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Pan-sharpening, as one of the most commonly used techniques in remote sensing systems, aims to inject spatial details from panchromatic images into multispectral images (MS) to obtain high-resolution multispectral images. Since deep learning has received widespread attention because of its powerful fitting ability and efficient feature extraction, a variety of pan-sharpening methods have been proposed to achieve remarkable performance. However, current pan-sharpening methods usually require the paired panchromatic (PAN) and MS images as input, which limits their usage in some scenarios. To address this issue, in this paper we observe that the spatial details from PAN images are mainly high-frequency cues, i.e., the edges reflect the contour of input PAN images. This motivates us to develop a PAN-agnostic representation to store some base edges, so as to compose the contour for the corresponding PAN image via them. As a result, we can perform the pan-sharpening task with only the MS image when inference. To this end, a memory-based network is adapted to extract and memorize the spatial details during the training phase and is used to replace the process of obtaining spatial information from PAN images when inference, which is called Memory-based Spatial Details Network (MSDN). Finally, we integrate the proposed MSDN module into the existing deep learning-based pan-sharpening methods to achieve an end-to-end pan-sharpening network. With extensive experiments on the Gaofen1 and WorldView-4 satellites, we verify that our method constructs good spatial details without PAN images and achieves the best performance. The code is available at https://github.com/Zhao-Tian-yi/Learning-to-Pan-sharpening-with-Memories-of-Spatial-Details.git.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent intestinal disease. The incidence rate of IBD is increasing year by year, which seriously endangers human health worldwide. More and more studies have shown that medicinal plants or their main phytochemicals have great potential in the treatment of intestinal diseases. However, the disadvantages of low oral absorption rate, low biological distribution and low systemic bioavailability limit their clinical application to a certain extent. In recent years, the application of nanotechnology has made it possible to treat IBD. Nanoparticles (NPs) drug delivery system has attracted special attention in the treatment of IBD due to its small size, low immunogenicity, surface modification diversity, targeting and other advantages. Synthetic nanoparticles and extracellular vehicles (EVs) can deliver drug components to colon, and play a role in anti-inflammation, regulation of oxidative stress, improvement of intestinal flora, etc. In addition, some medicinal plants can secrete EVs by themselves, and carry biological molecules with therapeutic effects to act on the intestine. Some clinical trials to evaluate the safety, tolerance, toxicity and effectiveness of EVs-loaded drugs in IBD are also progressing steadily. This review introduces that synthetic nanoparticles and medicinal plants derived EVs can play an important role in the treatment of IBD by carrying the effective active phytochemicals of medicinal plants, and discuss the limitations of current research and future research needs, providing a scientific and reliable basis and perspective for further clinical application and promotion.

第32回アストロダイナミクスシンポジウム (2022年7月25-26日. ハイブリッド開催（JAXA相模原キャンパス& オンライン)), The 32th Workshop on JAXA Astrodynamics and Flight Mechanics 2022 (July 25-26, 2022. Hybrid(in-person & online) Conference (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), 資料番号: SA6000181003, レポート番号: ASTRO-2022-A001

The acupuncture case registry study is focusing on acupuncture therapy data from patient cases. The main objective is to collect real-world data and integrate clinically meaningful outcome evaluation indicators to uncover and evaluate real-world acupuncture efficacy and safety, explore factors affecting acupuncture efficacy, and provide real-world evidence to complement RCTs. Since the International Acupuncture Case Registry data collection system’s establishment in 2017, 16 projects have been underway, including two acupuncture specialty therapies and 15 diseases. Data from 3404 patients included extensive information on the diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and the evaluation of its efficacy. In order to serve as a guide for future studies, this article discusses the value of and rationale for establishing acupuncture case registry studies, how to distinguish them from patient registries, and crucial techniques for implementing registry studies in terms of applications, patient recruitment, costakeholder collaboration, data collection and management, study quality control, and ethics.

