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The study aims to assess the effectiveness of telephone follow-ups combined with a smartphone app (e.g., WeChat [Tencent], which is one of the most widely used communication apps in China), as a smoking cessation intervention. Social volunteers were recruited on March 1, 2017, and randomized to supervision groups with five participants in each group. Every day, the specialists shared some information related to smoking cessation including the videos, songs, and scientific knowledge in WeChat groups and conducted telephone follow-ups on the third, fifth, seventh, ninth, 12th, 17th, 22nd, 27th, and 30th day in March and on April 1. Ultimately, a comparison was made of the self-reported smoking abstinence and self-reported average number of cigarettes smoked between the participants. One hundred ten volunteers participated in the study, with 105 who completed follow-up. Self-reported smoking abstinence in the past 7 days occurred in 65.7% of the participants (n = 69) compared with 34.3% (n = 36) in whom smoking abstinence did not occur. The mean age of those who failed was 40.15 years (range: 22–70 years), and 55.5% (n = 20) attributed their failure to personal reasons. However, the self-reported average number of cigarettes smoked every day was less than that before the study (on average, 10.34 ± 8.17 per day), and this difference was statistically significant (95% CI [8.312, 12.364], p < .01). It was effective to deliver a telephone follow-up combined with a smartphone app follow-up as an intervention for smoking cessation.

Sisi Zhang,1 Houjuan Zuo,1 Xiaoping Meng,2 Dayi Hu1,3 1Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 2Affiliated Hospital of Changchun Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 3People’s Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaoping Meng, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gongnong Avenue No. 1478, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13180889540, Email xiopingmeng@126.com Dayi Hu, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No. 1095, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13901389171, Email hudayihust@126.comAim: To describe a new model, the Support Life Club (SLC), for participants of Phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs and to evaluate this model for adherence, completion rates, and clinical outcomes.Methods: This retrospective study involved 391 consecutive patients who participated in an outpatient CR program between September 2016 and May 2020. The intervention group (SLC) was comprised of 198 patients who participated in education, WeChat-based group activity as well as outdoor activities, while the control group (non-intervention) was comprised of 193 cases. All patients attended a 12-week supervised outpatient CR program (three sessions per week, each lasting 40min). The intervention and control groups were compared for completion rates, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) results, Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT) distances, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores.Results: Patients in the intervention group attended at least 75% of the exercise training sessions more often than those in the control group (72.5% vs 40.41%, adjusted odds ratio (OR): 27.385; 95% CI: 10.2 to 73.6; P = 0.0000). Analysis of variance (2 × 2 ANOVA) revealed a significant group-by-time interaction in PHQ9 and 6MWT test results (p = 0.000).Conclusion: The addition of SLC to a cardiac rehabilitation program resulted in better outcomes for PHQ9 and 6MWT tests and may be a useful strategy to improve exercise adherence.Keywords: cardiac rehabilitation, support life club, adherence, completion rate, WeChat platform

There is a large literature on earnings and income volatility in labor economics, household finance, and macroeconomics. One strand of that literature has studied whether individual earnings volatility has risen or fallen in the U.S. over the last several decades. There are strong disagreements in the empirical literature on this important question, with some studies showing upward trends, some showing downward trends, and some showing no trends. Some studies have suggested that the differences are the result of using flawed survey data instead of more accurate administrative data. This paper summarizes the results of a project attempting to reconcile these findings with four different data sets and six different data series--three survey and three administrative data series, including two which match survey respondent data to their administrative data. Using common specifications, measures of volatility, and other treatments of the data, four of the six data series show a lack of any significant long-term trend in male earnings volatility over the last 20-to-30+ years when differences across the data sets are properly accounted for. A fifth data series (the PSID) shows a positive net trend but small in magnitude. A sixth, administrative, data set, available only since 1998, shows no net trend 1998-2011 and only a small decline thereafter. Many of the remaining differences across data series can be explained by differences in their cross-sectional distribution of earnings, particularly differences in the size of the lower tail. We conclude that the data sets we have analyzed, which include many of the most important available, show little evidence of any significant trend in male earnings volatility since the mid-1980s.

