Search

Based on atmospheric precipitation collected in the northern suburbs of Nanjing from 2019 to 2020, the pH, conductivity, and chemical components of precipitation were analyzed. The seasonal variation in pH and conductivity of atmospheric precipitation in the northern suburbs of Nanjing were studied. The pollution levels and deposition characteristics of water-soluble inorganic nitrogen (WSIN) and organic nitrogen (WSON) in precipitation were also analyzed. The frequency of acid rain (pH5.6) in atmospheric precipitation in the northern suburbs of Nanjing reached 37.18% during the observation period. Precipitation acidification was more serious in autumn and winter, and the pH value showed a variation trend of springsummerautumnwinter. The average conductivity of precipitation was 29.49 μS·cm

The seasonal variation characteristics of water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in PM

Subduction and exhumation processes, interacting with each other, play a key role in crustal recycling. Downgoing oceanic lithosphere constitutes the dominant input at subduction margins, but subduction erosion, the removal of crustal material from the overriding plate, may add additional ingredients and complexity to the subduction factory. Different exhumation models have been proposed to explain how subducted materials are exhumed and therefore contribute to crustal recycling, e.g., exhumation up the subduction channel versus diapiric rise through the mantle wedge that overlies the subducted plate. The recently discovered Baqing eclogite-bearing high-pressure metamorphic complex, central Tibet, China, provides an excellent opportunity to decode the exhumation process, the origin of subduction-related magmatism, and the crustal structure of the North Qiangtang block, in addition to elucidating processes of crustal recycling. Pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) paths and zircon U-Pb ages and trace-element compositions for Baqing high-pressure rocks were used to evaluate exhumation processes and to determine the geochemical and tectonic affinity of the Baqing metamorphic complex. The Baqing metamorphic complex is mainly composed of eclogite, gneiss, and schist. It is located between two geologically distinct terranes—the South Qiangtang block, which has early Paleozoic basement, and the North Qiangtang block, which has Proterozoic basement. In the schist, zircon cores with steep heavy rare earth element (HREE) slopes and oscillatory zoning yielded inherited ages that are similar to detrital zircon ages for the South Qiangtang block schist; in contrast, zircon rims with flat HREE slopes yielded metamorphic ages of 224 Ma that are similar to the metamorphic ages obtained for the Baqing eclogite. In contrast, zircons from the gneiss yielded an upper-intercept age of 1033 ± 32 Ma (interpreted as the crystallization age) and a lower-intercept metamorphic age of 198 ± 4 Ma. Field relations indicate that gneiss and eclogite/amphibolite were exhumed together, so the ∼20 m.y. gap between the gneiss and the metabasite metamorphism may indicate a long exhumation duration. In the region, Proterozoic ages of ca. 1000 Ma are known only from the North Qiangtang block; we thus propose that the Baqing gneiss originated from North Qiangtang block Proterozoic basement, which, along with North Qiangtang block Triassic arc magmatic rocks and the discrepancies between ancient and current arc-trench distances, results in estimates of ∼20–170 km of Triassic subduction erosion. Results of P-T analyses show that most eclogite, amphibolite, and schist shared a similar clockwise P-T path, different from that of the gneiss, which records a higher geothermal gradient. The clockwise P-T trajectory, long exhumation duration, lack of significant heating during exhumation, and the South Qiangtang block affinity of the schist (host rock of the Baqing eclogite) are consistent with subduction-channel exhumation rather than diapiric rise through the mantle wedge. Geochemical similarities between the North Qiangtang block Triassic subduction-related rocks and the Baqing gneiss may signal the involvement of unexhumed Baqing metamorphic complex in the recycling of the Qiangtang crust.

To assess the role of protein-energy malnutrition on perioperative outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study and investigated patients ≥ 18 years old with pancreatic cancer undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy within the National inpatient sample database during 2012–2014. The study population was divided into two groups based on the presence of protein-energy malnutrition. In-hospital mortality, length of stay, cost of hospitalization, and in-hospital complications were compared between the two groups. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to adjust for potential confounders. A trend analysis was further conducted on the in-hospital outcomes. Of the 12,785 patients aged ≥ 18 years undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy during years 2012–2014, 9865 (77.0%) had no protein-energy malnutrition and 2920 (23.0%) had protein-energy malnutrition. Patients with protein-energy malnutrition were found to have significantly higher mortality rate, longer length of hospital stay, and higher total hospital cost compared to those without protein-energy malnutrition. The risks of gastroparesis, small bowel obstruction, intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage, infectious complications, and several systemic complications were found to be significantly higher in the protein-energy malnutrition group in a multivariate regression model. A study of trends from 2009 to 2012 revealed an increasing prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition, a declining trend in mortality and length of stay and a stable total hospital cost in the protein-energy malnutrition group. Protein-energy malnutrition was found to be associated with higher mortality, longer length of hospital stay and greater hospital cost in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy, as well as increased occurrence of various systemic complications. Attention should be paid to patients’ nutritional status, which can be corrected before surgery as an effective means to optimize postoperative results.

