Search

The research aims to find out how discretion is implemented as a form of government policy innovation in Indonesia. The importance of discretion for local governments to provide innovative policies for ideal government services. This study uses normative legal research methods with statutory approaches, conceptual approaches, case approaches, and comparative approaches. The analytical method used is descriptive and prescriptive methods. The results of the discussion show that discretionary arrangements that are implemented as a form of government policy innovation are steps that must be taken in supporting innovative officials as an effort to find common ground between innovation and law, not to be passive in realizing innovation. Discretionary criteria as government policy innovations in their implementation are assessed based on four aspects: authority, limits, testing, and judicial control. The ideal discretionary model in making innovation policies to realize bureaucratic reform must be based on the main values of the welfare state. In addition, discretionary policies must follow Pancasila values, as well as collaboration between authorities. Discretionary policies must follow the general principles of good governance (AUPB). Thus, it is necessary to have additional principles as a basis for implementing discretionary innovation policies in realizing bureaucratic reform, namely the principle of motivation, the principle of fair play, the principle of prohibition of detournement de pouvoir, the principle of justice, the principle of freedom, the principle of integrity, the principle of real goals, the principle of effectiveness and the principle of participation.

Kegiatan aktualisasi dan habituasi Pelatihan Dasar Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil menerapkan nilai-nilai dasar core values BerAKHLAK (Berorientasi Pelayanan, Akuntabel, Kompeten, Harmonis, Loyal, Adaptif, dan Kolaboratif). Kegiatan mengaktualisasikan nilai-nilai dasar, kedudukan, dan peran PNS dalam Smart Governance. Kegiatan tersebut menetapkan isu paling (core issue) priotitas yaitu belum optimalnya media penyajian data dan informasi penyampaian profil dan data dukung satuan inovasi dalam kegiatan Wonogiri Innovation Awards di Bappeda dan Litbang Kabupaten Wonogiri. Kegiatan aktualisasi dan habituasi dilaksakan pada tanggal 19 April sampai dengan 3 Juni 2022. Gagasan pemecahan isu adalah pertama adalah menyusun rencana penyajian data dan informasi tentang profil & data dukung satuan inovasi, kedua pembuatan video tentang penyajian data dan informasi profil & data dukung satuan inovasi, ketiga melaksanakan sosialisasi dan publikasi video melalui media sosial (Instagram/ Youtube/ Website) Bappeda dan Litbang, keempat melakukan diskusi dan konsultasi secara daring, dan kelima melakukan Monitoring dan Evaluasi terhadap penyampaian profil & data dukung satuan inovasi oleh Bappeda dan Litbang Kabupaten Wonogiri. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan sebesar 28% terhadap pemahaman innovator pada profil & data dukung satuan inovasi dalam kemudahan akses data dan informasi secara online. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Kegiatan aktualisasi dan habituasi memberikan kontribusi visi, misi, dan penguatan nilai hasil budaya Organisasi di Kabupaten Wonogiri.

Introduction: Various surgical procedures have been found to effectively treat intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), including transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH), which is intended to protect the temporal lobe and to prevent interference with vascular structure. This research analyzed the outcome of post-operative seizure-free with transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy for intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients in a minimum two-year follow-up after surgery. Methods: Data of one hundred ninety-two patients who had undergone transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy for non-lesional, medically intractable, temporal lobe epilepsy were analyzed. Result: The statistical analysis indicated that Focal to Bilateral Tonic-Clonic Seizure had a more significant outcome (p=0.019) than other seizures. In all research subjects, after three, six, and twelve years of follow-up, the chance for a seizure-free after surgery was respectively 93.2 percent, 67.9 percent, and 36.7 percent with a median average survival period for all subjects of 11.00 years (95 % CI: 8.55 – 13.44) Conclusions: Transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy is an effective therapy for intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and provides a satisfactory outcome. The transcortical approach allows an appropriate operative field by careful dissection with limited retraction to eliminate the epileptogenic target while preventing damage to the underlying vascular and cortical structures.

Asset management is needed in asset inventory. The preparation of an asset inventory is taken into account the aspects of asset management and risk management. The measurement results with SEM obtained APC values and values < 0.05 and AVIF < 5 so that the relationship between the criteria for asset management and risk management has a significant effect on the design of asset information systems. Measurement of risk management obtained 4 critical risks that affect the design of asset information systems. One of the asset information systems that meet the criteria of being integrated, easy to manage, and easy to update the data is a QR code-based check sheet. Its use in a small scope is easier to implement than using a database system.

Taxes on Certain Goods and Services (TCGS) is a concept of integrating consumption-based taxes contained in Law Number 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments. The provisions for tax collection in this new law also change local taxation policies, particularly on tax collection on the sale of food and beverages. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the arrangement for collecting TCGS for the sale of food and/or beverages based on the principle of legal certainty and reviewing the implications of the concept of collecting TCGS on the sale of food and/or beverages in terms of local tax intensification efforts. This study uses a normative juridical method using secondary data sources. The data that has been obtained is then described descriptively with qualitative analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that the concept of collecting PBJT for food and beverage sales is in accordance with the principle of legal certainty because it limits the authority to collect VAT by the Central Government and TCGS by the Regional Government for business actors engaged in the culinary industry. To make efforts to optimize regional revenues after the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2022 is to intensify taxes by expanding the revenue base, optimizing the collection process, and increasing supervision.

This study aims to find out in-depth about the application of foreignization strategies in translating the Quran into Indonesian. The application of foreignization strategies in terms of meaning accuracy in the source language (SL) and target language (TL) as well as its suitability with the cultural context. The research method used is content analysis adapted from Krippendorff (1980). Based on an analysis of the foreignization strategy implemented by the Quran Translation Team of the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA) of the Republic of Indonesia, it was found that 94 words and phrases were foreignized in the translation of Surah Al-Baqarah. Judging from the aspect of the accuracy of meaning, equivalence, and its use in Indonesian, the vocabulary is still accurate in meaning, as intended by the SL text and its users. However, some absorption vocabularies experience a shift in meaning, broad, narrow, general, and specific, as well as those containing good and bad values. Two factors influence the translator in implementing the foreignization strategy in the translation of the Quran, namely (a) the condition of the Quranic text, which is difficult to translate into Indonesian, and (b) the translator’s belief that foreign vocabulary retention (foreignization) can give the nuances of the authenticity of Arabic culture (Quran).

Salah satu bentuk tugas bagian di Biro Administrasi Pimpinan Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jawa Timur adalah melaksanakan tugas di luar kantor (dinas luar). Dinas luar yang melekat pada setiap pegawai adalah dengan mendapatkan surat perintah tugas (spt) sebagai bentuk laporan pertanggungjawaban dari kegiatan yang sudah dilaksanakan. Kendala yang sering terjadi adalah keterlambatan dalam pembuatan surat perintah tugas, sehingga tugas sudah selesai dilaksanakan kemudian administrasi spt menyusul. Oleh karena itu untuk mempercepat penyesuaian administrasi dengan pelaksanaan, maka diperlukan proses administrasi yang memadai, salah satunya dengan membuat administrasi elektronik dalam bentuk aplikasi digitalisasi elektronik surat perintah tugas. Pembuatan digitalisasi elektronik ini dikembangkan dengan menggunakan metode waterfall untuk mempermudah dalam pembuatannya. Rancangan model aplikasi dibuat dengan menggunakan model notasi Unified Modelling Languange (UML) dengan memanfaatkan model use case diagram, dan activity diagram. Kemudian untuk pembuatan aplikasi dibangun menggunakan teknologi berbasis web dengan memanfaatkan kode program berbasis PHP dengan penyimpanan data dengan menggunakan database MySQL. Hasil aplikasi digitalisasi elektronik surat perintah tugas yang dibuat dapat membantu mempercepat pembuatan surat perintah tugas, sehingga dapat membantu mempermudah kinerja dari pegawai/aparatur sipil negara dalam melaksanakan tugas/dinas luar.

