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Stroke has high disability rate and high mortality rate, resulting in huge disease burden to society and individuals. In the context of highly informationization of global health system, countries have built and improved various public health information platform to provide support for health decision-making through public health information collection, classification, extraction, analysis and sharing in the research of disease burden of stroke. Based on the retrieval of domestic and foreign literatures, this paper summarizes the research methods of stroke-caused disease burden and its public health information sources in China, evaluates the significance of public health as well as the limitations of each research method of disease burden and describes the application and development of stroke-caused disease burden big data platform in the world, and provide suggestions for establishing a more modern and information-based stroke-caused disease burden evaluation system in China by analyzing the limitations of the existing stroke-caused disease burden evaluation system.脑卒中发病具有致残率高、死亡率高的特点，给社会和个人带来巨大的疾病负担。在全球卫生系统高度信息化的今天，各国纷纷搭建与完善公共卫生信息平台，通过平台中的公共卫生信息实现收集、整理、挖掘、分析、共享一体化，研究脑卒中的疾病负担，为卫生决策提供支撑。本研究通过对国内外文献资料进行检索复习，概述了我国脑卒中疾病负担的研究方法及其公共卫生信息来源，评价了各个疾病负担研究方法的公共卫生学意义以及局限性，描述了全球以及我国脑卒中疾病负担大数据平台的应用及发展情况，并通过总结我国现有的脑卒中疾病负担评价系统的局限性，对我国建立更加现代化以及信息化的脑卒中疾病负担评价系统提供建议。.

SUMMARYTen leading varieties of winter wheat released during 1950–2009 in North China were tested in a free-air temperature increase (FATI) facility. The FATI facility mimicked the local air temperature pattern well, with an increase of 1·1 °C in the daily mean temperature. For all the tested varieties, warming caused a significant reduction in the total length of wheat growth period by 5 days and especially in the pre-anthesis period, where it was reduced by 9 days. However, warming increased wheat biomass production and grain yield by 8·4 and 11·4%, respectively, on an average of all the tested varieties. There was no significant difference in the warming-led reduction in the entire growth period among the tested varieties. Interestingly, the warming-led increments in biomass production and grain yield increased along with the variety release year. Significantly higher warming-led increases in post-anthesis biomass production and 1000-grain weight were found in the new varieties compared to the old ones. Meanwhile, a significant improvement in plant productivity was noted due to wheat breeding during the past six decades, while no significant difference in the length of entire growth period was found among the varieties released in different eras. The results demonstrate that historical wheat breeding might have enhanced winter wheat productivity and adaptability through exploiting the positive effects rather than mitigating the negative impacts of warming on wheat growth in North China.

Ultrafine alumina powder was prepared through the method of electric spark plasma ablation and a study was carried out by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis and laser particle size analysis. The following conclusions were drawn: the alumina can be prepared by spark, which gives an upper layer powder and lower layer coarse powder. Upper powder is mainly γ-alumina and α-alumina, and a small portion of residual aluminium, and the particle size is a few tenths of a micrometre. Lower coarse powder is mainly two kinds of α-alumina and more residual aluminium, having a particle size of several tens of micrometres. Upper powder will be reunited, because of the presence of aluminium hydroxide powder that makes the alumina particles stick together. The thickness of the rod, pulse width and pulse interval may affect particle size.

α-SnWO4 photocatalysts were prepared in different solvent mediated conditions via a solvothermal method. The effects of solvents on the morphology and structure of the products were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and UV—visible techniques. The results indicate that the samples with various morphologies, different surface areas, pore parameters and bandgap energies can be obtained. Photocatalytic test shows ethylene glycol mediated α-SnWO4 nanosheets exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for its degradation of methyl orange compared with aqueous, diluted hydrochloric acid, methanol and ethanol mediated samples. In addition, ethylene glycol mediated α-SnWO4 was measured to be stable while undergoing the photocatalytic process. These results suggest that, the solvent in the synthetic system is one of the important factors tuning the microstructure, morphology, surface area and purity of α-SnWO4 powders, and hence affects the optical absorption pe...

