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Background The effect of comorbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on coronary artery plaques examined by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is not fully understood. We aimed to comprehensively assess whether comorbid hypertension and T2DM influence coronary artery plaques using CCTA. Materials and methods A total of 1100 T2DM patients, namely, 277 normotensive [T2DM(HTN−)] and 823 hypertensive [T2DM(HTN +)] individuals, and 1048 normotensive patients without T2DM (control group) who had coronary plaques detected on CCTA were retrospectively enrolled. Plaque type, coronary stenosis, diseased vessels, the segment involvement score (SIS) and the segment stenosis score (SSS) based on CCTA data were evaluated and compared among the groups. Results Compared with patients in the control group, the patients in the T2DM(HTN−) and T2DM(HTN +) groups had more partially calcified plaques, noncalcified plaques, segments with obstructive stenosis, and diseased vessels, and a higher SIS and SSS (all P values 3 (OR = 2.233 and 3.769; both P values 5 (OR = 2.057 and 3.580; both P values 3 (OR = 1.647; P = 0.001) and an SSS > 5 (OR = 1.625; P = 0.001). Conclusion T2DM is related to the presence of partially calcified plaques, obstructive CAD, and more extensive coronary artery plaques. Comorbid hypertension and diabetes further increase the risk of partially calcified plaques, and more extensive coronary artery plaques.

Additional file 2. Additional Tables S1–S6 and Figures S1–S2.

Additional file 3: Table S1. Reproducibility about intragroup correlation coefficient of LV strains via CMR tissue-tracking technique.

Additional file 1: Table S1. ASCVD Risk Categories and LDL-C Treatment Goals. Table S2. CT scanning parameters. Table S3. Association between risk factors, CAC increase and annual increase in total, calcified, noncalcified, and low-density noncalcified plaque volume. Table S4. Inter- and intra-observer variability of CACs and compositional PV.

Additional file 1: Additional information about the feature selection process.

Additional file 1. Details of the search strategy for different databases.

Pearlite transformation and its re-austenitization process, which involve triple phases and dual phase interfaces, have been considered difficult phase transformation processes. Thus, the mechanism and physical nature of them are waiting to be studied. The partition of carbon and substitutional alloying element M during transformation by integrating the previous results were clarified. Moreover, the application of phase field method in the pearlite transformation was introduced. Based on the large amount of the experimental and calculated results, the influence of the inhomogenous microstructure and composition on the re-austenitization from pearlite were further discussed. Partitional and non-partitional transformed temperature (PNTT), which is due to the large difference of diffusion coefficient between C and M, was further studied. Based on this, a new heat treatment of near-eutectoid Mn-contained steel has been put forward. The segregation of Mn in retained austenite can be significantly improved compared to the traditional Q&P treatment, and then the stability of the retained austenite can be enhanced and the guidance can be provided for controlling the martensite/austenite dual phase microstructure more systematically.

The object of study in this paper is the Faiveley CX-PG pantograph. We first used the large-eddy simulation (LES) model to simulate the surrounding fluctuating flow field. We then identified the vortex structures in the flow field of the pantograph via the Q criterion, and performed a Fourier transform on the fluctuating pressure. We finally used the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation to predict the far-field radiation noise of the pantograph. Through these steps, we explored the vortex structures in the flow field of the pantograph, aeroacoustic performance of the pantograph's main components, and the relationship between them, and proposed corresponding acoustic optimization countermeasures. The results showed that the vortex structures in the flow field of the pantograph varied with time and had a certain periodicity, and that the sound source intensity of the pantograph was mainly distributed in the bottom frame, three insulators, balance beam, upper arm frame, and lower arm. The sound source energy of these components accounted for approximately 92% of the total energy; the influencing factors for the aerodynamic sound source intensity of the pantograph included the shedding positions and vorticities of the vortex structures as well as whether it was located in the wake of the vortex structures. The aerodynamic noise of the pantograph could be effectively controlled by adjusting the vortex shedding position, reducing the vorticities of the vortex structures, increasing the distance between the mutually interfering components, setting the diversion structure to control the discharge area of the vortex structures. The sound source energy of the bottom frame area accounted for more than 50% of the total energy; a settlement platform or shroud could be installed to effectively control the noise in the area, thereby effectively reducing the noise radiated by the pantograph. The simulation results in this paper were in good agreement with the wind tunnel test results and theoretical results, and can provide a reference for the optimal design of future acoustics for the pantograph.

