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Aim: Although treatment guidelines for pharmacological therapy for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder have been issued by the Japanese Societies of Neuropsychopharmacology and Mood Disorders, these guidelines have not been well applied by psychiatrists throughout the nation. To address this issue, we developed the ‘Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in Psychiatric Treatment (EGUIDE)’ integrated education programs for psychiatrists to disseminate the clinical guidelines. Additionally, we conducted a systematic efficacy evaluation of the programs. Methods: Four hundred thirteen out of 461 psychiatrists attended two 1‐day educational programs based on the treatment guidelines for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder from October 2016 to March 2018. We measured the participants’ clinical knowledge of the treatment guidelines using self‐completed questionnaires administered before and after the program to assess the effectiveness of the programs for improving knowledge. We also examined the relation between the participants’ demographics and their clinical knowledge scores. Results: The clinical knowledge scores for both guidelines were significantly improved after the program. There was no correlation between clinical knowledge and participant demographics for the program on schizophrenia; however, a weak positive correlation was found between clinical knowledge and the years of professional experience for the program on major depressive disorder. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that educational programs on the clinical practices recommended in guidelines for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder might effectively improve participants’ clinical knowledge of the guidelines. These data are encouraging to facilitate the standardization of clinical practices for psychiatric disorders.

The ac signal response of majority carriers has been systematically investigated for Al2O3/InP metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) interfaces using C-V and the conductance methods. It was revealed by the conductance curve fitting that both slow trap and interface trap responses contribute to a conductance curve at the Al2O3/InP interfaces in the depletion bias condition, and that the contribution of slow trap response and large surface potential fluctuation make it difficult to obtain a clear conductance peak. It was found that the conductance curves in high frequency region can be represented by the surface potential fluctuation model. This means that the analysis through the conductance curve fitting is effective in characterizing III-V MIS interfaces. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECC) are suitable for memory-constraint devices like smart cards due to their small key-size. Non-adjacent form (NAF) is a signed binary representation of integers used for implementing ECC. Recently, Schmidt-Samoa et al. proposed the fractional $w$MOF (Frac-$w$MOF), which is a left-to-right analogue of NAF, where $w$ is the fractional window size $w=w_{0}+w_{1}$ of integer $w_{0}$ and fractional number $w_{1}$. On the contrary to NAF, there are some consecutive none-zero bits in Frac-$w$MOF, and thus the zero-run length of the Frac-$w$MOF is not equal to that of the variants of NAF. In this paper we present an asymptotic formula of zero-run length of Frac-$w$MOF. Indeed, the average zero-run length of the Frac-$w$MOF is asymptotically $w\frac{2^{w_{0}+1}}{2^{w_{0}+1}-1}$, which is longer than that of the fractional $w$NAF.

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SummaryThe dwarfing effects of growth inhibitors [abscisic acid (ABA), hinokitiol and tropolone] applied to a connecting bark strip on a partially ringed trunk were evaluated using 2-year-old peach trees. A 2 cm strip of bark was removed from the circumference of the trunk, leaving a 2 mm-wide connecting bark band to which aqueous solutions of the chemicals were applied. Positive correlations were found between bark regeneration and tree growth. High concentrations of tropolone and hinokitiol retarded both bark regeneration and shoot growth. Tropolone at 500 µg ml–1 and 1,000 µg ml–1 completely inhibited bark regeneration, even resulting in tree-death similar to complete ringing. Regenerated bark at 1,000 µg ml–1 ABA was half that in the partially ringed water control, and regeneration was completely inhibited at 2,000 µg ml–1 ABA. Root weight was also reduced in accordance with the decline in bark regeneration. These results indicate that tree growth can be controlled by chemically modifying bark regener...

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。

The anion composition of InGaAs surfaces was controlled by using plasma processing, and its effects on the metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) properties were investigated. On-line Auger electron spectroscopy showed that H2 plasma cleaning on InGaAs effectively reduced the surface oxides and removed approximately one monolayer of As. Following this by plasma nitridation successfully introduced approximately two monolayers of N; however, the nitrided layer also contained an oxide component. Although the electrical properties of the Al2O3/InGaAs capacitors were degraded by H2 plasma processing, subsequent nitridation restored well-behaved MIS characteristics to the devices. The channel mobility of MIS field-effect transistors with a nitride interface was higher than that of the control device.

