Search

Additional file 1. Table S1. Search strategy for each database.

Additional file 3. Table S3. Risk of bias assessment of the cohort studies.

Additional file 2. Table S2. Risk of bias assessment of the RCT study.

Additional file 4. Fig. S1. Forest plots of Dynesys stabilization versus instrumented fusion: (A) disc height at the intervertebral segment; (B) disc height at the proximal adjacent segment.

Additional file 1: Summary and characteristics of adverse events.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-gsj-10.1177_21925682221110180 for Effect of High-Riding Vertebral Artery on the Accuracy and Safety of C2 Pedicle Screw Placement in Basilar Invagination and Related Risk Factors by Lu-Ping Zhou, Ren-Jie Zhang, Hua-Qing Zhang, Zhen-Fei Jiang, Jin Shang and Cai-Liang Shen in Global Spine Journal

Cortical bone trajectory (CBT) is widely used in orthopedic surgery to improve fixation while minimizing soft tissue dissection. This study used radiological methods to assess the correlation between the bone mineral density (BMD) of vertebrae and Hounsfield unit (HU) values of CBT and traditional trajectory (TT). A total of 240 thoracic and lumbar (T9-L5) vertebrae from 40 cadaveric spines were obtained. The specimens were measured using computed tomography (CT). The axial CT images of TT were sliced in a plane horizontal to the pedicle, whereas those of CBT were sliced in a caudocranial plane. The regions of interest of TT and CBT were selected to calculate an average HU value within the area, wherein the screws were inserted and fixed at 6.0 mm × 40 mm and 4.0 mm × 30 mm, respectively. The BMD of vertebrae was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and quantitative CT (QCT). The HU value of CBT (286.74 ± 120.80) was almost twice higher than that of TT (165.61 ± 92.38). The average lateral and anteroposterior BMDs of 240 vertebrae determined using DEXA were 0.540 ± 0.193 and 0.651 ± 0.180 g/cm(2), respectively. The average cortical and cancellous BMDs of 240 vertebrae determined using QCT were 245.63 ± 80.09 and 88.24 ± 61.78 mg/cm(3), respectively. The BMD determined using DEXA and QCT was significantly and positively associated with the HU values of CBT and TT. The ratio of the HU values of CBT and TT was significantly and negatively associated with the lateral BMD determined using DEXA and the cancellous BMD determined using QCT. However, it was significantly and positively associated with segments but not with the anteroposterior BMD determined using DEXA and the cortical BMD determined using QCT. Collectively, the HU values of CBT and TT significantly decreased with decreasing BMD. However, the CBT HU values significantly decreased less than the TT HU values, especially in low-BMD vertebrae and cauda lumbar segments.

A measurement method of nanoparticle sizes by the variance of temporal coherence of dynamic light scattering was presented to resolve problems of complex algorithms,slow operation,and high costs of traditional dynamic light scattering nano-particle measurement systems and its algorithm and measurement system were studied,respectively.Firstly,the photon correlation spectroscopic theory of dynamic light scattering measurement was introduced,and the concept of coherence degree which includes a temporal coherence factor and a spatial coherence factor was deduced.Then,based on the statistical properties of photoelectric detectors,the variance of the fluctuation of scattering intensity was deduced through analysis of the variance of photon counting.The equations of the variance of intensity fluctuations and the temporal coherence degree were established,and the decay width of a dynamic light scattering signal was obtained by the equations.Finally,the particle diameters of the nano-particles were calculated by the Stokes-Einstein equation.Furthermore,the latex particle sample solution with the diameters of 30,50,100 nm and the transmission of 96% was used as the standard sample to be tested in an experiment.The results show that the average values of the measurement error and repeatability error of the new method are 1.84% and 1.76%,respectively,which satisfies the national standard that these errors should be less than 2%,respectively.

