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Additional file 2. Figure S2: GSEA results of specific enrichment set. (A, B) The 10 significantly enriched GO terms in high and low-risk ESCC patients. (C, D) KEGG pathways of different risk groups. GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis; GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Additional file 1. Figure S1: Establishment of prognostic model in ESCC. (A) LASSO coefficients of the five prognostic DDRGs. (B) Identifying LASSO deviance profiles using cross-validation. (C) The forest plot shows prognostic DDRGs using univariate Cox regression analysis. (D) The five prognostic DDRGs and 50 related genes. ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; DDRGs, DNA damage repair genes.

Federated Recommendation can mitigate the systematical privacy risks of traditional recommendation since it allows the model training and online inferring without centralized user data collection. Most existing works assume that all user devices are available and adequate to participate in the Federated Learning. However, in practice, the complex recommendation models designed for accurate prediction and massive item data cause a high computation and communication cost to the resource-constrained user device, resulting in poor performance or training failure. Therefore, how to effectively compress the computation and communication overhead to achieve efficient federated recommendations across ubiquitous mobile devices remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces split learning into the two-tower recommendation models and proposes STTFedRec, a privacy-preserving and efficient cross-device federated recommendation framework. STTFedRec achieves local computation reduction by splitting the training and computation of the item model from user devices to a performance-powered server. The server with the item model provides low-dimensional item embeddings instead of raw item data to the user devices for local training and online inferring, achieving server broadcast compression. The user devices only need to perform similarity calculations with cached user embeddings to achieve efficient online inferring. We also propose an obfuscated item request strategy and multi-party circular secret sharing chain to enhance the privacy protection of model training. The experiments conducted on two public datasets demonstrate that STTFedRec improves the average computation time and communication size of the baseline models by about 40 times and 42 times in the best-case scenario with balanced recommendation accuracy.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive inflammatory liver disease, and the incidence rate of pediatric AIH is gradually increasing in recent years. AIH can be classified into AIH-1 (with positive antinuclear antibody and/or smooth muscle antibody and/or anti-soluble liver antigen antibody) and AIH-2 (with positive liver-kidney microsomal type 1 antibody and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibody), among which AIH-2 is mainly seen in children. Positive autoantibodies are rare in healthy children, and thus the requirements for autoantibody titer in the diagnosis of pediatric AIH are lower than the criteria for adults. Pediatric AIH progresses more rapidly than adult AIH, and treatment should be started immediately after confirmed diagnosis. Scoring systems for the diagnosis of AIH in adults are not applicable to pediatric patients and cannot be used to differentiate AIH from autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis.

This experiment was carried out to study the possibility of producing germinating seeds of bitter gourd (Momordica charamtia L.) in the climatic conditions of Europe. Seeds of Indian cultivar ‘Nana’ were sown in the greenhouse and produced transplants were planted on the field. The plants were cultivated in the field in 2 ways: tied to the sticks or creeping on the ground. During the vegetation, the ripen fruits with seeds were collected 6 times, and after extracting, they were germinated in the laboratory following the routine ISTA rules. The best transplants of bitter gourd were received within one month from the seeds emerging 51.8%. The transplant of bitter gourd had average height of 7 cm, 3-4 leaves, out of which the biggest had the width of 5 cm. Such transplants would grow into fruiting plants. When growing bitter gourd for seeds, the earliest fruits were harvested from the plants tied to the sticks. Moreover, the best seeds were harvested from 2/3 of early fruits. For the purpose of seed production, it is recommended to keep only 3-4 fruits per plant and remove other fruits. The produced seeds germinated from 8% to 24%. If the plants were tied to the sticks, their fruits ripened earlier. The used production way and time of harvest of fruits had no effect on the seed germination. The cultivation methods of bitter gourd plants had no effect on the chemical components of fruits.

In view of the problems of waste of water resources, high labor intensity and unscientific irrigation during farmland irrigation, and the shortcomings of ZigBee technology in the water-saving irrigation system network, such as short transmission distance, complicated network structure, and signals that are easily interfered during transmission. This paper designs a farmland environment information collection and monitoring system based on NB-IoT. The system consists of a terminal collection node, a wireless communication module and a host computer. Farmland environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor network includes wireless temperature and humidity sensor, wireless nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor, Arduino MEGA development board NB-IoT communication module, gateway and Wasp mobile network, real-time collection, processing and wireless of farmland moisture data Transmission function, using NI LabVIEW software to compile the monitoring interface, real-time display of soil moisture in the form of waveform graph, and automatically control the opening and closing of the valve according to the soil moisture information. The system has flexible layout, long transmission distance, simple structure and integrated modules. It can achieve the purpose of precise irrigation and water saving, and is suitable for field planting, which has certain promotion significance.

This chapter investigates consumer finance in China from the perspective of the retail industry’s development. This chapter discusses the current situation and history of China’s retail industry, particularly the prepaid card business. Consumer finance in China has chosen a different development path than Japan and South Korea.

Murine double minute-2 (MDM2) is a negative regulator of P53, and its T309G polymorphism has been suggested as a risk factor for a variety of cancers. Increasing evidence has shown the association of MDM2 T309G polymorphism with head and neck carcinoma (HNC) risk. However, the results are inconsistent. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to elucidate the association. The meta-analysis retrieved studies published up to August 2015, and essential information was extracted for analysis. Separate analyses on ethnicity, source of controls, sample size, detection method, and cancer types were also conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association. Pooled data from 16 case–control studies including 4625 cases and 6927 controls failed to indicate a significant association. However, in the subgroup analysis of sample sizes, an increased risk was observed in the largest sample size group (>1000) under a recessive model (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.08–2.13). Increased risks were also found in the nasopharyngeal cancer in the subgroup analysis of cancer types (GG vs TT: OR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.38–3.12; dominant model: OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.13–1.93; recessive model: OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.17–2.65). The results suggest that homozygote GG alleles of MDM2 SNP309 may be a low-penetrant risk factor for HNC, and G allele may confer nasopharyngeal cancer susceptibility.