Purpose – The purpose of this research is knowing the level of effectiveness and implementation of the productive infaq distribution program in improving the mustahik economy. Method – This research uses descriptive qualitative research, is a research that describes the state of the object of research at the present time as it is based on the results of observations, interviews, and documentation. Result – The results showed that the distribution of productive infaq has been effective, it can be seen from the increase in the income of mustahik after receiving productive infaq from Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang. The results also show that the distribution of productive infaq aims to help the poor who have small and medium businesses to provide capital injections to suppress the movement of moneylenders and increase family income. Limitation – This research has limitations in terms of the relatively small number of research subjects, then the research subjects are mustahik from the Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang food security program which will be distributed productive infaq to mustahik who are entitled to receive it. Practical Implication – As a practical implication, the results of this study can be used as a reference by the government, especially zakat institutions in distributing productive infaq to improve the mustahik economy. So that by maintaining all existing SOPs, it provides an optimal impact in the distribution process of all kinds of activities.

Over-the-Top (OTT) is a form of information technology innovation that is growing very rapidly, including in Indonesia as one of the largest OTT market country. OTT can earn income from users in Indonesia, while the right to tax this income cannot be imposed in Indonesia because OTT generally operates across national borders and does not have a permanent establishment in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to consider income tax arrangements for OTT operating in Indonesia to provide legal certainty. This paper focuses on discussing the positive legal provisions of Income Tax that apply to OTT operating in Indonesia and the implementation of each of these regulations in the current era of economic digitalization. The author uses a normative juridical research method with a qualitative research approach. Based on this research, it is known that the provision of Income Tax for OTT does not yet exist, therefore the Government of Indonesia needs to design a national tax law that is able to accommodate income tax for OTT.

This research aims to reveal the strategies used in translating Arabic aphorisms into Indonesian language and to measure the equivalence at word level in the book entitled Seratus Mahfudzot written by As’ad Humam (1994). This qualitative study was performed in a descriptive analysis based on the theory of translation strategies which were limited to structural and semantic strategies of Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003) and the theory of equivalence at word level of Baker (2001). Triangulation of data sources was used to validate research findings. From 150 words that have been analyzed, the results highlighted 9 strategies that were applied as followed: 60 (40%) additions, 16 (10.67%) subtractions, 22 (14.67%) transpositions, 4 (2.67%) modulations, 32 (21.33%) borrowings, 5 (3.33%) cultural equivalents, 3 (2%) synonyms, 3 (2%) reductions, and 5 (3.33%) expansions. The equivalence at word level reached 74%, whereas 26% were found non-equivalent. It strengthens the assumption that there are characteristic difference and similarity between Arabic and Indonesian to take into consideration in translation.

Ketegasan aturan etimologi “tenaga medis” sebagai pemimpin rumah sakit kemungkinan tidak sejalan dengan Pasal 27 UUD 1945 karena memberikan batasan ruang untuk setiap individu berkompetisi menduduki jabatan direktur rumah sakit dan memutuskan harapan profesi lain yang secara kepemimpinan dan manajerial mampu memimpin rumah sakit atau secara garis besarnya telah terjadi diskriminasi. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang telah dikemukakan, penulis mengidentifikasikan masalah mengenai bagaimana kedudukan tenaga kesehatan dan tedaga medis di rumah sakit atas keberadaan prinsip equal employment opportunity serta bagaimana penerapan asas equality before the law dan prinsip equal employment opportunity dalam persyaratan pengangkatan direktur rumah sakit dihubungkan dengan undang-undang nomor 44 tahun 2009 tentang rumah sakit. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah spesifikasi penelitian menggunakan deskriptif analitis. Metode pendekatan menggunakan yuridis normatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi dokumen. Metode analisis data adalah normatif kualitatif. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kedudukan tenaga kesehatan dan tenaga medis di rumah sakit atas keberadaan prinsip equal employment opportunity adalah sama-sama memiliki hak dan kewajiban. Namun, ketentuan Pasal 49 ayat (3) Permenkes 30 dan Pasal 10 Permenkes 971 adalah kata “tenaga medis”. Tenaga medis menurut Pasal 11 ayat (2) UU Tenaga Kesehatan adalah terdiri atas dokter, dokter gigi, dokter spesialis, dan dokter gigi spesialis. Hal itu menafsirkan selain tenaga medis tidak diperbolehkan menurut hukum untuk menjadi direktur rumah sakit. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa aturan tersebut tidak menunjukan dasar filosofis. Penerapan asas equality before the law dan prinsip equal employment opportunity dalam persyaratan pengangkatan direktur rumah sakit dihubungkan dengan undang-undang nomor 44 tahun 2009 tentang rumah sakit pada dasarnya dengan keberadaan Pasal 34 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit jo Pasal 10 Permenkes 971 adalah dokter lah yang menjadi direktur dan berdasarkan pandangan yuridis pula, maka tenaga kesehatan tidak memiliki peluang atau kesempatan untuk menjadi direktur rumah sakit. Hal tersebut berkorelasi bahwa secara terang Asas Equality Before The Law dan Equal Employment Opportunity tidak dapat dilaksanakan dalam pengangkatan direktur rumah sakitKata kunci: tenaga medis; direktur; rumah sakit.ABSTRACTThe firmness of the etymological rules for "medical personnel" as hospital leaders may not be in line with Article 27 of the 1945 Constitution because it provides a space limit for each individual to compete for the position of hospital director and decides the expectations of other professions that are leadership and managerially capable of leading a hospital or in general. discrimination has occurred. Based on the problems that have been raised, the authors identify problems regarding how the position of health workers and medical staff in hospitals on the existence of the principle of equal employment opportunity and how the application of the principle of equality before the law and the principle of equal employment opportunity in the requirements for the appointment of hospital directors linked to law number 44 of 2009 concerning hospitals. The research method used is the research specification using analytical descriptive. The approach method uses normative juridical. The data collection technique that will be used in this research is document study. The data analysis method is normative qualitative. The conclusion obtained from the research conducted is that the position of health workers and medical personnel in hospitals on the existence of the principle of equal employment opportunity is that they both have rights and obligations. However, the provisions of Article 49 paragraph (3) of Permenkes 30 and Article 10 of Permenkes 971 are the word "medical personnel". Medical personnel according to Article 11 paragraph (2) of the Health Manpower Law are composed of doctors, dentists, specialist doctors, and specialist dentists. It interprets that other than medical personnel are not allowed by law to become hospital directors, it shows that these rules do not show a philosophical basis. The application of the principle of equality before the law and the principle of equal employment opportunity in the requirements for the appointment of hospital directors linked to law number 44 of 2009 concerning hospitalsbasically with the existence of Article 34 paragraph (1) of Law Number 44 of 2009 Regarding Hospitals in conjunction with Article 10 of the Minister of Health Regulation 971, doctors are the directors and based on a juridical view, health workers do not have the opportunity or opportunity to become hospital directors. This correlates clearly that the principle of Equality Before The Law and Equal Employment Opportunity cannot be implemented in the appointment of hospital directors.Keywords: medical personnel; director; hospital.