Background Preoperative intravenous rehydration for patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) is widely used in many medical centers, but its usefulness has not been well evaluated. The objective of this study was to compare the perioperative hemodynamics and early outcome between patients who received preoperative intravenous rehydration and those without for resection of PPGLs. Methods In this retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study, the data of patients who underwent surgery for PPGLs were collected. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they received or did not receive intravenous rehydration preoperatively. The primary endpoint was intraoperative hypotension, described as the cumulative time of mean arterial pressure Results Among 231 enrolled patients, 113 patients received intravenous rehydration of ≥2000 ml daily for ≥2 days before surgery and 118 patients who did not have any intravenous rehydration before surgery. After propensity score matching, 85 patients remained in each group. The median cumulative time of mean arterial pressure p = 0.909). The total dose of catecholamines given intraoperatively, volume of intraoperative fluids, intraoperative tachycardia and hypertension, percentage of patients who suffered from postoperative hypotension, postoperative diuretics use, and postoperative early outcome between the two groups were not significantly different either. Conclusions For patients with PPGLs, preoperative intravenous rehydration failed to optimize perioperative hemodynamics or improve early outcome.

Geochemical, Sr Nd isotopic and geochronological methods were used to reveal the protoliths and geodynamic implications of the newly discovered Triassic Baqing eclogites, eastern Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet. We assessed the mobility of trace elements, and it turned out that high field strength elements (HFSEs) and rare earth elements (REEs) were immobile in the high-pressure (HP) metamorphic process and reliably employed to discriminate the protoliths of the Baqing eclogites. Whole-rock geochemical data (especially immobile elements) suggested both arc-related (negative Nb Ta anomalies, high light (L) REEs/heavy (H) REEs ratios) and mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB)-related (without negative Nb Ta anomalies, relatively low REEs contents) characteristics, indicating the contribution of different proportions of subduction material with a backarc basin origin. According to the Sr Nd isotopic ratios (initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios: 0.7078–0.7086; eNd(t) values: −0.58 to +1.96), the protoliths of the Baqing eclogites originated from mantle which experienced continental crustal contamination in the subduction zone. Compared with nearby subduction-related magmatic rocks from eastern Qiangtang terrane, backarc basin was the most likely tectonic environment for the Baqing eclogite protoliths. The Jinsha Paleo-Tethyan Ocean southward subduction underneath East Qiangtang block (EQB) and rollback led to the formation of this backarc basin between the Late Permian and Early Triassic, and subsequent northward subduction of the backarc basin formed the Baqing eclogites in early Late Triassic (227–221 Ma).

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a model plant for Chinese herbal medicine with significant pharmacologic effects due to its tanshinone components. Our previous study indicated that nitrogen starvation stress increased its tanshinone content. However, the molecular mechanism of this low nitrogen-induced tanshinone biosynthesis is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza under different N conditions [N-free (N0), low-N (Nl), and full-N (Nf, as control) conditions] by using transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Our results showed 3,437 and 2,274 differentially expressed unigenes between N0 and Nf as well as Nl and Nf root samples, respectively. N starvation (N0 and Nl) promoted the expression of the genes involved in the MVA and MEP pathway of tanshinone and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Gene ontology and KEGG analyses revealed that terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, hormone signal transduction, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were promoted under N starvation conditions, whereas starch and sucrose metabolisms, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolisms, as well as membrane development were inhibited. Furthermore, metabolome analysis showed that metabolite compounds and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were upregulated. This study provided a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of tanshinone production in S. miltiorrhiza in response to nitrogen stress.

In order to explore the characteristics of PM

Compositional mapping images of one garnet, Triassic paleo-geographic facies of Qiangtang, summarized published Paleozoic and Proterozoic ages in Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya, mineral compositions, and chronology data of the Baqing metamorphic rocks.

In order to explore the pollution characteristics of the chemical components of atmospheric particulate matter in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area, size-resolved samples were collected from 2013 to 2014. The size distribution and seasonal variation of the chemical components of the particles were studied. The results showed that the total concentration of nine water-soluble ions in fine particles was higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer, while the concentration of coarse particles was highest in winter. The ratio of NO

Aquilaria sinensis is a typical inducible medicinal plant, that can produce agarwood only after it is wounded by external stimuli. Alternative oxidase(AOX) is one of the terminal oxidases of the plant mitochondrial electron transport, which plays an important role in plants' response to environmental stress. In order to reveal the physiological function of AOX gene in the process of agarwood formation from A.sinensis induced by wounding, AOX gene was cloned based on the transcriptome database and then identified by the bioinformatics analysis, and their expression pattern in different tissues and under wounding stress were detected by qRT-PCR. The results as follows. Three AOX genes were cloned from A.sinensis for the first time. They were named AsAOX1a, AsAOX1d and AsAOX2, respectively. The tissue expression shown that AsAOX1a is mainly expressed in the stem and the seed, and the AsAOX1d and AsAOX2 genes are mainly expressed in the pulp and the stem. AsAOX1a and AsAOX1d genes are highly responsive to wounding stress, and their response time was different. In addition, the expression of AsAOX1a and AsAOX2 induced by wounding are reduced by H_2O_2 treatment, but promoted by AsA treatment. The cloning, bioinformatics analysis and expression characteristics of AOX genes from A.sinensis provided basic information for further study the function of AOX genes in the development of A.sinensis, especially in the process of agarwood formation of A. sinensis induced by wounding.

