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S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is a substrate-specific adaptor in Skp1-CUL1-ROC1-F-box E3 ubiquitin ligases and widely regarded as an oncogene. Therefore, Skp2 has remained as an active anticancer research topic since its discovery. Accordingly, the structure of Skp2 has been solved and numerous Skp2 inhibiting compounds have been identified. In this review, we would describe the structural features of Skp2, introduce the ubiquitination function of SCFSkp2, and summarize the diverse natural and synthetic Skp2 inhibiting compounds reported to date. The IC50 data of the Skp2 inhibitors or inhibiting compounds in various kinds of tumors at cellular levels implied that the cancer type, stage and pathological mechanisms should be taken into consideration when selecting Skp2-inhibiting compound for cancer treatment.

Broiler and layer productions are important ammonia (NH3) emission sources in the livestock industry. Here, we present the first meta-analysis and integrated assessment of NH3 emissions and mitigation potentials for typical broiler litter manure management system (MMS) and layer manure belt MMS based on data from 96 studies. A total of 10 integrated NH3 emission factors (EFs) and the NH3 mitigation efficiencies (MEs) of 14 available options were provided. The estimated NH3 emissions from the baseline scenarios of the broiler litter MMS and the layer manure belt MMS were 84.1 ± 5.9 kg AU−1 yr−1 and 53.5 ± 15.8 kg AU−1 yr−1, respectively. The NH3 mitigation for the broiler litter MMS should be focused on the in-house stage, while the mitigation in the layer manure belt MMS should be focused on the outdoor and land application stages. The recommended NH3 mitigation options for the in-house stage, the outdoor stage and the land application stage were acid scrubber (−92.5%), compost biofilter (−71.9%) and changing the manure surface application to incorporation (−83.0%), respectively. The recommended mitigation combinations of low crude protein (LCP) diet, acid scrubber, compost biofilter and manure incorporation achieved the highest NH3 mitigation efficiency from both broiler litter MMS and layer manure belt MMS, by 89.3% and 84.8%, respectively. The results of this study have important implications for developing sustainable poultry production systems from the viewpoint of NH3 mitigation. The environment issues such as the other reactive nitrogen emissions and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions should also be considered in the future.

With the explosive growth of data on the Internet, the mining of vertical knowledge domain material has become more complex. In order to efficiently collect, manage and exploit the huge knowledge corpus, this paper proposes a vertical semantic search engine for the domain of electric power metering. On the one hand the engine overcomes the shortcomings of traditional general-purpose search engines in terms of lack of targeting and specialization, and on the other hand it has higher accuracy and more stable recall than general keyword-based search engines, enabling semantic understanding and relational analysis. The main innovation of the proposed engine is the use of knowledge units extracted from knowledge graphs for semantic search. Experimental results prove that this engine can improve the accuracy and timeliness of power metering knowledge retrieval, and has certain application value.

Ultrashort electron beams are essential for light sources and time-resolved measurements. Laser modulation using an undulator and pulsed near infrared light is expected for attosecond density modulation of electron beam. In this study, simulation of laser modulation using undulator with period length of 6.6 mm and optical pulse with a wavelength of 800 nm was performed by ELEGANT* code. Simulation results of laser modulation for electron beam with an energy of 32.5 MeV will be presented from a view point of the density modulation., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Figure S1. Protein level of OCT4 as detected by western blotting after the NC siRNA group or the USP37 siRNA#2 group was treated with 0.5 ��M purmorphamine for 48 h. GAPDH was examined as a loading control. (DOCX 80 kb)

Table S1. Sequences of primer, siRNA and shRNA. (DOCX 14 kb)

Arachis hypogaea. L is a legume of economic importance, which is nodulated by Bradyrhizobium, a slow-growing bacteria. However there is no well characterization of this rhizobia in many areas of China. In the present study, cross-inoculation experiments were performed in cowpea and soybean. The isolated bacteria strains were characterized physiologyically, biochemically and identified through 16S rDNA sequence analysis showing that it belongs to Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The genetic diversity of the seventeen isolated strains were assessed through PCR-RFLP of 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA IGS region. Cross inoculation test indicated that isolates could nodulate cowpea but not soybean. The cluster analysis based on physiological and biochemical characteristics showed the lower correlation between isolates and sites. The isolates were grouped into four clusters based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Thirteen polymorphisms were variable across all observations in 16S rDNA RFLP and six different IGS types from isolates. The results implies that there was some association between geographical factor and phylogenetic diversity of indigenous Bradyrhizobium isolates.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and NASA technical reports indicate that the misunderstanding in radiotelephony communications is a primary causal factor associated with operation errors, and a sizable proportion of operation errors lead to read-back errors. We introduce deep learning method to solve this problem and propose a new semantic checking model based on Long Short-Time Memory network (LSTM) for intelligent read-back error checking. A mean-pooling layer is added to the traditional LSTM, so as to utilize the information obtained by all the hidden activation vectors, and also to improve the robustness of the semantic vector extracted by LSTM. A MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) layer, which can maintain the information of different regions in the concatenated vectors obtained by the mean-pooling layer, is applied instead of traditional similarity function in the new model to express the semantic similarity of the read-back pairs quantitatively. The K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier is used to verify whether the read-back pairs are consistent in semantics according to the output of MLP layer. Extensive experiments are conducted and the results show that the proposed model is more effective and more robust than the traditional checking model to verify the semantic consistency of read-backs automatically. Keywords: Air traffic control, Chinese radiotelephony read-backs, LSTM, Mean pooling, MLP, Semantic checking