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Kaplan-Meier curves showing the survival outcomes of all cases. A. Overall survival between patients with high and low TMB; B. Disease-free survival between patients with high and low TMB; C. Overall survival between patients of clustering group A and B; D. Disease-free survival between patients of clustering group A and B. TMB: Tumor mutation burden. Fig. S2. Correlation analysis among radiomic features sequentially selected by univariate Logistic regression (A), LASSO regression (B) and backward elimination regression (C). Each value represents the correlation coefficient between two radiomic features.

Additional file 1: Additional information about scanning protocol and radiomics features.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline factors between those of clustering group A and B.

Additional file 1: Table S1. CCTA findings and clinical information of the 8 patients with major adverse clinical events (MACE).

Additional file 1: Table S1. Intra-observer and Inter-observer variability of perfusion parameters.

Supplemental material, Supplementary material, for Analysis on the Constituents of Branches, Berries, and Leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L. by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities by Wen-Hui Zheng, Hai-Ying Bai, Shu Han, Fang Bao, Kai-Xue Zhang, Li-Li Sun, Hong Du, and Zhi-Gang Yang in Natural Product Communications

This essay presents the design method of applying ultrasonic levitation bearing to high-speed motor and using single supporting rotor of ultrasonic levitation high-speed motor. It adopts piezoelectric transducer, the permanent magnet synchronous motor spindle; the radiation surface of transducer and the levitation support cap of the spindle adopt the conical structure with the same taper. It ensures that the spindle is highly automatic centering when it rotates at the high speed. The test results show that the spindle runs smoothly without having contact friction noise and problems of torque fluctuation and radial vibration caused by the electromagnetic coupling, when the output power of the ultrasonic power supply is at 500w, the speed of the spindle is over 20000rpm, and the levitation clearance is more than 100nm, which is more than the sum of roughness Ra for two contact surfaces.

This essay presents the theory about the levitation support of the ultrasonic vibration for the motor rotor, designs an ultrasonic levitation support structure, and theoretically calculates the levitation force by adopting the conical radiation surface to provide the levitation support for the motor rotor. By using the designed device, this essay analyzes and tests the bearing capacity, obtains the relationship between the levitation force and the levitation clearance, and conducts the experimental studies to the relationship between the highest speed of the rotor and the levitation clearance. The results show that the ultrasonic vibration can enhance the supporting effect and increase the maximum speed of the rotor by reducing the clearance, therefore achieve the levitation of the rotor.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is recognized as being a life-threatening event. Both microvascular obstruction (MVO) and intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) have been recognized as poor prognostic factors in myocardial infarct (MI) since they adversely affect left ventricular remodeling. MVO refers to small vessels changes that prevent adequate tissue perfusion despite revascularization whereas IMH is a severe form of MVO. A limited number of studies have demonstrated the segmental intervention time and the clinical factors in the presence of MVO and IMH. Therefore, we aimed in this study to determine the correlations of the intervention-associated and clinical indexes with malignant cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) signs in patients with AMI. Sixty-three patients with STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) within 12 hours were included in this study. A 3.0-T CMR scan was prescribed, and the subsequent image analysis was conducted by researchers blinded to the clinical index results. Late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T2∗ sequences were mainly used for MVO and IMH identification and quantification. Patients exhibiting both MVO and IMH had the highest level of LGE (P

Correlation between the occurrence of post-coarctation aortic dilation and associated factors. (DOCX 22 kb)

Correlation between the occurrence of ascending aortic dilation and associated factors. (DOCX 16 kb)

Additional file 1. The short-axis and four-chamber long-axis LGE images showed no delayed enhancement, demonstrating that the T2DM patient (corresponding to Fig. 1) have no silent ischemia.

As the fatigue life of a piezoelectric actuator is relative to the service life of a piezoelectric pump,this paper carries out a fatigue life-related research.First,times of stress cycle corresponding to the ultimate stress is experimentally acquired when Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT-5)ceramics suffers from the fatigue failure under an electro-mechanical coupling field.The number of samples selected at different levels of stress in the above experiment are discriminated and corrected by using the coefficient of variation.After data processing,a p-S-N double logarithm curve and its linear regression equation are obtained with the safety life at different levels of stress under conditions of 95% degree of confidence and 99.9% livability calculated respectively,which offers important and necessary data for the fatigue life calculation of piezoelectric actuator.Finally,the fatigue life of the piezoelectric actuator of a certain resonance-type air pump is calculated to be 4461 h with safety factor 1.25 by using ansys and hypothesis of fatigue damage accumulation.These results perfect the technical parameters of this air pump and the fatigue data,and the calculation method can be applied to the fatigue calculation of PZT-5 actuator in other kinds of piezoelectric pumps.