Additional file 1: Fig. 1. Different time points of EB treated Caco-2 cells. 10−4, 10−6 and 10−8 mol/L estradiol and control(DMSO) groups were set at different time points 24h (A), 48(B) and 72h(C). ABCG2 mRNA expression was significantly induced by 10−4 mol/L EB at 48hrs. Fig. 2. Expression of estrogen receptors A and B (ERA and ERB) on Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells naturally express ER, and EB could up-regulate the expression of ERA and ERB in Caco-2 cells.

Under the background of innovation-driven development strategy, evaluating the development level of regional science and technology service industry (RSTSI) is an effective means to promote the efficient utilization of resources and guide the innovation and sustainable development of regional industries. Based on identifying the influencing factors of the development level of RSTSI, this paper first constructs the evaluation index system of the development level of RSTSI from the four dimensions, namely, industrial innovation service environment, industrial service resource base, industrial innovation service level and industrial innovation development potential, and then introduces the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) to develop the evaluation method. The AHP can help achieve a reasonable index weighting on the basis of integrating the empirical judgments of experts in relevant fields, while the FCE can help evaluate the target affected by multiple factors and combine the advantages of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Finally, the RSTSI in Heilongjiang Province is selected as an empirical case, and the development level is "average". The empirical results show that the evaluation index system and method developed in this paper can effectively evaluate the development level of RSTSI, so its application can provide guidance for industrial sustainable development planning and government policy design.

Purpose This study aims to predict the construction cost in China, the authors purposed a fused method. Design/methodology/approach The authors extracted 22 factors which may influence the cost and performed the correlation analysis with cost. They chose the highest 10 factors to predict cost by the fused method. The method fused the Kalman filter with least squares support vector machine and multiple linear regression. Findings Ten factors which affect the cost most were found. The construction cost in China can be predicted by the presented method precisely. The statistical filter method could be used in the field of construction cost prediction. Research limitations/implications The construction cost and construction interior factors are a business secret in China. So, the authors only collected 24 buildings’ data to perform the experiments. Practical implications There is no standard and precise method to predict construction cost in China, so the presented method offers a new way to judge the feasibility of projects and select design schemes of construction. Originality/value The authors purposed a new fused method to predict construction cost. It is the first time that the statistical filtering method was used in this field. The effectiveness was verified by the experiments. Ten factors which have a high relationship with construction cost were found.

This paper presents a novel energy efficiency control method for a fan coil unit, the duty ratio fuzzy control method (DRFCM), which employs the concept of duty ratio on the electric valve control to fully utilize the cooling and dehumidifying capacity of a fan coil unit when the control valve is closed. This paper adopts a FCUs system with a three fan speed controls and an electric water valve on/off control in Chengdu, China. The application results show that DRFCM could obtain at least 10.3% energy savings over the conventional control method.

The variable differential pressure (DP) set-point control strategy has become the main energy-saving measure for central air conditioning water system variable volume adjustment. In optimal operation control, it is critical to use the right reference object to implement global, accurate, and online control. In mainland China, the most unfavorable loop is typically used as the reference object for variable DP set-point control in the majority of cases of variable volume air conditioning system adjustment. However, its concept and feasibility require further clarification. First, this paper analyzes the difference in the characteristics of a most unfavorable loop under air conditioning design work conditions versus under operational conditions. Under design operational conditions, the referenced most unfavorable hydraulic loop only reflects the distribution of the pipe network's hydraulic characteristics, whereas under system operational conditions, the variable volume adjustment strategy should be chosen according to each user's load requirement, i.e., a most unfavorable thermodynamic loop. Then, this paper provides definitions of the most unfavorable thermodynamic loop and online identification method and proposes a variable DP set-point optimal reset strategy based on the maximum valve position loop's optimal reset valve position domain and best valve position domain. Finally, the variable DP set-point control of a primary pump variable volume air conditioning water system in an industrial factory is used as an example to conduct a test studying 6 variable DP or constant DP control strategies, including the method proposed in this paper. The test results show that the most unfavorable loop-based variable DP control strategy saves 47–58% water pump power consumption (up to 985 kWh electric power consumption per day) when compared with the conventional variable DP control strategy, whereas the most unfavorable thermodynamic loop-based variable DP control strategy is more advantageous in ensuring the overall cooling energy supply for each user.