The study of lithic raw material plays an important role in developing archeologists’ understanding of the different adaptive strategies and behaviors of prehistoric people. In this paper, we present new evidence from the Huayang site that reveals lithic raw material procurement and exploitation strategies dating to around 14 ka cal. BP. The Huayang site is located in the southern portion of the Lesser Khingan Mountains in Northeast China, a key region for examining migration, diffusion, and interaction among hunter-gatherers in East and Northeast Asia. Our results indicate that diversified lithic raw materials were found and procured from local riverbeds and reduced at the site. Each raw material was reduced with distinctive knapping strategies and, as a result, there is a strong discrete spatial pattern for each of the different raw material types. Intra- and inter-site comparative analyses suggest a uniform trend towards localization and diversification of lithic raw materials in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains, Northeast China during the Late Glacial, which seems to be associated with the paleoclimatic amelioration and the demographic expansion during this period. Introduction - The Huayang site Materials and methods - Raw material identification and geological survey - Lithic raw material economy, spatial distribution, and refitting Results - Raw material types - Raw material sources - Procurement patterns and reduction sequences of raw materials - Spatial distribution and raw material exploitation Discussion and conclusions - Lithic raw material economy of Huayang - Lithic resource localization and diversification as adaptive strategies

According to activity level data of various ammonia emission sources in Jiangsu Province, using a reasonable inventory calculation method and emission factor, an ammonia emission inventory in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2017 was established, and the trend of anthropogenic ammonia emissions over these years was analyzed. The distribution characteristics of anthropogenic ammonia emissions and emission intensity in Jiangsu Province were analyzed using ArcGIS software. The results showed that the ammonia emissions in Jiangsu Province decreased from 624.84 kt in 2013 to 562.47 kt in 2017 with an average annual rate of decline of approximately 2.6%. Agricultural has always been the most important source of ammonia emissions in Jiangsu Province and accounted for 82.4% of the total ammonia emissions in 2017. Laying hens are the largest source of ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry sources, accounting for 49.3% of the ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry. The average ammonia emission intensity in Jiangsu Province was 5.3 t·km

Little has been known regarding ~200-Myr-long geologic history of Central China during the Late Paleozoic between two major continental collisional events marked by ~480–440-Ma North Qinling–North Qaidam and ~230-Ma Dabie–Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) belts, respectively. The Gonghe basin is juxtaposed with major Chinese continental blocks across several outstanding Tethyan sutures in Central China and may hold answers to many critical questions about the tectonic amalgamation of China. In this paper, geochronological (laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, LA–ICP–MS), mineral chemistry, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data are presented for newly discovered Mid-Permian magmatic rocks in the Gonghe basin on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The data indicate that magmatism was active at ~270 Ma and shows a bimodal composition including gabbro, diabase and granite. Major oxides and trace elements are obviously correlated with SiO2 between the mafic and felsic rocks. They are both characterized by enrichments in light-rare-earth elements (LREEs) and large-ion-lithophile elements (LILEs), negative Eu anomalies and depletion in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs), together with similar Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic signature, suggesting that they likely shared the same magma chamber, and that the felsic rocks were produced by fractional crystallization of the mafic rocks. The high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7061 to 0.7094) and low eNd(t) values (−6.4 to −3.7), as well as Nb–Ta deletions indicate that they were likely derived from enriched mantle metasomatized by subduction-related fluids during the Early Paleozoic. In view of absence of coeval arc-related magmatism in contrast to broad seamount mafic magmatism in the Gonghe basin, the bimodal magmatism is ascribed to an intracontinental rifting event that could have been caused by transtension in Central China since the Mid-Permian, which could have been responsible for the initiation of the Gonghe and Songpan–Ganzi basins.

Three-dimensionally ordered hollow borate anions intercalated CoMgAl-LDH ball-flower with hierarchical porous structure have been prepared by using zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) as a self-sacrificing template. After calcination it, the obtained CoMgAl-borate LDO can inherit the hollow hierarchical porous structure. Its unique structure has the merits of low density, large specific surface area, large pore size distribution and short diffusion pathway, which should be beneficial to the adsorption of larger dye molecules. The maximum uptake capacity of CoMgAl-borate LDO can even reach as high as 1493.3 mg g−1 for Congo red (CR) and 990.1 mg g−1 for methyl orange (MO) owing to the hierarchical hollow porous structure, the “memory effect”, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bond and ion exchange between anionic dye and cationic adsorbent surface, surpassing those of most previously reported LDH-based adsorbents. The entire adsorption processes for CR and MO follow Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Moreover, the removal efficiency of CoMgAl-borate LDO can still reach 86.5% for CR and 84.3% for MO after recycling five times, indicating that CoMgAl-borate LDO is a very promising high-efficiency adsorbent. This work not only demonstrates that CoMgAl-borate LDO is a very green and efficient adsorbent for the removal of anionic dyes from wastewater, but also provides a strategy for the rational design and development of hollow nanostructures.

The Ganzi–Litang fault zone, an outstanding tectonic element in the eastern Tibetan Plateau has been intensively debated as an in-situ suture zone marking relict of a subducted Palaeo-Tethyan ocean...