Beef cattle production systems are the largest contributors of greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions in the livestock industry. Here, we present the first meta-analysis and integrated assessment of gaseous emissions and mitigation potentials for a typical beef cattle feedlot system, including methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and NH3 losses from enteric fermentation and manure management based on data from 104 studies. A total of 14 integrated emission factors (EF) and the mitigation efficiencies (ME) of 17 available options were provided. The estimated GHG and NH3 emissions from the baseline feedlot system were 2786 ± 108 kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq) per animal unit (AU) per year and 49.1 ± 1.5 kg NH3 AU-1 year-1, respectively. Enteric CH4 fermentation and manure on the feedlot contributed 67.5% and 80.8% of the total system GHG and NH3 emissions, respectively. The highest ME values were found for lipid additives for enteric CH4 fermentation and urease inhibitor additives (UI) for NH3 emissions from manure on the feedlot, being -14.9% ( p < 0.05) and -59.5% ( p < 0.001), respectively. The recommended mitigation combinations of a low-crude-protein (CP) diet and a UI additive for manure on the feedlot could reduce the GHG of the system by 4.9% and NH3 by 50.9%. The results of this study have important implications for developing sustainable beef cattle feedlot systems from the viewpoint of GHG and NH3 mitigation.

Storage temperature is a key factor in determining gas emissions from slurry storage. The reactive nitrogen-related gas (NH3, N2O, and NO) emission characteristics and resulting mechanisms from digested pig slurry stored under different temperatures of 5 (A5), 15 (B15), 25 (C25), and 35 °C (D35) were investigated in this study. Results showed that the temperature increase from 15 to 25 °C was crucial for the changes in the total chemical characteristics of slurry, the increase of gas emissions, and the nitrifiers and denitrifiers accumulation in the slurry. Chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen (TN), and total ammonia nitrogen content of the slurry decreased while pH increased significantly during storage under C25 and D35, while no obvious changes can be found under A5 and B15. NH3, N2O, and NO emissions increased by 284%, 451%, and 454%, respectively, when the storage temperature increased from 15 to 25 °C. The highest emissions of NH3, N2O, and NO were observed in D35, with the emission factor being 42.3% ± 9.0%, 2.26% ± 0.96%, and 0.11% ± 0.03% of initial TN, respectively; while the lowest emission factor was 4.2% ± 0.2%, 0.04% ± 0.01%, and 0.0003% ± 0.0001% for NH3, N2O, and NO in A5, respectively. The high temperature caused the increased abundance of Nitrosomonas, leading to the high N2O emission in D35. Vulcanibacillus and Thauera were the dominant denitrifiers in the microbial communities, and their increased abundance was another possible explanation for increased N2O emission on C25 and D35. Therefore, regulating slurry temperature to lower than 15 °C can effectively limit the NH3 and N2O emissions, and thus contributed to the air pollution reduction and global warming control. Meanwhile, compared with the cool temperature conditions, extra mitigation options were suggested to be applied to control the gases emissions when slurry was stored under hot conditions such as in summer.

Novel Cd 2 P 2 O 7 /Ag 3 PO 4 photocatalysts containing different mass fractions of Cd 2 P 2 O 7 were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Electron spin resonance (ESR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was decided by the effective separation and low recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. During the experiments, the Cd 2 P 2 O 7 /Ag 3 PO 4 composites possessed fierce electron- hole separation capacity. In particular, the 1 wt% Cd 2 P 2 O 7 /Ag 3 PO 4 catalyst displayed higher photocatalytic performance than pure Ag 3 PO 4 under visible-light irradiation (λ>420 nm). The ESR spectrum showed the main active species during the methyl orange degradation were ·OH and ·O 2 − .