AIM To evaluate the differential diagnostic potential of lesion stiffness assessed by the sonoelastographic strain index ratio (SR) and elastographic color scoring system (UE) for breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred and forty two breast masses (158 benign and 184 malignant) from 325 consecutive patients (mean age 44.2 years; range 16-81)who had been scheduled for a sonographically guided core biopsy were examined with grey scale sonography,doppler sonography and sonoelastography. Each lesion was classified with ACR's BI-RADS assessment category (2, 3 and 4A=Benign and; 4B, 4C, 5=Malignant) and the 5-point scoring system proposed by Itoh et al, with scoring 1-3=benign and 4-5=malignant. Strain and area ratios of each lesion were calculated within the same machine. Histological diagnosis was used as the reference standard. The area under the curve (AUC) and cut-off point were obtained by receiver operating curve and the cross table Fischer Test was carried out for assessing diagnostic value. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy and false-discovery rates were compared. RESULTS The mean strain ratios for benign and malignant lesions were 1.87 and 7.9 respectively. (P

On the basis of principles of vibrating piezoelectric vibrators to syntonize the connected diaphragms,a piezoelectric resonant air pump with a magnetic spring was proposed to improve the driving ability of the piezoelectric pump for gas moving.First,the working principle of the piezoelectric resonant air pump with magnetic spring was analysed,a dynamic model of the pump resonance was established and the main factors effecting the membrane amplitude were obtained.Then,a prototype was designed and the resonance frequency of the system and the displacement magnification of the piezoelectric vibrator were measured by an impedance analyzer and a photovoltaic displacement sensor,respectively.Finally,a testing facility to measure the volume and output pressure of the resonance pump was developed and the effects of the axial distance of magnetic spring on the output volume and pressure were analyzed.Experimental results indicate that the amplification factor is 4.5 when the sinusoidal AC driving voltage,resonant frequency and the magnetic force of the axial spacing of the magnetic spring are 200 V,133 Hz and 9 mm,respectively.Moreover,the maximum flow rate is 524 ml/min and the maximum pressure is 9.2 kPa.Results demonstrate that the gas transportation capacity has been improved by using the proposed piezoelectric resonant air pump.

To get fatigue properties of the small and hard brittle components working at conditions of little amplitudes and high frequency forces,this paper presents a novel kind of resonance and high frequency fatigue testing machine driven by a piezoelectric vibrator(PZT、PLZT or PMN).First,the working principle of the piezoelectric resonance and high frequency fatigue testing machine was introduced,and the dynamic model of the machine was established and its systemic dynamic characteristics were obtained.Then,a prototype was designed and produced.Finally,the dynamic load on the specimen was measured by the prototype.The results indicate that the dynamic load on the specimen is 24.7-99.2 N by changing the AC voltage amplitude(100-250 V) and the thickness of the plate spring(1.1-0.6 mm).The prototype designed in this paper is suitable for the tensile and bending fatigue testing under conditions of little amplitudes and high frequency forces with the dynamic load mentioned above.

A Piezo-hydraulic Energy Harvester(PHEH) was presented based on solid-fluid coupling vibration to harvest low-frequency and high-level vibration energy,and its structure as well as working principle were introduced.With an established energy-conversion model,the influence factors on the piezo-hydraulic harvester were analyzed.The theoretic results show that the output performance of the PHEH depends on the vibration frequency/level,the structure and size of piezodisc/cylinder,liquid volume/performance,and system backpressure.The desired performance can not be achieved unless the above parameters are matched well.By a piezodisc with a diameter of 60 mm and a thickness of 0.9 mm and a cylinder with a diameter of 16 cm and a length of 100 cm,a PHVI was fabricated and tested by taking water as liquid medium at different frequencies/backpressures/exciter-amplitudes.The test results suggest that there is an optimal vibration frequency(8 Hz) for the PHEH to achieve the maximal output voltage,which rises with the increasing of backpressure and vibration level.In the case of unvaried other parameters,the achieved voltage from the PHEH under 0.4 MPa is 1.65 times that under 0.2 MPa.

Since the introduction of computed tomography (CT), detection of small lung cancer, especially small peripheral adenocarcinoma, is common. Recently, the morphological characteristics, including thin-section CT and pathologic findings, and prognosis of small peripheral lung adenocarcinomas have been studied extensively. The radiologic and microscopic findings correlate well with each other and are closely associated with tumour prognosis. Most importantly, some subtypes of small lung adenocarcinomas with specific CT or pathologic features are curable. Therefore, all defining characteristics (CT, pathologic and prognostic) of this kind of tumour should be integrated to improve our understanding, provide guidelines for management and accurately assess its prognosis.