We have conducted a paleomagnetic investigation on the Middle–Upper Jurassic marine strata exposed in the hanging wall of the Tanggula Thrust system near the Yanshiping area, northern Tibet. Progressive demagnetization experiments successfully isolated stable magnetization over a broad spectrum of demagnetization temperatures. The mean direction of the characteristic remanent magnetizations for the Middle–Late Jurassic Yanshiping Group in stratigraphic coordinates (D/I (Declination/Inclination) = 5.6°/60.3°, k = 22.9, α95 = 12.9°, N = 7 s) is much more clustered than the mean direction in geographic coordinates (D/I = 345.5°/37.2°, k = 2.5, α95 = 48.4°), indicating magnetization was not acquired after folding. Although the conventional fold test is positive, incremental untilting test on the characteristic remanent magnetization reveals that a maximum value of precision parameter k occurs at 82.1 ± 4.6% untilting (D/I = 3.3°/57.8°, k = 43.9, α95 = 9.2°), which indicates the ChRMs are probably acquired during Late Cretaceous folding. This synfolding magnetization component is therefore secondary. The corresponding pole position (84.4°N, 119.4°E with dp/dm = 13.5/9.9°) is inconsistent with Jurassic–Early Cretaceous paleopoles of the region, but the paleolatitude is consistent with the Late Cretaceous paleolatitude observed in the Qiangtang terrane and its periphery. The synfolding component is carried by both magnetite and hematite, which were identified by isothermal remnant magnetization acquisition experiments, unblocking temperatures of stable magnetic components, and Curie temperature determination and correlated with observed hydrothermal veins. Available geological evidences indicate that the synfolding magnetization is probably the result of chemical remagnetization caused by orogenic fluids or hydrothermal sources during the early uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.

The Lesser Khingan Mountains of north-eastern China are heavily forested, making archaeological site identification difficult owing to poor ground surface visibility. Nevertheless, several prehistoric archaeological site discoveries have been made in recent years and a limited number of excavations have been initiated. One of the most important sites to emerge is Taoshan, which has yielded stratified stone tool assemblages dating from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the mid-Holocene. Pollen profiles indicate significant changes in vegetation, fluctuating from steppe conditions during the LGM to forested conditions in the Bolling–Allerod interstadial (B–A) and the mid-Holocene. The stone tool assemblages from Taoshan were primarily produced from varieties of volcanic tuff, rhyolite, hornfels and agate. Geological prospecting and petrological analyses were performed to document procurement sources and changes in raw material exploitation strategies. During the LGM, the predominant raw material was vitric tuff, available from a source ca. 5–10 km from Taoshan. In the B–A and mid-Holocene layers, emphasis was on the exploitation of raw materials in gravel bars, although stone tool reduction techniques and raw material preferences changed considerably during this time interval. Diachronic changes in raw materials and exploitation strategies correspond to changes in vegetation and human adaptations.

Geochronological (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, LA-ICP-MS), mineral chemistry, major and trace element, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data are presented for the Tanggula granitoid, the largest granitic pluton in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The Tanggula pluton yields a Late Triassic emplacement age (228–223 Ma) and is magnesian (Mg# = 29.10–49.81), high-K calc-alkaline (K2O/Na2O = 0.76–3.51, mostly >1), and strongly peraluminous (molar Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O), A/CNK = 1.06–1.42, mostly >1.1). High initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.716849 to 0.730577) and low ƐNd(t) (−10.95 to −9.60) and ƐHf(t) values (−16 to −5.1), along with an abundance of aluminosilicate minerals (e.g., biotite), enrichments in light rare earth and large ion lithophile elements, negative Eu anomalies, and depletion in high field strength elements suggest that the Tanggula granitoid is an S-type granite derived mainly from the anatexis of metasedimentary source rocks. Geochemical fingerprinting using Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes and detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra shows that Triassic flysch sediments from the Songpan-Ganzi Paleo-Tethyan Ocean to the north of the pluton are the most likely source of the Tanggula granitic magmas. The Tanggula granitoid could thus have been formed by the partial melting of the flysch sediments from the Songpan-Ganzi complex as they were underthrust beneath the Qiangtang terrane along the Jinsha subduction zone during the Late Triassic.

The Qiangtang flood basalt province (QFBP) was recently recognized in northern Tibet, China. It erupted during the Sakmarian–Kungurian and covered an area of > 6.84 × 10 5 km 2 , reaching a maximum thickness of 1.5–2.0 km. The Qiangtang basalts have ocean-island basalt (OIB)-type trace element patterns, with enrichments of light rare-earth elements (LREEs) and Ti–Nb–Ta relative to similarly incompatible elements, as well as exhibiting no Eu-anomalies. The basalts show medium to high Sr and Pb isotopic ratios, and consistently positive e Nd (t). Strong correlations between Mg index, and major and trace elements indicate that the basalts have experienced fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene and olivine, and may have been generated by partial melting of an OIB-type mantle plume source with negligible crustal contamination. Similar early Permian basalts are also present in the Lhasa terrane, South Tibet–northern India, the Sanjiang area, and the Tarim basin. These basalts have an estimated original volume of > 7.51 × 10 5 km 3 , spread over an area of > 9.84 × 10 5 km 2 . We propose that the large-scale eruption of these flood basalts was related to a Sakmarian–Kungurian mantle plume that possibly initiated the disintegration of northern Gondwana and the formation of the Tethys oceans.

Limestone, a major part of the global sedimentary succession, susceptible to post-depositional diagenesis. Studies of limestone geochemistry are essential in the discrimination of tectonic settings of basins in which the limestones were deposited. Six Late Mesozoic and one Tertiary limestone successions of Tibet, western China, that were deposited in oceanic plateau, passive continental margin, active continental margin (fore-arc basin, back-arc basin and foreland basin) and continental inland freshwater basins were analyzed for their major, trace and rare earth element (REE) composition. This geochemical dataset, in combination with the Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program (DSDP and ODP) literature geochemical data regarding limestones deposited in open ocean environments, permitted delineation of the geochemical characteristics of limestones accumulated in these various plate tectonic settings. Major elements (e.g., Fe2O3 and MnO, except for CaO) of these limestone successions show large variations but are positively correlated with Al2O3. The REE and trace element abundances for the inland and margin limestones show a distinct positive correlation with Al2O3 whereas REEs and trace elements of the open ocean limestones are positively correlated with MnO. There is a systematic increase in the magnitude of Ce anomalies of open ocean floor limestones away from spreading ridges to open ocean highs, to passive margins, and to active margins and inland freshwater basins. Open ocean limestones display a narrow range of (La/Sm)n (0.46–0.96), (Sm/Yb)n (0.25–1.96), and (La/Yb)n (0.23–1.38) but high (La/Ce)n (> 1.5) whereas the inland + margins limestones display a much larger range ((La/Sm)n (0.43–2.18), (Sm/Yb)n (0.6–2.98) and (La/Yb)n (0.7–2.25) but low (La/Ce)n (