A novel Ag3PO4@glucose-based carbon sphere photocatalyst (CS-Ag3PO4) was synthesized through the growth of carbon sphere on Ag3PO4 particles, and was applied into photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) under visible-light irradiation. CS-Ag3PO4 was characterized by X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and photo-luminescence spectroscopy. We found CS-Ag3PO4 significantly promoted the MO degradation under artificial sunlight irradiation. The visible-light photocatalytic activity was maximized at the dose of 5 mg/L CS-Ag3PO4, which obviously maintained the high activity even after five cycles. The remarkable enhancement of photocatalytic activity could be mainly attributed to the slow recombination between photo-induced carriers and the strong visible-light absorption ability. On basis of experiments, was proposed a possible mechanism for the photocatalytic activity enhancement was the presence of OH. This study contributes to the promising applications of carbon sphere in photocatalysis.

Reading back of the instructions acquired by pilots through radiotelephony communication from air traffic controllers plays a very important role for civil aviation safety. Whereas the mistakes of readbacks are difficult to find out when the controller or the pilot is under great pressure, fatigue, tension etc. To solve this problem, the authors propose a novel semantic consistency verification method based on recurrent neural network with long short-term memory structure (LSTM-RNN) for Chinese radiotelephony readbacks. The actual Chinese civil aviation radiotelephony recordings are converted to textual format, and the semantic similarity is studied to verify whether the semantics is the same between the controller instructions and the pilot readbacks. The word-based feature is extracted by one-hot vector, and LSTM-RNN is employed to build up a deep network architecture for producing high-level sentence semantic abstraction of the initial input instructions and readbacks pairs. Cosine similarity is used to quantify the semantic similarity, and different classification methods are adopted to verify consistency in semantics. The experimental results show that the method is effective and provides a new scheme for the intelligent checking of aviation radiotelephony readbacks.

Recent research indicates that ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy (UED/M) have unprecedented potential in probing ultrafast dynamic processes, especially in organic and biological materials. However, reaching the required brightness while maintaining high spatiotemporal resolution requires new design of electron source. In order to produce ultrashort electron beam with extreme high brightness, a 1.4-cell RF gun is being developed to reach higher acceleration gradient near the photocathode and thus suppress the space charge effect in the low energy region. Simulation of the 1.4-cell RF photocathode gun shows considerable improvement in bunch length, emittance and energy spread, which all lead to better temporal and spatial resolution comparing to traditional 1.6-cell RF photocathode gun. The results demonstrate the feasibility of sub-ps temporal resolution with normalized emittance less than 0.1 πmm·mrad while maintaining 1 pC electron pulse., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

A pH-activatable fluorescent probe, Rhod-H-NO, was designed and synthesized for the determination of lysosomal NO in living cells and in vivo., Nitric oxide (NO) is often involved in many different physiological processes including the regulation of lysosomal functions. However, it remains a great challenge to explore the variations of NO levels in lysosomes, limiting the understanding behind its biological functions in cellular signaling pathways and various diseases. Herein, a pH-activatable fluorescent probe, Rhod-H-NO, was designed and synthesized for the determination of lysosomal NO, in which the activation response model is beneficial towards getting accurate biological information. To ensure that Rhod-H-NO can accumulate effectively and exist stably in lysosomes without interference and degradation from other active species, Rhod-H-NO was engineered into the nanopores of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as the gatekeeper to obtain a nanolab. The nanolab was successfully applied to detect lysosomal NO in living cells and in vivo with high time and spatial resolution. This nanolab could serve as an excellent molecular tool to exploit and elucidate the function of NO at sub-cellular levels.

Figure�� S1. Protein level of OCT4 as detected by western blotting after the NC siRNA group or the USP37 siRNA#2 group was treated with 0.5 ����M purmorphamine for 48 h. GAPDH was examined as a loading control.�� (DOCX 80 kb)

Table S1. Sequences of primer, siRNA and shRNA. (DOCX 14 kb)

Ultrashort electron beams are essential for light sources and time-resolved measurements. Electron beams can emit terahertz (THz) pulses using coherent transition radiation (CTR). Michelson interferometer* is one of candidates for analyzing the pulse width of an electron beam based on frequency-domain analysis. Recently, electron beam measurement using a photoconductive antenna (PCA)** based on time-domain analysis has been investigated. In this presentation, measurement of femtosecond electron beam with 35 MeV energy and < 1 nC from a photocathode based linac will be reported. Frequency- and time- domain analysis of THz pulse of CTR by combining the interferometer and PCA will be carried out., Proceedings of the North American Particle Accelerator Conf., NAPAC2016, Chicago, IL, USA