The sucking outflow phenomena of a passive piezoelectric pump under the square wave driving is studied and a hydrodynamics model and a vibration model of the passive piezoelectric pump are built to analyze theoretically the physical process of the sucking outflow process.Then,an open height formula of the exiting valve in sucking processing is derived.The open height of the piezoelectric pump is measured during the sucking outflow process under different frequencies of 0.4,0.8,6,45 Hz,and the other factors effecting on the sucking outflow in the formula are verified.In the theoretical analysis,it points out that the flow inertia is the root cause for the outflow sucking phenomena,and the inertial flow also exists during the draining process.The experiment indicates that when the piezoelectric frequency increases,the open height of the exiting valve during sucking process decreases.When the exiting valve rigidity and the loadings in input and output increase,the outflow decreases.The results above are coincident with the formula well.It concludes that the output flow of the piezoelectric pump should include two parts: cubage flow and inertial flow,which should be considered in the same time when the flow of the piezoelectric pump is controlled precisely.

The single safety factor criteria for slope stability evaluation, derived from the rigid limit equilibrium method or finite element method (FEM), may not include some important information, especially for steep slopes with complex geological conditions. This paper presents a new reliability method that uses sample weight analysis. Based on the distribution characteristics of random variables, the minimal sample size of every random variable is extracted according to a small sample t-distribution under a certain expected value, and the weight coefficient of each extracted sample is considered to be its contribution to the random variables. Then, the weight coefficients of the random sample combinations are determined using the Bayes formula, and different sample combinations are taken as the input for slope stability analysis. According to one-to-one mapping between the input sample combination and the output safety coefficient, the reliability index of slope stability can be obtained with the multiplication principle. Slope stability analysis of the left bank of the Baihetan Project is used as an example, and the analysis results show that the present method is reasonable and practicable for the reliability analysis of steep slopes with complex geological conditions.

A new type of piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve system was proposed. And then multilayer piezoelectric actuator based on new piezoelectric ceramic material was used as the electricity-machine converter of the proposed piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve. The proposed piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve has ascendant performance compared with conventional ones. But the system is of high nonlinearity and uncertainty, it cannot achieve favorable control performance by conventional control method. To develop an efficient way to control piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve system, a high-precise fuzzy control method with hysteresis nonlinear model in feedforward loop was proposed. The control method is separated into two parts: a feedforward loop with Preisach hysteresis nonlinear model and a feedback loop with high-precise fuzzy control. Experimental results show that the hysteresis loop and the maximum output hysteresis by the PID control method are 4.22% and 2.11 μm, respectively; the hysteresis loop and the maximum output hysteresis by the proposed control method respectively are 0.74% and 0.37 μm, respectively; the maximum tracking error by the PID control method for sine wave reference signal is about 5.02%, the maximum tracking error by the proposed control method for sine wave reference signal is about 0.85%.

A novel piezoelectric (PZT) precision step rotary actuator was developed on the basis of PZT technology. It adopts the principle of bionics and works with an inside anchoring/loosening of the stator and a distortion structure of the uniformly distributed thin flexible hinge to solve problems such as ineffective anchoring/loosening, low step rotary frequency, small travel, poor resolution, low speed and unsteady output. The developed actuator is characterized by high frequency (30 Hz), high speed (380 μrad/s), large travel (>270°), high resolution (1 μrad/step), and work stability. It greatly improves the ability to drive the existing PZT step rotary actuator. The new actuator can be applied in the field of micromanipulation and precision engineering, including precision driving and positioning and optics engineering.

A new precise actuator is proposed, which is actuated by the impact force of an end-loaded piezoelectric bimorph cantilever, and bears two degrees of freedom for translation and rotation. The dynamic characteristics of the piezoelectric bimorph were analyzed by FEM, and are further proved by experimental tests. A new control system for the actuator was put forward and tested, which is called the fixed-frequency with adjustable voltage. In addition, the actuator’s performance of translation and rotation were both measured. The results demonstrate that the actuator is characterized by a simple structure, large movement range, strong driving ability and high positioning resolution. Its cost is estimated at only 1% of the traditional impact actuators.

A piezoelectric actuated prestage driver of hydraulic servo valves for the low-frequency response of electrohydraulic servo valve electromagnetic prestage driver was presented. The new driver was driven by piezoelectric multilayer actuators. The displacement of a piezoelectric multilayer actuator was amplified by a flexure-hinged amplifier based on the principles of triangle amplification. Static and dynamic characteristics were tested on the model machine. The characteristics of good linearity, high resolution, and high-frequency response were approved. The natural frequency reached 1.201–kHz using finite element analysis, and the practice measurement result was 1–kHz.