In order to maximize the recovery of heat energy from shower greywater, improve the operation stability of the wastewater source heat pumps and reduce the complexity of the system, a serially cascaded wastewater source heat pumps (SCWSHP) with large temperature difference was proposed. In this paper, an experimental system for testing the heating performance of the SCWSHP was built. The heating performance of the SCWSHP was analyzed under various operating conditions. And the operating conditions of the SCWSHP were discussed in order to realize that the amount of hot water heated by the SCWSHP is greater than the amount of greywater recovered. The results showed that when the greywater inlet temperature and out temperature are 30 °C and 6 °C, respectively, the outlet temperature of hot water can be heated to 50 °C if tc,i is 15 °C. But the maximum outlet temperature of hot water can only reach 41 °C if tc,i is 9 °C in order to guarantee the operation demand of the system. For the lower tap water inlet temperature, the shower greywater inlet temperature must be increased in order that the hot water outlet temperature can reach 45 °C. If tc,i is 6 °C, the greywater inlet temperature should be improved to 35 °C. As long as the outlet temperature of hot water meets the operation requirements, the hot water flow rate should be increased as much as possible, but the flow rate of greywater should be consistent with that of hot water. The results can provide key references for design and operation of the SCWSHP system.

With the seawater temperature rising more than 1.5°C (IPCC) from the pre-industrial time, marine organisms are facing more and more severe climate changes. As temperature is an important factor influencing the physiology of animals, species specific adaptations has been well observed. Subtidal species are one of the most seawater temperature influenced animals. In previous researches, NMR metabolic profiling has been proved to be a decent technique of animal physiological studies. In this work, the king scallop, Pecten maximus was studied to test if (1) consuming labeled phytoplankton would be a stable way of 13C labeling marine filter feeders such as scallops; (2) the metabolism of P. maximus would also change with increasing temperature, which reflects as the different filtration rates from the outside and changing metabolic pathway inside organs. The scallop P. maximus were incubated under two different temperatures, 15°C and 20°C, fed with 13C labeled diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. After three days’ filtration rate measurement, the tissue samples of digestive gland and striated adductor muscle were dissected and extracted. Both qualitatively and quantitatively metabolic profiling was done via 13C NMR analyzation. The performance of experiment animal, Pecten maximus were quite different under two temperature treatments. Higher filtration rate was observed at 20°C whereas faster digestion and incorporation of algal lipids was also found inside the digestive gland from 20°C treatment. As for the muscle tissues, incorporation of 13C labeling was observed in both temperature groups, proving this labeling technique is applicable for marine filter feeders.

In this paper, a deep mixture of diverse experts algorithm is developed for seamlessly combining a set of base deep CNNs (convolutional neural networks) with diverse outputs (task spaces), e.g., such base deep CNNs are trained to recognize different subsets of tens of thousands of atomic object classes. First, a two-layer (category layer and object class layer) ontology is constructed to achieve more effective solution for task group generation, e.g., assigning the semantically-related atomic object classes at the sibling leaf nodes into the same task group because they may share similar learning complexities. Second, one particular base deep CNNs with $M+1$ ($M \leq 1,000$) outputs is learned for each task group to recognize its $M$ atomic object classes effectively and identify one special class of "not-in-group" automatically, and the network structure (numbers of layers and units in each layer) of the well-designed AlexNet is directly used to configure such base deep CNNs. A deep multi-task learning algorithm is developed to leverage the inter-class visual similarities to learn more discriminative base deep CNNs and multi-task softmax for enhancing the separability of the atomic object classes in the same task group. Finally, all these base deep CNNs with diverse outputs (task spaces) are seamlessly combined to form a deep mixture of diverse experts for recognizing tens of thousands of atomic object classes. Our experimental results have demonstrated that our deep mixture of diverse experts algorithm can achieve very competitive results on large-scale visual recognition.

