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In this paper, we propose two hybrid inertial CQ projection algorithms with line-search process for the split feasibility problem. Based on the hybrid CQ projection algorithm, we firstly add the inertial term into the iteration to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm, and adopt flexible rules for selecting the stepsize and the shrinking projection region, which makes an optimal stepsize available at each iteration. The shrinking projection region is the intersection of three sets, which are the set C and two hyperplanes. Furthermore, we modify the Armijo-type line-search step in the presented algorithm to get a new algorithm.The algorithms are shown to be convergent under certain mild assumptions. Besides, numerical examples are given to show that the proposed algorithms have better performance than the general CQ algorithm.

The development of low-dimensional multifunctional devices has become increasingly important as the size of field-effect transistors decreases.

In recent years, the two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor α-In2Se3 has great potential for applications in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics due to its spontaneous iron electrolysis properties. Through ab initio electronic structure calculations and quantum transport simulations, the interface properties and transport properties of α-In2Se3/Au contacts with different polarization directions are studied, and a two-dimensional α-In2Se3 asymmetric metal contact design is proposed. When α-In2Se3 is polarized upward, it forms an n-type Schottky contact with Au, while when α-In2Se3 is polarized downward, it forms a p-type Schottky contact with Au. More importantly, significant rectification effect is found in the asymmetric Au/α-In2Se3/Au field-effect transistor. The carrier transports under positive and negative bias voltages are found to be dominated by thermionic excitation and tunneling, respectively. These findings provide guidance for the further design of 2D α-In2Se3-based transistors.

Numerous clinical experts like to make their own clinical illustrations for use in introductions and distributions with the approach of advanced media, it has become simpler to create great quality illustrations in any event, for those with restricted imaginative abilities including the creator. The development of digital art has set out open doors for both the expert as well as the undeveloped artist. Wandering into digital art creation is conceivable utilizing reasonable digital gear with expansion of a couple of extras. This article portrays the writer's experience with making clinical illustrations utilizing computerized media and examines the advantages of the new innovation. A couple of helpful hints are likewise accommodated clinical experts who might be keen on investigating the choice of making their own illustrations utilizing computerized instruments.

Germplasm resource is the source of herbal medicine production. Cultivation of superior germplasm resources helps to resolve the serious conflict between long-term population persistence and growing market demand by producing materials with high quality consistently.Cibotium barometzis the original plant of cibotii rhizoma (“Gouji”), a traditional Chinese medicine used in the therapy of pain, weakness, and numbness of lower extremity. Long-history use ofCibotiumhas rendered wild populations of this species declined seriously in China. Without sufficient understanding of species and lineage diversity ofCibotium, it is difficult to propose a targeted conservation scheme at present, let alone selecting high-quality germplasm resources. In order to fill such a knowledge gap, this study sampledC. barometzand relative species throughout their distribution in China, performed genome skimming to obtain plastome data, and conducted phylogenomic analyses. We constructed a well-supported plastome phylogeny of ChineseCibotium, which showed that three species with significant genetic difference distributed in China, namelyC. barometz,C. cumingii, andC. sino-burmaense, a cryptic species endemic to NW Yunnan and adjacent region of NE Myanmar. Moreover, our results revealed two differentiated lineages ofC. barometzdistributed in the east and west side of a classic phylogeographic boundary that probably shaped by monsoons and landforms in China. We also evaluated the resolution of nine traditional barcode loci, and designed five new DNA barcodes based on the plastome data which can discriminate all these species and lineages of ChineseCibotiumaccurately. These novel findings integrated genetic basis will guide conservation planners and medicinal plant breeders to build systematic conservation plans and exploit germplasm resources ofCibotiumin China.

Proteins, as the material basis of life, are the ultimate controller and direct performer of life activities. Most proteins perform their biological functions by binding to other proteins to form complexes. The identification of protein complexes can help people to better understand the organization and functions of the complexes, as well as the mechanisms of cells. At present, the rapid development of high-throughput experimental technology has led to huge amounts of protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. Many methods for computationally predicting protein complexes based on PPI data have been proposed. Different methods have their own characteristics and advantages, and they also have inherent drawbacks. Firstly, this paper classifies and comprehensively analyzes and reviews the existing protein complex prediction methods. Then, it introduces the commonly used evaluation indicators and main data sets in complex prediction, compares and analyzes the prediction performance of several representative methods. Finally, it summarizes state-of-the-art complex prediction methods, highlights future research directions, and puts forward several issues to be resolved in the future. It is hoped that through the analysis and comparison of various methods, this paper can provide some valuable guidance and future directions for users and researchers on using the existing methods and developing new methods of protein complex prediction.

