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Ferroptosis is a new cell death process characterized by massive iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of tumorigenesis. Targeting it is a potentially effective cancer prevention and treatment strategy in the clinic. A comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms of targeting ferroptosis in cancer by natural products needs to be re-summarized and updated due to the advances in research. We searched and reviewed relevant literature through the database Web of Science, mainly focusing on the regulatory effects of natural products and their active compounds in treating or preventing cancer by regulating ferroptosis. A total of 62 kinds of natural products and their active compounds were reported to exert antitumor effects via causing ferroptosis of cancer cells by regulating the System Xc−-GPX4 axis and lipid, mitochondrial, and iron metabolism. Natural products have advantages in improving chemotherapy’s therapeutic effects by causing cancer cell ferroptosis through their polypharmacological actions. These molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis regulation by natural products will pave the way for developing natural antitumor drugs based on regulating ferroptosis.

It is particularly important to study the impediments to the promotion of green finance in less developed regions to help promote the promotion of green finance. Through literature analysis, case studies and expert interviews, this paper thoroughly explores thirteen impediments to green finance promotion in less developed regions at four levels, and constructs an explanatory model (ISM) to elucidate the four-level recursive correlations among the factors, and uses the cross-influence matrix multiplication method (MICMAC) to study the driving forces and dependencies of these various factors, as well as their interaction mechanisms. The results show that: backward corporate awareness and green finance policies are the bottom-level factors that are barriers to the diffusion of green finance in less developed regions, with the new crown pneumonia epidemic, government finance and financing costs having various degrees of influence.

When making glass products, adding fluxes with different chemical compositions can form different glass types. Affected by the burial environment, the composition proportion of ancient glass products will change over time, thus affecting the correct judgment of their types. Based on decision tree, traversal K-prototype algorithm, grey correlation analysis and other methods, this paper studies and analyzes the classification and identification related to glass weathering and the statistics of chemical composition laws, the relationship between the surface weathering of glass relics and the glass type, decoration and color is analyzed. In this paper, after data pretreatment, the surface weathering and the other three indicators are preliminarily observed through contingency analysis, and then the correlation between the variables is further clarified by using the chi-square test. It is found that the surface weathering is significantly related to the overall glass type, and lead barium glass is more prone to surface weathering than high potassium glass; There is no obvious correlation between surface weathering and decoration and color. Then, according to the glass types, the glass relics are divided into four glass types: lead-barium weathering/non-weathering, high-potassium weathering/non-weathering, and the statistical analysis is established after the pretreatment of the chemical composition of these four types. Then, combined with the independence t-test, we can further obtain the specific element differences, and give a ranking table of the degree of influence. Finally, based on the above statistical exploration, the model of chemical composition law of glass relics before weathering is built according to the mechanism analysis of the four composition laws of high-potassium glass Si and its chemical composition that significantly affects the weathering, the chemical composition that significantly affects the weathering of lead-barium glass, and the chemical composition that has no effect on the weathering of glass. According to the test data of weathering point, the prediction table of chemical composition content before weathering is given. The interval test of the model results shows that the failure rate of high potassium prediction is high. The revised model of chemical composition law of glass relics before weathering is obtained by analyzing and considering the modification of the value rule of high potassium Si.

Objective: To analyze serum vitamin D levels in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by flow cytometry and to investigate the relationship between hypovitaminosis D status and hyperactivation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling in ccRCC. Methods: Eighty patients diagnosed with ccRCC by our oncology department from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as study subjects, and the control subjects were selected from patients who were receiving health check-up from our hospital (matched according to case group:control group, 1:2), with 160 healthy patients. All serum samples collected from the case-control subjects were allowed to stand for 1–2 hours, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and stored in a -80°C refrigerator, from which they were removed and thawed to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels. Results: The blood calcium level of patients in the cancer group was significantly lower than that of patients in the non-cancer group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The IL-6 level of the cancer group was significantly higher than that of the non-cancer group. In high vitamin D state, the IL-6 level of the non-cancer group was higher than that of the cancer group, and the average concentration of IL-6 in both the cancer group and the non-cancer group was significantly higher in low vitamin D state compared with high vitamin D state (P < 0.05); the correlation between hypovitaminosis D status and renal Ki-67 was found to be positive. Conclusion: The results showed that serum IL-6 levels were elevated in the cancer group and circulating serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with IL-6 levels. In addition, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in RCC tissues was activated in ccRCC patients and in those with low vitamin D status among the cancer group and was higher than that in those with high vitamin D status. These results suggest that hypovitaminosis D status in ccRCC patients is associated with activated IL-6/STAT3 signaling and the activation of tumor proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, and Ki-67.