Penelitian dilatar belakangi oleh kegiatan musyawarah guru mata pelajaran untuk dapat memberikan peran dalam peningkatan profesinalisme guru di Madrasah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk dapat memperoleh data empirik mengenai pengaruh kegiatan musyawarah guru mata pelajaran terhadap profesionalisme guru. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode survey. Sampel penelitian adalah guru Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ummul Quro Al-Islami yang berada pada kategorisasi lulusan SMA/sederajat, sarjana dan magister. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 91 responden dengan teknik random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum persentase musyawarah guru mata pelajaran diperoleh dengan jumlah skor sebesar 5.679 berada pada ketegori golongan cukup tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 62.41% dan profesionalisme guru diperoleh dengan jumah skor sebesar 6.075 berada pada ketegori golongan cukup tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 66.76%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pada pembuktian hipotesis diketahui nilai r hitung lebih besar dari r table 0,400 > 0,207 maka dapat dikatakan bahwa adanya pengaruh secara signifikan antara musyawarah guru mata pelajaran terhadap profesionalisme guru. Dengan tingkat pengaruh variabel sebesar 40,0% dan sisanya 60,0% masih dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain

The more study describes the implementation of learning management in SMA Al Muhammad Cepu, the approach used is descriptive qualitative through case study research. Where the researcher is directly involved in extracting information from a phenomenal event regarding learning in the location. The principal, Deputy Principal for Curriculum, and teachers of SMA Al Muhammad Cepu as subjects in the current study. It was found that learning management: learning management abilities of SMA Al Muhammad Cepu teachers in planning aspects were carried out through an IHT review of lesson planning, increasing reading literacy from various reading sources in the library, attending training, seminars, and upgrading. At the same time, the teacher organizing section performs five learning steps: literacy activities, critical thinking, fulfilling adequate educational facilities and having relevance to learning needs, providing space and awards for outstanding teachers, by holding exceptional teachers, teacher creativity competitions, and promotions.

Background : High grade Gliomas (HGGs) (World Health Organization grade III and IV) are aggressive brain tumors with a poor prognosis. Serum concentrations of GFAP and EGFR are theoretically raised in glioma patients, especially primary HGGs Aim : To look at serum levels of GFAP and EGFR in patients with Gliomas (Low Grade and High-Grade Glioma) and see if they were related to clinical outcome, MRI parameter and pathological features. Method : Between 2020-2021, pre-operative blood samples were taken from 39 patients with radiologically diagnosed glioma who were performed for tumour excision. The time between blood collection and surgical resection was an average of 10 days. GFAP and EGFR serum were compared in glioma and non-glioma patients. Result : Glioma patients had average of serum GFAP 747.93 + 1349.49 pg/ml and average of Serum EGFR 9.25 + 3.17 ng/ml. Non glioma average of GFAP and EGFR respectively were 292.91 + 369.30 pg/ml and 7.81 + 3.38 ng/ml.From all variable, we performed normality test using the Saphiro-wilk normality test and all variable were no normally distribution with p

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has disrupted many aspects of healthcare and health education including medical education. Given that neurosurgical training requires direct patient contact, the social distancing policy due to COVID has impacted global neurosurgical education. AIM: We are conducting a systematic review to determine the impact of COVID-19 on global neurosurgical education. METHODS: This review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. The literature search was conducted on three repositories (PubMed, MedRxiv, and bioRxiv) which subsequently screened by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: Thirteen articles were processed for the systematic review. The impact of COVID-19 has been mainly negative to academic activity due to reduced case number and physical contact hours. Residents were also deployed to provide care for COVID-19-related workload. However, several studies reported a positive impact of COVID-19 on residents’ well-being such as increased personal time. Besides current residents, prospective medical students were also affected by COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Neurosurgical program directors should initiate the introduction of a flexible policy to accommodate case reduction to meet the board standard and guard residents’ safety and well-being are required to ensure the sustainability of high-quality neurosurgical education.

This study aims to describe 1) students' perceptions of the purpose of learning Arabic in terms of its relevance to their learning needs; 2) female students' perceptions of Arabic teaching materials; 3) language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) which are priorities and student required;; and 4) Evaluation of the desired learning. To achieve this goal, the research approach that is considered relevant in this research is a qualitative approach with a case study approach. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The research results obtained are: 1) The objectives to be achieved by students are the ability to read and understand lecture material sourced from Arabic books. 2) The subject matter desired by students is related to listening, speaking, and reading skills, and relates to linguistic elements consisting of sounds, vocabulary (mufradat) word forms, and sentence structures that suit the needs (tanzhim psychology). 3) Taking into account the objectives and material above, various eclectic methods can be used with an emphasis on the touchable grammar method (thariqah qawa'id wa tarjamah) and the reading method. To practice speaking skills in communicating Arabic, the sam'iyyah syafawiyah method can be used. 4) Evaluation must be carried out programmatically using various tools, especially tests, both oral and written. This test can be objective or subjective.

The trend of electronic transactions in Indonesia is getting more attention because it causes significant changes in all areas of life. The emergence of the Covid-19 Pandemic also changed the economic landscape towards a new economy, namely digital-based economic activities. However, the use of borderless internet saves the risks and challenges that are the potential for cybercrime. Not only that, other potential problems come from taxation that has not been able to optimize state revenue in terms of electronic commerce transactions (e-commerce). The dynamic proliferation of technology is not always followed by advancement in law. To respond to the problem's urgency, a literature review is carried out and learns the ideal system in other countries. The use of data is secondary data with three legal materials. Data is collected by literature studies conducted online and proceed by data analysis. The result showed the urgency to optimize state revenues from taxation to e-commerce tax collection for Value Added Tax, Income Tax, and Electronic Transaction using Permenkeu 48/PMK.03/2020 is also supported by optimization of Law No. 2/2020 with preventive, repressive, and adaptive measures to accommodate legal loopholes that are an obstacle to increasing state revenue