The bHLH transcription factors play pivotal roles in plant growth and development, production of secondary metabolites and responses to various environmental stresses. Although the bHLH genes have been well studied in model plant species, a comprehensive investigation of the bHLH genes is required for tobacco with newly obtained high-quality genome. In the present study, a total of 309 NtbHLH genes were identified and can be divided into 23 subfamilies. The conserved amino acids which are essential for their function were predicted for the NtbHLH proteins. Moreover, the NtbHLH genes were conserved during evolution through analyzing the gene structures and conserved motifs. A total of 265 NtbHLH genes were localized in the 24 tobacco chromosomes while the remained 44 NtbHLH genes were mapped to the scaffolds due to the complexity of tobacco genome. Moreover, transcripts of NtbHLH genes were obviously tissue-specific expressed from the gene-chip data from 23 tobacco tissues, and expressions of 20 random selected NtbHLH genes were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR, indicating their potential functions in the plant growth and development. Importantly, overexpressed NtbHLH86 gene confers improve drought tolerance in tobacco indicating that it might be involved in the regulation of drought stress. Therefore, our findings here provide a valuable information on the characterization of NtbHLH genes and further investigation of their functions in tobacco.

The commensurate and incommensurate Haldane phases for the spin-1 bilinear-biquadratic model are investigated using the infinite matrix product state algorithm. The bipartite entanglement entropy can detect a transition point between the two phases. In both phases, the entanglement spectrum shows the double degeneracy. We calculate the nonlocal order parameter of the bond-centered inversion in both phases, which rapidly approaches a saturation value -1 as the segment length increases. The nonlocal order parameter of the bond-centered inversion with a saturation value -1 and the nonzero value string order indicate that the Haldane phase is a symmetry-protected topological phase. To distinguish the commensurate and incommensurate Haldane phases, the transversal spin correlation and corresponding momentum distribution of the structure factor are analyzed. As a result, the transversal spin correlations exhibit different decay forms in both phases.