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Determination of the lipolytic activity in various organs of rats were done by means of organ homogenate in vitro, the significance of the lipolytic activity was more characterized by the inhibition study of the Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL). The activity of the lung tissue was high followed by the cardiac muscle or adipose tissue. After force feeding fat meal or after heparin administration in vitro, the significant elevation was observed. And also after carbon tetrachloride poisoning or aseptic pneumonia induced by silver nitrate solution injection, the lipolytic activity in the lung increased with the endogeneous lipid transportation from the depot fat to the liver tissue. The histological character of the lung tissue is rich in arterioles and capillaries and also rich in mast cells and the lung has a anatomical speciality ; the first organ to be approached by exogeneous lipid. These findings suggest that the lung is one of the organs which produce LPL and may display some role in the exogeneous and endogeneous lipid transportation., Acta medica Nagasakiensia. 1964, 8(3-4), p.94-109

養殖マダイは,とくにその体表皮の色に問題がある.天然産のものと比較すると,マダイ本来の鮮やかな赤い色調が褪色して黒味を帯びた養殖ものが得られる.この欠陥を改良するため,アメリカザリガニの甲殻カロチノイドを人工飼料に添加して,養殖マダイの体色改善に資する目的をもった飼育試験を試み,以下の結果を得た. 1. アメリカザリガニ甲殻カロチノイドは,β-カロチン,アスタキサンチン・エステル,アスタシンおよびアスタキサンチンを主要成分とするが,なお未同定の数種カロチノイドを含む.遊離型のアスタキサンチンは甲穀中では主としてカロチノプロテインとして存在する. 2. 当才魚および一年魚のマダイに対する基本飼料への各種カロチノイドの添加飼育試験は,肉眼的観察および体表皮と鰭に存在する総カロチノイド含量から判定して,アメリカザリガニ甲殼脂質の添加区(A-5)が最も良好で,次いで甲殻粉末添加区(A-6,B-1)であった.但し,甲殻粉末の大量添加はマダイの栄養上好ましくなく,増重量が他と較べて劣っていた.また,カンタキサンチン添加区(A-2)は僅かな効果を示したが,β-カロチン(A-1),アメリカザリガニ甲殻脂質不ケン化物を分別して得たカロチン類(A-3)とキサントフィル類(A-4)の添加区は効果がみられなかった. 3. マダイのカロチノイドは大部分体表皮および鰭に局在し,主としてアスタキサンチン・エステルと他のキサントフィル・エステル類として存在する. 4. 飼育試験でマダイの発色に効果のみられたアメリカザリガニ甲殼脂質および甲殻粉末添加区のマダイ体表皮のカロチノイドは主としてアスタキサンチン・エステルおよび他のキサントフィル・エステル類を含有するが,他の区では前者が検出されず,カンタキサンチン投与区で痕跡程度認められた.したがって・マダイ本来の赤色調の発色にはアスタキサンチン・エステルが大いに寄与すると考えられ,人工飼料に遊離あるいはエステル型のアスタキサンチンまたはクラスタシアニンを添加することによってマダイ体色の改善が可能である. 5. アメリカザリガニ甲殼およびマダイの体表皮に存在して赤い色調を出すアスタキサンチン・エステルの構成脂肪酸は単一のものではなく,トリグリセリドの組成と同じように種々の脂肪酸から構成されていることをみた. 6. マダイにおける植物カロチノイドから動物カロチノイド,とくにアスタキサンチンへの代謝について錦鯉および金魚あるいは甲殻類と比較し,マダイの変換能の劣ることを考察した., When applying an artificial diet in the rearing of red sea bream, Pagrus major (T. & S.), one of the main problems is that the brilliant-redish-natural color of the skin and fins fades away slowly and turns dark. Hereupon, in order to improve the color appearance of cultured red sea bream, a feeding experiment of crayfish (Cambarus clarkii) carapace carotenods, in which astaxanthin in free and ester forms, astacene and β-carotene are major component, added to a basal diet (Nippai No. 6 P for trout) was experimented. Red sea breams of 5 months (A) and 13 months (B) of age were grouped according to the kind of addition and raised during 8 weeks for the former, and 2 months for the latter as follows: β-carotene (A-1), carophyll red (10% canthaxanthin) (A-2), carotenes (A-3) and xanthophylls (A-4) separated from the unsaponifiable matter of crayfish carapace lipid, crayfish carapace lipid (A-5), crayfish carapace powder (A-6, B-1), and control (A-7, B-2) of basal diet. The effects of the diet on the fish pigmentation were determined by naked eye observation, the total carotenoid content and the measurement of astaxanthin esters in the integument, muscle and liver of red sea breams. The group A-5 was significantly better colored, A-6 or B-1 came after, whilst the other groups remained almost similar in appearance to the control group, but A-2 indicated a little effect. Analytical examination of the integument showed significant increase in the level of total carotenoids as well as the deposition of astaxanthin esters in the group A-5 and A-6 or B-1. It may therefore be concluded that when red sea breams are fed on ordinary rations plus astaxanthin either in the forms of free, ester with fatty acids or crustacyanin, they will absorb and deposit astaxanthin mainly in the form of esters in the integument of the fish. Moreover, the metabolic ability of red sea bream in the conversion of carotenoids was compared with that of other fish, such as fancy carp and goldfish, or crustacea, and was discussed.