The increasing discoveries of new species of the family Lucinidae in the last two decades indicated a surprising diversity of chemosynthetic lucinids in the deep sea, especially in the Indo-West Pacific. However, only a few records have been reported from the South China Sea. A new lucinid species Elliptiolucina subovalissp. nov. is here reported from a deep-sea cold seep site of the South China Sea. The new species is distinct from its congeners by possessing a strong anterior lateral tooth on the right valve and anterior tapering, subrectangular-oval shells. Sequences of three genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and CytB) were used to analyze its relationships with other species in the subfamily Myrteinae and confirm its taxonomic placement. The result supports the monophyly of Myrteinae but also demonstrates the polyphyly of Elliptiolucina. The new species has a close relationship with E. williamsae and Rostrilucina garuda, but is not closely related to congener E. ingens. By comparing morphological characters, we suggest that E. ingens should not belong to the genus Elliptiolucina. The basal two of three deep-sea clades recognized in Myrteinae may indicate the deep-sea origin of this subfamily. Our results add to the known diversity of deep-sea lucinids and molecular information for poorly studied Myrteinae and highlight the necessity of further investigation on deep-sea lucinids of the South China Sea.

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks have been prevalent on the Internet for decades. Albeit various defenses, they keep growing in size, frequency, and duration. The new network paradigm, Software-defined networking (SDN), is also vulnerable to DDoS attacks. SDN uses logically centralized control, bringing the advantages in maintaining a global network view and simplifying programmability. When attacks happen, the control path between the switches and their associated controllers may become congested due to their limited capacity. However, the data plane visibility of SDN provides new opportunities to defend against DDoS attacks in the cloud computing environment. To this end, we conduct measurements to evaluate the throughput of the software control agents on some of the hardware switches when they are under attacks. Then, we design a new mechanism, called Scotch , to enable the network to scale up its capability and handle the DDoS attack traffic. In our design, the congestion works as an indicator to trigger the mitigation mechanism. Scotch elastically scales up the control plane capacity by using an Open vSwitch-based overlay. Scotch takes advantage of both the high control plane capacity of a large number of vSwitches and the high data plane capacity of commodity physical switches to increase the SDN network scalability and resiliency under abnormal (e.g., DDoS attacks) traffic surges. We have implemented a prototype and experimentally evaluated Scotch . Our experiments in the small-scale lab environment and large-scale GENI testbed demonstrate that Scotch can elastically scale up the control channel bandwidth upon attacks.

Xiao-Hui Zhao, Hai-Liang Li, Chen-Yang Guo, Quan-Jun Yao, Wei-Li Xia, Hong-Tao Hu Department of Minimally-Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou City, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hong-Tao Hu, Department of Minimally-Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450008, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-135-9264-6376, Email huhongtaogy@163.comBackground and Objectives: Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with 125I seed implantation is an effective treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). However, there are no reports on the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) after downstaging in such patients. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of TACE in combination with 125I seed implantation and RFA for the treatment of HCC complicated by PVTT.Methods: 49 patients diagnosed with HCC with PVTT between February 2015 and December 2016 were included. All patients were clinically or pathologically diagnosed with advanced HCC, intrahepatic lesions ≤ 3, and a single tumor diameter ≤ 70 mm, total diameter ≤ 100 mm. PVTT was limited to the unilateral portal vein branches. All the patients were treated with TACE combined with PVTT 125I seed implantation. The size and activity of intrahepatic lesions and PVTT were evaluated using enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 3 months after treatment, and other indicators were combined to determine the success of downstaging.Results: A total of 31 patients were successfully downstaged, while 18 patients did not achieve downstaging owing to the progression of intrahepatic lesions or PVTT activity/progression, the success rate of the downstaging was 63.27%. All 31 patients with successful downstaging underwent RFA for intrahepatic lesions. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 90.3%, 80.6%, and 48.4%, respectively. The median overall survival was 36 months (95% CI: 24.7– 47.3).Conclusion: 125I seed implantation in combination with TACE can effectively inactivate PVTT and achieve downstaging. Furthermore, the addition of RFA can significantly improve patient survival.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, portal vein tumor thrombus, 125I seed, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, downstaging treatment