With a micropump, the release rate of drug delivery is able to be controlled easily to maintain the therapeutic efficacy. A high-performance piezoelectric cantilever-valve micropump was investigated for this purpose. The effect of valves on the output performance of the PZT micropump was analyzed at first. With taking into account the influence of liquid added mass and added damping on the natural frequency of the valves and actuator, the design method of the cantilever valve was presented. Two micropumps were designed and fabricated for comparing experiments. The micropump with cantilever valves 2.5 mm in length obtained higher output values (the maximum flow rate and backpressure is 3.5 ml/min and 27 kPa, respectively) and had two optimal frequencies (0.8 and 3 kHz). While the micropump with cantilever valves 4.5 mm in length had only one optimal frequency (0.2 kHz), at which the micropump achieved lower output values (the maximum flow rate and backpressure is 3.0 ml/min and 9 kPa, respectively). The study results suggest that the output values and optimal frequency of micropump can be improved by the design of the cantilever valves.

The performance of ultrasound elastography in the characterization of 170 breast lesions with histologic correlation was evaluated in 150 consecutive patients who were diagnosed as having benign or malignant masses on B mode sonography. Each lesion was classified with ACR's BI-RADS lexicon (benign=2 and 3, malignant 4 and 5) using Ueno elastography classification scores (benign=1-3, malignant=4-5). Of the 170 lesions, 70 were histologically malignant, and 100 were benign. Ultrasound elastography was superior in detecting breast cancer, since the accuracy (95.8%), sensitivity (98.6%), specificity (96.0%), and positive predictive values (94.5%) were higher than those of B mode sonography (90.6%, 91.4%, 90.0% and 86.5% respectively). The sensitivity (98.57%) and false discovery rate (1.1%), when both modalities were jointly used (sonography and /UE) was better then those of sonography and UE singly. However, the specificity (90%) was found similar to sonography. In conclusion, ultrasound elastography is superior to B mode sonography in assessing the nature of breast lesions.

The framework of the Web-based typical mechanical manufacture process management system is studied in details with using for reference of the research production of contemporary technology and process management and designing for technology and process management information and getting down to practicality demand for typical process of manufacturing enterprises. And the expression of the ontology-based typical mechanical manufacture process, and the technologies of process collaborative organized and retrieval are discussed.

The optimization modeles of production decision are established based on the production management levels. The production decision modeles are divided as distributed production decision, integrated production decision, product master production decision and shop floor decision. Top-down and level by level, each optimization model of production decision is constructed with the linear programming method and according to its optimized object. The output of preceding level is used as the input of next level behind it. MATLAB and EXCEL are used in order to complete the solution of production decisions. It is greatly enhanced that the enterprise quick response ability of changes of market needs and manufacturing resources. And it is reduced that the labor intensity of production decisions.

Fragile Watermarking could provide an effective solution for both the authentication of image content and the detection of any changes in image. This article puts forward an algorithm of restorable and fragile Watermarking based on fractal compression and differentials record theory. Three components (R. G. B) of a colorful image are processed respectively by fractal compression. In view of cone cells of vision have some differences in sensitivity to color, the compressed data have been stored in B component to restore the colorful image and the R component and G component have been processed with differentials record theory for the detection of any change in image. The presentation of modification precisely approaches pixel-level with the help of the algorithm, and the results of tests have proved a good restorability of this algorithm.

A new piezoelectric/ electrorheological hybrid hydraulic ultra-precision step actuator that uses a hybrid mode of piezoelectric stack pump hydro-drive and electrorheological valve control to the precision hydraulic cylinder is presented. It achieves high frequency, ultra-precision hydraulic step drive. The working principle of the step actuator is analyzed and its experimental characteristics are tested. Experiments show that the piezoelectric/ electrorheological cooperate ultra-precision hydraulic step actuator provides new theory and method to the development of precision step actuator with high resolution and large remove, high-speed, big load ability, it provide a basic research reference in the field of ultra-precision drive technology.

A new method to realize the impact movement by changing the friction is proposed. Based on the match of inertial impact and the friction, a nano drive actuator driven by the piezoelectric bimorphs is designed, which is actuated by the symmetry electrical wave. The performance experimentation and analysis of the actuator under different driving frequency, voltage and loading are done. The experiments show that simple symmetry electrical wave makes the mechanism move reliably. The actuator's stoke is not limited. The pointing accuracy achieves ±1μm. The maximum speed reaches 5mm/s and the the effective driving force is 10N. Based on the actuator's performance it is expected to be used in precise position area such as optoelectronics devices.

usc Refereed/Peer-reviewed