Camellia piloflora S.X. Yang, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2). Type:— CHINA. Guangxi: Debao County, in limestone tiankeng, elev. 400 m, 21 January 2022, S . X. Yang 6868 (holotype KUN1541642; isotypes KUN1544968, K). Diagnosis:— Camellia piloflora is most similar to C. debaoensis R.C. Hu & Y.Q. Liufu, but differs by its sepals puberulent abaxially (vs. glabrous), ovary and styles tomentose (vs. glabrous), filaments pubescent (vs. glabrous) and the outer filaments united for 1/2 (vs. 1/4) of their length from the base. Shrubs, 2−5 m tall; young branches yellowish brown or brown, glabrous, rarely subglabrous; terminal buds glabrous, rarely subglabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole 0.6–1.2 cm long, glabrous, rarely subglabrous; blade elliptic to oblong, 7–11 × 3.5–5.5 cm, thinly leathery, purplish red when young, adaxially dark green and glabrous, shiny, abaxially pale green, sparsely pubescent along midvein and scattered dark brown cork-warts, lateral veins 7−9 pairs, apex acuminate to caudate, margin shallowly serrate with the teeth 1.0−2.0 mm apart, base cuneate to broadly cuneate. Flowers subterminal or axillary, solitary or rarely 2−4 in clusters, 5.5–6.0 cm in diam. Pedicel ca. 2.0–5.0 mm long, glabrous. Bracteoles 4–5, yellowish-green, unequal, 1.0–3.0 × 2.0–4.0 mm, obtuse triangle, lunate to semiorbicular, lowermost bracteoles glabrous on both sides, uppermost ones pubescent on both sides, similar to sepals, margin ciliolate. Sepals 5 (–6), yellowish-green, semiorbicular, round-reniform to suborbicular, 6.0−10.0 × 8.0−14.0 mm, pubescent on both surfaces, margin narrow scarious and ciliate. Petals 8–10, in three whorls, pale yellow, orbicular to elliptic, 2.2−4.5 × 2.2−3.5 cm, pubescent on both surfaces, basally connate to each other and to the stamens for 7–10 mm. Stamens numerous, ca. 3.5 cm long, in 4−5 whorls, filament of the outer whorls basally connate into a tube for ca. 1/2 of the length, outside of the tube and base of the free part of filaments pubescent, filaments of the innermost whorl free, pubescent almost all their length. Ovary ovoid, ca. 6 mm in diam, densely pale yellow tomentose, 3 (–4)-loculed; styles single, 2.6 cm long, apically dividing into 3 (–4) arms of ca. 3–4 mm, basally 3/4 pubescent. Capsule oblate, yellowish green, ca. 6.0 cm in diam, pubescent, with 2 seeds per locule; pericarp ca. 1.0–2.0 mm thick when dry, splitting into 3 valves. Seeds dark brown, hemispherical or cuneate, pubescent. Phenology: —Flowering from January to February; fruiting from September to October. Etymology: —The specific epithet is derived from Latin, “ pilus ”, meaning a hair, and “ flos ”, meaning flower, to referring that the new species has hairy flowers, especially on sepals, petals, stamens and pistils. Vernacular name: —‘ ƚṯfiṯș ’ (mao hua jin hua cha) in Chinese pinyin. Distribution, habitat, and conservation status: — Camellia piloflora grows in the evergreen broad-leaved forests of limestone hills at elevation of 400– 650 m. Only three populations with less than 100 individuals have been found in and near its type locality. Due to the great commercial value, the number of this species may continue to shrink. The location of this species is not the natural reserve, thus can be destroyed by human activity. The area of occupancy is less than 10 km 2 (B2a) with three populations, and the area, extent and/or quality of habitat, and number of mature individuals are declined in future. Therefore, the new species is accessed to Critically Endangered (CR, B2ab (iii, v)), according to Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — CHINA. Guangxi: Debao County, 30 November 2018, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 400 m, S .X. Yang & F.Y. Wu 5895–5901 (KUN); 6 March 2019, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 400 m, S .X. Yang & F.Y. Wu 5979–5982 (KUN); 8 March 2019, limestone hills, elev. ca. 650 m, S .X. Yang & F.Y. Wu 5983–5985 (KUN); 8 March 2019, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 550 m, S .X. Yang & F.Y. Wu 5986 (KUN); 15 September 2020, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 400 m, S .X. Yang, F.Y. Wu & P. M. Ye 6395-6397 (KUN); 16 September 2020, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 550 m, S .X. Yang, F.Y. Wu & P. M. Ye 6406–6409 (KUN); 21 January 2022, limestone tiankeng, elev. ca. 400 m, S .X. Yang & F.Y. Wu 6869–6871, 6880 (KUN)., Published as part of Zhang, Qiong, Wu, Fang-Yuan, Huang, Yao-Heng, Ma, Jin-Lin & Yang, Shi-Xiong, 2022, Camellia piloflora (Theaceae), a new yellow camellia from Guangxi, South China, pp. 179-184 in Phytotaxa 574 (2) on pages 179-180, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7380906

Zhang, Qiong, Wu, Fang-Yuan, Huang, Yao-Heng, Ma, Jin-Lin, Yang, Shi-Xiong (2022): Camellia piloflora (Theaceae), a new yellow camellia from Guangxi, South China. Phytotaxa 574 (2): 179-184, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.2.7

This study examines the mechanism of adsorption–dispersion by superplasticisers with varying side chain density in cement paste. Acrylic acid was used to copolymerise with 2-methylprop-2-ene polyethylene glycol, using chain transfer agent to synthesise polycarboxylate ether superplasticisers (PCEs) with comparable main chain lengths and different side chain densities. Gel permeation chromatography, zeta potential, total organic carbon and fluidity tests were used to investigate the adsorption–dispersion of PCE samples in cement pastes with different amounts of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) additive. The results indicate: products with higher side chain densities also have correspondingly shorter main chains, which allows them to form conformations with comparable initial adsorption performance; with C3A added, samples with denser side chains performed better, and their resistance to adsorption became more prominent at higher C3A content.