Beton-Beton-Verbundfugen werden in Baukonstruktionen häufig verwendet, beispielsweise zwischen Betonfertigteilen und Ortbetonelementen oder zwischen alten und neuen Betonelementen. Betonelemente erfahren Temperaturschwankungen sowie Kriech- und Schwindenverformungen, welche aufgrund der durch die Beton-Beton-Verbundfugen ausgeübten Beschränkungen zu Spannungen führen. Hohe Scher- und Zugspannungen an den Kanten von Trägern oder Platten führen zum Versagen der Verbundfuge. Dieses Phänomen tritt beispielsweise in der Festen Fahrbahn im Eisenbahnwesen auf. An der Grenzfläche zwischen der Betonfertigteilplatte und der Mörtelfüllschicht entstehen mitunter Risse und Lücken. Dieses Phänomen verringert die Dauerhaftigkeit der Struktur, erhöht die Wartungskosten und verursacht Sicherheitsrisiken. Daher ist eine theoretische Untersuchung des Versagensmechanismus in der Verbundfugen für den praktischen Entwurf erforderlich. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Versagensmechanismus von Beton-Beton-Verbundfugen unter Temperatureinwirkungen zu untersuchen. Als Grundlage dient das Beispiel des kontinuierlichen Festen Fahrbahn Systems der Firma Max Bögl. Es wird ein experimentelles Programm in Kombination mit einer inversen Analyse entwickelt, um die Brucheigenschaften von Grenzflächen zwischen Beton und Zement-Asphalt-Mörtel (CAM) zu erhalten. Für die inverse Analyse werden hierzu Finite Element Modellen (FEM) erstellt. Zentrische Zugversuche für Modus I und Scherversuche für Modus II werden durchgeführt. Aufgrund des ungleichmäßigen Spannungszustands an der Verbundfuge wird die inverse Analyse verwendet, um die Experimente zu kalibrieren. Mit dessen Hilfe werden die Spannungs- und Verschiebungsbeziehungen in Modus I und Modus II ermittelt, die das konstitutive Modell der Verbundfuge bilden. Anschließend wird das Verhalten der Verbundfuge in Längsrichtung unter konstanter Temperaturänderung und in Vertikalrichtung unter linear veränderlichem Temperaturgradient mittels analytischer Lösungen in einer Dimension (1D) und Finite-Elemente-Lösungen in zwei (2D) und drei Dimensionen (3D) mit Federelementen oder Kontaktbasierten Kohäsionszonenmodell (CZM) erforscht. Die analytischen Modelle werden mit dem 1D FE Modell validiert. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die analytische Lösung für das Verhalten der Verbundfuge in Längsrichtung bei konstanter Temperaturveränderung im Vergleich zur FEM die ungünstigsten Ergebnisse hinsichtlich des Verbundversagens liefert. Die Ergebnisunterschiede zwischen verschiedener Modelle werden kleiner, wenn Schäden an der Verbundfuge auftreten. Im Gegensatz hierzu kann für die Verhalten der Verbundfugen in Vertikalrichtung unter linear veränderlichem Temperaturgradient ein äquivalentes 3D-Modell auf der Basis einer analytischen Lösung entwickelt werden, das ähnliche Ergebnisse wie die 3D-FEM liefert. Schließlich werden die Einflüsse verschiedener Verbundparameter der Fuge wie Haftfestigkeit und Steifigkeit auf die Fugenschädigung untersucht. Um geeignete Empfehlungen für den Entwurf der Verbundfugen zu geben, werden geometrische Parameter der Platte (z. B. Plattenlänge, -breite und -dicke) sowie Verbundparameter der Fuge für die Grenzzustandsstudien zur Gebrauchstauglichkeit implementiert. In diesem Fall bleibt die Verbundfuge in linear elastische Phase ohne Verbundversagen unter extremen Temperatureinwirkungen.

Growth of intermittent renewable energy and climate change make it increasingly difficult to manage electricity demand variability. Centralized storage can help but is costly. An alternative is to shift demand. Cooling and heating demands are substantial and can be economically shifted using thermal storage. To estimate what thermal storage, employed at scale, might do to reshape electricity loads, we pair fine-scale weather data with hourly electricity use to estimate the share of temperature-sensitive demand across 31 regions that span the continental United States. We then show how much variability can be reduced by shifting temperature-sensitive loads, with and without improved transmission between regions. We find that approximately three quarters of within-day, within-region demand variability can be eliminated by shifting just half of temperature-sensitive demand. The variability-reducing benefits of shifting temperature-sensitive demand complement those gained from improved interregional transmission, and greatly mitigate the challenge of serving higher peaks under climate change., Comment: 23 pages, plus 16 pages supplement, 4 figures, 1 table, plus supplementary tables and figures

How do “cooling measures” in the housing market—policies aimed to stabilize prices—affect the market? We use a structural model of housing demand and price competition among developers to evaluate China’s home purchase restriction policies implemented in 2010–11., Comment le marché de l’habitation réagit-il aux mesures destinées à stabiliser les prix des logements? Nous utilisons un modèle structurel de la demande de logement et de la concurrence des prix entre promoteurs immobiliers pour évaluer les effets des restrictions sur l’achat de logements instaurées en 2010-2011 en Chine.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. The four targets were IL6 (PDB ID: 5fuc), VEGFA (PDB ID: 6d3o), AKT1(PDB ID: 6s9x), and EGF (PDB ID:1jl9). The top three compounds were leteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol. The binding energies of ligand compounds and protein receptors were as follows. The binding energy ranges from −7.33 kcal/mol to − 5.20 kcal/mol. Structural model of active ingredients with hub targets. (A) Structural model of IL6 with luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol. (B) Structural model of VEGFA with luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol.(C) Structural model of AKT1 with luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol. (D) Structural model of EGF with luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Supplementary Figure 2. Binding site of active ingredients with hub targets.(A) Binding site of IL6 with luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol.(B) Binding site of VEGFA with luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol. (C) Binding site of AKT1 with luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol. (D) Binding site of EGF with luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol.