SUMMARYFertilizer application can play an important role in soil organic carbon (SOC) retention and dynamics. The mechanisms underlying long-term accumulation and protection of SOC in intensive maize cropping systems, however, have not been well documented for cool high-latitude rainfed areas. Based on a 23-year fertilization experiment under a continuous maize cropping system at Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, China, the effects of fertilization regimes on SOC content and soil aggregate-associated carbon (C) composition were investigated. Results showed that, within the 0–1·0 m soil profile, SOC contents decreased significantly with soil depth in all treatments. In the topsoil layer (0–0·2 m), SOC concentrations in balanced inorganic fertilizers plus farmyard manure (MNPK), fallow system (FAL) and balanced inorganic fertilizers plus maize straw residue (SNPK) treatments were significantly greater than initial levels by 61·0, 34·1 and 20·1%, respectively. The MNPK and SNPK treatments increased SOC content by 50·7 and 12·4% compared to the unfertilized control in the topsoil layer, whereas no significant differences were found between balanced inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (NPK) and the unfertilized control treatment. There were no significant differences in aggregate-size distribution among the unfertilized control, NPK and MNPK treatments, whereas the SNPK treatment significantly enhanced the formation of micro-aggregates (53–250 μm) and decreased the formation of silt+clay aggregates (μm) compared to the unfertilized control, NPK and MNPK treatments. Moreover, SOC concentrations in all aggregate fractions in the MNPK treatment were the highest among treatments. Furthermore, the MNPK treatment significantly increased SOC stock in micro- and silt+clay aggregates, which may slow down C decomposition in the soil. These results indicate that long-term manure amendment can benefit SOC sequestration and stability in the black soil of Northeast China.

This study investigated the changes of leaf photosynthetic characteristic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter responding to drought stress (DS) in two species of maize at elongating stage. The results of net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and light intensity response curve indicated that Pn reduced with enhanced light intensity. Photoinhibition in varying degrees appeared in different genotype varieties, and DS intensified the extent of photoinhibition. Results showed that for DS at elongating stage, Pn of the cultivar JD28 was insensitive to highlight. Pmax and Rd decreased, and physiological activity reduced obviously. Compared with JD28, JD261 decreased more. Moreover, DS resulted in decreased light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP). And it caused highlight utilization ratio reduced but weak light use efficiency increased. JD28 had higher light use efficiency. Diurnal variation curve of Fv/Fm changed greatly in DS and there was no significant difference between the two species. DS treatments decreased photochemical quenching (qP), PhiPS2 and Fv’/Fm’, while it increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The reduction of PhiPS2 was caused by the decrease of qP and Fv’/Fm’. DS treatments weakened maize leaves’ capability of assimilation, transformation and light energy utilization. JD28 could use more light than JD261 in photosynthesis. While JD261’s light use efficiency was lower, the less light used for photosynthesis and the excessive photon flux energy was dissipated in form of heat. Key words: Elongating stage, maize, drought-tolerance, photosynthesis.

A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of the five isoflavones (tectoridin, iridin, tectorigenin, irigenin and irisflorentin) in the rhizome of Belamcanda and Iris was developed. The column was packed with TSK gel ODS 80 TS (150 mm x 4.6 mm). Methanol-water (36%-60%) was used as mobile phase. The method was rapid, sensitive, precise and has good reproducibility. The five isoflavones in the crude drugs were completely separated within 40 min. Recoveries of the five constituents were 98.41%-101.93%. The crude drugs were analysed as follows: The powdered sample was refluxed with methanol for 6 hours. The extract was transferred into a 2 ml volumetric flask and diluted to mark with methanol. A definite amount of this sample solution was injected into RP-HPLC. The contents of the five constituents in the rhizomes of Belamcanda and Iris were calculated from the relevant peak heights or peak areas. The analytical results of determination for various species and habitats are shown in Tab 2-5.

Three elderberry lectins isolated from the bark of three different species of the genus Sambucus which are native to Europe (S. nigra), North America (S. canadensis), and Japan (S. sieboldiana) were studied comparatively with regard to their carbohydrate binding properties and some structural features. All three lectins contained two identical carbohydrate binding sites per molecule and showed a very high specificity for the Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)-Gal/GalNAc sequence. However, relative affinities for various oligosaccharides were significantly different among them, suggesting differences in the detailed structure of the carbohydrate binding sites of these lectins. The three lectins were immunologically related, but not identical, and all were composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic subunit regions, although the molecular sizes of these subunits were slightly different among the three lectins. N-terminal sequence analysis of the subunits of these lectins suggested that they have a very similar structure in this region but also indicated the occurrence of N-terminal processing such as the deletion of several amino acid residues at the N-termini for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic subunits of all three lectins. Tryptic peptide mapping of the three lectins showed a similar pattern for all of them but also showed the presence of some unique peptides for each lectin.

This paper reports 414 cases of supratentorial ischemic cerebral infarcts diagnosed by CT. The clinical analysis was presented. CT value, specific changes in the CT pictures of the infarcts and ventricles were observed in accordance with the stages of the disorder. On the basis of these observations the development of the infarcts on CT can be divided into 4 stages. It is the first time that an latent stage of infarct has been mentioned. This stage is the time necessary for the pathological process to develop and cause the onset of changes in density. It is emphasized that negative CT in stroke not only can rule out the cerebral haemorrhage, but also should indicate the existence of the infarct, leading to the initiation of the treatment at extremely early stage.