Generation and diagnosis of ultrashort electron bunches are one of the main topics of accelerator physics and applications in related scientific fields. In this study, ultrashort electron bunches with bunch lengths of femtoseconds and bunch charges of picocoulombs were generated from a laser photocathode RF gun linac and an achromatic arc-type bunch compressor. Observing coherent transition radiation (CTR) emitted from the electron bunches using a Michelson interferometer, the interferograms of CTR were measured experimentally. The bunch lengths were diagnosed by performing a model-based analysis of the interferograms of CTR., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Beam Instrumentation Conf., IBIC2016, Barcelona, Spain

Ultrashort electron beams are essential for light sources and time-resolved measurements. Electron beams can emit terahertz (THz) pulses using coherent transition radiation (CTR). Michelson interferometer* is one of candidates for analyzing the pulse width of an electron beam based on frequency-domain analysis. Recently, electron beam measurement using a photoconductive antenna (PCA)** based on time-domain analysis has been investigated. The PCA with enhanced radial polarization characteristics enabled time-domain analysis for electron beam because of radially polarized THz pulse of CTR. In this presentation, measurement of femtosecond electron beam with 35 MeV energy and < 1 nC from a photocathode based linac will be reported. Frequency- and time- domain analysis of THz pulse of CTR by combining the interferometer and PCA will be carried out., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Beam Instrumentation Conf., IBIC2016, Barcelona, Spain

The Wenchuan earthquake-hit area is located in the Upper Yangtze River,which is the main distribution area of Giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China,and is one of the twenty-five hotspots for biodiversity conservation throughout the world defined by Conservation International,providing some important ecological service functions such as biological diversity conservation,water conservation,soil conservation and so on.Meanwhile,it plays an important role in ensuring regional ecological security.However,the eco-environment suffered from severe destruction in the Wenchuan 5.12 earthquake.In order to protect biological diversity in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit area,it is necessary for us to identify the hotspots for biodiversity conservation,which is of vital realistic significance for the government to devote efforts to reconstruction and is beneficial to optimum resource allocation.Firstly,we calculated the integrated biodiversity index and analyzed the spatial distribution of biodiversity,and then applied the index to determine the biodiversity hotspots by spatial analysis.The hotspots established by the spatial correlation method generally are consistent with the conservation priority area based on the Marxan model.The hotspots account for 76% of the existing nature reserve and the hotspots in Nature Reserve account for 55% of all existing Nature Reserves in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit area,and the total habitat area of all indicator species in the hotspots accounts for about 70% of the whole earthquake-hit area.The verification showed that the spatial correlation method is a reasonable method which can be applied to establishing hotspots.Furthermore,we also found that the spatial correlation analysis method of identifying hotspots is able to overcome the deficiency that the priority area based on the Marxan model is too discrete and islanding.Moreover,the results also showed that there are two biodiversity hotspots,i.e.,the Minshan region and southern Qionglai mountain region.Maoxian Country lies at the junction of the two hotspots in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit area,so it is recommended to set aside a certain natural area as an ecological corridor between these two biodiversity hotspots.The biodiversity hotspots identified by the spatial correlation method can provide the decision-making basis for biodiversity conservation and depressing the influence on biodiversity in the processes of restoration and reconstruction in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit area.