Alertness monitoring in the context of driving improves safety and saves lives. Computer vision based alertness monitoring is an active area of research. However, the algorithms and datasets that exist for alertness monitoring are primarily aimed at younger adults (18-50 years old). We present a system for in-vehicle alertness monitoring for older adults. Through a design study, we ascertained the variables and parameters that are suitable for older adults traveling independently in Level 5 vehicles. We implemented a prototype traveler monitoring system and evaluated the alertness detection algorithm on ten older adults (70 years and older). We report on the system design and implementation at a level of detail that is suitable for the beginning researcher or practitioner. Our study suggests that dataset development is the foremost challenge for developing alertness monitoring systems targeted at older adults. This study is the first of its kind for a hitherto under-studied population and has implications for future work on algorithm development and system design through participatory methods., Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables

Additional file 1. Supplemental Materials.

Additional file 2. Supplemental Tables.

International audience; Barium germano-gallate (BGG) glasses are attractive glass hosts for photonic applications in the mid-infrared region up to 6 µm. In this work, we investigate the photosensitivity of such glasses under femtosecond laser, with an emphasize on the formation of refractive index changes. Six glasses with varying compositions (including addition of K, Na, Y, and La) were studied. We observed several transformation regimes in the pulse energyrepetition rate landscape: Type I (isotropic refractive index change) and a spatial broadening regime with a phase shift Δφ > 2π rad at 550 nm. This translates into refractive index changes Δn > 10-2 and is comparable to values obtained in most chalcogenide glasses. The effect of glass composition on Δφ appears correlated to the number of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) present in the glass and is brought to evidence by monitoring the Cations/GaO3/2 ratio. This provides a way to design a range of germano-gallate glasses suitable to imprinting high refractive index contrast.

Background Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone for plant growth, development and responding to stresses such as drought, salinity, and pathogen infection. Pyrabactin Resistance 1 (PYR1)/PYR1-Like (PYL)/Regulatory Component of ABA Receptor (RCAR) (hereafter referred to as PYLs) has been identified as the ABA receptors. The PYL family members have been well studied in many plants. However, the members of PYL family have not been systematically identified at genome level in cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and its two ancestors. In this study, the phylogenic relationships, chromosomal distribution, gene structures, conserved motifs/regions, and expression profiles of NtPYLs were analyzed. Results We identified 29, 11, 16 PYLs in the genomes of allotetraploid N. tabacum, and its two diploid ancestors N. tomentosiformis and N. sylvestris, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that NtPYLs can be divided into three subfamilies, and each NtPYL has one counterpart in N. sylvestris or N. tomentosiformis. Based on microarray analysis of NtPYL transcripts, four NtPYLs (from subfamily II, III), and five NtPYLs (from subfamily I) are highlighted as potential candidates for further functional characterization in N. tabacum seed development, response to ABA, and germination, and resistance to abiotic stresses, respectively. Interestingly, the expression profiles of members in the same NtPYL subfamily showed somehow similar patterns in tissues at different developmental stages and in leaves of seedlings under drought stress, suggesting particular NtPYLs might have multiple functions in both plant development and drought stress response. Conclusions NtPYLs are highlighted for important functions in seed development, germination and response to ABA, and particular in drought tolerance. This work will not only shed light on the PYL family in tobacco, but also provides some valuable information for functional characterization of ABA receptors in N. tabacum. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5839-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The TianQin Project is aiming at gravitational wave (GW) detection in space. TianQin GW observatory comprises three satellites orbiting on 1 × 105 km Earth orbits to form an equilateral-triangle constellation. In order to minimize the variations in arm lengths and breathing angles, the satellites must be launched and adjusted precisely into an optimized orbit. Therefore, satellite laser ranging must be used to enhance the precision of satellite orbit determination. To develop the capability of satellite laser ranging for TianQin’s orbit, the TianQin Laser Ranging Station has been designed and constructed to perform high-precision laser ranging for TianQin satellites and lunar laser ranging as well. Applying a 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser with 100 Hz repetition frequency, 80 pico-second pulse duration, and 2 × 2 array of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, we have obtained the laser echo signals from the five lunar retro-reflector arrays, and the measurement data have been packaged into 234 normal points (NPs), including a few data measured during the full-moon lunar phase. Each NP is calculated from continuous measurement for about ten minutes and the statistical error of the NPs is about 7 mm (1σ).

