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A randomized controlled study was conducted to investigate the effects of case management on risky sexual behaviors and syphilis in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Supplemental digital content is available in the text., Background The prevalence of syphilis is very high in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive men who have sex with men (MSM), and effective interventions are needed to educate HIV-positive individuals about behavioral and biological risk factors. Therefore, we developed a standard case management process and conducted a randomized controlled study to investigate the impact on risky sexual behaviors and syphilis in HIV-positive MSM. Methods Men who have sex with men (n = 220) were enrolled and randomized to the case management intervention group and the control group between May 2016 and January 2017. The control group received routine HIV-related care. In addition to routine HIV-related care, those in the intervention group regularly received extended services from a well-trained case manager. Epidemiological information was collected during the baseline face-to-face interviews by a trained investigator. Serological tests for syphilis and assessments of risky sexual behaviors were performed at baseline and 6 and 12 months after the initiation of treatment. Results The syphilis incidence rates in the intervention and control groups were 11.3 per 100 person-years and 20.6 per 100 person-years, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence inter) for syphilis in case management group was 0.34 (0.14–0.87). The percentages of participants who resumed risky sexual behaviors in both groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) but did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions A case management intervention reduced the incidence of syphilis in HIV-positive MSM. We should further increase the content of case management on the basis of providing routine HIV-related care to those people.

To identify genotype distribution and drug resistance in people infected by HIV-1 in Wuhan, China, 105 infected people diagnosed with HIV-1 from January to December in 2019 were involved in this study. Ninety-eight gag genes, 101 PR genes, and 98 RT genes were successfully amplified. The phylogenetic analysis results showed that CRF01_AE (38.2%) and CRF07_BC (35.3%) were the two dominant genotypes, followed by CRF55_01B (6.9%), CRF59_01B (2.0%), B (2.0%), B' (2.0%), CRF08_BC (1.0%), CRF80_0107 (1.0%), and unique recombinant form (URF) (11.8%). Most URFs were the recombinants between CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC or CRF07_BC and CRF55_01B. Among the 93 subjects of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive, transmitted drug resistance against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) was 23.9%, of which V179D/E was the most frequent mutation, accounting for 18.2%. Among the 12 subjects of ART-experienced, drug resistance to first-line regimens developed severely.

Objective. CD4+ cell recovery is hampered in some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, despite a successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with suppressed viral replication. We investigated the factors that might have hindered the CD4+ cell recovery in these patients. Methods. In this retrospective study, we collected the data of all immune nonresponders (INRs) in Wuhan, China, until the end of 2020. A linear model was constructed based on the data from 220 patients with baseline and follow-up records. The response variables in this study were the CD4+ cell count increase. The predictor variables considered in this study were those factors likely to affect the CD4+ cell recovery. Results. Our findings revealed that the plasma HIV-1 viral load of all patients was suppressed and 87.3% patients’ CD4+ cells was increased after more than one year of the HAART treatment. In addition, their last follow-up showed a significant reduction in complications. In our results, the body mass index (BMI), number of months since HIV diagnosis to HAART start, and nonuse of co-trimoxazole were negatively correlated with the increase in CD4+ cells ( P < 0.05 ). However, there were positive associations between serum creatinine levels and CD4+ cell recovery ( P < 0.05 ). Further stratified analyses indicated that the associations between HAART replacement or creatinine usage and CD4+ cell growth were only observed in those participants with a BMI P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. An early initiation of HAART and co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) can promote immune reconstitution. BMI and serum creatinine can serve as monitoring indicators of immune reconstitution prognosis after the HAART.

Objective. To explore the influence of conventional management combined with case management on social support and self-efficacy of AIDS patients. Methods. The clinical case data of 120 AIDS patients who were treated and nursed in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects and were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the digital table method, with 60 cases each. The control group implements routine management, and the observation group implements case-based nursing management on this basis and compares the effects of self-efficacy, self-management ability, nursing ability, social support, and psychological flexibility of the two groups of patients. Results. Before the intervention, the quality of life scores of the two groups was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ). After the intervention, the physical function score, pain management score, and symptom response score of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and statistics showed that the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Before the intervention, the self-management ability of the two groups of patients was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ). After the intervention, the observation group’s symptom management, emotional cognition management, social support and assistance, daily life management, disease knowledge management, and treatment compliance management were significantly higher than those of the control group. Statistics show that this difference is statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the nursing ability and psychological flexibility between the two groups of patients ( P > 0.05 ). After the intervention, the observation group’s health knowledge level, self-care skills, self-care responsibility, self-concept, and mental flexibility (resilience, strength, optimism) indicators were higher than the control group, while the depression mood disorder score was significantly lower than the control group; statistics showed that this difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Routine management combined with case-based nursing management can effectively improve the self-management ability and psychological flexibility of AIDS patients, improve patient care ability and self-efficacy, and provide certain reference value for effective management of AIDS patients.

Open-cell 4 vol.% SiCp/AlSi 9 Mg composite foams with different relative densities were fabricated by the infiltration process using NaCl preforms. The distributions of SiC particles in the cell wall were observed and compressive properties and energy absorption characteristic of the foams were investigated. The results show that the yield stress and the energy absorption capacities of open-cell 4 vol.% SiCp/AlSi 9 Mg composite foams increase with the rising relative density. And the stress–strain curves of open-cell 4 vol.% SiCp/AlSi 9 Mg composite foams are not as smooth as that of aluminum foams due to the addition of SiC particles. The theory model used to describe the energy absorption capacity of the foams in different strain region was induced.