(1) Passivation of aluminum in 1M LiBOB/EC+DMC Cyclic voltammograms (CV), in which the potential was swept to maximum values of 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5V, were obtained for aluminum in 1.0 M LiBOB/EC+DMC. Even when the potential reached 6.5 V, no corrosion was detected on the surface of aluminum. The combined results of CV, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements indicate a passive film is formed on aluminum anodically polarized in 1.0 M LiBOB/EC+DMC and the film’s thickness increases with increasing potential. Specifically, (i) CV curves exhibited a pronounced hysteresis, (ii) capacitances, as measured by EIS decreased with increasing potential, and (iii) aluminum’s mass, as measured by EQCM, increased with increasing potential.

This article reviews the achievements and history of telecommunications development in China, and analyzes the development of the telecommunications services market in China. The analysis is mainly focused on total turnover of telecommunications services, the development of telecommunications services, and competition in the market. Finally, it analyzes issues on policies and regulations for telecommunications, and gives development targets for the future.

The potential of alkylammonium compounds (AACs) as wood preservatives, was recognized during the 1970s. The problems associated with AAC-treated wood, particularly treated with didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), are severe surface degradation and discoloration compared to untreated wood. The aims of this study were to assess the performance of AAC based chemically treated wood to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and also determine photo-resistance of wood treated with a combination of selected additives plus DDAC, during UV irradiation. Southern pine sapwood thin sections were treated with the new biocides and then exposed to artificial UV light. The compositional changes in the treated and untreated wood sections were examined using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which provides a rapid and nondestructive analysis of the wood during UV irradiation. The relative lignin degradation and the formation of carbonyl groups were quantitatively analyzed based on the peaks at 1510 and 1730 cm⁻¹ in the FTIR spectra. The studies showed that only the new biocides containing the cobiocide copper, slowed wood photodegradation by inhibiting the formation of carbonyl groups and delignification compared to the untreated wood and wood treated with only organic biocide formulations. DDAC treatment accelerates delignification and demethoxylation via the formation of free radicals. In order to increase the photo-resistance of DDAC treated wood, additives including butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), lignosulfonic acid (LSA), tannic acid and wood extractives, isolated from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western red cedar (Thuja plicata) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) heartwood, were used with DDAC. FTIR was used to examine the effectiveness of the additives in slowing the photodegradation of DDAC treated wood during U V irradiation. The FTIR spectra showed that tannic acid and Douglas-fir extractives greatly improved the photo-resistance of DDAC treated wood based on the changes to the peak at 1510 cm⁻¹ which presents aromatic skeletal vibrations in lignin. A quantitative analysis of the FTIR spectra was used to assess the lignin degradation and the formation of carbonyl groups. The results showed that the addition of Douglas-fir extractives, and tannic acid to DDAC reduced lignin degradation. Douglas-fir and cedar extractives also reduced the formation of carbonyl groups of the wood to some degree. Douglas-fir extractives and tannic acid contain polyphenolic components, which have antioxidant potential. The results suggested that the antioxidant properties of the additives slowed the oxidation process of lignin in the wood during UV exposure by terminating the formation of free radicals from lignin, generated by UV light. A washing study showed that the action of washing might wash off the additives and DDAC in the wood sections, because their FTIR spectra showed no clear difference on the peak intensity after 6 days of UV exposure. The color changes in photoexposed samples were examined by a Minolta CM-2600d spectrophotometer for the wood sections treated with additives plus DDAC during UV irradiation. It was found that the color change was greatly retarded in the wood treated with Douglas-fir or cedar extractives. Douglas-fir and cedar extractives effectively resisted color change and also provided an excellent brightness stability when combined with up to 5% DDAC treated wood. The discoloration study of wood sections treated with additives plus DDAC by UV irradiation and washing showed that the action of washing may wash out some of the additives in the wood, but Douglas-fir and cedar extractives still resisted color change to some degree and provided brightness stability for DDAC treated wood.

The paper reviews achievements and history of telecommunications development and regulatory system reform in China, discusses the evolution of reform, analyses influence of regulatory system reform to China’s telecommunication industry, and finally makes some suggestions on the development of China Telecom.

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Background Previous evidence implicates polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1, candidates of phase II enzymes, as risk factors for various cancers. A number of studies have conducted on the association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism with susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, inconsistent and inconclusive results have been obtained. In the present study, we aimed to assess the possible associations of NPC risk with GSTM1 and GSTM1 null genotype, respectively. Methods The associated literature was acquired through deliberate searching and selected based on the established inclusion criteria for publications, then the extracted data were further analyzed using systematic meta-analyses. Results A total of 85 articles were identified, of which eight case-control studies concerning NPC were selected. The results showed that the overall OR was 1.42 (95%CI = 1.21–1.66) for GSTM1 polymorphism. While for GSTT1 polymorphism, the overall OR was 1.12 (95% CI = 0.93–1.34). Conclusion The data were proven stable via sensitivity analyses. The results suggest GSTM1 deletion as a risk factor for NPC and failed to suggest a marked correlation of GSTT1 polymorphisms with NPC risk.