To detect if the alloy steel socket sleeve is built in a correct location,an incorporated method for image clustering via the ant colony optimization algorithm and the character differentiation model based on the Support Vector Machine(SVM) was proposed to improve the detection speed and estimation reliability.Firstly,the observation stamps about all of the images were determined according to the differential analysis between each type of the gap images.Then,the first turn of ant colony algorithm for the clustering number unknown was conducted to ascertain the number of basic sorts,and the second turn of ant colony algorithm for the clustering number known was performed to conclude the exceptional sort for the gap images from the another source.Therefore,the every possible states could be covered with the developed differential program.Furthermore,an advanced distributary method based on SVM model was adopted to increase the estimation speed etc.The experiment results in production line indicate that the mis-estimated error ratio is less than 0.5% and the irretrievable error is near zero.The instrumentation equipped with above technique can meet the need of industry application well.

Many fingerprint matching algorithms have been reported in articles in recent years. And people did fingerprint images matching through minutiae matching in most of the algorithms. In this paper, we proposed a new fingerprint minutiae matching algorithm, which is fast, accurate and suitable for the real time fingerprint identification system. In this algorithm we used the core point to determine the reference point and used a round bounding box for matching. Experiments done on a set of fingerprint images captured with a scanner showed that our algorithm is faster and more accurate than Xiping Luo's algorithm.

To the difficulties in collecting rotor's unbalance signal caused by poor environment of rotor 's field balancing test. A signal processing circuit to acquire rotor unbalance signals from the strong noise based on the principle of cross-correlation is designed, according to that the frequency of the rotor speed and the frequency of vibration acceleration caused by rotor imbalance of the rotating body of equipment is the same. After analyzing and processing the vibration acceleration and rotational speed signal, used cross-correlation operations to verify 5 kg of check rotor field dynamic balancing test. The experiment results show that the rotational speed is in the range of 500 r/min to 1800 r/min, the maximum amplitude error is less than 0.347 g and the maximum phase error is less than 5°. Therefore, we think it can meet the typical rotor field dynamic balancing test of rotating body equipment.

In order to improve the security of network, the multi-sensor data fusion technology was studied in depth. Firstly, the relating technology was introduced, and then the basic theory of multi-sensor data fusion technology was analyzed, and then the theory model of multi-sensor data fusion technology was constructed, and then the main application of Data mining model multi-senor data fusion technology on network security was studied, and then comparison analysis of all kinds of data fusion method was carried out, and finally the simulation analysis was carried out, and the results showed that this method had better reliability.

It is introduced of an image analysis technique for the adaptive measuring of the gap width between cylinder cover and socket sleeve. The relative contents include the overall structure presentation of the measuring device, the differentia analysis of the gap image, the first ant colony algorithm for the clustering number unknown, the second ant colony algorithm for the clustering number known, and the adaptive measurement method for the gap width etc. Meanwhile, the experiment results in production line are presented as well.

Motivated by orbifold grand unified theories, we construct a class of three-family Pati-Salam models in a Z6 abelian symmetric orbifold with two discrete Wilson lines. These models have marked differences from previously-constructed three-family models in prime-order orbifolds. In the limit where one of the six compactified dimensions (which lies in a Z2 sub-orbifold) is large compared to the string length scale, our models reproduce the supersymmetry and gauge symmetry breaking pattern of 5d orbifold grand unified theories on an S1/Z2 orbicircle. We find a horizontal 2+1 splitting in the chiral matter spectra -- 2 families of matter are localized on the Z2 orbifold fixed points, and 1 family propagates in the 5d bulk -- and identify them as the first-two and third families. Remarkably, the first two families enjoy a non-abelian dihedral D4 family symmetry, due to the geometric setup of the compactified space. In all our models there are always some color triplets, i.e. (6,1,1) representations of the Pati-Salam group, survive orbifold projections. They could be utilized to spontaneously break the Pati-Salam symmetry to that of the Standard Model. One model, with a 5d E6 symmetry, may give rise to interesting low energy phenomenology. We study gauge coupling unification, allowed Yukawa couplings and some of their phenomenological consequences. The E6 model has a renormalizable Yukawa coupling only for the third family. It predicts a gauge-Yukawa unification relation at the 5d compactification scale, and is capable of generating reasonable quark/lepton masses and mixings. Potential problems are also addressed, they may point to the direction for refining our models., 58 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, revtex4 with ams fonts. Version to appear in NPB