Autotoxicity is a specific form of allelopathy that causes a reduction in growth of individuals of the same species via the release of chemical substances into the soil or nutrient solution.Autotoxicity effects often are manifested as reduction in crop yield and difficulty with re-establishment of plants in fields because of low seed germination and poor seedling growth.Phenolic acids are important autotoxic compounds that hinder continuous cropping and thus their phytotoxicity has been studied intensively.By means of pot experiments,the autotoxicity of aqueous extracts from peanut plants and rhizospheric soil on germination and growth of peanut seedlings was tested.The phenolic acids in peanut rhizospheric soil,subject to rotational cropping or,continuous cropping for 2,4 and 6 years,were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Differences between treatments were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan′s new multiple range test.The aqueous extracts from different plant parts and rhizospheric soil inhibited seed germination to different degrees,and showed a concentration gradient effect on the inhibition of seed germination.Inhibition was stronger with increased extract concentration,and the inhibitory effect was highest at 16 parts aqueous extract to 10 parts deionized water(16 g/10 mL).At the lowest extract concentration of 4 g/10 mL,the seed germination percentage in the presence of soil,stem and leaf extracts was 60%,63% and 68%,respectively;the germination energy was 35%,12% and 12%;the germination index was 2.67,2.14 and 2.3;and the root length was 2.11 cm,1.97 cm and 1.69 cm.At the highest extract concentration of 16 g/10 mL,the germination percentage of soil,stem and leaf extracts was 47%,60% and 28%,respectively;the germination energy was 28%,2% and 0;the germination index was 2.09,1.84 and 0.86;and the root length was 1.83 cm,1.54 cm and 1.31 cm.The aqueous extracts showed different degrees of inhibition on plant growth,and an extract concentration gradient effect on growth inhibition was observed.Inhibition was stronger with increased extract concentration,and the inhibitory effect was highest with the 16 g/10 mL aqueous extracts.At the lowest extract concentration of 4 g/10 mL,plant height in the presence of soil,stem and leaf extracts was 10.70 cm,12.59 cm and 17.26 cm,respectively;the root length was 18.58 cm,14.78 cm and 15.67 cm;the plant fresh weight was 2.86 g,3.98 g and 5.77 g;the plant dry weight was 0.84 g,0.90 g and 0.96 g;and the leaf area was 12.01 cm2,16.10 cm2 and 28.55 cm2.At the highest extract concentration of 16 g/10 mL,the plant height in the presence of soil,stem and leaf extracts was 9.92 cm,12.03 cm and 16.10 cm,respectively;the root length was 15.60 cm,14.32 cm and 14.72 cm;the plant fresh weight was 2.68 g,3.86 g and 5.50 g;the plant dry weight was 0.71 g,0.80 g and 0.84 g;and the leaf area was 11.04 cm2,12.62 cm2 and 26.10 cm2.Peanut growth was affected by the presence of the autotoxic substances,and the impact on growth varied among aqueous extracts from different plant parts.The autotoxicity of stem aqueous extracts had the most significant impact on seed germination,plant height and leaf area.The autotoxicity of rhizospheric soil aqueous extracts had the most significant impact on plant root length,and plant fresh and dry weights.Four phenolic acids(p-hydroxybenzoic acid,vanillic acid,coumaric acid and coumarin) were detected in the rhizospheric soil extract and quantified by HPLC.Vanillic acid and coumarin contents were higher than those of the other phenolic acids and increased in concentration with number of years of continuous cropping.The amounts of vanillic acid and coumarin after cropping for 6 years were 0.289 μg/g dry soil and 0.025 μg/g dry soil,respectively.

An ultrafast detection technique on 100 fs time scales over sub-nanometer (even atomic) spatial dimensions has long been a goal for the scientists to reveal and understand the ultrafast structural-change induced dynamics in materials. In this paper, the generation of femtosecond electron pulses using the RF gun and the first prototype of femtosecond time-resolved relativistic-energy ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) are reported. Finally, both relativistic-energy electron diffraction and image measurements in the UEM prototype are presented., Proceedings of the 7th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2016, Busan, Korea

Ultrashort electron beams are essential for light sources and time-resolved measurements. Electron beams can emit terahertz (THz) pulses using coherent transition radiation (CTR). Michelson interferometer is one of can-didates for analyzing the pulse width of an electron beam based on frequency-domain analysis. Recently, electron beam measurement using a photoconductive antenna (PCA) based on time-domain analysis has been investi-gated. In this paper, to improve beam diagnostics of ul-trashort electron beam, investigation of characteristics of a PCA for generation and frequency and time-domain measurement of THz pulses was conducted., Proceedings of the 7th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2016, Busan, Korea

Ultrashort electron bunches have been applied in many scientific fields including accelerator physics and radiation chemistry. Pulse radiolysis is application in radiation chemistry, which is a pump-probe measurement using an electron bunch and a laser pulse. Our laboratory aims to generate the electron bunches with durations of less-than femtoseconds using an S-band linear accelerator (linac) at Osaka University in order to improve the time resolution of the pulse radiolysis system. Recently, the linac system was relocated for expanding application using ultrashort electron bunches. The parameters of generated electron bunches including the bunch lengths will be reported., Proceedings of the 7th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2016, Busan, Korea

Ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) would be a powerful tool for the direct visualization of structural dynamic processes in matter. The resolutions of the observation on femtosecond time scales over sub-nanometer (even atomic) spatial dimensions have long been a goal in science. To achieve such resolutions, we have designed and constructed a femtosecond time-resolved relativistic-energy electron microscopy using a photocathode radio-frequency (RF) electron gun (RF based UEM). The RF gun has successfully generated a high-brightness electron beam with bunch length of 100 fs and emittance of 0.2 mm-mrad, which are essential beam parameters for the achievement of nm-fs space-time resolution in the microscopy. Both the static measurements of both relativistic-energy electron diffraction and image have been succeeded. In this presentation, the activities on RF based UEM are introduced. The requirements and limitations of the beam parameters are reviewed. The concept and design of RF based UEM are reported. Finally, some demonstrations of the relativistic-energy UEM images are reported., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

