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Erlian Basin is a Mesozoic oil and gas-bearing basin in northeast of China. The extension rate, extension direction, and stratum thickness of this rift basin have a clear control on its shape and extension. In this study, we design three sandbox models of the Erlian Basin to represent the effects of changing these three factors. The extension rate controls the timing of secondary fault formation inside the rift basin; a high extension rate promotes faster deformation inside the rift. The extension direction controls the strike of the fault inside the rift; a greater angle between the extension direction and the normal direction of the strike of the rift favors rapid evolution of internal secondary faults. The stratum thickness represents the control of sedimentation on the rift basin; the thinner the brittle layer, the wider the rift. The simulation results also show that the extension direction is the major factor controlling tectonic deformation in the basin. Stratum thickness and extension rate are secondary controlling factors. Additionally, according to geometric and kinematic similarities between typical Mesozoic rift basins in eastern and adjacent areas of China, we suggest that southeastward extension is a possible kinematic mechanism for basin formation.

Background: The poor prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA) highlights the need for the development of an effective and accurate prognostic model that can guide its diagnosis and treatment. Accumulating evidence suggest that immunogenic cell death (ICD) genes are involved in the BLCA tumorigenesisand which indicate their promise for the development of novel cell death-targeted treatments. Methods: We extracted 433 BLCA samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and screened them with univariate Cox, multivariate, and lasso Cox regression analyses. We identified 19 ICD-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and used these to create a risk model. The effectiveness of the model was verified using two independent clinical datasets, GSE13507 and GSE32894, while its predictive ability was analyzed via Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses of survival. Finally, we used decision curve analysis to evaluate the 1-, 3-, and 5-year clinical effectiveness of the prognostic model. Conclusions: We established a risk prognostic model based on ICD-related DEGs in BLCA. This model demonstrated high predictive accuracy for the overall survival of patients with BLCA, paving the way for an improved understanding of the disease.

Chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin are insecticides commonly used in agriculture. The mixed residues of chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin in the aquatic environment may have combined effects on nontarget species. Therefore, studying the combined toxic effects and mechanisms of pesticide mixtures is of great significance to environmental risk assessment. To evaluate the risk of combined exposure, we examined the effects of both compounds, separately and together, on motor activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and neurotransmitter levels in larval zebrafish. Chlorpyrifos exposure significantly reduced functional motor capacity (swim distance and velocity) and enhanced meandering, while cyfluthrin exposure alone had no significant effects on swim parameters. However, combined exposure significantly reduced total swimming distance and mean velocity and increased meandering. Both compounds alone and the combination significantly reduced AChE activity, and the combined effect was antagonistic. Combined exposure also significantly altered the concentrations of serotonin, serotonin precursors, and dopamine precursors, as well as concentrations of the amino acid neurotransmitters glycine, alanine, and aspartic acid. Combined exposure to chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin exhibited distinct joint action modes in terms of neurobehavior, AChE activity, and neurotransmitter levels, thereby providing an experimental basis for assessing the combined exposure to chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin's environmental risk.