The effect of Ti and B microalloying on the hardenability, prior austenite grain size (PAGS), mechanical properties, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) of C110 grade steel was studied by Jominy testing, static tensile testing, an optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and double cantilever beam (DCB) testing. The results show that the addition of 0.015% Ti and 0.002% B into a medium-carbon Fe-Cr-Mo-Nb-V steel increased the hardenability and refined the PAGS and quenched martensite packets, and the size of carbides was reduced. It is believed that these behaviors are responsible for the improvement in the threshold stress intensity factor KISSC.

In this paper, a novel perceptual image hashing scheme for color images is proposed based on ring-ribbon quadtree and color vector angle. First, original image is subjected to normalization and Gaussian low-pass filtering to produce a secondary image, which is divided into a series of ring-ribbons with different radii and the same number of pixels. Then, both textural and color features are extracted locally and globally. Quadtree decomposition (QD) is applied on luminance values of the ring-ribbons to extract local textural features, and the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is used to extract global textural features. Local color features of significant corner points on outer boundaries of ring-ribbons are extracted through color vector angles (CVA), and color low-order moments (CLMs) is utilized to extract global color features. Finally, two types of feature vectors are fused via canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to prodcue the final hash after scrambling. Compared with direct concatenation, the CCA feature fusion method improves classification performance, which better reflects overall correlation between two sets of feature vectors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that our scheme has satisfactory performances with respect to robustness, discrimination and security, which can be effectively used in copy detection and content authentication.

Visual noise is often regarded as a disturbance in image quality, whereas it can also provide a crucial clue for image-based forensic tasks. Conventionally, noise is assumed to comprise an additive Gaussian model to be estimated and then used to reveal anomalies. However, for real sensor noise, it should be modeled as signal-dependent noise (SDN). In this work, we apply SDN to splicing forgery localization tasks. Through statistical analysis of the SDN model, we assume that noise can be modeled as a Gaussian approximation for a certain brightness and propose a likelihood model for a noise level function. By building a maximum a posterior Markov random field (MAP-MRF) framework, we exploit the likelihood of noise to reveal the alien region of spliced objects, with a probability combination refinement strategy. To ensure a completely blind detection, an iterative alternating method is adopted to estimate the MRF parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is effective and provides a comparative localization performance.

Additional file 7: Table S6. Annotations produced by DAVID for the transcriptionally changed genes.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Number of protein-protein interactions and participating unique proteins from three databases.

Additional file 6: Table S5. Annotations produced by the GO enrichment analysis tool for the transcriptionally changed genes.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Functional association evidence and computing methods.

Additional file 3: Table S3. Assessment of feature quality.

Additional file 8: Table S7. Annotations produced by FIC/GSLA for the transcriptionally changed genes.

Additional file 4: Figure S1. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of 36 feature values. Features with areas under the curve (AUC) above 0.6 were selected for use in the SVM model to predict functional interactions between genes.

MADS-box genes play a pivotal role in various processes, including floral and seed development, controlling flowering time, regulation of fruits ripening, and respond to abiotic and biotic stressors in planta. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) has been widely used as a model plant for analyzing the gene function, however, there has been less information on the regulation of flowering, and the associated genes. In the present study, a total of 168 NtMADS-box genes were identified from tobacco, and their phylogenetic relationship, chromosome locations, and gene structures were further analyzed. NtMADS-box genes can be clustered into four sub-families of M&alpha, M&gamma, MIKC*, and MIKCC. A total of 111 NtMADS-box genes were distributed on 20 chromosomes, and 57 NtMADS-box genes were located on the unanchored scaffolds due to the complex and incomplete assembly of the tobacco genome. Expression profiles of NtMADS-box genes by microarray from 23 different tissues indicated that members in different NtMADS-box gene subfamilies might play specific roles in the growth and flower development, and the transcript levels of 24 NtMADS-box genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Importantly, overexpressed NtSOC1/NtMADS133 could promote early flowering and dwarfism in transgenic tobacco plants. Therefore, our findings provide insights on the characterization of NtMADS-box genes to further study their functions in plant development.

The switching behaviour of dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene molecule with different anchoring groups sandwiched between two zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) electrodes is investigated by applying nonequilibrium Green's function formalism combined with first-principles density functional theory. The calculated results show that the anchoring groups play a significant role in determining the electronic transport properties and switching behaviour of the molecular junctions. A higher current switching ratio without any oscillation can be obtained for the molecular junctions with carbon atom anchoring group, which suggests that this system has a broader application in future logic and memory devices.