In this paper, we attempt to determine the source of the hornfels used to make the famous Late Middle Pleistocene lithic industry from Dingcun in North China. By combining geological mapping and geochemical fingerprinting (μ-XRF), we demonstrate that the source of the hornfels was around the Dagudui Mountain, 7 km east of Dingcun. Taking into consideration the Gujiao site, which is also located along the Fenhe River, the Palaeolithic inhabitants of the Fenhe River drainage basin had a good knowledge of the local rock sources, and used them over a very long period from the Middle Pleistocene to the Neolithic. Our geochemical data not only helps us to establish the source of the Dingcun industry, but also provides a reliable basis for the sub-classification of the hornfels that is more accurate than that resulting from visual inspection. In addition, our research initiates a new method for studying raw material sources of Chinese Paleolithic sites.

The Bangong Meso-Tethys plays a critical role in the development of the Tethyan realm and the initial elevation of the Tibetan Plateau. However, its precise subduction polarity, and history still remain unclear. In this study, we synthesize a report for the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous two-phase magmatic rocks in the Gaize region at the southern margin of the Qiangtang block located in central Tibet. These rocks formed during the Late Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous (161–142 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (128–106 Ma), peaking at 146 Ma and 118 Ma, respectively. The presence of inherited zircons indicates that an Archean component exists in sediments in the shallow Qiangtang crust, and has a complex tectonomagmatic history. Geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data show that the two-phase magmatic rocks exhibit characteristics of arc magmatism, which are rich in large-ion incompatible elements (LIIEs), but are strongly depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs). The Late Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous magmatic rocks mixed and mingled among mantle-derived mafic magmas, subduction-related sediments, or crustally-derived felsic melts and fluids, formed by a northward and steep subduction of the Bangong Meso-Tethys ocean crust. The magmatic gap at 142–128 Ma marks a flat subduction of the Meso-Tethys. The Early Cretaceous magmatism experienced a magma MASH (melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization) process among mantle-derived mafic magmas, or crustally-derived felsic melts and fluids, as a result of the Meso-Tethys oceanic slab roll-back, which triggered simultaneous back-arc rifting along the southern Qiangtang block margin.

Novel magnetic microspheres with core-shell structure, Fe3O4@SiO2@MgAl-borate LDH had been fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach, in which the borate anions intercalated layered double hydroxides (MgAl-borate LDHs) loaded on a SiO2-coated Fe3O4 magnetite core, forming a flower-like hierarchical porous structure constructed by the assembly of ultrathin nanosheets. This composite was characterized via XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, TG-DSC and VSM. It possessed superparamagnetic property, large specific surface area, moderate pore volume and excellent chemical stability. Benefiting from this unique structure, it exhibited superb adsorption performance. Its maximum adsorption capacities were 158.98 mg g−1 for CR at 298 K with pH = 4 and 86.73 mg g−1 for Cr(VI) at 298 K with pH = 5, which were larger than most of other similar adsorbent. The adsorption reaction followed the Langmuir model as well as pseudo-second-order rate equation. The higher temperature was in favour of adsorption. The ionic strength showed little effect on the sorption Cr(VI). Furthermore, the possible formation mechanism of this composite and its adsorption mechanism were also proposed. Overall, this new composite is expected to be an excellent adsorbent for CR and Cr (VI) in wastewater due to its superior structural stability, high efficiency, good reusability, and easy collection by magnetic separation.

Genesis and evolution mechanisms of granites provide clues regarding the development of architecture and composition of continental crust. Lithologically zoned granitoid complexes and mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are common and enlightening in understanding of genesis and, particularly the dynamic evolution of granitoid magmas, as well as mantle–crust interaction. The Late Jurassic Xurucuo plutonic complex (XPC) in the South Lhasa is diverse in lithology, being composed of zoned monzogranite, granodiorite, quartz diorite, diorite, and MME. Here, zircon U Pb ages, oxygen and hafnium isotopes, and whole-rock and mineral geochemistries of the XPC were determined in order to reveal the genesis of the zoned pluton, and further, the dynamic processes of the crustal magmas. The XPC granitoids are high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous to moderately peraluminous, I-type and arc-related magmatic rocks. These rocks were dated to be 159–154 Ma, with zircon δ18O values of 6.87–8.83‰ and negative eHf(t) values of −18.4 to −9.7. The concomitance of different lithologies and consistent O − Hf isotopic compositions suggest a prolonged cognate evolution of the magmas. The lithological and geochemical features of these granitoids indicate that they were generated from the reworking of crystal magma mush at shallow crustal levels aided by magma replenish, mixing and subsequent fractional crystallization. Combining our results with those of previous studies for the Late Jurassic magmatism in the Lhasa terrane, we propose an integrated model wherein mantle-derived magma intruded into crustal mush during the northward subduction of the Yarlung-Zangbo Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere beneath the Lhasa terrane.