Residues from multiple pesticides are frequently detected on vegetables, which may produce combined toxicity not predicted by individual toxicity data. As these combined effects present additional dangers to food safety, we have compared individual to combined effects for a variety of pesticides. Carbendazim and chlorpyrifos are the two most commonly detected pesticides in vegetables, and previous studies reported that combined exposure results in synergistic developmental toxicity to zebrafish embryos. In this study, individual and combined effects on zebrafish motor activity were examined following individual and combined exposure to assess nervous system toxicity. Further, transcriptomics methods were used to identify potential molecular mechanisms for individual and combined toxicity. Carbendazim alone induced a disorganized swim pattern characterized by increased angular velocity, turn angle, meander, and acceleration during light-dark transition, while chlorpyrifos alone reduced average swim speed and light-dark acceleration. Combined treatment significantly reduced average swim velocity and total distance traveled. Combination indices indicated strong antagonism between compounds for average speed and light-dark acceleration. Transcriptomics (RNA-seq) showed that carbendazim significantly altered the expression of genes involved in antigen processing and presentation, apoptosis, autophagy, and metabolism, including ctslb, cyp7a1, hsp70l, and ugt1a1. Alternatively, chlorpyrifos significantly altered genes involved in various nervous system-related pathways, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, and calcium signaling. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis suggested that chlorpyrifos significantly downregulated genes related to light transduction, resulting in decreased sensitivity to light-dark transitions, while antagonism mainly reflected divergent effects on phototransduction and retinol metabolism. Carbendazim had no significant effects on vision-related genes such as gnat1 and gngt1, while chlorpyrifos downregulated expression, an effect reversed by the combination. Comprehensive toxicity analyses must include joint effects of co-applied pesticides for enhanced food safety.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 1,8-cineole on antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 540 1-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) male broilers were randomly divided into five treatments with six replicates per treatment, and 18 broilers per replicate for 42 days. Dietary treatments were a corn–soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0, and 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg 1,8-cineole, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 20~30 mg/kg of 1,8-cineole increased the ADG from d 22 to 42 and d 1 to 42 (p < 0.05), and decreased the FCR (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 10~40 mg/kg of 1,8-cineole increased total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in serum (p < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver on day 21 (p < 0.05). The supplementation of 20~30 mg/kg of 1,8-cineole increased the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the serum and liver and TAOC in the serum and the liver (p < 0.05), and decreased the level of MDA in the serum and the liver (p < 0.05) on day 42. Dietary supplementation with 20~30 mg/kg of 1,8-cineole increased serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M contents on day 21 (p < 0.05). On day 21, dietary supplementation of 20~30 mg/kg of 1,8-cineole increased the VH and VH/CD (p < 0.05) in the jejunum and ileum. The supplementation of 20~30 mg/kg of 1,8-cineole increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A in the duodenum and ileum mucosa on d 42 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1,8-cineole improves the growth performance of broilers by enhancing antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal morphology.

International audience

This paper proposes a fast algorithm for sparse spectral estimation to achieve super-resolution SAR (synthetic aperture radar) sparse imaging of complex targets. The fast algorithm used the Newton method and fast Fourier transform (FFT) based preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method to estimate sparse spectral parameters efficiently. Finally, a sparse SAR imaging was obtained based on sparse spectral parameters. It can suppress imaging sidelobe clutter and speckle with a super-resolution. The experiments with simulated and real targets were used to demonstrate the computational efficiency and super-resolution sparse imaging capability of the proposed algorithm.

International audience; The high‐pressure Heilongjiang Complex belongs to a Jurassic accretionary complex in Yilan area, NE China. The complex is located in the junction of three orogenic systems in the NE Asia: the E‐W‐striking Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the N‐S‐striking Paleo‐Pacific system, and the ENE‐WSW‐striking Mongol‐Okhotsk system. Thus, a detailed tectono‐metamorphic analysis coupled with accurate radiometric dating of the Heilongjiang Complex provided in this study represent important evidence for understanding the complex interactions between the three orogenic systems in the Late‐Palaeozoic to Mesozoic. New structural and microstructural data combined with the strain analysis highlight the presence of three distinct deformation events affecting the high‐pressure Heilongjiang Complex. The first deformation event D1 is related to development of blueschist facies prolate to plane strain fabrics that were subsequently reworked by the blueschist‐amphibolite facies event D2 that transposed all previous structures by the main west‐dipping schistosity. This planar fabric was folded by upright F3 folds and heterogeneously reworked by greenschist facies E‐W‐striking vertical cleavage during large scale N‐S shortening. Each deformation event was related to specific strain fabrics and metamorphic conditions highlighting dynamic evolution of the subduction complex during burial, exhumation, and final shortening. The first D1 event is related to westward directed prograde constrictional flow and progressive dismembering of competent mafic, ultramafic layers, and quartzites in highly stretched meta‐sedimentary matrix. This mélange was folded by recumbent detachment folds resulting in emplacement of the exhumed unit progressively reaching amphibolite facies conditions atop of W‐WSW‐dipping channel. This event is associated with dominant flattening implying increasing mechanical coupling between the colliding Songliao and Jiamusi blocks. Subsequently, the accreted subduction complex was reworked during N‐S‐directed horizontal shortening. This event was associated with an important post‐buckle flattening of fold limbs and rotation of competent blocks with inherited D1 and D2 strain ellipsoids along F3 fold axes. Our new 40Ar‐39Ar plateau ages on muscovite and phengite (173–177 Ma), together with previous radiometric data, are interpreted as reflecting exhumation of subduction channel during the blueschist‐amphibolite facies event while the N‐S shortening (D3) probably operated in Late Jurassic as indicated by some previously published cooling ages (~140–160 Ma). The westward‐oriented subduction and exhumation fabrics of the high‐pressure Heilongjiang accretionary complex followed by N‐S‐directed upright folding are interpreted to reflect transition from E‐W Pacific subduction regime to N‐S‐directed shortening related to the closure of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean.