We evaluate the impact on household income of Viet Nam's national target programme to build a new countryside for the period from 2010 to 2015. The purpose of the programme is to modernize rural Viet Nam. Given the universal implementation of the programme, we use a quasi-experimental approach whereby we employ three evaluation techniques which each have their own strengths and weaknesses: an income growth model (ordinary least squares), differences-in-differences, and propensity score matching. We exploit the fact that not all rural communes graduated by the end of the period as "new rural communes" and consider the unsuccessful communes as our comparison group. We find that the programme was responsible for an increase in household income of between 16 and 28 per cent, depending on the evaluation method used. As the comparison communes have also benefited to some extent from the programme, these percentages are an underestimate of the true effect. We also find that the programme was pro-poor and that it raised non-farm income in particular.

Aims Responses of plants to increased irradiance are governed by two strategies: an increase in the utilization of absorbed light and photo-protective mechanisms. Varied physiological responses to increased irradiance were observed in plant species with differing adaptabilities to light regimes. This research aims to explore the physiological responses and photo-protective mechanisms of two Rhododendron plants to changes in light regimes. Methods Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and rapid light curves were measured for leaves of R. hybrida (a shade-tolerant species) and R. simsii (a light-loving and shade-tolerant species) following exposure to sunlight for five days after growing in the shade for one year. Important findings Natural sunlight decreased the efficiency of photochemical reaction by reducing the fraction of incident light in photochemical energy utilization and decreased thermal dissipation through regulating energy dissipation in photosystem II (PSII) in the leaves of R. hybrida. As a result, natural sunlight induced the accumulation of excess excitation energy in PSII, and caused photo-inhibition and even photodamage in the leaves of R. hybrida, which was suddenly transferred from long-term shading to sun exposures. The acclimation capacity to changes of growth light regimes was stronger in R. simsii than in R. hybrida, due to a higher capability for photochemical reaction, thermal dissipation and cyclic electron flows around photosystem I in the leaves of R. simsii. Rhododendron simsii could utilize a high fraction of incident light in photochemistry and regulate energy dissipation in PSII to protect the photosynthetic apparatus under both shading and natural sunlight condition. Therefore, high light intensity under natural sunlight did not cause photo-inhibition in R. simsii. 1094 植物生态学报 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2015, 39 (11): 1093–1100 www.plant-ecology.com

SMEs financing is a difficult problem in the world, and it is more difficult in China. The highlight of our paper is that it offers a route which could settle the difficult problem but loan on credit. There are three platforms which can effectively settle SMEs financing difficulty with warehouse receipt. Platform 1 is a warehouse receipt management platform which manages SMEs movable property. Platform 2 is a P2P platform, or warehouse receipt financing platform. Platform 3 is a transaction platform of warehouse receipt. Future works have been put in the end.

DNA damaged bases are one of the reasons for a variety diseases, such as carcinogenesis, aging and cell death. uracil is a nucleobase that arises from cytosine deamination. N-Deprotonated uracil functions as a leaving group during the deamination process. Theoretically, in the SN2 reaction, leaving group ability tracks with pKa of the conjugate acid in the solution phase, that is, lower pKa is associated with better leaving group ability. In the gas phase, leaving group ability is better with higher acidity of the conjugate acid. The studies we did previously showed that although 3-methyluracil is as acidic as hydrochloric acid in the gas phase, the leaving group ability of chloride is better than deprotonated 3-methyluracil. The reason we propose this is that the electron delocalization in the transition state of SN2 reaction cannot be fully recognized as in acidity. Therefore, we designed substituted aniline and amine with leaving groups with or without the ability of electron delocalization and found that substituted amine with leaving groups that did not have the ability of electron delocalization tracked better with acidity than the one with the ability of electron delocalization. The result is consistent with our proposal. We also tested the Hammond postulate with the calculation results. Another focus of interest is N-heterocyclic singlet carbenes (NHCs), which are ligands of a variety of organometallic catalysts. Presumably the ligands are more effective if they are more basic, that is, with higher proton affinity. The protonated carbenes are also an important class of ionic liquids, known as green solvents with several advantages over traditional organic solvents. Strassner et al designed a new type of ionic liquid imidazolium salt with tunable para-aryl substituent, and we measured the acidity of these tunable aryl-alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs). The proton-bound dimers of dimethyl imidazole and PCy3 are found to exhibit interesting reactivity. In addition to producing just protonated carbenes and protonated phosphine with collision induced dissociation (CID), the proton-bound dimers generate another ion of interest with m/z 295. We designed and synthesized the di-CD3 imidazole, and proved that the dimethyl system undergoes phosphine methylation during CID process.

A metamorphic GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs/Ge multi-junction solar cell with InAs quantum dots is investigated, and the analytical expression of the energy conversion efficiency on the multi-junction tandem solar cell is derived using the detailed balance principle and the Kronig—Penney model. The influences of interdot distance, quantum-dot size and the intermediate band location on the energy conversion efficiency are studied. This shows that the maximum efficiency, as a function of quantum-dot size and distance, is about 60.15% under the maximum concentration for only one InAs/GaAs subcell, and is even up to 39.69% for the overall cell. In addition, other efficiency factors such as current mismatch, the formation of a quasicontinuum conduction band and concentrated light are examined.