Objective: To investigate the effects of serum alpha-fetoprotein and uric acid levels on pregnancy outcome in late pregnancy women with hypertensive disorder. Methods: One hundred and twenty-six cases of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy were rolled into the observation group, and 80 healthy pregnant women were rolled into the as control group. The relationship between serum alpha-fetoprotein and uric acid levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the serum levels of AFP and serum uric acid were significantly higher in the observation group, and the differences were statistically significant (P

The northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (NETP) represents an ideal site to probe the far-field effects and plateau growth in response to the collisions of Eurasia Continent with India Plate and intervening terranes. Here, we investigate the fold-and-thrust deformation of the Shule River region in the hinterland of Qilian Shan, NETP since Mesozoic, based on geological mapping and structural analysis to evaluate the role of multiple-phase deformation in plateau rise and growth. The structural style of the Shule River region is dominated by the foreland-verging Liuhuang Shan fold-and-thrust belt (LHTB) to the southwest and the hinterland-verging Tuolai Nan Shan fold-and-thrust belt (TLTB) to the northeast, separated by the Cenozoic Shule River intermontane basin. Integrated with published thermochronological, sedimentological and structural data, our study reveals four significant deformation phases in the NETP since the Mesozoic. During the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic time, the regional deformation spread in the NETP and produced the Jura-type folds and related thrusts of the LHTB in the study area under the NE-SW-directed compression, and was likely driven by the collision between the Qiangtang and Kunlun terranes. During the late Early Cretaceous, the continuous Lhasa-Qiangtang collision induced reactivation of the LHTB and an extensive exhumation event in the NETP. Since the Early Eocene, the upper crustal shortening and initial uplift of the NETP have accommodated the far-field stress of India-Eurasian collision. Given the widespread Miocene uplift event in the NETP, revealed by previous studies, we attribute the southwestward thrusting of the TLTB and tight-isoclinal syncline of the Oligocene-Miocene Baiyanghe Formation to the significant crustal shortening and topographical growth of NETP during the Early-Middle Miocene. The reactivation of TLTB and newly generated low-angle reverse faults represent gently tilted deformation and plateau growth in response to surface uplift of NETP as a whole since the Late Miocene. Our results imply that the multiple-phase deformation in the NETP since the Late Triassic should have been a first-order control on plateau growth.

Thiocyanate (SCN

Quinoline is one of the common refractory organic pollutants in coking wastewater. An aerobic bacterial strain KDQ3 capable of utilizing quinoline as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy was isolated from activated sludge of a coking wastewater treatment plant. The morphological properties and the 16S rDNA sequence identified KDQ3 as

As a new, persistent pollutant in the environment, antibiotics are one of the most important pollutants in sewage treatment plants. The objective of this work was to investigate the concentration distribution and removal efficiency of antibiotics for three typical wastewater treatment technologies applied in small towns (CASS, A

The Triassic eclogite-bearing central Qiangtang metamorphic belt (CQMB) in the northern Tibetan Plateau has been debated whether it is a metamorphic core complex underthrust from the Jinsha Paleo-Tethys or an in-situ Shuanghu suture. The CQMB is thus a key issue to elucidate the crustal architecture of the northern Tibetan Plateau, the tectonics of the eastern Tethys, and the petrogenesis of Cenozoic high-K magmatism. We here report the newly discovered Baqing eclogite along the eastern extension of the CQMB near the Baqing town, central Tibet. These eclogites are characterized by the garnet + omphacite + rutile + phengite + quartz assemblages. Primary eclogite-facies metamorphic pressure–temperature estimates yield consistent minimum pressure of 25 ± 1 kbar at 730 ± 60 °C. U–Pb dating on zircons that contain inclusions (garnet + omphacite + rutile + phengite) gave eclogite-facies metamorphic ages of 223 Ma. The geochemical continental crustal signature and the presence of Paleozoic cores in the zircons indicate that the Baqing eclogite formed by continental subduction and marks an eastward-younging anticlockwise West–East Qiangtang collision along the Shuanghu suture from the Middle to Late Triassic.

We report the occurrence, mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry, and geochronology of two types of eclogites newly discovered in the western Bangong Meso–Tethyan suture zone (Gaize, central Tibet, western China). Type 1 eclogites contain a peak metamorphic mineral assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene whereas Type 2 ones are characterized by a peak metamorphic mineral assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + rutile. Type 2 clinopyroxene and garnet are relatively more enriched in Mg contents than Type 1 ones. Type 2 eclogites are significantly more enriched in TiO2, P2O5, and light rare-earth elements, but more depleted in Al2O3 contents and Mg numbers. P–T estimates for both types of eclogites are consistent with minimum pressures of 23–25 kbar at 830–920°C, with the retrograde amphibolite facies assemblage of 15.2–17.5 kbar and 500–732°C. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the protolith of Type 1 eclogites, with normal mid-ocean ridge basalt affinity, emplaced at ~260 Ma, whereas the protolith of Type ...