The aim of this study was to develop the design of the e-learning concept through web-enhanced model for students at the Department of Arabic Education at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Research and Development (R&D) by using a 4-D model. The 4-D development model consists of four main stages, namely: Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. Data were collected through interview and distribution of questionnaire. After that, data analysis process was conducted in the form of both qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results of the study showed that the development of e-Learning in Arabic learning gave students a new experience / nuance in learning Arabic for 63.5%. In terms of human resources, there is still an assumption that the conventional learning model through face-to-face is still an easy means and at the same time pays attention to the emotional bond between educators and students. This study concludes that the use of e-Learning media is still new to learning Arabic, and therefore, literacy in digital media needs to be developed to make them more accustomed to using it. Moreover, there are still many shortcomings and complaints by students in using e-Learning media in Arabic learning, and therefore, it required lecturers to be more intensive in guiding them.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengembangan desain konsep e-learning dengan Model Web Enhanced pembelajaran bahasa Arab pada generasi Z yaitu Mahasiswa pada Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan mengacu pada research and development (R&D) by using a 4-D model. Model pengembangan 4D terdiri atas 4 tahap utama yaitu: Define (Pendefinisian), Design (Perancangan), Develop (Pengembangan) dan Disseminate (Penyebaran). Dan teknik pengumpulan data yang diterapkan dengan wawancara dan kuesioner. Adapuun Analisis data yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data kualitatif dan analisis data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian yang didapat bahwa pengembangan e-learning dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab memberikan mahasiswa pengalaman/nuansa baru dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab yakni sebesar 63.5%. Dari sisi sumber daya manusianya sendiri masih ada anggapan bahwa model pembelajaran konvensional melalui tatap muka masih menjadi sarana yang mudah dan sekaligus memperhatikan ikatan emosional antara pendidik dengan peserta didik. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah penggunaan media e-learning ini masih baru pada pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, tentunya literasi pada media digital perlu dikembangkan sehingga mahasiswa lebih terbiasa dalam menggunakannya. Masih banyak kekurangan dan keluhan oleh mahasiswa dalam menggunakan media e-learning dalam pembelajaran, sehingga mengharuskan dosen harus lebih intens lagi dalam membimbing mereka.

Dody Priambada,1 Muhamad Thohar Arifin,1 Abdi Saputro,1 Azka Muzakka,1 Vega Karlowee,2 Udadi Sadhana,2 Yuriz Bakhtiar,1 Krisna Tsaniadi Prihastomo,1 Ajid Risdianto,1 Happy Kurnia Brotoarianto,1 Erie Andar,1 Zainal Muttaqin1 1Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia; 2Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Muhamad Thohar Arifin, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Dr. Soetomo Street Number 16-18, Semarang, Indonesia, Tel +62 813 2586 1628, Email Thohar@lecturer.undip.ac.idBackground: The current World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 classification of human glioma is based on key molecular biomarkers to define neoplastic entities. This review further delineates mutant IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) from wild-type IDH disease, a necessity given the large survival gap between mutant IDH and wild-type IDH tumors. In Indonesia, there are currently few reports on the distribution and significance of these mutations. Therefore, this research aims to determine the relationship between IDH mutations, as well as clinicopathological and prognostic factors in patients with gliomas. Other immunohistochemical markers including ATRX (alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked), Ki67 and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) expression were also evaluated.Methods: Forty-two glioma samples were collected from patients who underwent surgery at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Fresh and paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue samples were removed and sectioned for hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and IDH analysis of mutation. Medical records were used to collect clinicopathological and survival data.Results: IDH1 mutations were discovered in 32 (76,1%) patients, and those with IDH1 mutation had longer overall survival when corresponded to patients with IDH1-wild-type. Lower expression of Ki67 was discovered to be very associated with a better prognosis.Conclusion: IDH1 mutations status showed a significant relationship with prognosis in patients with glioma. Meanwhile, other markers (ATRX, Ki67, and GFAP) did not correlate with the prognosis.Keywords: IDH1, immunohistochemical expression, prognosis, glioma, Indonesia

Latar belakang: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction atau POCD adalah gangguan fungsi kognitif akibat inflamasi pasca prosedur pembedahan. Angka kejadian POCD pasca pembedahan kardiak lebih tinggi dibandingkan pembedahan non-kardiak. POCD diduga diakibatkan oleh respons inflamasi sistemik. Prokalsitonin menjadi salah satu mediator inflamasi yang berperan terhadap peningkatan risiko inflamasi saat operasi yang memicu kejadian POCD pascaoperasi ganti katup jantung. Inflamasi disebabkan oleh pelepasan protein fase akut yaitu prokalsitonin dan sitokin proinflamasi lainnya yang menyebabkan terganggunya sawar darah otak dan mengganggu neurotransmisi sehingga terjadi POCD. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan peningkatan kadar Prokalsitonin terhadap POCD pada pasien yang menjalani operasi ganti katup jantung di RSUP Dr. Kariadi. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang menjalani operasi ganti katup jantung di RSUP Dr. Kariadi pada bulan Juni 2020- Desember 2020. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 19 subjek didapatkan dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Pada subjek penelitian dilakukan pengukuran kadar serum prokalsitonin sebelum pembedahan dan hari pertama pasca pembedahan, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif dengan montreal cognitive assessment-indonesia (MoCA INA) pada hari ketiga pasca pembedahan. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi spearman. Hasil: Dari 19 subjek penelitian, terdapat 13 responden (68,4%) yang mengalami POCD. Rerata peningkatan prokalsitonin pada pasien POCD adalah 5,22 dengan standar deviasi 12,50 sedangkan peningkatan prokalsitonin pada pasien non POCD adalah 0,21 dengan standar deviasi 0,45. Berdasarkan uji korelasi spearman, diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara peningkatan kadar prokalsitonin terhadap POCD pascaoperasi ganti katup jantung (p=0,004). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perbedaan kadar Prokalsitonin terhadap POCD pascaoperasi ganti katup jantung di RSUP Dr. Kariadi.

This study aims to determine and explain the effect of company size, profitability, leverage, capital intensity, and inventory intensity on tax revenue for the tax amnesty program at energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research is a research that uses an associative approach. The sample in this study were 13 energy companies listed on the IDX in the 2013-2017 period which were determined by the Saturation Sampling method. This study uses descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression test for panel data models, hypothesis testing (t-test and F-test) and coefficient of determination as research analysis techniques. The results obtained show that partially the Capital Intensity, Leverage and Company Size affect tax revenue from the Tax Amnesty program, while Inventory Intensity and Profitability do not affect tax revenue from the Tax Amnesty program. Furthermore, Company Size, Inventory Intensity, Capital Intensity, Profitability and Leverage simultaneously affect tax revenue from the Tax Amnesty program. This means that tax revenue for the Tax Amnesty program at energy companies is influenced by company size, inventory intensity, capital intensity, profitability and leverage.Keywords: Company Size, Inventory Intensity, Capital Intensity, Profitability, Leverage, Tax AmnestyJEL Classifications: H23, H27DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11134

The rapid development of Over the Top (OTT) services has enabled consumers to enjoy high service quality from technology even more. Nevertheless, OTT also brings other effects for telecommunications companies in Indonesia; namely, there are legal problems and obstacles faced regarding regulation and practice of tax and non-tax for OTT business providers because these services do not have a form of cooperation with telecommunications operators. In addition, the model of policies and regulations is still uncertain regarding how the tax and non-tax imposition should be in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical research method emphasizing secondary data (library research) with three legal materials, namely primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The research includes data searching and inventory and laws and regulations related to tax and non-tax imposition for OTT services on the utilization of telecommunication infrastructure and other relevant sources. Results of the study determine the extent to which regulations on the tax and non-tax imposition govern OTT media in Indonesia to understand and find the policy and regulatory issues related to tax and non-tax imposition practices faced by OTT business actors. In addition, it also aims to find obstacles in policy formulation and stipulation of tax and non-tax regulations for OTT business actors in Indonesia. Further, it seeks to find a tax and non-tax policies and regulations model for OTT business actors in Indonesia through a service collaboration, comparative, and normative approaches. Hence, this will also open up opportunities to increase state revenue from the imposition of tax and non-tax from all OTT service providers, both national and international.

