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The aim of this research was to provide a review of the studies on early intervention for low birth weight infants (LBWI). This research picked up on domestic and foreign studies on early intervention to promote development of LBWI , to reduce maternal anxiety and to support and facilitate motherinfant interactions. Moreover, it was discussed the optimum intervention for LBWI and mothers. In Overseas neonatal intensive care units (NICU), from the 2000s, care in NICU was changed from medical care for lifesaving of LBWI to developmental care (DC) for the promotion of infant development and the interactions between mother and LBWI. Moreover, the DC was expanded into newborn individualized developmental care and assessment program (NIDCAP) in the form of family-centered developmentally supportive care to provide more optimum environment and care in NICU as to individual needs for LBWI and family. In practicing the NIDCAP, care of LBWI appeared to have certain positive effects on the LBWI’s communication behaviors and mother-infant interactions (Kleberg, Westrup & Stjernqvist, 2000). Then, it was suggested that the DC both in the infant-centered care and in the infant pain management affects LBWI’s higher attention and regulation, and lower stress than infants from low-care units (Montirosso, Del Prete, Bellù, Tronick & Borgatti, 2012). As the DC provides more optimum environment for LBWI in NICU, neurological development of premature infants was promoted, and more stable neurological behavior was supported. In addition, it was indicated that the guidance for mothers to understand infant’s cues and reactions enhances maternal sensitivity and reduces maternal anxiety (Browne & Talmi, 2005 ; Meyer, Coll, Lester, Boukydis, McDonough & Oh, 1994). Moreover, LBWI after discharge from NICU was involved in long-term follow-up on the pediatrics. Through the guidance to regulate the infant’s reactions mother-infant interactions was enhanced (Berlin, Brooks-Gunn, McCarton & McCornick, 1998 ; Newnham, Milgrom & Skouteris, 2009). In Japan, much early interventions for LBWI are worked on individual NICU, and it wasn’t instituted massive effect study. However, recently, NICU staff in Japan is concerned with psychological care for family, mental health, and parent-infant relationships. Early physical contacts including the kangaroo care and touch care were taken in at many hospitals, the DC was gradually spreading, and medical proposition was changed from intact survival care to family-centered care. From now on, to practice early intervention for LBWI and the family, it is important to clarify the LBWI’s characteristics about the relationships with the others and social development, and to improve the contents and timing of early intervention based on those findings.

The purpose of this research was to provide a review of the literature on joint attention in low birth weight infants (LBWI) during the first 4 years of life. First, research examining the difference in ability of attention between LBWI and full-term infants indicated that LBWI was less optimal attention development and these difference increased when infants grow up. Second, research investigating the difference in joint attention between LBWI and full-term revealed that there were significant differences in the area of initiating and responding join attention between them during toddlers. The importance of long-term studies with the developmental change of social communication on LVBI was emphasized.

新しいあて材検出法の開発を目指して、ヒノキ圧縮あて材と正常材における遺伝子発現パターンを比較した。遺伝子発現を利用した判定には、あて材を早期に検出できるという利点がある。傾斜した5個体の樹幹から、あて材部と正常材部の分化中木部を採取した。成長応力解放ひずみの測定と組織観察の結果から、5個体のあて材の程度を推定した。最もあて材の程度が強かった個体について蛍光ディファレンシャルディスプレイを行い、あて材と正常材のバンドパターンを比較した。他個体での再現性を検討すると、1個体目と共通した発現パターンを示すバンドが298検出された。この中から判定指標に最も適したバンドを選んでいくことで、あて材の検出や程度の推定が可能になると考えられる。, Gene expression patterns between compression wood (CW) and normal wood (NW) of Chamaecyparis obtusa were compared to develop a new method of detecting CW. Assessment based on gene expression has the advantage of being able to detect CW early. The differentiating xylem tissues in CW and NW were scraped from five inclined trunks. The degrees of CW were estimated by measuring the released strain of the growth stress and observing the anatomies. In the tree forming the severest CW, fluorescent differential display was performed to analyze differential gene expression exhibited between CW and NW. Testing band reproducibility in another tree revealed that 298 bands showed the expression patterns in common with the first tree. Selecting the appropriate bands for assessment will make it possible to detect CW formation and to estimate the degrees of CW., 農林水産研究情報センターで作成したPDFファイルを使用している。

International audience; Awareness of the shortage of fossil resources leads to an increasing demand for woody biomass. We investigated the feasibility of using fast-growing Gmelina arborea wood for material production. Gmelina arborea wood samples were collected from trees of varying cambium ages in Indonesia, from 3.5-, 7- and 12-year-old plantations.* The lateral growth rate and the cambium age did not significantly affect the longitudinal released strain of the growth stress, xylem density, or microfibril angle at the outermost surface of the secondary xylem at any sampling site. However, fiber length in the 3.5-year-old plantation tended to be shorter in smaller diameter trees, whereas in larger diameter trees it was almost the same as that in trees from the 7- and 12-year-old plantations. This suggests that smaller diameter trees in the 3.5-year-old plantation had not yet produced mature wood.* Xylem qualities had already reached values appropriate for harvesting, except in the smaller diameter trees from the 3.5-year-old plantation. This indicates that the larger diameter trees had already matured, regardless of their cambium age. These results suggest that the next step is to develop silvicultural treatments to increase the lateral growth rate during the early growing stage, in order to produce as much mature wood as possible, as quickly as possible.; La prise de conscience de la raréfaction des ressources fossiles conduit à une demande croissante de biomasse ligneuse. Dans ce contexte nous avons examiné la faisabilité d'utiliser une essence à croissance rapide Gmelina arborea pour la production de bois matériau.Nous avons collecté en Indonésie des échantillons de bois dans des arbres provenant de plantations de 3,5, 7 et 12 ans.* Pour tous les sites, le taux de croissance radiale et l'âge cambial n'affectent pas les déformations résiduelles longitudinales des contraintes de croissance, la densité du xylème ou l'angle des microfibrilles de la périphérie du xylème secondaire. Cependant pour les petits arbres de la plantation de 3,5 ans, les fibres sont plus courtes tandis que pour les gros arbres les fibres ont une longueur comparable à celle des arbres des plantations de 7 et 12 ans. Cela suggère que les petits arbres de la plantation de 3,5 ans ne produisent pas encore du bois mature. * Les qualités du xylème ont facilement atteint des valeurs justifiant l'exploitation exception faite des petits arbres de la plantation de 3,5 ans. Cela indique que les gros arbres sont déjà matures indépendamment de leur âge. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'étape suivante est le développement de traitements sylvicoles visant à augmenter le taux de croissance radiale durant le stade initial de croissance, dans le but de produire le plus rapidement possible le plus de bois adulte.