Objective: ASPP1 (apoptosis stimulating of p53 protein 1) is critical in regulating cell apoptosis as a cofactor of p53 to promote its transcriptional activity in the nucleus. However, whether cytoplasmic ASPP1 affects p53 nuclear trafficking and its role in cardiac diseases remains unknown. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which ASPP1 modulates p53 nuclear trafficking and the subsequent contribution to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods and Results: The immunofluorescent staining showed that under normal condition ASPP1 and p53 colocalized in the cytoplasm of neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes, while they were both upregulated and translocated to the nuclei upon hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment. The nuclear translocation of ASPP1 and p53 was interdependent, as knockdown of either ASPP1 or p53 attenuated nuclear translocation of the other one. Inhibition of importin-β1 resulted in the cytoplasmic sequestration of both p53 and ASPP1 in neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation stimulation. Overexpression of ASPP1 potentiated, whereas knockdown of ASPP1 inhibited the expression of Bax (Bcl2-associated X), PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), and Noxa, direct apoptosis-associated targets of p53. ASPP1 was also increased in the I/R myocardium. Cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic overexpression of ASPP1 aggravated I/R injury as indicated by increased infarct size and impaired cardiac function. Conversely, knockout of ASPP1 mitigated cardiac I/R injury. The same qualitative data were observed in neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Furthermore, inhibition of p53 significantly blunted the proapoptotic activity and detrimental effects of ASPP1 both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Binding of ASPP1 to p53 triggers their nuclear cotranslocation via importin-β1 that eventually exacerbates cardiac I/R injury. The findings imply that interfering the expression of ASPP1 or the interaction between ASPP1 and p53 to block their nuclear trafficking represents an important therapeutic strategy for cardiac I/R injury.

Hymenopteran parasitoids generally show a haplo-diploid sex determination system. Haploid males are produced from unfertilized eggs, whereas diploid females develop from fertilized eggs (arrhenotokous). In some cases, diploid females develop from unfertilized eggs (thelytokous). Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a biological control agent for agromyzid leafminers and have arrhenotokous and thelytokous strains. However, the morphological characteristics of two strains of D. wani are so similar that it is difficult to accurately distinguish them based on morphology. Here, a rapid molecular identification method was developed based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and one-step multiplex PCR. Two primer combinations, PC1 (Ar-F1/Th-F1/WR2) and PC2 (Ar-F1/Th-F4/WR2), were designed and repeatedly screened to distinguish two strains simultaneously, of which two special forward primers Th-F1/Th-F4 were used for the thelytokous strain and one special forward primer Ar-F1 was used for the arrhenotokous strain. In addition, a common reverse primer, WR2, was used for both strains. The PC1 and PC2 PCR assays were effective in distinguishing the two strains at different developmental stages and field colonies. This method provides a reliable, highly sensitive, and cost-effective tool for the rapid identification of the two strains of D. wani.

Ionic gel is non-toxic and is suitable for the smart wearables field. The ionic gel has excellent stretchable performance, high ionic conductivity and high light transmission rate, showing well performance for ACEL devices with sandwich structures.

In this work, tB-MoS2 and MoSe2 flower-like structures were produced using a CVD method. An indirect-to-direct energy band gap transition was shown in the region away from the flower center in the structures, accompanied by an enhanced PL intensity.

Immunotherapeutic strategies are recognized as promising treatment methods for colorectal cancer (CRC). αβT cell-mediated cytotoxicity is tolerated by cancer cells with low MHC class I expression; therefore, γδT cell-based cancer immunotherapy has generated increasing interest as a potential treatment option. To enhance the potency of γδT cell-based immunotherapy, the key factors involved in the regulation of γδT cells in CRC need to be identified along with devising ways to overcome potential hurdles. In this study, we observed that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), the serum level of which was highly increased in those with solid tumors, could specifically attenuate the cytotoxic function of peripheral γδT cells in patients with CRC. We observed that in patients with CRC, the expression levels of perforin and granzyme were significantly decreased in the recombinant human LIF (rhLIF)-treated peripheral γδT cells, whereas that of the LIF receptor (LIFR) was higher. The regulation of the cytotoxic function of the γδT cells by rhLIF was effected mainly through the STAT3 signaling pathway, which caused an increase in the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-17, COX-2, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Our results revealed that rhLIF could impair the function of γδT cells in CRC patients by reducing the cytotoxic function and increasing the expression of tumor-promoting molecules, such as IL-17, COX-2, and PGE2.

The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) ultrasound (US) risk stratification and management system was first published by the American College of Radiology in 2020. It provides standardized terminology for evaluation of ovarian and adnexal masses, aids risk stratification, and provides management guidelines for different categories of lesions. This system has been validated by subsequent research and found to be a useful diagnostic and management tool. However, as noted in the system's governing concepts, in some clinical scenarios, such as patients with acute symptoms or with a history of ovarian malignancy, O-RADS US does not apply, or the system's standard management may be adjusted. Additional scenarios, such as an adnexal mass in pregnancy, present challenges in the application of O-RADS US to assist diagnosis and management. The purpose of this article is to highlight 10 clinical scenarios in which O-RADS US version 1 may not apply, may be difficult to apply, or may require modified management. Additional scenarios in which O-RADS US can be appropriately applied are also described.

