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Owing to the rapid advancement of technologies, today's mobile phones e.g., smartphones can not only fulfill users' basic requirements for communication purposes but also serve as powerful pervasive devices with various valuable functions for users. With wide and close Internet accessibility, smartphones nowadays inevitably suffer security threats and information security management ISM issues like common computers do. In this research, information security related trust issues are investigated through a user-based empirical study. Our research project aims to study the relationships between smartphone users' computer literacy, network literacy, knowledge on mobile phone viruses, and trust in ISM principles i.e., confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The study results indicate that smartphone users' network literacy positively influence their knowledge on mobile phone viruses, whereas users' computer literacy is not significantly associated with their knowledge on mobile phone viruses. Moreover, smartphone users' knowledge on mobile phone viruses would significantly affect their trusts in three ISM principles. The validated research model and corresponding findings can be referenced by business executives and ISM decision makers in electronic commerce e-commerce for making favorable tactics to catch the revolutionary benefits offered by effective ISM policies in the ubiquitous computing environment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans form dense biofilms together on internal medical devices and in doing so, establish a source of infection that is difficult to treat and can cause extensive local and systemic disease. The goal of the present study was to gain further insight into whether interactions between these two species within a biofilm alter their attachment to artificial surfaces and growth rates. After first establishing that S. aureus and C. albicans interact with one another and grow well together in the described biofilm system, the two species were mixed and attachment was assessed. S. aureus had differing effects on yeast attachment depending on when the two were mixed whereas C. albicans had no noticeable affect on S. aureus attachment. Examination of mixed biofilm structural integrity revealed that pure C. albicans biofilms have higher levels of detachment after 16 h of growth and a lower resistance to shear stress than do mixed biofilms. Similarly, measurement of biofi...