This paper proposes a novel method for ship detection and discrimination in complex background from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. It first implements a pixel-level land–sea segmentation with the aid of a global 250-m water mask. Then, an efficient multiscale constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector with generalized Gamma distribution clutter model is designed to detect candidate targets in the sea. At last, eigenellipse discrimination and maximum-likelihood (ML) discrimination are designed to further exclude false alarm nonship objects in nearshore and harbor area. The proposed land–sea segmentation method is compared with multilevel Otsu method. The proposed multiscale ship detector is compared with conventional CFAR detectors. These contrast experiments show the good performance of our method. Finally, experiments undertaken on actual ALOS-2 SAR data show the efficacy of the proposed approach in detecting nearshore ship targets in a complex coastal environment.

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is regarded to have undergone multiple phases of intracontinental deformation during the Meso-Cenozoic. Located in a key position along the southern CAOB, the Alxa Tectonic Belt (ATB) connects the northernmost Tibetan Plateau with the Mongolian Plateau. In this paper we apply apatite U-Pb and fission track thermochronological studies on varieties of samples from the southwestern ATB, in order to constrain its thermal evolution. Precambrian bedrock samples yield late Ordovician-early Silurian (~ 430–450 Ma) and late Permian (~ 257 Ma) apatite U-Pb ages; the late Paleozoic magmatic-sedimentary samples yield relatively consistent early Permian ages from ~ 276 to 290 Ma. These data reveal that the ATB experienced multiple Paleozoic tectono-thermal events, as the samples passed through the apatite U-Pb closure temperature (~ 350–550 °C). We interpret these tectonic events to record the long-lived subduction-accretion processes of the Paleo-Asian Ocean during the formation of the southern CAOB, with possible thermal influence of the Permian Tarim mantle plume. Apatite fission track (AFT) data and thermal history modelling reveal discrete low-temperature thermal events for the ATB, inducing cooling/reheating through the AFT partial annealing zone (~ 120–60 °C). During the Permian, the samples underwent rapid cooling via exhumation or denudation from deep crustal levels to temperatures

The origin and tectonic affinity of the Alxa Block in NW China is currently debatable. This study reports new stratigraphically-constrained LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data from Precambrian rocks exposed in the westernmost part of the Alxa Block, to constrain their ages and provenance. Ages obtained for a granitic gneiss from the Longshoushan Group are mainly discordant yielding an upper intercept near 1200 Ma and a lower intercept between ∼350 and ∼310 Ma, indicating the protolith for the granitic gneiss intruded during the Mesoproterozoic, and the gneissic fabric formed in late Paleozoic associated with the accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Detrital zircons of a meta-sandstone from Pre-Sinian strata yielded predominant Mesoproterozoic ages with bimodal peaks at ∼1166 Ma and ∼1375 Ma. These ages are interpreted as tectonic events associated with the long-lived accretion and collision processes coeval with the amalgamation of the Rodinia supercontinent. The youngest concordant zircon age of 968 ± 70 Ma constrains its maximum depositional age to the Stenian-Tonian boundary. Two metasedimentary rocks from the Sinian strata share similar age patterns, yielding an earliest Paleoproterozoic peak at ∼2469–2460 Ma, and two Tonian peaks at ∼992–978 Ma and ∼826–807 Ma. The youngest detrital zircon ages constrain their maximum depositional age to be latest Neoproterozoic. The detrital age patterns, as well as zircon morphology, indicate that the protoliths for these metasedimentary rocks were probably deposited in collision-related foreland basins. Our new data combined with published data indicate that the Alxa Block is not a uniform early Precambrian craton like the North China Craton, but a Precambrian composite ribbon continent which originally detached from a main cratonic accretionary and collisional margin. The Alxa Block, like the South China Craton, underwent a multi-stage tectono-thermal evolution related to the assembly of Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinents during global plate margin reorganization. Current data support a close affinity of the Alxa Block to the SCC during the Precambrian. During the Paleozoic, the Alxa ribbon continent behaved as a backbone to the Paleo-Asian Ocean to the north, on which early Paleozoic-Permian magmatic arcs were built forming the southernmost segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.

