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Conjugation between peptides and polyphenols could improve their bioactive and functional properties. The improvement effects of anchovy protein hydrolysates (APH) -polyphenol (catechin (CA), gallic acid (GA), tannic acid (TA)) conjugates were investigated. The content of protein and polyphenols and ratio of polyphenols/peptides in conjugates increased as the number of OH group increased with TA > CA > GA. Results showed that APH-CA and APH-GA exhibited the highest ORAC and ABTS + scavenging capacity, respectively. Mass spectrometry analysis suggested the highest number of bioactive peptides were identified in APH-CA 5:1 (APH/polyphenols). The physical stability of fish oil emulsions during storage was significantly enhanced by TA 5:1 conjugate followed by CA 5:1 conjugate. The oxidative stability was remarkably elevated by APH-GA 10:1. This was due to the antioxidant capacity and the peptides adsorbed at the interfacial. This study demonstrated that APH-polyphenol conjugates could bring the possibility of utilizing peptides-polyphenols in the nutraceutical and functional food ingredient fields.

The functionality and structural properties of pig skin hydrolysates with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH, 10% and 20%) and microfluidisation (120MPa), prepared by pepsin and Alcalase® have been investigated in this study. Extensive hydrolysis can significantly improve the absolute value of the zeta potential and surface hydrophobicity. The particle distribution of hydrolysates decreased with increasing DH. The numbers of free sulfhydryl (SH) and disulfide bonds (SS) were significantly increased with increasing DH (p

A novel mesophilic anaerobic digestion process with detoxification-treated coconut shell pyroligneous was established, exhibiting an effective advantage in biogas production. The pyroligneous collected contained 166.2 g l(-1) acetic acid, indicating great potential for biogas production. Detoxification was an effective way of simultaneously enriching biodegradable ingredients and removing inhibitors (mainly as phenols and organic acids) for digestion process. The digestion process lasted 96 h and fermentation characteristics (chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ratio, volatile fatty acid (VFA) consumptions, pH, total gas, methane yield, and phenol removal efficiency) were measured. The experiments successfully explored the optimum detoxification parameters, oxidized with 10 % H2O2 followed by overliming, and demonstrated 89.3 % COD removal, 91.4 % methane content, 0.305 LCH4/g COD removed CH4 yield, and 88.81 % phenol removal ratio. This study provided clues to overcome the negative effects of inhibitors in pyroligneous on biogas production. The findings could contribute to significant process in detoxified pretreatment of pyroligneous and develop an economically feasible technology for treating pyroligneous after producing charcoal.

The experiment was conducted to assess the protective effects of Momordica grosvenori extract (MGE) against lipid and protein oxidation-induced damage in vacuum-packed dried minced pork slices stored at room temperature for 21days. Antioxidant activity of MGE was evaluated by measuring its radical scavenging activities and reducing power with progressive concentrations from 40 to 200g/L. MGE was added to the dried minced pork slices at 7, 10 or 15g/100g. Results showed that inclusion of MGE in dried minced pork slice significantly delayed the formation of hexanal, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and carbonyls and reduced the sulfhydryl loss in a dose-dependent manner (P

This study was designed to evaluate mulberry anthocyanins bioconversion traits for intestinal probiotics. Five intestinal beneficial bacteria were incubated with mulberry anthocyanins under anaerobic conditions at 37°C, and bacterial β-glucosidase activity and anthocyanin level were determined. Results demonstrated that all strains could convert mulberry anthocyanins to some extent. With high β-glucosidase production capacity, Streptococcus thermophiles GIM 1.321 and Lactobacillus plantarum GIM 1.35 degraded mulberry anthocyanins by 46.17% and 43.62%, respectively. Mulberry anthocyanins were mainly biotransformed to chlorogenic acid, crypto-chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid during the anaerobic process. Non-enzymatic deglycosylation of anthocyanins also occurred and approximately 19.42% of the anthocyanins were degraded within 48h by this method.

The main monomer compounds from spoiled Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idellus) were analyzed and deduced using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Forty-six kinds of monomer compounds were determined in spoiled Grass carp, including 3 kinds of non-nitrogenous compounds and 43 nitrogenous compounds. Forty-three nitrogenous compounds including 6 kinds of amino acids (2 kinds of α-amino acids), 10 kinds of amines, 12 kinds of amide compounds, 2 kinds of nitro compounds, 12 kinds of heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds, and 1 kind of nitriles compound. The results indicated that the quantity and chemical structure of main monomer compounds of Grass carp were significantly changed during the spoiled process. Practical applications Structure of monomer compounds in fresh and perishable materials can be inferred and identificated by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. They can be used to increase efficiency in identification and analysis of chemical component. It will be benefit for identification, evolution, and deduction of active ingredients and new compounds of fresh material in preservation.