With the development of microelectronics and the miniaturization of electronic devices, the use of molecular materials to construct various components in electronic circuits has become a most likely development trend. Compared with silicon-based semiconductor components, molecular electronic device has the advantages of small size, high integration, low energy consumption and fast response. In recent years, more and more molecules have been used to design molecular devices such as molecular diodes, molecular switches, molecular field effect transistors and molecular memories. In this paper, sandwich structure devices based on graphene nanoribbon electrodes are constructed. The first-principles calculation method combining density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function is adopted to design the molecular devices with functional characteristics. The effects of redox reactions on the electrical transport properties of molecular devices are systematically discussed. The main research contents of this paper are as follows. The switching characteristics of an anthraquinone molecular device based on graphene electrode are studied. The zigzag-edge nanoribbons and armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons are selected as electrodes. Considering the two isomers of anthraquinone (HQ) and anthraquinone (AQ) molecules in the redox reaction, the double electrode molecular junction is constructed. The effects of redox reaction and electrode structure on the switching characteristics of anthraquinone molecular devices are discussed. It is found that the current in the HQ configuration is significantly greater than that in the AQ configuration, regardless of the zigzag-edge graphene electrode or the armchair-edge graphene electrode. That is, under the redox reaction, the anthraquinone molecules show significant switching characteristics. The switching ratio of zigzag-edge graphene electrode is selected to reach a maximum of 3125, and that of armchair-edge graphene electrode is selected to maximum of 1538. In addition, when the armchair-edge graphene is used as an electrode in the HQ configuration, the negative differential resistance is obviously between 0.7 and 0.9 V.

Based on the nonequilibrium Green's function method and density functional theory calculations, we investigate the electronic transport properties of a single chiroptical molecular switch with two zigzag graphene nanoribbon electrodes. The molecule undergoing the switch can exhibit different chirality namely cis -isomer and trans -isomer by ultraviolet or visible irradiation. Theoretical results clearly reveal that these two isomers exhibit very different current – voltage characteristics, which can realize the switching behaviors when the molecule converts between cis -isomer and trans -isomer. Furthermore, the negative differential resistance behaviors also can be observed in these two isomers, suggesting potential applications of this type of junctions in future design of functional molecular devices.

We carry out an extensive study, within the infinite matrix product state algorithm, one-dimensional spin-1 Blume–Capel model on the spin-chain and subject to a changeable external magnetic field. The phase transition points are obtained by investigating the behavior of physical observable and as well as exacting the critical exponent from the scaling relationship. The final results are achieved for the physical observable-quantum entanglement entropy, local order parameter and its scaling: the scaling relationship between quantum entanglement entropy and truncation dimension, the scaling of Schmidt decomposition coefficient λ m a x and truncation dimension, the critical exponent of local order parameter near the phase transition point is extracted with the scaling behavior for the model with exchange coupling γ = 0 . 6 . These techniques are an easy way to exact the critical exponent for quantum phase transitions.

Quantum phase transitions are driven by quantum fluctuations due to the uncertainty principle in many-body physics. In quantum phase transitions, the ground-state changes dramatically. The quantum entanglement, specific heat, magnetization and other physical quantities diverge according to certain functions, and show specific scaling behaviors. In addition, there is a topological quantum phase transition beyond the conventional Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm, which is relevant to emergent phenomena in strongly correlated electron systems, with topological nonlocal order parameters as a salient feature. Thus, topological order is a new paradigm in the study of topological quantum phase transitions.To investigate competition mechanism of the different quantum spin interactions, in this paper, the one-dimensional spin-1 bond-alternating Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction is considered. The DM interaction drives the quantum fluctuations resulting in a phase transition. By using the one-dimensional infinite matrix product state algorithm in tensor network representation, the quantum entanglement entropy and order parameters are calculated from the ground-state function. The numerical result shows that with the change of bond alternating strength, there is a quantum phase transition from the topological ordered Haldane phase to the local ordered dimer phase. Based on the von Neumann entropy and order parameter, the phase diagram of this model is obtained. There is a critical line that separates the Haldane and the dimer phase. The DM interaction inhibits the dimerization of the quantum spin system and finally breaks the fully dimerization. Due to the fact that the structurally symmetry of system is broken, the local dimer order exists in the whole parameter range when the bond-alternative strength parameter changes. The first derivative of the local dimer order behaves as a peak corresponding to the critical point. Furthermore, from the numerical scaling of the first derivative of dimer order and the non-local string order near the phase transition point, the characteristic critical exponents α and β are obtained, respectively. It shows that the characteristic critical exponent α decreases, and β increases gradually with the interaction strength of DM increasing. The resulting state i.e. the anti-symmetric anisotropic DM interaction produced by spin-orbit coupling, affects the critical properties of the system in the phase transition. This reveals that the competition mechanism of the quantum spin interaction, also provides some guidance for the future study of the critical behavior in topological quantum phase transition with the DM interaction.