Ultrashort electron bunches with durations of femtoseconds and attoseconds are essential for time-resolved measurements, including pulse radiolysis and ultrafast electron microscopy. However, generation of the ultrashort electron bunches is commonly difficult because of bunch length growth due to space charge effect, nonlinear momentum dispersion and so on. Several bunch length measurement methods for the ultrashort electron beams have also been considered so far, which have not been established yet. In this study, the femtosecond electron beams were generated using a laser photocathode radio-frequency gun linac and a magnetic bunch compressor. The bunch length measurement was carried out using a Michelson interferometer based on monitoring coherent transition radiation (CTR), which is characterized by square modulus of the Fourier transform of the longitudinal bunch distribution. Analyzing the experimentally obtained interferograms of CTR, the electron beams with the average duration of 5 fs were generated and measured successfully at the condition of bunch charge of 1 pC. Consideration of the longitudinal bunch shapes was also carried out using the Kramers-Kronig relation., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

Ultrashort electron bunches are essential for time-resolved measurement methods such as pulse radiolysis* from the viewpoint of time resolutions. On the other hand, generation of electro-magnetic wave in the THz range using short electron bunches has been investigated**. Frequency spectra of coherent transition radiation (CTR) emitted by an electron bunch depend on bunch form factor (BFF), which is expressed by Fourier coefficients of longitudinal distribution in the electron bunch. In this study, the bunch length measurement was demonstrated by analyzing THz-waves generated by CTR. Femtosecond electron bunches were generated by a laser photocathode RF gun linac and magnetic bunch compressor. THz-waves generated by CTR, which was emitted on an interface of an aluminum mirror along the beam trajectory, were transported to a Michelson interferometer. The bunch length was measured by analyzing interferogram, which was an infrared detector output as a function of a moving mirror position. Finally, the bunch length was measured according to fitting curves for the interferogram near the centerburst***. Minimum bunch length of 1.3 fs was obtained at a bunch charge of ~1 pC., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

The first prototype of RF gun based relativistic-energy electron microscopy has been constructed at Osaka University to study ultrafast structural dynamic processes in matter. The RF gun driven by a femtosecond laser has generated a 100-fs-pulse MeV electron beam with emittance of 0.1 mm-mrad and energy spread of 10⁻⁴. Both the electron diffraction and image measurements have been succeeded in the prototype using the femtosecond electron beam. In the diffraction measurement, an excellent quality of diffraction pattern was acquired with electron number of 10⁶. The single-shot measurement is available in the prototype. In the image measurement, the TEM image was acquired with a total electron number of 10⁸. The magnification was 3,000 times. In the next step, we will reduce further the emittance to increase the beam brightness on the sample, and then improve the spatial resolution to, Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

Latin dance is one kind of the sports collected sports, dance, art. Its comprehensiveness, artistry are strong, and it has rich aesthetic content. It is not only romantic, and full of passion, but also has a vibrant form of artistic expression, loved by the people. According to the varied rhythm and rich rhyme, Latin dance is constituted by the combination of point and movement, static point and acting. Its movement has explosive contrast, turning, integrity, and thus gives a unique beauty of moment, process, changes and three-dimension, and an important factor to influence beauty is the expression. I. ORIGINATION OF LATIN DANCE The origination of Latin Dance is quite complex to trace back, each of its dances originated in different countries, with different backgrounds, history and development process, but most of them are derived from the Americas region, and that they are fusion of three cultures. Early in the 16th century, in order to get sufficient labor, European conquerors imported a large number of black Africans to the American continent. And in the 17th and 18th centuries, cultures from three continents have been gradually integrated in the American continent. Dance as the main entertainment for the people in the lower class, naturally also fully reflects the integration of this culture, and with the subsequent inflow of European court dance elements, these folk had been further standardized, evolved and improved. After World War II, Americans will spread these dances around the world, particularly in Europe, it is widely popular. Subsequently, these folk dances and Europeans were standardized and processed, and finally in 1960 the Latin dance was included in worldwide competitions, and is divided into rumba, samba, cha-cha, bull, cowboy. And all aspects such as dance, rhythm, also have a uniform requirement. Cuba is where Latin dance and Latin music began. Initially, the Latin music and dance was an expression of the harvest to celebrate the victory , then gradually developed a way for young people to each other to express affection. In the course of its development, because the action was too warm, too direct, Latin dance was excluded, but this did not