Target geometrical reconstruction from multi-dimensional SAR(synthetic aperture radar) images is very important for target recognition and scene understanding. This paper proposes a novel geometric reconstruction method for man-made targets based on scattering primitives, e.g., plate, cylinder, dihedral, trihedral and so on. Non-parametric Bayesian learning is employed to optimize the scatterer parameters into an integral computation. The Bayesian learning can extract scattering primitives of targets via a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo strategy. Experimental results of two models demonstrate good feasibility of the proposed method.

In the booming era of high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology, SAR advanced information retrieval is critical for effective utilization of huge-volume SAR data. One important aspect of high-resolution SAR interpretation is to explore the anisotropic and dispersive information embedded among subaperture and subband SAR images. This paper formulates the polarimetric subaperture analysis as a singular-value decomposition problem, where polarimetric and anisotropic features can be simultaneously decomposed. The decomposed singular values and left singular vectors are equivalent to eigenanalysis-based polarimetric target decomposition, whereas the right singular vectors give the corresponding anisotropic feature vectors. A physics-based parameterization is proposed for anisotropic patterns, where two anisotropic entropy parameters, namely, compactness and directivity, are proposed. Both simulation results and real SAR image analyses demonstrate that these proposed anisotropic entropies can effectively identify specific types of scatterers depending on their geometric scale, curvature, and form of spatial distribution. The proposed anisotropic entropies could be applied to single- and dual-polarization high-resolution SAR data as well.

Wide-angle synthetic aperture radar (W-SAR) imaging accounts for multi-azimuthal scattering and is feasible for retrieving more comprehensive features of complex targets. Because a typical target is seen as composed of its components (typically, some simple geometric objects), a Gaussian amplitude-phase (GAP) model has been developed for the analysis of multi-azimuthal scattering from these objects. Based on the time-frequency analysis of wide-angle scattering, the parameters of the GAP model were estimated, including the Gaussian variance, the surface curvature, and the number of objects in all imaged pixels. Numerical simulations and real measurements demonstrate the capability of the GAP model for decomposing and recognizing complex electric-large targets.

To explore anisotropic information embedded among sub-aperture SAR images, we propose polarimetric sub-aperture singular value decomposition, where polarimetric and anisotropic features are simultaneously decomposed. The decomposed singular values and left singular vectors are equivalent to eigen-analysis-based polarimetric target decomposition, while the right singular vectors give the corresponding anisotropic feature vectors. A physics-based parameterization is proposed for anisotropic pattern, where two new parameters, namely, compactness and directivity, are proposed. Both simulation results and real SAR image analyses demonstrate that these new anisotropic parameters can identify specific types of scatterers.

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3-D) target reconstruction characterized by its geometric components, i.e. canonical scattering objects. The target is decomposed into some primitive geometries, which are extracted to represent and characterize scattering features. The object parameters are estimated in the frequency domain based on the least square method, and all estimated objects uses the model-based reasoning rules to reconstruct 3-D target. The simulation of a simplified tank model is used to validate the feature extraction and target reconstruction.