We investigated the quantum phase transition occurred in one-dimensional quantum Heisenberg XYZ model with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction via the infinite matrix product state representation with the infinite time evolving block decimation method. Entanglement entropy and local order parameter in and near the transition point are given. Scaling relation plays crucial roles on identifying a quantum system with a physically different phase. The scaling relation of the entanglement entropy, local order parameter and finite correlation length with the truncation dimension are also obtained. All the interesting results give a theoretical justification for the high accuracy of infinite time evolved block decimation algorithm which works in the thermodynamical limit.

There is much fluorescence for impurities on the variation cashmere fiber surface; the characteristic of the Raman spectrum is not obvious. Based on the orthogonal principle, variation cashmere fiber is purified by soaking in different component water/organic solvents, and cleaning with ultrasonic wave. Through measuring and analyzing the Raman spectrum, we confirm the optimal organic solvent system, soaking time and temperature for the cleanse technology of variation cashmere. The result shows that, the variation cashmere fiber is soaked in diethyl ether/aqueous organic solvent in the optimal condition, the Raman spectrum appears good peak-area ratio, and we get cleanest variation cashmere fiber.

Based on the tensor network representations, we have developed an efficient scheme to calculate the global geometric entanglement as a multipartite entanglement measure for the three-leg spin tubes. From the geometric entanglement, the phase diagram of a spin-3 / 2 isosceles triangle spin tube has been investigated varying the base interaction α. Two Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitions are estimated to be α c1 ≃ 0.68 and α c2 ≃ 3.85, respectively. Then, even though the spin tube is in gapless spin liquid phases for α < α c1 and α > α c2, the geometrical structure difference between the groundstate wavefunctions for the two regions is found to reflect the global geometric entanglement that contains bipartite and multipartite contributions. Further, the phase transition points from the von Neumann entropies and fidelity are consistent with that from the geometric entanglement. As a result, the global geometric entanglement can be used to explore a geometrical nature of quantum phases as well as an indicator for quantum phase transitions in many-body lattice systems.

A novel solid catalyst for coupling reaction has been successfully prepared by immobilizing palladium in the nanocages of the ethylenediamine-functionalized mesoporous material SBA-16. The structure and composition of the solid catalyst were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption, XRD, TEM, FT-IR and TGA. These results revealed that Pd(II) was successfully embedded inside the nanocages of SBA-16. This catalyst afforded high activity (over 91% conversion) for the Suzuki coupling of various aryl bromides and phenyiboronic acids in ethanol solvent at 60 °C even at the loading of 0.5 mol% Pd. Moreover, the SBA-16-2 N-Pd(II) catalyst could be separated easily from reaction mixture and reused for ten times without obvious loss of catalytic activity, showing the superiority over the homogeneous catalysts in industrial applications.

At present, the factory often use transformer factory calculation method to calculate the top oil temperature rise, according to the calculated results, the allocation of a certain heat dissipating capacity of the radiator, so as to ensure to meet the standard requirements of the top oil temperature rise. Transformer after the operation, due to environmental factors, the radiator efficiency will be decreased to a certain extent, when the load is high, easy to appear the top oil temperature rise high phenomenon, thus affecting the normal operation of transformer. Therefore, based on the top oil temperature rise factory calculation method, proposes a calculating method of transformer radiator efficiency, it provided the basis for the evaluation of the load capacity of the transformer and the formulation of radiator repair plan.