Pulse radiolysis, which utilizes a pump electron beam and a probe pulse, is a powerful tool that can be used for the time-resolved observation of ultrafast radiation-induced phenomena. Recently, double-decker pulse radiolysis* using visible probe pulses were demonstrated based on a photocathode RF gun driven by two UV pulses, which enabled synchronized pump electron beam and visible probe pulses. In this study, pulse radiolysis using terahertz (THz) probe pulses which were realized by the “double-decker” electron beams and dynamics of transient quasi-free electrons in semiconductors are presented., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

In recent years, Guangdong Power Grid Corporation has built the largest scale electric energy metering automation system in the country. The province’s 21 Power Supply Bureau have been building master metering automation systems. Because the data scattered in the 21 Power Supply Bureau’s master station, the data can not be the province’s electricity supply integrated display. There is an urgent need to construct a provincial master station, get the Power Supply Bureau’s master station data, process and integrated display the province-level data. In this paper, considering the actual situation of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation, we design and develop a Provincial master station of metering automation system of Guangdong Power Grid. We use advanced SOA and J2EE architecture, and apply a unified data format, get the power supply bureau’s master station data, calculate totals and overall show. After two years development and construction, Provincial Master Station of Metering Automation System of Guangdong Power Grid achieved good effect for the Guangdong Power Grid production and marketing business.

Based on China AVS standard, this paper proposed a method of built-in video watermark technology. Authentication information was generated from I frame as the watermark, and is embedded into selected positions of later P-, B-frames. An algorithm was designed and introduced in this paper to verify the video modification status via abstracted watermark. Dependent on feature of credible encoding/decoding of AVS video, besides appropriate watermark robustness could be guaranteed, this method can minimize the watermark capacity and can reduce the impact on video, as well as detection sensitivity for video tampering of watermark algorithm could be guaranteed. The test results show that the technology proposed by this paper has almost zero effect on vision and encoding efficiency, while also can detect the position of the tampering precisely.

Femtosecond electron beam pulse radiolysis which has time resolution of 250 fs was achieved by a Photocathode RF gun LINAC in the ISIR, Osaka University. And geminate ion recombination (charged pair dynamics) in n-dodecane was studied. Kinetics of the Radical cation of n-dodecane was measured. As a result, the existence of the excited-radical cation, and generation of the radical cation via relaxation from the excited-radical cation were suggested. Those new results were obtained in the field of the radiation chemistry by the photocathode RF gun., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan

Time resolution of pulse radiolysis, which is a stroboscopic measurement technique, depends on electron bunch length. In order to improve the time resolution, femtosecond electron bunch generation at photocathode rf gun was investigated. A 1.6-cell S-band photocathode rf gun, similar to the Gun IV type at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), was used. The rf gun consisted of a half cell and a full cell. A copper cathode was located in the half cell. The rf gun was driven by femtosecond UV laser pulse (266 nm), which was generated with third-harmonic-generation (THG) of Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser (800 nm). The longitudinal and transverse dynamics of the electron bunch generated by the UV laser was investigated. The bunch length was measured with the dependence of energy spread on acceleration phase in a linac, which was set at the downstream of the rf gun. Transverse emittance at the linac exit was also measured with Q-scan method., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan

Both ultrafast time-resolved radiolysis and electron diffraction based on photocathode rf electron guns have been developed in Osaka University to reveal the hidden dynamics of intricate molecular and atomic processes in materials. One of the photocathode rf guns has been used successfully to produce a 100-fs high-brightness electron single bunch with a booster linear accelerator and a magnetic bunch compressor. The time resolution of 240 fs was achieved at the first time in the pulse radiolysis. Another photocathode rf gun, which produces directly a near-relativistic 100-fs electron beam, has been developed to construct femtosecond electron diffraction. The megavolt electron diffraction patterns have been observed. The dependences of the emittance, bunch length and energy spread on the radio-frequency (rf) and space charge effects in the rf gun were investigated., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan

The microstructural changes of a warm rolled AlLi alloy occurring during static annealing and superplastic deformation at 515°C were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. Deformation induces a continuous recrystallization with a rapid subgrain growth and a rapid increase in boundary misorientations. The higher strain rate results in a faster subgrain growth and a finer recrystallized grain size. The increasing rate of boundary misorientations and the strain at which the average misorientation reaches about 20° increase with increasing strain rate. The increase in boundary misorientations is proportional to the subgrain growth during the whole static annealing process. Deformation results in a more rapid increase in boundary misorientation with subgrain size than static annealing. Dislocation gliding plays an important role before the formation of high angle grain boundaries during superplastic deformation. The absorption of dislocations into subgrain boundaries results in a more rapid increase in boundary misorientation during deformation. Thus, the mechanism of the deformation-induced continuous recrystallization is suggested to be the generation of dislocations in grains and the absorption of gliding dislocations into subgrain boundaries.