Mariculture wastewater is characterized by low organic carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) but high nitrate concentration, which makes it difficult to remove nitrate by the completely heterotrophic denitrification. However, high nitrate discharge poses a threat to the natural environment and human health. Thus, we enriched sulphur-based autotrophic denitrifying (SAD) microbiota and optimized the nitrate removal under different environmental factors and electron donor conditions. The results showed that the dominant genera in the enriched microbiota were previously confirmed autotrophic denitrifiers

A large-scale, horse-shoe-like filament was investigated and the magnetic field around it was reconstructed. This is an intermediate filament (IF) that appeared on the solar disk for the first time at 02:00 UT on 2015 November 7, and took 8 days to move to the central median on the solar disk. The active region AR 12452 around which the filament occurred was diffuse so that the magnetic field nearby was weak, the average field strength is 106 G. Therefore, the existing approaches to extrapolating the coronal magnetic field and to constructing the filament configuration in the region with strong background field do not work well here. On the basis of the regularized Biot-Savart laws method, we successfully constructed a data-constrained, non-linear force-free field configuration for this IF observed on 2015 November 14. The overall IF configuration obtained in this way matches well the morphology suggested by a 304~\AA \ image taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board Solar Dynamics Observatory. Magnetic dips in the configuration were coincident in space with the H$\alpha$ features of the filament, which is lower in altitude than the features seen in 304~\AA. This suggests that the cold plasma fills the lower part of the filament, and hot plasma is situated in the higher region. A quasi-separatrix layer wraps the filament, and both the magnetic field and the electric current are stronger near the inner edge of the filament., Comment: 17 pages,14 figures,1 table

Photo composition is one of the most important factors in the aesthetics of photographs. As a popular application, composition recommendation for a photo focusing on a specific subject has been ignored by recent deep-learning-based composition recommendation approaches. In this paper, we propose a subject-aware image composition recommendation method, SAC-Net, which takes an RGB image and a binary subject window mask as input, and returns good compositions as crops containing the subject. Our model first determines candidate scores for all possible coarse cropping windows. The crops with high candidate scores are selected and further refined by regressing their corner points to generate the output recommended cropping windows. The final scores of the refined crops are predicted by a final score regression module. Unlike existing methods that need to preset several cropping windows, our network is able to automatically regress cropping windows with arbitrary aspect ratios and sizes. We propose novel stability losses for maximizing smoothness when changing cropping windows along with view changes. Experimental results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods not only on the subject-aware image composition recommendation task, but also for general purpose composition recommendation. We also have designed a multistage labeling scheme so that a large amount of ranked pairs can be produced economically. We use this scheme to propose the first subject-aware composition dataset SACD, which contains 2777 images, and more than 5 million composition ranked pairs. The SACD dataset is publicly available at https://cg.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/SACD/.

The cluster-in-molecule (CIM) method was extended to systems with periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) in a previous work (PBC-CIM) [

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri) is a subtype of CAA with an inflammatory response to the vascular β-amyloid deposits. Reliable and non-invasive clinical diagnostic methods may allow patients to avoid the side effects of brain biopsy.In this observational study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical, laboratory, radiological features, treatment, and outcome of patients diagnosed with CAA-ri. The main purpose is to enhance knowledge of CAA-ri and to avoid misdiagnosis.We described 15 consecutive patients with probable or possible CAA-ri at Henan Provincial People's Hospital according to a validation study of proposed criteria for the diagnosis of CAA-ri. The clinical features, imaging, laboratory findings, and treatment which included the response to immunotherapy were revealed in the study.The median age of 15 patients was 67.0 years (range 48.0-90.0 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 7: 8. In our study, the most common clinical manifestations were cognitive decline (7/15, 46.7%), focal neurologic deficit (6/15, 40.0%), and headache (5/15, 33.3%). In terms of imaging results, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions were rarely seen in the cerebellum and brainstem, while no hemorrhagic lesion was observed in the brainstem of all 15 patients. In addition, 12 patients (80.0%) showed improvement or stability for the clinical and radiological outcomes after immunotherapy.CAA-ri should be considered as a differential diagnosis when brain MRI shows typical features in the elderly. Once the diagnosis is established, immunotherapy should be initiated as early as possible to promote neurological function recovery and reduce recurrence.