Digital Services Tax under Law Number 2 of 2020 is assessed as a new type of tax in Indonesia which will apply to trading activities through electronic systems (PMSE) and e-commerce platform providers (PPMSE) that face a significant economy but cannot be designated as permanent establishments due to tax agreements between Indonesia and other countries. In other words, Digital Services Tax is an alternative Income Tax in PMSE activities. Proceeding from this, it is necessary to study the position of the Digital Services Tax on PMSE and PPMSE activities in Law Number 2 of 2020 based on the tax law system in Indonesia. This research was conducted to provide an overview of the legal certainty of digital services tax collection in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical, with a qualitative approach, and the research specifications used are analytical descriptive. This paper presents original research on a new type of tax in Indonesia resulting in the formulation of the provisions of the Digital Services Tax in Law Number 2 of 2020 that is considered unable to meet legal requirements. This tax is a new type of tax in Indonesia, although until now, it has not been categorized regarding its classification (based on Indonesian Tax Law).

Unit Donor Darah (UDD) Kota Madiun melayani transfusi darah sekaligus menyediakan darah dari permintaan yang berasal dari Bank Darah Rumah Sakit (BDRS) maupun langsung dari Rumah Sakit di wilayah Kota Madiun dan sekitarnya. Pada tahun 2020, UDD telah berhasil memenuhi 97% permintaan darah, namun karena penyebaran virus Covid-19 yang semakin meluas maka diperlukan peramalan permintaan darah sampai akhir tahun 2021. Berdasarkan analisis data permintaan pada tahun sebelumnya diperoleh model peramalan terbaik untuk permintaan darah A adalah SARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,1)12 dengan nilai MAPE 9,35%, model peramalan untuk permintaan darah B adalah SARIMA(1,1,0)(0,1,1)12 dengan MAPE 13,25%, model peramalan untuk permintaan darah AB adalah ARIMA(2,1,1) dengan MAPE 22,46%, dan model peramalan untuk permintaan darah O adalah ARIMA(0,1,1).

Intisari— Indonesia memiliki PDRB tertinggi pada sektor industri makanan. CV. XYZ Magetan adalah salah satu contoh industri makanan yang bergerak dalam pembuatan roti. Pertambahan kebutuhan masyarakat akan konsumsi terhadap roti, maka CV. XYZ Magetan berusaha menjaga kualitas produk roti yang dihasilkan. Proses quality control dilakukan CV. XYZ Magetan untuk menurunkan hasil reject pada roti. Pengukuran quality control mengunakan metode p chart, c chart dan histogram. Hasil pengukuran quality control pada CV. XYZ Magetan masih dalam batas yang wajar namun perlu adanya tindakan pembenahan terutama jumlah reject dari roti. Rata-rata roti mengalami reject setiap bulannya mencapai 6,01 % dari total roti yang dihasilkan. Kejadian penyebab reject pada roti dianalisis melalui risk management. Pengukuran risk management mengunakan metode Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) dan Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Hasil risk management diketahui bahwa terdapat 5 risiko yang menyebabkan terjadinya reject pada roti yaitu penambahan pembelian LPG, roti mengalami pecah (isi keluar bahkan bocor), tampilan toping roti kurang rapi, pembakaran tidak sempurna dan roti tidak mengembang merata saat dioven. Abstract— Indonesia has highest GRDP in food industry sector. CV. XYZ Magetan is an example of food industry which produced bread. The increase in people's need for consumption of bread, CV. XYZ Magetan strives to maintain the quality of bread products. Quality control process is carried out by CV. XYZ Magetan to reduce the reject bread. The measurement of quality control uses p chart, c chart and histogram method. The results of quality control measurements at CV. XYZ Magetan is still reasonable but it needs to be corrected for the amount of reject bread. Average of reject bread is 6.01 % from the total bread is produced. The causes of reject bread are analyzed by risk management. Risk management measurement uses Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Risk management result is known that there are five risks that lead to reject bread. These risks are the additional purchase of LPG, cracked bread (the contents come out even leaking), the appearance of the bread topping is not neat, the baking is not perfect and the bread does not rise evenly when baked.

This study aims to investigate the position of the DGT’s Civil Servant Investigator in relation to their duty to enforce taxation criminal. The law enforcement of taxation criminal in Indonesia is involving several institution like Civil Servant Investigator (Directorate General of Taxes Institution), Police Investigator (Indonesian Police Institution), and Attorney Investigator (Attorney Institution). This involving, which lately leads to the position and authority problem of each institution. This study will be focused on the position of civil servant investigator of Directorate General of Tax and its relation with other party like Supervisory Coordinator which occupied by police investigator, and also other investigator from another institution. The method which is used in this study is normative juridical approach with analytical descriptive specification. Based on that method, then the researcher will compare between the position of DGT’s Civil Servant Investigator ‘in legislation’ and ‘in its practice’ through library study and field research. The researcher carry out this research based on the researcher’s consideration about the importance of state income from the taxation sector, so that the unlawful act that detrimental from the taxpayer and any related party of it can be eradicated immediately. The results shows that the position of the DGT Civil Servant Investigator in the framework of eradicating taxation criminal was emphasized as the primary investigator. This position is based on Law No. 16 of 2009 as lex specialis derogat legi generalis against Law No. 8 of 1981. Based on this position, there some friction that occurs between the DGT Civil Servant Investigator and other officer from another institution. For example, the DGT Civil Servant Investigator of the West Sumatra-Jambi Regional Office, which was designated as a suspect by the Police investigator, and the Mobile 8 tax restitution was handled by the Attorney Investigator. One of the factors that causing the friction is the difference in organizational culture of each related institution. Therefore, the researcher recommend that each institution should understand carefully what their primary function is in dealing with taxation criminal so that there will be no misunderstanding and potency of overlapping between related institutions which can interfere the law enforcement process.

Partisipasi masyarakat dalam konservasi benda budaya merupakan keikutsertaan masyarakat dalam melakukan upaya konservasi cagar budaya. Perilaku manusia seringkali melakukan perusakan maupun menjualbelikan benda budaya. Konservasi lahir akibat adanya kebutuhan melestarikan sumber daya alam karena mengalami degradasi mutu yang tajam. Modal sosial masyarakat berpengaruh terhadap konservasi benda budaya. Desa Banjarejo Kecamatan Gabus Kabupaten Grobogan salah satu daerah yang mempunyai peninggalan cagar budaya yang perlu dilestarikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan wawancara mendalam untuk mendapatkan data yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) tingkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam konservasi benda-benda budaya dan 2) bentuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam konservasi benda-benda budaya.