1. アメリカザリガニ甲殻のカロチノイドを薄層およびカラムクロマトグラフィーで分離同定した結果,主成分はアスタキサンチンエステル,アスタキサンチンおよびアスタシンであった. 2. 青,紫および赤色の三種のカロチノプロテインの補欠分子族はアスタキサンチンを主成分とし,それぞれのカロチノイド組成に差は認められなかった. 3. アスタキサンチンは頭胸部,尾部および尾柄部など青い部分の甲殻に比較的多く含まれる.しかし,鋏脚の濃青色部と鮮赤色部の甲殼のカロチノイド組成に殆ど差は認められなかった. 4. 甲殻の赤い色は主として非結合型カロチノイドの色により,甲殻の青い色は非結合型カロチノイドの他に青および紫色カロチノプロテインが比較的多く存在する為と考えられる.甲殼の色が成長と共に赤味を増すのは非結合型カロチノイドがカロチノプロテインと置換して沈着する為と考える., 1. Astaxanthin ester, astaxanthin, and astacin were found as major pigments in the exoskeleton of crayfish. 2. Astaxanthin, which was the prosthetic group of carotenoproteins, was found in comparatively larger quantities in the exoskeleton of cepharothorax and abdomen & tail than in those of chelae and legs. 3. A remarkable difference of carotenoid composition, however, was not found between the red and the blue chela exoskeletons. 4. The blue in the exoskeleton may depend on bluish carotenoproteins, and on the carotenoproteins replaced by unbound-carotenoids deposited as the animal older. The unbound-carotenoids seemed to be in relation with the basal pigmentation of the reddish exoskeleton.

海水は多くの有機物を包含し,脂質も例外ではない。本報は,燧灘の17測点における1973年夏期と1974年冬期の海水・底土・懸濁物に含まれる脂質を分析した結果を報告する。 (1) 海水および底土の脂質含量は,それぞれ痕跡～1.8mg/l,0.9～2.6mg/gの範囲にあった。燧灘の沿岸と中央部の水域を比較し,脂質含量は前者の方が多く,とくに川之江および観音寺沿岸水域で高い結果を得た。 (2) いずれの試料の脂質においても,ステロールのエステル型成分はみられず,トリグリセリドも少量しか認められないことから,エステル型化合物は海の環境下に加水分解され易いと考えられる。トリグリセリドの含有割合は,夏よりも冬において少ない結果を示した。 (3) 脂質のクラスと脂肪酸の組成を検討して,脂質の分解は底層水で比較的高く,表層水および底土がこれに次ぐものと示唆される。 (4) 懸濁物も脂質を含有する。しかし,その組成は海洋生物のそれとは非常に異なっていることを認めた。, 1. The lipid content of sea water and the sediment ranged from trace to 1.8 mg/l and from 0.9 mg/g to 2.6 mg/g, respectively. The lipid content was greater in the coastal waters than in the central area of Hiuchi Nada, and especially high at the area off Kawanoe and Kannonzi. 2. As the ester type of sterols was not detected and since the percentage of triglycerides was small in the lipids extracted from sea water, sediments and suspensoids, it is considered that the esterified compounds are hydrolyzed in the marine environment. The triglycerides were fewer in winter than in summer. 3. Considering the lipid class and the fatty acid composition, it is suggested that the decomposition of lipids was comparatively high in the bottom sea water, then in the surface sea water and sediments. 4. It is recognized that the suspensoids contain the lipids, however, the quality of the lipids is very different from that of marine organisms.

今日,石油の流出事故による沿岸水域の油濁は世界的に深刻な問題となっている。1973年夏期と1974年冬期時点における燧灘17測点の底土に含まれる炭化水素を検討した結果を報告する。 (1) 底土から脂質を抽出し,その炭化水素のガスクロマトグラフ分析を行い,生物由来の炭化水素(プリスタンおよびスクワレン)とn-アルカンを検出した。 (2) (プリスタン+スクワレン)/n-アルカンの比の分布とこの比が脂質含量と一致している事実を考え,この海域の底土中の炭化水素は生物起源のものが多いことを認めた。 (3) この時点でこの海域は・魚に石油貝を与えるほどに油濁されていないと考えられる。, 1. The hydrocarbons of sediments were analyzed with gas-liquid chromatography. The biogenetic hydrocarbons (pristane and squalene) as well as n-alkanes were detected. 2. Considering the distribution of pristane plus squalene/n-alkanes ratio and the fact that this ratio was coincident with that of lipid content, it is recognized that the hydrocarbons of mud were mainly derived from the organisms in this area. 3. It is supposed that this area was not too polluted to give petroleum odour in fish as of summer of 1973 and winter of 1974.