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The genetic element ‘Mona’ has been shown previously to be associated with resistance to demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) in Monilinia fructicola. In this study, the promoter activity of the ‘Mona’ element was demonstrated genetically and the activity was narrowed down to a 20‐bp active region through a series of deletions. ‘Mona’ knockout transformants (ΔMona) were generated from DMI‐resistant isolate Bmpc7, and EC(50) values and expression of the MfCYP51 gene were found to be reduced in transformants compared with the parental isolate. When the ‘Mona’ element was inserted into the upstream region of the MfCYP51 gene of the DMI‐sensitive isolate HG3, the EC(50) values and expression of the MfCYP51 gene increased in the transformants compared with the parental sensitive isolate. These results indicate that the ‘Mona’ element determines the DMI fungicide resistance through the up‐regulation of the expression of the downstream MfCYP51 gene. No fitness penalty was observed in knockout and insertion transformants, i.e. transformants showed similar mycelial growth rate, sporulation and ability to cause lesions on fruit compared with their parental isolates, suggesting that the ‘Mona’ element does not affect basal life activities.

Computer monitor systems are widely applied in many fields, such as industrial control, environmental monitoring, and intelligent transportation etc. Here is an example for computer supervising system which applied in power monitoring, and the software for Supervisor Computer is developed by KingView Tools, and the slave one is developed by the library functions integrated with 7188 system under Turbo C 2.0. A general serial communication solution is proposed and realized.

Computer monitor systems are widely used in many fields nowadays, and the digital input and output module, analog input module which most commonly used in computer monitor systems are simulated by software, including the protocols to operate them. RS-232 to RJ-45 converter is designed to extend the serial communication distance, and RS-232 to RS-232 converter to connect two devices in different serial communication parameters and capture their protocols to database. Finally, a simulated development platform on computer monitor systems is constructed through all those software tools described above. Since computer monitor technologies concerning comprehensive professional courses, applied teaching examples are given accordingly.