Kurangnya kepatuhan wajib pajak untuk membayar Bea Balik Nama Kendaraan Bermotor. Dinyatakan oleh Badan Pendapatan Daerah (Bapenda) Jawa Barat yang mencatat bahwa dari sekitar 17 juta kendaraan bermotor, hanya 11 juta diantaranya yang bisa tertagih pajaknya. Sementara sisanya dalam status tidak jelas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa. Ketentuan besaran tarif BBNKB di Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat ditetapkan dalam Pasal 28 Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Barat Nomor 33 Tahun 2013, guna menjalankan fungsi mengatur (regulerend) dan meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah melalui BBNKB ketentuan besaran tarif dalam peraturan tersebut telah mengalami penambahan besaran dan diperinci oleh Pasal 28 Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Barat Nomor 2 Tahun 2020. Meskipun telah diterapkan kenaikan besaran tarif dalam aturannya pada Tahun 2020 realisasi PAD Provinsi Jawa Barat dari BBNKB hanya sebesar Rp.3.902,583,887,500 Capaian ini lebih rendah dibandingkan realisasi pada Tahun 2019 sebesar Rp, 6,300,781,441,900. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempermudah implementasi pengaturan pemungutan BBNKB di wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat dalam rangka meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) adalah dengan merubah. Sistem pemungutan BBNKB yang semula menggunakan Official Assessment System menjadi menggunakan Self Assesment System. dengan sistem ini diharapkan pelaksanaan administrasi yang terlalu membebani wajib pajak dan birokratis akan dapat dihindari. Kata Kunci: BBNKB, Implementasi, Pendapatan Asli Daerah ABSTRACT Lack of taxpayer compliance to pay Motor Vehicle Title Fee. The West Java Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) stated that out of around 17 million motorized vehicles, only 11 million of them could be collected for taxes. While the rest are in unclear status. The method used in this research is normative juridical. The results showed that. Provisions for the BBNKB tariff rate in the West Java Province are stipulated in Article 28 of West Java Governor Regulation Number 33 of 2013, in order to carry out the function of regulating (regularend) and increasing Regional Original Revenue through BBNKB, the provisions of the tariff rates in these regulations have been increased in size and are detailed by Article 28 West Java Governor Regulation Number 2 of 2020. Even though the tariff increase has been implemented in the regulations in 2020, the realization of West Java Province PAD from BBNKB is only Rp. 3,902,583,887,500 This achievement is lower than the realization in 2019 of Rp, 6,300,781,441,900. Efforts that can be made to facilitate the implementation of BBNKB collection arrangements in the West Java Province in order to increase Regional Original Income (PAD) are to change. The BBNKB collection system, which originally used the Official Assessment System, is now using the Self Assessment System. With this system, it is hoped that the implementation of administration that is too burdensome to taxpayers and bureaucracy will be avoided. Keywords: BBNKB, Implementation, Local Own Revenue

The article describes a new method/idea about taxing the income towards the digital in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Since social and physical distancing has fertilized the trend to conduct trading activities through the electronic system and provide a level playing field, then the policies for direct tax (income tax) in the trading activities utilizing electronic systems were issued in Law Number 2 of 2020. To obtain data and information in this study, the authors used qualitative research methods. Considering that direct tax has been regulated in Indonesian legislation, this study uses a normative juridical approach without neglecting empirical facts in developing the digital economy. The application of this regulation is assessed based on the Tax Law in Indonesia by focusing on several aspects such as legal certainty and tax jurisdiction. Based on the tax philosophy in Indonesia, Law Number 2 of 2020 is considered as lacking in providing legal certainty and policies regarding the income tax for the trading activities utilizing the electronic system. It is considered a unilateral measure. This study on income tax is relatively new in facing the rapid development of the digital economy, especially regarding a permanent physical establishment that is considered irrelevant.

Introduction: Spinal tumors are rare lesions. The incidence of spinal tumors is about 0.5-2.5 cases per 100,000 population per year.1 Thirty percent of spinal tumors are located intradural. Twenty to thirty percent of intradural tumors are schwannoma and spinal neurofibroma.2 Surgery is the leading choice for schwannomas and neurofibromas that grow progressively or cause neurological deficits.2,3,4 Currently, minimally invasive surgery is developing rapidly, including minimally invasive surgery on spine surgery.Better outcomes are expected in endoscopic spine surgery compared to conventional spine surgery techniques.This paper aims to provide an overview of endoscopic procedures for the surgical removal of spinal tumors.Case description: A 59-year-old man presented paraplegia of both lower limbs. The patient complained difficulty walking for nine months before admitted to the hospital. The patient also complained of difficulty moving both of his legs, burning pain sensation, pain and numbness sensation that radiates from chest region to both of his toes, he felt that his chest was tied, and he complained hard to breathe when he feels pain. Complaints are getting worse until the patient was unable to walk. We found intra-dural extramedullary lesion from the MRI that was suspicious of a nerve cell sheath tumor. The patient underwent surgical treatment for tumor removal with an endoscopic technique, the cancer was complete. From the histopathology, the tumor was a neurofibroma tumor.Conclusion: Neurofibroma is one of the most frequently intradural extramedullary spinal tumors. Good imaging can guide the diagnosis and a good plan for manage patients with spinal tumors. Complete tumor resection provides a better prognosis in patients with neurofibromas. With endoscopic techniques, total spinal tumor removal surgery can be performed. The surgical procedure for spinal tumors using an endoscopic approach may be an option for spinal neurofibromas patients.

Widya Istanto Nurcahyo,1 Suharyo Hadisaputro,2 Zainal Muttaqin,3 Cindy Elfira Boom,4 Chandra Hermawan Manapa,1 Taufan Pramadika,1 Dodik Tugasworo5 1Anaesthesiology Department and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia; 2Postgraduate Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia; 3Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia; 4Anaesthesiology Department and Intensive Therapy, National Cardiovascular Center, Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 5Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Widya Istanto Nurcahyo, Anaesthesiology Department and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, 50725, Indonesia, Fax +62 2476928010, Email widya_istanto2@yahoo.com; widya.instanto.dr@gmail.comIntroduction: On-pump, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most common cause of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after cardiac surgery. Previous studies showed that the incidence of POCD after cardiac surgery was 60%, higher than non-cardiac surgery with 11.7%. Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) is one of the sensitive biomarkers of brain damage. Previous studies have found that elevated GFAP serum is associated with cognitive impairment. This study aims to measure the difference in GFAP levels in POCD and non-POCD patients after CABG on-pump surgery.Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort design study. The data were obtained from 56 subjects undergoing elective CABG on the pump surgery enrolled into two groups consisting of 28 POCD as a case group and 28 non-POCD as a control group. In this study, the ELISA method measured the levels of GFAP biomarkers within 24 hours after surgery. After 72 hours, the patient received a MoCA-INA examination to determine cognitive impairment. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS 23.00 software.Results: The mean age of patients in both groups was 60 years and was dominated by males (> 85%). POCD patients were found to have a significantly longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cross-clamp surgery than non-POCD patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004). Postoperative GFAP levels in POCD patients were significantly higher than in non-POCD patients (12.95 ± 7.47 vs 3.80 ± 2.77, p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in GFAP levels compared with non-POCD (8.28 ± 7.24 vs − 1.5 ± 3.03, p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) value of GFAP against POCD was 0.887, cut-off GFAP 4.750 with a sensitivity of 92.9% and a specificity of 71.4%.Conclusion: POCD patients had higher GFAP levels than non-POCD patients. There are differences in GFAP levels in patients with POCD and non-POCD post-CABG surgery.Keywords: GFAP, POCD, CPB, MoCa-INA

