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In this study, anatomical properties of Biarum marmarisense (P. C. Boyce) P. C. Boyce and Biarum pyrami (Schott) Engl. var. pyrami were examined. The specimens were collected from Antalya province, South West of Anatolia. Degree of spathe tube margin connection, distribution of pistillodes and staminate-pistillate flower zone interstice length characters are important in Biarum Schott. taxonomy at specific level. The cross-sections of root, stem and leaf parts of the plant were examined and demonstrated by photographs. Although thicknesses of the cell wall of the endodermis and xylem strands are distinguishing features, raphide crystals are same feature in both species. B. marmarisense has observed paracytic stoma types while B. pyrami var. pyrami has anomocytic stoma types. Most of the anatomical properties were similar to the other members of the Araceae family.

Infection during pregnancy is common and the developing fetal brain is vulnerable to vertical transmission due to immaturity of the fetal immune system. Infection is a major cause of multiple organ abnormalities, including the neuraxis, due to the neurotropism of the infectious agents. This review sets out to give an overview of fetal infection, review the general principles of the nature and timing of the infectious insult with respect to outcomes, review the neuroimaging of infection by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and review the various pathogens involved, including the two most common, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma, and also other common viral and nonviral infections.

Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease with a usual onset in the third decade of life, when persons are committed to various social roles that adults fulfil. 1 When evaluating the outcomes of clinical care, social role participation is an increasingly important outcome, especially when considering diseases with substantial limitations in physical functioning such as inflammatory rheumatic diseases. 2 The Short Form of the Social Role Participation Questionnaire (s-SRPQ) is a questionnaire which was developed to assess effect of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) on participation. 2 Objectives This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the s-SRPQ in Turkish patients with AS. Methods The Turkish version of s-SRPQ questionnaire was obtained after a translation and back translation process. The study sample included 100 AS patients (59 males, 41 females; mean age 42.00±11.00 years; range 19 to 69 years). To assess the test-retest reliability of the Turkish s-SRPQ, the questionnaire was reapplied 15 days after the first interview (interclass correlation coefficient, ICC). Cronbach’s alpha (a) was used to evaluate the internal consistency. The s-SRPQ was compared with Short Form-36 survey (SF-36), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life questionnaire (ASQoL), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) for convergent validity. The internal structure of s-SRPQ was examined by factor analysis. Results For s-SRPQ/experienced physical difficulties; the individual item ICC ranged from 0.78 to 1.00 and Cronbach’s alpha value ranged from 0.88 to 1.00. For s-SRPQ/satisfaction with role performance; the individual item ICC ranged from 0.93 to 0.98 and Cronbach’s alpha value ranged from 0.96 to 0.99. KMO values was determined as 0.90 and 0.89 in the s-SRPQ/experienced physical difficulties and s-SRPQ/satisfaction with role performance, respectively. Bartlett’s test of sphericity had a p s- SRPQ/experienced physical difficulties scores and BASDAI, BASFI, and ASQoL scores (p Conclusions Turkish version of s-SRPQ has good comprehensibility, internal consistency, and validity and is an adequate and useful instrument for the assessment of participation in Turkish patients with AS. References [1] Sieper J, Braun J, Rudwaleit M, Boonen A, Zink A (2002) Ankylosing spondylitis: an overview. Ann Rheum Dis61(Suppl 3):8–18 [2] Oude Voshaar M, van Onna M, van Genderen S, van de Laar M, van der Heijde D, Heuft L, et al. (2016) Development and Validation of a Short Form of the Social Role Participation Questionnaire in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Rheumatol43(7):1386–92 Disclosure of Interest None declared

In the present study, Ornithogalum narbonense, O. montanum, O. wiedemannii, O. sigmoideum and O. lanceolatum species were compared statistically with respect to anatomical characters. Some differences were found in root, stem and leaf anatomy of the species. These differences and similarities were indicated in this study. A big metaxylem was present in all root cross sections, except for O. lanceolatum, which has three metaxylema. 2-3 layered annular type collenchyma were present in all species. Aerenchyma is present in all mesophiles. RESUMO No presente estudo, as espécies Ornithogalum narbonense, O. montanum, O. wiedemannii, O. sigmoideum e O. lanceolatum, foram comparadas estatisticamente com relação às suas características anatômicas. Foram observadas diferenças na anatomia da raiz, caule e folhas das espécies. Estas diferenças e semelhanças foram indicadas no presente estudo. Foi observado um grande metaxilema em todas as seções da raiz, com exceção de O. lanceolatum, que possui três metaxilemas. Duas a três camadas de colênquima foram encontradas em todas as espécies. Todas as espécies mesófilas continham aerênquima.

