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We herein report a case involving a 64-year-old Japanese woman with a pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus infection complicated by reactive AA amyloidosis, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported to date. The patient underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy for diarrhea during the treatment of pulmonary M. abscessus infection and was diagnosed with AA amyloidosis according to the histopathological findings from the endoscopic specimen. She died four months later. The prognosis of AA amyloidosis associated with pulmonary M. abscessus infection may be very poor, and physicians should pay attention to this rare condition when difficult-to-treat diarrhea occurs in patients with pulmonary M. abscessus infection.

M. abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and is the most common cause of pulmonary RGM infection. M. abscessus pleurisy is extremely rare. We herein report the case of a young patient with M. abscessus pleurisy without any lung lesions. A laboratory analysis of the pleural effusion revealed lymphocyte predominance and increased adenosine deaminase, similar to the findings observed in tuberculous pleurisy. The patient was initially treated for tuberculous pleurisy, which resulted in the partial improvement of the patient's symptoms and pleural effusion. M. abscessus pleurisy should be considered, especially in immunocompromised individuals, even in the absence of pulmonary involvement.

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare genetic disorder, the most common complication of which influencing the prognosis is pulmonary fibrosis. In the present report, we describe an autopsy case of a Japanese woman with HPS. The patient was diagnosed at 50 years of age based on the presence of oculocutane-ous albinism, hemorrhagic diathesis, ceroid-lipofuscin accumulation and pulmonary fibrosis. Although systemic steroids, immunosuppressants and pirfenidone were administered for pulmonary involvement, she died from respiratory failure two years later. Obtaining an early diagnosis and taking into consideration the need for lung transplantation is necessary in order to improve the prognosis of HPS. We herein report this very rare Japanese case of HPS with a review of the treatment approaches for HPS complicated with pulmonary fibrosis.

The clinical and laboratory features of patients with pneumonia/lung abscess with pleural effusion and bacterial pleurisy only. Table S2. The clinical and laboratory features of patients with Streptococcus anginosus group infections. (DOCX 28 kb)

The clinical and laboratory features of patients with pneumonia/lung abscess with pleural effusion and bacterial pleurisy only. Table S2. The clinical and laboratory features of patients with Streptococcus anginosus group infections. (DOCX 28 kb)