In order to constrain the detrital provenance of the siliciclastic rocks, palaeogeographic variations, and crustal growth history of central China, we carried out simultaneously in situ U–Pb dating and trace element and Hf isotope analyses on 368 detrital zircons obtained from upper Permian–Triassic sandstones of the Songpan terrane, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Two groups of detrital zircons, i.e. magmatic and metamorphic in origin, have been identified based on cathodoluminescence images, zircon Ti-temperatures, and Th/U ratios. Our data suggest that the derivation of siliciclastic rocks in the Songpan terrane was mainly from the Qinling, Qilian, and Kunlun orogens, whereas the Yangtze and North China Cratons served as minor source areas during late Permian–Triassic times. The detrital zircons from Middle–Late Triassic siliciclastic rocks exhibit wide age spectra with two dominant populations of 230–600 Ma and >1600 Ma, peaking at ~1.8–1.9 Ga and ~2.4–2.5 Ga, suggestive of a derivation from the Qinling, Qil...

We report the occurrences of the remnants of a Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateau, encompassing an area of ~ 2 × 105 km2 in central Tibet. The plateau remnants include large volumes of pillow basalt formed largely by emergent to subaerial eruption, minor ultramafic intrusives and cumulates, exotic blocks of limestone, radiolarian chert, graywacke, and shale. Isotopic and paleontological dating suggest two major plateau eruptive events at 193–173 Ma and at 128–104 Ma, respectively. The basalts are characterized by enrichment of incompatible elements and a wide range of Sr–Nd isotope composition (initial eNd from –3.71 to + 7.9, initial 87Sr/86Sr from 0.703927 to 0.707618). The trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic data suggest that these basalts are of affinity with those from the Kerguelen and Tethyan plumes, indicative of a plume mantle upwelling origin with involvement of continental material. The wholesale obduction of the Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateau, along with the dismembered normal oceanic crustal fragments, over the Tibetan continental crust could have given rise to perhaps 2 km elevation of central Tibet during the Late Cretaceous.

CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was used to deal with the waste leachate in CWAO technology of, and the SEM and TEM characterization showed: active component in the surface of the carrier distribution is uniform; In CWAO process, six factors, based on the CODCr removal rate and turbidity removal rate, the biggest impact factor is reaction temperature, and the influence factors of the top three were reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and reaction time. The influence factors of those in the bottom three are influent water pH, oxygen partial pressure, stirring intensity, and three factors of influence on the strength is close. Optimizing operation process, in order: reaction temperature of 200 °C, catalyst dosage of 1.5 g, oxygen partial pressure of 2.0 MPa, stirring intensity 800 rpm, influent water pH of 7.0, the reaction time of 70 min.

We conducted in situ U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope analyses of 401 detrital zircons collected from the Songpan–Ganzi Triassic turbidite complex in an attempt to understand the provenance variations of the siliciclastic rocks and the crustal growth history of central China. These detrital zircons exhibit a wide age spectrum with three major peaks at 1.7–2.0 Ga, 750–1050 Ma, and 210–500 Ma. They are dominated by negative ϵHf(t) values with a large range. Synthesis of the zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data indicate that the Triassic Songpan–Ganzi turbiditic succession could have been derived dominantly from the Tibetan terrains + the Kunlun and Qinling orogens. Our samples are characterized by a common, prominent group of Hf crust formation model ages at 0.8–4.1 Ga with a peak at 2.7–3.4 Ga. This fact indicates that (1) Phanerozoic magmatism in central China could have been predominantly products of crustal reworking with insignificant formation of juvenile crust and (2) the Neoarchaean was an important period of ...

Major and trace element, Sr–Nd–Pb and zircon U–Pb and Hf isotope data are presented for the newly discovered Abushan volcanic rocks in the southern Qiangtang Terrane, central Tibet. These results offer new insights into the evolution of the Tibetan plateau during Cretaceous. The Abushan volcanic rocks are composed mainly of andesites and trachy-andesites. Zircon U–Pb dating constrains the timing of emplacement as Late Cretaceous (79.9 ± 2.7–75.9 ± 0.49 Ma). Major element geochemistry shows that the Abushan volcanic rocks belong to high-K calc-alkaline series. All the andesites and trachy-andesites are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE), and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE). The geochemical features and ages of the Abushan volcanic rocks relate them with post-collisional setting. Furthermore, the volcanic rocks display negative eNd(t) (− 3.1 to − 2.5), relatively constant 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70614–0.70735) and negative eHf(t) values (− 5.8 to − 2.1). The Sr–Nd–Pb and Hf isotope signature suggests that the andesites and trachy-andesites were derived from the anatexis of mafic lower crust by intrusion or underplating of mantle-derived basaltic magma. The petrogenesis of Abushan andesites provides robust evidence for the crustal thickening, delamination and early uplifting of central Tibet during Late Cretaceous.

Eclogitic metasediments from the central Qiangtang metamorphic terrane provide new insights into the continental subduction during the eastern and western Qiangtang collision. Petrologic observations show that the metasediments correspond to meta-sandstones of a continental margin. It is characterized by the garnet + omphacite + rutile + phengite + quartz assemblage, and the peak metamorphic temperature and pressure were estimated to be 535 ± 40 °C and ∼27 kbar, respectively, by major element partitioning thermobarometry. Subsequent retrogression occurred at ∼472 ± 30 °C and ∼6–9 kbar. The occurrence of eclogitized central Qiangtang terrane indicates the subduction of the western Qiangtang passive continental margin beneath eastern Qiangtang when eastern and western Qiangtang collided along the Shuanghu suture.