Fine grain size is one of the essential conditions for polycrystalline materials to have superplasticity. Several methods are available for grain refinement. Recrystallization has been used extensively for the grain refinement of superplastic quasi-single-phase aluminium base alloys. One of the characteristics of superplastic deformation is that the fine grain sizes do not change substantially even after several hundreds of per cent strain [1, 2]. The grain size stabilization provided by the precipitate pinning has been widely used as an explanation of the above characteristic. An early suggestion has also been made that recrystallization plays an important role in grain size stabilization during the deformation of superplastic alloys [3, 4]. Deform-induced recrystallization during the initial stage of superplastic deformation of a warm-rolled AI-Li base alloy has been well known [5, 6]. Chokshi et al. [7] have found that the coarse surface grains formed by annealing before the tensile testing of an AI-Li base alloy recrystallized dynamically to produce a fine-grained microstructure on the surface of the specimen. This letter deals with the microstructural changes of a warm-rolled AI-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy during superplastic deformation by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is demonstrated that the fine recrystallized grains formed by deformationinduced recrystallization during the initial stage of superplastic deformation recrystallize dynamically and repeatedly during the following stable superplastic deformation. The AI-Li base alloy and the deformation conditions used in this study were the same as those described in [8]. Microstructural studies were conducted on the specimens which were unloaded from superplastic tensile tests at a constant strain rate of 3 x 10-4s -1 by interrupting the test. For TEM observation the specimens were prepared by the conventional double-jetting method. A Philips CM12/STEM electron microscope was used to study the internal structure of the specimen. The misorientations of the grain boundaries of different specimens were measured by a simple and convenient method innovated by Liu [9], and more than 100 boundaries were measured for one specimen. Histograms were plotted to show the changes of misorientations occurring during superplastic deformation. The microstructure of the warm-rolled alloy is shown in Fig. la. On heating to the superplastic test temperature (515 °C) for about 5 rain, a subgrain structure was developed which was approximately 2/xm in average diameter (Fig. lb) and the misorientations between the subgrains was within a few degrees (Fig. lc). Fig. 2 shows the changes of the misorientations of grain boundaries with the strain during superplastic deformation at a strain rate of 3 x 10 .4 s -1. These histograms of misorientations indicate a progressive shift to higher misorientations with strain, with an

A temporal electric field profile, which is a radially polarized terahertz (THz) pulse from an electron bunch, was measured by a large-aperture photoconductive antenna (PCA) with micro-structured concentric electrodes* for the detection of THz pulses. Photo-induced charge carriers were generated by irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses on semiconductor plane of the electrodes on the PCA. Time-domain measurement of coherent transition radiation (CTR) was conducted by the measurement of electric-field-induced current output from the PCA with sweeping the timing of the laser irradiation. The measurements on femtosecond electron bunches of 32 MeV and >80 pC will be reported., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

Traffic sign detection is essential in autonomous driving. It is challenging especially when large proportion of instance to be detected are in small size. Directly applying state-of-the-art object detection algorithm Faster R-CNN for small traffic sign detection renders unsatisfactory detection rate, while a higher accuracy will be performed if the input images are upsampled. In this paper, we first investigate Faster R-CNN’s network architecture, and regard its weak performance on small instances as improper receptive field. Then we augment its architecture according to receptive field with a higher accuracy achieved and no obvious incremental computational cost. Experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of proposed method and give an comparison to the state-of-the-art detection algorithms on both accuracy and computational cost. The experimental results demonstrate an improved detection accuracy and an competitive computing speed of the proposed method.

In this paper, a simple but effective method is proposed for detecting salient objects by utilizing texture and local cues. In contrast to the existing saliency detection models, which mainly consider visual features such as orientation, color, and shape information, our proposed method takes the significant texture cue into consideration to guarantee the accuracy of the detected salient regions. Firstly, an effective method based on selective contrast (SC), which explores the most distinguishable component information in texture, is used to calculate the texture saliency map. Then, we detect local saliency by using a locality-constrained linear coding algorithm. Finally, the output saliency map is computed by integrating texture and local saliency cues simultaneously. Experimental results, based on a widely used and openly available database, demonstrate that the proposed method can produce competitive results and outperforms some existing popular methods.