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Additional file 1. Table S1. Baseline clinical characteristics of patients with atrial fbrillation.

Additional file 2. Fig. S1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for Freedom from AF/AT recurrence of all patients.

The cover image is based on the Original Article Metronomic chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate in advanced breast cancer: Real‐world data and experience of one center (CHJC‐D‐19‐00380) by Shusen Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12029. [Image: see text]

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, which recently attracts great interest for immune therapeutic development. In this context, in-depth understanding of TNBC immune landscape is highly demanded. Here we report single-cell RNA sequencing results of 9683 tumor-infiltrated immune cells isolated from 14 treatment naïve TNBC tumors, where 22 immune cell subsets, including T cells, macrophages, B cells, and DCs have been characterized. We identify a new T cell subset, CD8+CXCL8+ naïve T cell, which associates with poor survival. A novel immune cell subset comprised of TCR+ macrophages, is found to be widely distributed in TNBC tumors. Further analyses reveal an up-regulation of molecules associated with TCR signaling and cytotoxicity in these immune cells, indicating TCR signaling activation. Altogether, our study provides a valuable resource to understand the immune ecosystem of TNBC. The novel immune cell subsets reported herein might be functionally important in cancer immunity.SIGNIFICANCEThis work demonstrates a single-cell transcriptome atlas of immune cells in treatment naïve TNBC tumors, revealing novel immune cell subsets. This study provides a valuable resource to understand the immune ecosystem of TNBC, which will be helpful for the immunotherapeutic strategy design of TNBC.

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) might be related to treatment efficacy in patients with breast cancer because of circulating estrogen antagonism. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between NAFLD and survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer who were treated with tamoxifen or toremifene. This single-center, retrospective, cohort study included 785 eligible patients who received tamoxifen or toremifene, after curative resection for breast cancer, at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2005 and December 2009. Data were extracted from patient medical records. All patients underwent abdominal ultrasonography, at least once, at baseline and at the annual follow-up. Patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD on ultrasonography were classified into the NAFLD or the non-NAFLD arm at the 3-year follow-up visit. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate any associations between NAFLD and disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS). One hundred fifty-eight patients were diagnosed with NAFLD. Patients who developed NAFLD had better DFS and OS compared with those who did not. Univariate analyses revealed that the 5-year DFS rates were 91.56% and 85.01% for the NAFLD and non-NAFLD arms, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37–0.96; log-rank P = 0.032). The 5-year OS rates were 96.64% and 93.31% for the NAFLD and non-NAFLD arms, respectively (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16–0.99; log-rank P = 0.039). Multivariate analysis revealed that NAFLD was an independent prognostic factor for DFS, improving the DFS rate by 41% compared with that in the non-NAFLD arm (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36–0.96; P = 0.033). SERM-associated NAFLD was independently associated with improved DFS and might be useful for predicting treatment responses in breast cancer patients treated with SERMs.