Pteris vittata L. can absorb and accumulate high arsenic levels in soil. To clarify the occurrence characteristics of pyrene (PYR) and arsenate (As) as well as their interaction in P. vittata L., the hosting and distribution rules of PYR were determined via two-photon laser scanning confocal microscopy (TPLSCM). The results showed that PYR addition resulted in obviously lower concentrations of total As in various parts of P. vittata, with a largest decrease of about 35% in the leaves and stem, and 20. 5% in the roots. PYR addition could also decrease the proportion of trivalent arsenic and increased that of pentavalent arsenate in different parts of P. vittata. The concentrations of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic in the leaves of P. vittata showed the largest decrement, which were 42.2% and 32.49%, respectively. Arsenate addition increased the accumulation of PYR in the root and stem of P. vittata by 9.8 µg and 139 ng per plant, respectively, while no obvious influence was found on the PYR in the leaves. Pyrene mainly attached to the cell membrane and other membrane structure such as nuclear membrane and organelle membrane, and there was less pyrene in the cytoplasm. There was little PYR in the phloem and cortex in the stem as well as palisade tissue and spongy tissue in leaves.

The elevation of the Tibetan plateau is a revolutionary event in the Earth history, which resulted in change not only of Cenozoic regional and global climate but also of monsoon intensity. A critical aspect for the development of the Tibetan plateau that remains open to intense debate is whether the collision among the Tibetan continental blocks or the subduction of the Tethys prior to the Indo-Asian collision in the Cenozoic contributed to the plateau growth. We propose here that an Andean-type orogen could have been present in southern Tibet from the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, but collapsed during the Middle Cretaceous, based on a synthesis of existing structural, sedimentary, geochronological, and geochemical data. The orogeny is marked by north-verging Jurassic–Early Cretaceous thrusting in the Lhasa block, a result of flat subduction of the Yarlung-Zangpo Neo-tethys that is recorded by a narrow belt of 205–174 Ma adakitic rocks along the southernmost margin of the Lhasa block. Denudation of the orogen produced a thick (up to 15 km) sequence of Jurassic turbidites and molasse-type sediments on the northern Lhasa block. Widespread Middle Cretaceous (135–100 Ma) postorogenic, strongly peraluminous to calc-alkaline, magmatism and extensional deformation in the Lhasa block and an extensive marine transgression in Tibet indicate that the orogen broke down due to extension resulting from lithosphere delamination and asthenosphere upwelling. Meanwhile, the north-dipping subduction of the Bangong Meso-tethys produced a wide Jurassic–Middle Cretaceous magmatic arc along the southern margin of the Qiangtang block. Findings of 132–108 Ma-aged ophiolites rich with Middle Cretaceous radiolarians in central Tibet indicate that the Bangong Meso-tethys did not close until the Late Cretaceous. Repeated flat slab subduction of the Yarlung-Zangpo Neo-tethys occurred during the Late Cretaceous (90–78 Ma) as indicated by the adakites in the southernmost Lhasa block, which, together with the ongoing Qiangtang–Lhasa collision, could have contributed to the growth of the Tibetan plateau.

Succinic acid is considered as an important platform chemical. Succinic acid fermentation with Actinobacillus succinogenes strain BE-1 was optimized by central composite design (CCD) using a response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized production of succinic acid was predicted and the interactive effects between glucose, yeast extract, and magnesium carbonate were investigated. As a result, a model for predicting the concentration of succinic acid production was developed. The accuracy of the model was confirmed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the validity was further proved by verification experiments showing that percentage errors between actual and predicted values varied from 3.02% to 6.38%. In addition, it was observed that the interactive effect between yeast extract and magnesium carbonate was statistically significant. In conclusion, RSM is an effective and useful method for optimizing the medium components and investigating the interactive effects, and can provide valuable information for succinic acid scale-up fermentation using A. succinogenes strain BE-1.

Succade wastewater, which was produced in manufacturing process, was treated with two kinds of coagulating agents PAC and ferrous sulfate. The influences of pH, concentration of coagulating agent on COD value, turbidity have been studied. The results of the experiments have shown that for ferrous sulfate, there is an obvious positive correlation, but no significant relation with turbidity removal rate was presented in the statistics; As for PAC, the turbidity declined significantly as PAC dosage increases, only when pH=5 that COD removal rate shows a clear positive correlation with PAC dosage.

Understanding why continental deformation departs from the theory of plate tectonics requires a detailed knowledge of three-dimensional structures at a lithospheric scale. In Tibet, the end-member models of continental deformation make distinctively different predictions on strain distribution and contrasting structural geometry as a function of depth. Specifically, the thin-viscous-sheet model predicts vertically coherent deformation while channel-flow and continental-subduction models predict the presence of sub-horizontal detachment zones within or at the base of the Tibetan crust during the Cenozoic deformation. To differentiate the above models, we conducted a high-resolution seismic-reflection survey across the active left-slip Kunlun fault and its nearby contractional structures. The results of this work show that the actively deforming middle Tibetan crust is dominated by discrete sub-horizontal simple-shear zones that terminate the sub-vertical, left-slip Kunlun fault above and mantle-cutting thrusts below. The flat shear zones appear to act as roof and floor thrusts of large duplex structures that transfer shortening strain from locally deformed and coupled lower crust and mantle lithosphere below to the high-strain domains of the upper crust above. The middle-crustal strain-transfer model proposed here implies that the weak Tibetan middle crust may not be active everywhere during the Indo-Asian collision. It also predicts that the kinematics of the activated portions of the middle crust, whether being deformed by simple shear or channel-flow deformation, may vary from place to place, depending strongly on the lateral variation of mechanical strength at different depths of the lithosphere. Our approach of establishing the kinematics of middle-crust deformation departs significantly from the early work that emphasizes exclusively the role of vertically varying rheology in controlling the mode of continental deformation.