Based on the Huynen parametric decomposition of target scattering matrix, the polarimetric ellipse parameters are transformed and applied to decomposition of scattering mechanisms of a complex target in VHR POL-SAR images (very high resolution, polarimetric synthetic aperture radar). Making use of multi-aspect (or circle-aspect) and wideband VHR POL-SAR images, scattering mechanisms of a volumetric target and its structural components are recognized over image pixels. Utilizing the layover features, the target height profile is also estimated from two-dimensional image. As example, polarimetric scattering data of some vehicles on ground, including multi-aspect simulated data and experimental measurements, are applied to validations of scattering mechanism decompositions and target structural feature recognition.

This article is written in the base of the financial reports of the third quarter of 2010, selected 12 real estate listed companies, and compute its various financial indicators, using the principal component analysis in the spss software to its financial performance method, evaluation and analysis.

This paper presents a preliminary study on target reconstruction based on scattering mechanisms, where primitives geometries are used to decompose complex targets and each primitive scatterer is recognized by recognizing its scattering features.

The technique of stereo matching is an important research goal of spherical stereo vision system, which is widely used in visual navigation, motion analysis and panoramic surveillance areas. Fisheye lens can get view images of large field, this paper uses two fisheye lens whose optical axis are perpendicular to construct spherical stereo vision system and does research in stereo matching of spherical stereo vision system. As the image that fish eye lens collected has lager distortion, this paper does stereo matching with the images the system collected without distortion correction using matching algorithm based on maximally stable extremal regions (MSER) and affine scale invariant feature transform (ASIFT) to reduce the correction error generated in the process. The experiment results show that the algorithm can be applied in stereo matching of fish eye image without distortion, and the results meets the need of 3D reconstruction.

Panoramic stereo spherical vision system can simultaneously realize panoramic stitching and three-dimensional ranging. Its multi-channel image acquisition system is located in 3D space through the mechanical encapsulation. In this paper, an effective calibration method is explored to solve the problem of slight errors generated by the encapsulation structure installation and manufacturing. More importantly, the errors are difficult to measure, which leads the optical axes of lenses are not parallel. This paper uses a fine-tuning method of focused laser spot detection to solve the problem by analyzing the encapsulation structure and imaging model of the system. And its image processing algorithms and calibration process are described. The final experimental results confirm it is indeed feasible to this method.

Along with our country socialist market economy unceasing development, the reform unceasing deepening, the private enterprise obtained the development opportunity which front has not had, According to the statistics, our country Enterprise above 90% is the family firm. Many private enterprises all are evolve directly from the family business management pattern, lacks the systematization, specialized and the standardized management, the internal surveillance mechanism is not perfect, this has restricted private enterprise's development and the consummation seriously. This article first explained internal audit definition, had pointed out internal audits own value. Secondly, combining with the present situation of private enterprises in the analysis of the existing internal audit in private family enterprise problem, aimed at these questions to propose once more some concrete solution, final this article has carried on the discussion to the future family type private enterprise's internal audit trend of development. KEYWORD: diversified development; internal Audit; management; private enterprise; quality of personnel International Conference on Social Science, Education Management and Sports Education (SSEMSE 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1666 you need to have a strong competitive. With suitable private enterprises in investment, production, distribution, showed a great deal of flexibility. No strict control standards, physical system can be flexibly adjusted to meet market demand.

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the development of cultural industry gets more and more attention and the demand of cultural industry of intangible assets valuation is increasing. This article will research on music copyright, mainly focus on the influence factors of music copyright value on the basis of economic features and source of value, and then discuss the present situation and problems of music copyright valuation, finally put forward proposal to solve these problems. I'm looking forward that this paper plays a positive role in the development of music copyright valuation.

There were 35 classes of graduation, altogether 281 graduates from the Gregg-Turner Training School For Nurses during the period 1906 to 1944. The number of graduates increased most rapidly under the influence of civil social, economical and international situation from 1924 to 1938. There were 161 graduates with explicit employment in all the 281 graduates. The majority of the graduates, amounting to 101, worked in Guangzhou, representing 62.7%; 87 graduating nurses, representing 54% of the employed ones, worked in privately-run medical building, private clinics, residential buildings, mansion, sanctum, rehabilitation unit, bureau of TCM, and hospital (lou, tang, guan, suo). Graduating nurses aggregated in coastal cities due to its earlier affection by western culture of science and technology, a large number of foreigners who lived, engaged in trade and missionized in open port, dealing with frequently political, economic and cultural exchanging, and thus demanding objectively more western nursing professionals.