Indonesian village government is required to carry out its duties properly. The village government has an obligation to understand legal instruments in many laws and regulations. The legal instruments serve as a guideline to carry out the accountability of the village officials to execute programs that use village funds. Unfortunately, the requirements have not been materialized due to the increasing corruption involving village heads who abused village funds. The study aims to find out the form of accountability of the village head as the power holder of village fund users when there are allegations of village fund corruption and the supervisory function that can be carried out by the Village Consultative Body (BPD – Badan Perwakilan Desa) in preventing of village funds to be corrupted by the village head. The study shows that the legal instruments and implementation of the use of village funds are basically in accordance with the principles and principles of managing state finances, even though the arrangements are separate from the provisions on regional government, where these arrangements and management must be under the objectives of state life as regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Moreover, the form of accountability of the village head regarding the use of village funds refers to the guidelines stipulated in the legal instrument. Still, when the alleged corruption of village funds committed by the village head is proven, the case is resolved according to the criminal law provisions. The supervisory function by the BPD in the management of village funds by the village apparatus is carried out as a form of increasing prosperous village communities. However, the supervision is still weak due to political interests between the village apparatus and the BPD institution in the institutional position of the village government. We can conclude that legal instruments are essential as a guide in managing village funds, including accountability for the use of village funds. In addition, the supervisory function in village management has an important role, especially in preventing the misuse of village funds, leading to corruption allegations.

Objective: This research aims to identify factors influencing the degree of erectile dysfunction in bicycle racing athletes. Material & Methods: This study used quantitative analysis and cross-sectional research design. Samples included in this research were 54 respondents in accordance to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study, and were willing to participate in this research. The data were collected using the IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function-5) questionnaire. The data were then edited, coded and analyzed using Chi-square (bivariate analysis). Results: The results showed correlations between the degree of erectile dysfunction in bicycle race athletes and age (PR= 1.182; 95%CI= 0.403-3.465; p= 0.976), cycling history (PR= 0.462; 95% CI= 0.490-4363; p= 0.687), cycling frequency (PR=1.400; 95% CI= 0.299-6.560; p= 0.72), cycling duration (PR= 0.333; 95% CI= 0.074-1.507; p= 0.165), furthest cycling distance (PR= 0.883; 95% CI= 0.267-2.919; p= 1.00), and type of saddle (PR= 0.271; 95% CI= 0.481-1.547; p= 0.221) respectively. Conclusion: There were no significant correlation (p= >0.05) in all variables analyzed in this study.

Qanun Aceh Number 10 Year 2007 About Baitul Mal has set up obligations of civil servants. But the response muzakki civil servants Langsa City to zakah obligation is a legal problem is still debating. Based on that problem, this research aims to know the rules of zakah civil servants according to Qanun Aceh and to analyze the response muzakki civil servants Langsa City to zakah obligations of civil servants in Aceh. This Research methods is descriptive empirical legal research approach with qualitative research. Instrument collection of data that is used in this research is an interview and data literature. From interviews with 100 PNS Langsa City, researchers found some field findings among others are; assumption that the civil servants profession zakah is not obligatory, assuming that there is no right mustahiq of the money profession civil servants, assumption that the civil servants earning must be paid is only basic salary, not allowances salary or other acceptance, assumtion that civil servants profession zakah which has reached nishab only obliged to be paid after up to one year, assumtion that payment of money 2.5 % from the amount of payment before deduction for basic needs, debt and credit is contrary to some study fiqh.

Background:  The aim of epilepsy surgery is to improve the quality of life of people with epilepsy. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of intractable epilepsy with a risk of low quality of life due to uncontrolled seizures. In this study, we evaluated the quality of life among TLE patients who underwent amygdalohippocampectomy between those who were free from seizure and those who were not.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. The postoperative quality of life was measured by QOLIE-31 questionnaire followed-up at least 12 months since the surgery. Results: Among 31 patients, 21 patients (67.7%) were free from seizures after 12 months of follow-up. We observed significantly higher quality of life of those seizure-free patients either as overall quality of life (p=0.001) or among domains such as seizure anxiety (p=0.003), emotional well-being (p

A project implementation schedule can be said to be successful if the implementation process can be completed in accordance with the planned time. Planning a good project implementation schedule must be supported by good project control. Because what happens in the field is not necessarily in accordance with what has been planned. By analyzing the cost and end time of project completion, it can provide detailed project performance schedule information. In this study, the analysis of the project implementation schedule is done manually, which is to make the S curve and use the Microsoft Project 2019 program. The method used is to enter the data related to the analysis into the program, then this Microsoft project will calculate automatically according to the formulas. calculation formula that has been made, so that the calculation of the project implementation schedule analysis will be faster and more accurate. The results of the cost analysis following the price of the Trenggalek district work unit for the renovation of the City Square is IDR. 6,078,136,530. Estimated schedule in planning the S schedule time curve with Microsoft Project 2019, there is a time difference of scheduling 39 calendar days or a difference of 1 month more that can save time and costs of implementing work. At the planning stage of scheduling with an S curve of 20 weeks or 140 days, using Microsoft Project 2019, the results obtained 101 days of project completion time. In the area of ornamental plants experiencing critical trajectory, due to the end of the work that is expected to be completed and handover, so it must add workers to be on target

The Mir’at al-Ṭullāb written by al-Sinkīlī in the seventeenth century apparently did not mention the requirement of being male to become a head of state (sultan). This is interesting because the Shāfi‘ī school of fiqh which is used as a reference actually mentions this condition. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors underlying it. Based on the literature studies and looking at the social history of the Acehnese people at that time, it can be found that the book was written when the Acehnese were polarized and there were conflicts between different religious and political groups. The conflict was very severe and was able to threaten the unity and power of the sultan at that time. The exclusion of being male as one of the requirements for public office (political authority or judge) is a manifestation of the application of Islamic jurisprudence by al-Sinkīlī which was introduced from the Qur’ān and the Sunnah so that it became legitimate (shar‘ī) while at the same time strengthening the position of the sultan, the idea of which was eventually able to reduce the political conflict in the community.

Introduction Intradural disc herniation (IDH) is a rare complication which comprises 0.27% of all herniated intervertebral discs. We are reporting a case of lumbar intradural disc herniation at the L4-L5 levels highlighting challenges in establishing clinical diagnosis and surgical approach involving a transdural microsurgery approach. Presentation of case A 38-year-old gentleman was presented with left radicular low back pain without motoric and autonomic involvement admitted to our neurosurgical service. Spine MRI showed an intradural, extra-axial spinal mass. Discussion Lumbar IDH is a rare pathology thus often initially diagnosed as other more common conditions. In our case, the IDH diagnosis was confirmed during surgery as the radiological examination results mimic intradural extra-axial tumor. During surgery, a hard irregular white mass was found shortly after dural incision. Histopathological results showed chondrocytes, fibrotic and necrotic appearances consistent with the diagnosis of disc herniation. Postoperatively, the patient showed improvement and pain alleviation. Conclusion We observed the beak sign which is one of the important features of IDH imaging. Surgery-wise, the challenge of dissecting the anterolateral part of the duramater from the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc should be noted by the performing surgeon., Highlights • Intradural disc herniation (IDH) is a rare complication and comprises 0.27% of all herniated disc. • Radiological findings mimicking for intradural extra-axial spine tumors. • Challenge in dissecting the duramater of the anterolateral segments is a common problem. • A median or paramedian dural incision accompanied by a microsurgical technique. • Better visibility of hernia after a dural incision, avoiding damage to the nervous rootlets.

