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Junshuai Xue,1 Yang Liu2 1Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yang Liu, Department of General surgery, Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18560088317, Email liuyang_sdu@126.comAbstract: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have the ability of self-renewal, the potential of multipotent differentiation, and a strong paracrine capacity, which are mainly used in the field of clinical medicine including dentistry and orthopedics. Therefore, tissue engineering research using MSCs as seed cells is a current trending directions. However, the healing effect of direct cell transplantation is unstable, and the paracrine/autocrine effects of MSCs cannot be effectively elicited. Tumorigenicity and heterogeneity are also concerns. The combination of MSCs as seed cells and appropriate vector materials can form a stable cell growth environment, maximize the secretory features of stem cells, and improve the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of vector materials that facilitate the delivery of drugs and various secretory factors. There are numerous studies on tissue engineering and inflammation of various biomaterials, mainly involving bioceramics, alginate, chitosan, hydrogels, cell sheets, nanoparticles, and three-dimensional printing. The combination of bioceramics, hydrogels and cell sheets with stem cells has demonstrated good therapeutic effects in clinical applications. The application of alginate, chitosan, and nanoparticles in animal models has also shown good prospects for clinical applications. Three-dimensional printing technology can circumvent the shortage of biomaterials, greatly improve the properties of vector materials, and facilitate the transplantation of MSCs. The purpose of this narrative review is to briefly discuss the current use of MSC-based carrier biomaterials to provide a useful resource for future tissue engineering and inflammation research using stem cells as seed cells.Keywords: mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, vector biomaterial, tissue engineering, inflammation, cell transplantation

Junshuai Xue,1,* Delin Ma,2,* Jianjun Jiang,1 Yang Liu1 1Department of General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yang LiuDepartment of General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, No. 107, Road Wen Hua Xi, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 18560088317Email liuyang_sdu@126.comAbstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), has been an important cause of sudden in-hospital death. Studies have shown that the immune/inflammatory response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease, with representative markers in the blood including the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune/inflammatory index (SII), etc. However, there is a variety of immune/inflammatory indicators. Moreover, most previous studies have been single-center investigations involving one or two indicators, with varying nature of cases, number of cases and study objectives, thereby making it difficult to reach consensus conclusions with good clinical guidelines. This article reviews the clinical value of immunoinflammatory indicators for VTE based on previous studies, including the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. In conclusion, NLR provides promising predictive capability for the onset and prognosis of VTE and deserves extensive application in clinical practice. PLR also has certain diagnostic and prognostic value, but further studies are warranted to identify its reliability and stability. Monocytes, eosinophils and platelet-related indicators show some clinical association with VTE, although the predictive capabilities are mediocre. SII is of promising potential value for VTE and deserves further investigations. This review will provide new clues and valuable clinical guidance for the diagnosis and therapy of VTE.Keywords: venous thromboembolism, immune/inflammation biomarker, diagnosis, prognosis