To develop accurate and effective approaches of scattering/imaging of the targets, an analytical method of asymptotic high-frequency (HF) and inverse Fourier transform (IFT) is developed. It makes much fast imaging speed that the image can be obtained almost immediately for arbitrary frequency and aspects of observation. The asymptotic HF is applied to calculation of scattering from electric-large targets and edge diffraction in PO (physical optics) and fringe equivalent currents (FEC), respectively. The classical IFT transforms scattering data from frequency domain to image domain to get analytical imaging functions. Two examples of scattering/imaging of a triangle plate and a metallic frustum are demonstrated.

The Kalman filter (KF) is widely used in the field of target tracking. In practical target tracking systems through, the observation noise is often unknown and characterized by heavier tails named outliers. That will affect the performance of target tracking seriously and even lead to filtering divergence. To overcome this problem, a novel robust Kalman filter (RKF) is proposed based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation to observation outliers. In addition, the adaptive estimate of observation noise variance R is also given based on the weighted correlation innovation (WCI) sequences of output of a steady state Kalman filter (SSKF). Finally, a robust adaptive Kalman filter (RAKF) algorithm is raised by implementing RKF and adaptive estimate of R simultaneously. The feasibility of the algorithm is demonstrated by an example of target tracking with simulation.

In recent years, the exposure of the mansions of Silver, Enron and other major financial scandals led an unprecedented credit crisis and moral crisis to the audit, and they also raises people's researching interest in the quality of audit and its impact factors. At present, domestic and foreign scholars have done lots of work on the factors affecting the quality of audit, but the literature is mostly qualitative not quantitative. This paper uses fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of main factors affecting the quality of auditing.

Supply forecasting of human resources is very important on enterprise human resource management. This paper takes electric power company of A province for example and makes forecasting analysis on internal supply and external supply of human resources in electric power enterprises based on Markov model.

In this paper we apply a relatively new learning algorithm, support vector machines optimized by genetic algorithms (GA-SVM) to the credit-rating prediction problem and expect to improve prediction accuracy by adopting this new algorithm. Based on the result, we conducted a market analysis on the determining factors in the China markets. By determining what information was actually used by expert financial analysts, these studies can help users capture fundamental characteristics of different financial markets.

With the development of market economy in China, the problem of bad debt becomes increasingly serious in enterprises. In this paper, a bad-debt-risk evaluation model is established based on LS-SVM classifier, using a new set of index system which combines financial factors with non-financial factors on the basis of the 5C system evaluation method. The bad debt rating is separated into four classes- normality, attention, doubt and loss through analyzing accounts payable. Then the LS-SVM classifier is trained with 220 samples which are stochastically extracted from listed companies of China in industry, and the four classes are identified by the trained classifier using 80 samples. Then, BP neural network is also used to assess the same data. The experiment results show that LS-SVM has an excellent performance on training accuracy and reliability in credit risk assessment and achieves better performance than BP neural network.

The late Qing Dynasty had witnessed the peak of epidemic outbreak in the southern part of China. However, that is also the time when the non-governmental charity activities in Guangdong grew into prosperity. As is shown in the 1909 archives of China's association activities, Guangdong charity organizations at the time played an active role in medical and relieving activities, by using flexible and various means of relief with extensive beneficiaries. Some of those medical activities are beyond the category of mere charity relief. The ideology advocated by the founders and the practitioners of such charity organizations constructed the most fundamental local humanity relief and health care system, as well as their painstaking efforts in bringing these ideas into reality, have contributed significantly to the local stability and harmony of the society, to the cultivation of public welfare awareness in the social and medical sectors of modern Guangdong society, and to the development of Guangdong's public sanitary system. Moreover, they have brought noteworthy influence on the continuation of traditional Chinese medicine and the advancement of the local regional medical studies.