The scaling behavior of physical observable in the phase transition point for one-dimensional quantum two-spin and three-spin model is investigated by employing the infinite matrix product state representation with the infinite time evolving block decimation method. The analytical results, which are checked numerically finding excellent agreement for the model with central charge c = 4/5 , demonstrate that the scaling behavior with finite truncation dimension $ \chi$ in local Hilbert space can be employed to characterize the one-dimensional quantum spin model. Meanwhile, the infinite time evolving block decimation algorithm by the infinite matrix product state representation can be a quite accurate method to obtain the critical properties at continuous phase transition point.

A palladium-based catalyst supported on thiol-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles was successfully prepared by co-precipitation method. These magnetic nanomaterials were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The conversions of various aromatic nitro and unsaturated compounds can receive a really high yield with the existence of magnetic nanomaterials. The turn-over frequency (TOF) can be 66.46 h−1 in ethanol under a H2 atmosphere at room temperature. In this paper, the conversions of aromatic nitro bearing a variety of substituents were 93.56–100%, moreover, the catalyst afforded over 90% yield in the reducing unsaturated compounds. Another advantage is that the magnetite nanoparticles modified by thiol group can be separated just through the external magnetic force and can be reused atleast ten times without any significant loss in activity.

Quantum correlation and interference effects are investigated in mesoscopic interferometers connected to a normal metal and a superconductor. For quasiparticle excitation energies smaller than superconducting gap, a Fano-Andreev antiresonance for zero excitation energy is shown to be split into two zero-transmissions located at energies lower and higher than the Fano-Andreev antiresonance energy. For an excitation energy bigger than the gap, the higher energy antiresonance disappears for electron-like quasiparticle transport. In the presence of a superconductor interface potential Z, we find that the transport and the circulating currents normalized by their amplitudes for a clean interface have the same I(Z)-Z curve. We discuss a transition among the three types of normalized currents, which shows a characteristic transition diagram in association with the excitation energy. Also, as a demonstration of the existence of Andreev holes, we show that only the Andreev hole current can circulate along the interferometer loop.

Drought is one of the most severe forms of abiotic stresses that threaten the survival of plants, including crops. In turn, plants dramatically change their physiology to increase drought tolerance, including reconfiguration of proteomes. Here, we studied drought-induced proteomic changes in leaves of cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), a solanaceous plant, using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based protein labeling technology. Of identified 5570 proteins totally, drought treatment increased and decreased abundance of 260 and 206 proteins, respectively, compared with control condition. Most of these differentially regulated proteins are involved in photosynthesis, metabolism, and stress and defense. Although abscisic acid (ABA) levels greatly increased in drought-treated tobacco leaves, abundance of detected ABA biosynthetic enzymes showed no obvious changes. In contrast, heat shock proteins (HSPs), thioredoxins, ascorbate-, glutathione-, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-related proteins were up- or down-regulated in drought-treated tobacco leaves, suggesting that chaperones and redox signaling are important for tobacco tolerance to drought, and it is likely that redox-induced posttranslational modifications play an important role in modulating protein activity. This study not only provides a comprehensive dataset on overall protein changes in drought-treated tobacco leaves, but also shed light on the mechanism by which solanaceous plants adapt to drought stress.

Dimerized phase and quantum entanglement are investigated in the one-dimensional spin-1 bilinear biquadratic model. Employing the infinite matrix product state representation, groundstate wavefunctions are numerically obtained by using the infinite time evolving block decimation method in the infinite lattice system. From a bipartite entanglement measure of the groundstates, i.e., von Neumann entropy, the phase transition points can be clearly extracted. Moreover, the even-bond and odd-bond von Neumann entropies show two different values in the spontaneous dimerized phase. It implies that the quantum entanglement can distinguish the two degenerate groundstates. Then, we define a dimer entropy in the spontaneous dimerized phase. Comparing to the dimer order parameter, the dimer entropy can play a role of a local order parameter to characterize the spontaneous dimerized phase.

Coherent quantum tunneling effects on quantum interference are investigated in electron transport through a mesoscopic interferometer. An evanescent wave tunneling through a potential barrier in one arm can interfere with a propagating wave passing through the other arm of the interferometer. It is shown that, even for the same arm lengths, such a quantum interference can induce a circulating current, where Fano antiresonances do not occur in electron transmission. It is found that there exists a critical value of asymmetric arm lengths that gives rise to a Fano antiresonance in electron transmission for quantum interference between evanescent and propagating waves. We discuss the effects of Fano antiresonances originating from asymmetric arm lengths on circulating currents.