The Colchicum L. is a well-known plant genus with several species being used as a drug. The plant has also an importance containing toxic substance. Colchicum burttii Meikle, a winter geophyte, is a local endemic species for Turkey. Its flowering time is between January and March.In this study, the morphological and anatomical features of the endemic Colchicum burttii were investigated. Cross sections of the root, scape and parts of the leaf were examined and demonstrated by illustrations.

Acromegaly may lead to balance disturbances and fear of falling due to changes in body composition and co-morbidities.The aim of this study was to evaluate balance and fear of falling in acromegalic patients and their relation with disease characteristics.Forty-eight acromegalic patients and 41 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled in the study. The median ages of the patients and controls were 48 (25-75) and 50 (25-67) yr, respectively. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and one-leg stance test (OLST) were used to compare dynamic and static balance respectively, 50 meters walking test was used to compare functional capacity and falls efficacy scale-international (FES-I) was used to compare fear of falling between the groups.Balance tests (BBS and 50 meter walking test) and fear of falling (FES-I) were significantly disturbed in patients compared with controls. There was no significant difference in OLST. BBS and OLST were negatively and FES-I was positively correlated with age. FES-I was negatively correlated with BBS and OLST was positively correlated with 50 meters walking test. Only OLST was negatively correlated with disease duration. Logistic regression analysis revealed that balance was not affected by the presence of co-morbidities, postoperative vision loss and disease control.This is the first study showing that balance is disturbed in acromegalic patients. This disturbance is not related to disease control and co-morbidities but somewhat to disease duration.

The aim of this study was to compare the sleep quality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS); and to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and pain, fatigue, depression, and disease activity in patients with RA and FMS.Forty RA, 40 FMS and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Disease activity and disease duration were reported in patients. Pain by visual analogue scale (VAS), fatigue by Multidimensional Assesment of Fatigue (MAF), depression by Beck Depression Index (BDI), and sleep quality by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were gathered in all participants.All participants were aged between 20 and 65 years, with a mean age of 42.97±10.75 years. There was no significant difference with respect to demographic characteristics among the three study groups. Patients reported more depression than controls, but BDI scores were similar in FMS and RA patients. VAS pain scores and MAF scores were significantly different in the three groups (p0.001). FMS and RA patients had poor sleep quality (p0.001). FMS patients had daytime dysfunction due to sleep disorder and had worse habitual sleep efficiency than RA patients (p0.05). In patients, positive correlations were found between PSQI and clinic assessment variables except disease duration.FMS and RA may have poor sleep quality when compared to subjects without rheumatologic disorders. The quality of sleep can be impaired by pain, fatigue, depression, and disease activity in such patients.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful condition causing disability and muscle weakness. Shortwave diathermy (SWD) is one of several physical therapy modalities and used predominantly as a pain reduction modality in the clinical practice. However, the efficacy of SWD in knee OA is still inconclusive.The aim of this study was to determine if SWD increase the effectiveness of isokinetic exercise on pain, function, muscle strength, quality of life and depression in patients with OA.This was a randomised, controlled clinical trial.Inpatient Physiotherapy Department.Forty women aged between 42 and 74 years, with a diagnosis of bilateral primary knee OA.Patients were sequentially randomized into two groups. Group 1 (N.=20) received SWD and isokinetic muscular strengthening exercises. Group 2 (N.=20) served as control group and they received isokinetic exercises only. Both of the programs were performed three days a week, for a duration of four weeks, and a total of 12 sessions. Patients were assessed before treatment (BT), after treatment (AT), and at a three-month follow-up (F). Outcome measures included visual analogue scale, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index, six minute walking distance, isokinetic muscle testing, Short Form 36 and Beck depression index.The patients with OA in each group had significant improvements in pain, disability, depression, walking distance, muscle strength, and quality of life AT and F when compared with their initial status (P0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups according to all the parameters regarding the change scores between AT-BT test and F-BT test (P0.05) except some isokinetic peak torque measurements (F-BT scores of extension right 60°, 120° and flexion right 60°).Use of SWD in addition to isokinetic exercise program seems to have no further significant effect in terms of pain, disability, walking distance, muscle strength, quality of life and depression in patients with knee OA.Considering the time and cost of combination therapy is now, the isokinetic exercise program, as it is efficient, may be preferable for the treatment of knee OA, alone.