This report presents the theoretical analysis relevant for Higgs physics at the upgraded Tevatron collider and documents the Higgs Working Group simulations to estimate the discovery reach in Run 2 for the Standard Model and MSSM Higgs bosons. Based on a simple detector simulation, we have determined the integrated luminosity necessary to discover the SM Higgs in the mass range 100-190 GeV. The first phase of the Run 2 Higgs search, with a total integrated luminosity of 2 fb-1 per detector, will provide a 95% CL exclusion sensitivity comparable to that expected at the end of the LEP2 run. With 10 fb-1 per detector, this exclusion will extend up to Higgs masses of 180 GeV, and a tantalizing 3 sigma effect will be visible if the Higgs mass lies below 125 GeV. With 25 fb-1 of integrated luminosity per detector, evidence for SM Higgs production at the 3 sigma level is possible for Higgs masses up to 180 GeV. However, the discovery reach is much less impressive for achieving a 5 sigma Higgs boson signal. Even with 30 fb-1 per detector, only Higgs bosons with masses up to about 130 GeV can be detected with 5 sigma significance. These results can also be re-interpreted in the MSSM framework and yield the required luminosities to discover at least one Higgs boson of the MSSM Higgs sector. With 5-10 fb-1 of data per detector, it will be possible to exclude at 95% CL nearly the entire MSSM Higgs parameter space, whereas 20-30 fb-1 is required to obtain a 5 sigma Higgs discovery over a significant portion of the parameter space. Moreover, in one interesting region of the MSSM parameter space (at large tan(beta)), the associated production of a Higgs boson and a b b-bar pair is significantly enhanced and provides potential for discovering a non-SM-like Higgs boson in Run 2. This report presents the theoretical analysis relevant for Higgs physics at the upgraded Tevatron collider and documents the Higgs Working Group simulations to estimate the discovery reach in Run 2 for the Standard Model and MSSM Higgs bosons. Based on a simple detector simulation, we have determined the integrated luminosity necessary to discover the SM Higgs in the mass range 100-190 GeV. The first phase of the Run 2 Higgs search, with a total integrated luminosity of 2 fb-1 per detector, will provide a 95% CL exclusion sensitivity comparable to that expected at the end of the LEP2 run. With 10 fb-1 per detector, this exclusion will extend up to Higgs masses of 180 GeV, and a tantalizing 3 sigma effect will be visible if the Higgs mass lies below 125 GeV. With 25 fb-1 of integrated luminosity per detector, evidence for SM Higgs production at the 3 sigma level is possible for Higgs masses up to 180 GeV. However, the discovery reach is much less impressive for achieving a 5 sigma Higgs boson signal. Even with 30 fb-1 per detector, only Higgs bosons with masses up to about 130 GeV can be detected with 5 sigma significance. These results can also be re-interpreted in the MSSM framework and yield the required luminosities to discover at least one Higgs boson of the MSSM Higgs sector. With 5-10 fb-1 of data per detector, it will be possible to exclude at 95% CL nearly the entire MSSM Higgs parameter space, whereas 20-30 fb-1 is required to obtain a 5 sigma Higgs discovery over a significant portion of the parameter space. Moreover, in one interesting region of the MSSM parameter space (at large tan(beta)), the associated production of a Higgs boson and a b b-bar pair is significantly enhanced and provides potential for discovering a non-SM-like Higgs boson in Run 2.

Starting with the two-loop effective potential of the MSSM, and assuming a supersymmetric scale well above $M_Z$, we derive a simple analytical approximation for the lightest CP-even Higgs boson mass including resummation of higher order logarithmic terms via RG-improvement and finite non-logarithmic terms up to ${\cal O}(\alpha_s\alpha_t)$. This formula describes the most relevant radiative corrections to the MSSM Higgs boson mass, in particular, those associated with non-zero top-squark mixing., Comment: 14 pages, to match the published version