Background. Concentration has an important role that influences the success of the learning process. The higher the concentration of students in learning, the more effective learning and teaching processes are carried out. One of the benefits of exercise is the improvement of concentration. Lack of time and motivation to do physical exercise are some reasons why people do less exercise. Circuit Training is an exercise that does not require a lot of time and is becoming a trend now.Objective: To find out the effect of the Circuit Training on the concentration level of students at Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University.Method. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre and post-test design, where research subjects were divided into two groups, there are the control group and the treatment group. The research subjects were 28 male students at Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University. The treatment group had given Circuit Training for 6 weeks. In one week there were 3 meetings where each training session was done in 3 circuits/cycle and each circuit consisted of 8 movements. The indicator assessed in this study was the level of concentration measured using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) before and after Circuit Training for 6 weeks. The results were analyzed using SPSS.Results. The score of concentration in the treatment group increased with a pre-test score 64,93 ± 6,38 and post-test score 76,29 ± 5,74. Significant results (p = 0.001) were obtained in the pre and post-test treatment groups.Conclusion. Circuit training for 6 weeks can increase the concentration score of students at Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University.

Penelitian yang mengangkat judul ”Penyelesaian Tunggakan Pajak Daerah Melalui Kejaksaan Dalam Peningkatan Pendapatan Daerah” memiliki tujuan untuk membahas dan mengetahui peran kejaksaan dalam metode penyelesaian tunggakan pajak daerah yang pada dasarnya hingga saat ini belum diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, mengingat hingga saat ini kewenangan pemungutan pajak daerah berada di tangan Pemerintah Daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan mengkaji data sekunder berupa hukum positif, asas-asas dan teori hukum, serta kaidah-kaidah hukum yang berhubungan dengan Hukum Pajak. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat ditarik suatu kesimpulan bahwa Kejaksaan memiliki peran sebagai pengacara negara sehingga berhak mewakili negara maupun pemerintah daerah dalam hal ini adalah Dinas Pendapatan baik dalam ranah pengadilan maupun dalam ranah luar pengadilan. Namun dalam kerja sama yang meliputi penagihan oleh Kejaksaan Negeri apabila Dinas Pendapatan tidak berhasil mengoptimalkan pendapatan asli daerah yang berasal melalui penagihan tunggakan pajak daerah belum memiliki kekuatan hukum yang mengikat pihak ketiga yaitu Wajib Pajak sebagai suatu bentuk penyelesaian tunggakan pajak daerah. Kata Kunci: Pajak Daerah; Tunggakan Pajak Daerah; Kejaksaan.

Objective: Among imaging modalities, ultrasonography (US) is one of the most versatilechoice, with its low cost, lack of radiation exposure, and minimally disrupted surgery flow.We described the use and characteristics of intraoperative ultrasonography (US) in selectedcases in our center to assist the intracranial tumor resection. Methods :Seventy patients wereoperated from 2011 to 2018 at Kariadi Hospital with the help of intraoperative US. Fifty sixpercents of cases were cystic tumors, 25% were abscess and 19% were metastatic tumors Weused seven parameters to measure the utility of intraoperative US and a utility score was devised(0 minimum, 7 maximum). Results: The utility score for intraoperative US was 7 in 3 cases(4%), 6 in 28 cases (54%), 5 in 21 cases (31%), 4 in 8 cases (11%), while no case had score ≤3. Conclusion: Intraoperative US is not only helpful in localizing lesions but also it can be usedin determining the morphology of the lesion for some cases, which was glioma in our case.Intraoperative US is also helpful when to start planning the site of entry and complete resection. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(3) 2020 p.575-578

Introduction Corpus callosotomy (CCT) is a palliative procedure to treat injurious drop attacks or multifocal/generalized seizures in which resection of the epileptogenic focus is not feasible. We are presenting our experience in treating intractable epilepsy patients by CCT procedures. Methods We observed 16 patients who underwent callosotomy (male to female ratio 7:9; adult to pediatric ratio 3:13). Initial seizure frequency was reported ranged from 1 to 2 attacks daily to very often (more than 20 episodes daily). Results Our observation showed that among patients with drop attacks, complete and >90% seizure freedom was reported by 4 and 6 of 13 patients, respectively (76.9% combined). Conclusion Our observation showed that corpus callosotomy yielded good outcome in patients with intractable epilepsy in Indonesia. Our observation showed total callosotomy achieved complete seizure freedom better compared to partial callosotomy patients.

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hukum penyegeraan pelaksanaan pembagian harta warisan dari hadis yang dianalisis berdasarkan kaidah ushul fiqh dengan metode yuridis normatif menggunakan bahan hukum utama hadis shahih al-Bukhari No. 6732. Selain itu, digunakan bahan sekunder dari berbagai buku syarah hadis shahih al-Bukhari dan lainnya serta buku ushul fiqh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewajiban pembagian harta warisan yang lahir dari shighat amar pada kata أَلْحِقُوا dalam hadis sangat kuat karena ditandai dengan adanya ancaman dalam surah An-Nisa ayat 14 bagi pelanggarnya akan masuk ke dalam neraka yang kekal abadi serta diazab dengan azab yang menghinakan. Di samping itu, kata أَلْحِقُوا menunjukkan bahwa waktu pelaksanaan kewajiban pembagian harta warisan termasuk dalam kategori wajib muaqqat yang muwassa’ karena pembagian harta warisan baru bisa dilaksanakan mulai sejak waktu pewaris meninggal dunia yang dapat dilaksanakan kapan saja memungkinkan. Namun apabila diduga kuat akan terjadi hal-hal yang menyebabkan tidak sampainya harta warisan kepada ahli warisnya seperti kekhawatiran akan kemungkinan terjadi kezaliman atas ahli waris dengan kebutuhan ekonomi yang mendesak sedangkan harta belum juga dibagikan atau berpotensi besar terjadinya sengketa antar sesama ahli waris, maka kewajiban pelaksanaan pembagian harta warisan itu menjadi kewajiban yang menuntut segera untuk dilaksanakan dan haram untuk ditunda-tunda.

Administrative sanction is a legal instrument used within the scope of state administrative law. Provisions regarding administrative sanctions are contained within the scope of state administrative law, one of which is contained in the rules regarding licensing. Permit is the most widely used juridical instrument in the scope of administrative law. In carrying out an activity carried out by the community, it must be related to the environment because the environment is an absolute part of human life. In practice, there are several phenomena of granting Environmental Permits that are contrary to laws and regulations which are indications of abuse of authority, but the application of administrative sanctions is not implemented properly. This research uses normative research method with analytical descriptive method. The results of the study conclude that the administration of administrative sanctions regulated in the government administration law against government agencies or officials in committing acts of abuse of authority has not been implemented because administrative sanctions are applied using civil servant disciplinary penalties.