Azadirachtin, a botanical insecticide with high potential, has been widely used in pest control. Azadirachtin has shown strong biological activity against Bactrocera dorsalis in toxicological reports, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study finds that azadirachtin A inhibits the growth and development of Bactrocera dorsalis larvae. The larval weights and body sizes of the azadirachtin-treated group were significantly less than those of the control group in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, pathological sections revealed that azadirachtin destroyed the midgut cell structure and intestinal walls, while TUNEL staining showed that azadirachtin could induce apoptosis of midgut cells, and Western blot analysis indicated that Bcl-XL expression was inhibited and cytochrome c (CytC) released into the cytoplasm. The results also imply azadirachtin-induced structural alterations in the Bactrocera dorsalis larvae midgut by activation of apoptosis. RNA-seq analysis of midgut cells found that 482 and 708 unique genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in apoptotic and lysosomal signaling pathways and included 26 genes of the cathepsin family. qRT-PCR verified the expression patterns of some DEGs, indicating that Cathepsin F was upregulated by 278.47-fold and that Cathepsin L and Cathepsin D were upregulated by 28.06- and 8.97-fold, respectively. Finally, association analysis between DEGs and DEMs (differentially expressed metabolites) revealed that azadirachtin significantly reduced the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals in the midgut. In conclusion, azadirachtin induces the release of cathepsin from lysosomes, causing apoptosis in the midgut. Ultimately, this leads to reduced digestion and absorption of nutrient metabolites in the midgut and inhibition of the growth and development of Bactrocera dorsalis larvae.

In this study, we investigate the stability of a pipe network for differential pressure (DP) control of a variable flow air-conditioning chilled water system. First, the hydraulic properties of the pipe network and the thermal properties of the terminal air-conditioning equipment are presented, and the thermal stability is defined to serve as an indicator of the impact that flow regulation in the active branches has on the energy supply capacity of the passive branches. An evaluation indicator of the thermal stability is also developed for online applications. Second, dynamic changes in the hydraulic and thermal properties of the passive branches of a primary pump variable flow dual loop air-conditioning water system were experimentally studied during an active branch regulating valve action stroke cycle using an uncontrolled hydraulic pump, constant DP control and variable DP set-point control. The feasibility and energy savings of various DP control strategies were evaluated in terms of the thermal stability and energy savings for hydraulic pumps. The results show that using a variable DP set-point control strategy produced significant energy savings; however, the thermal stability must be considered when setting the step size in adjusting the DP set-point.

SMARCAD1 is a matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin that encodes SWI/SNF subfamily of helicase proteins. It has been shown that the functions of SMARCAD1 are linked to histone 3 citrullination, a specific type of histone post-translational modifications. Histone citrullination can lead to alterations in protein functions, and affect gene expressions. This peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) catalyzed post-translational modification also increases in the progression of cancer. Interestingly, human renal cancer cells exhibit low to non-detection of SMARCAD1 protein expression. It is anticipated that an association between SMARCAD1 and histone 3 citrullination function critically in renal cancer and tumor formation. Western blot was performed on mouse cells fist followed by multiple renal cancer and non-cancer human cell lines, to determine SMARCAD1 and histone 3 citrullination protein expression levels and their potential correlation. Multiple cell treatments were introduced and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system was used to create SMARCAD1 gene knocking out condition. A negative correlation was determined between SMARCAD1 and citrullination expression level, with a potential positive feedback loop in between SMARCAD1 and histone 3 citrulline enzyme PADI4 in certain cell lines. Moreover, this negative correlation between two protein levels serves as an indicator of renal cancer existence; decrement of SMARCAD1 protein level holds true in renal cancer cells, in parallel with an increment of the histone 3 citrulline protein expression.

This paper proposes a class of theoretical models based on parallel hydraulic pump characteristics and on-line control optimization methods for variable-flow hydraulic pumps in central air-conditioning systems, which includes the optimized allocation of parallel variable-frequency hydraulic pump speed ratios and the optimized number of operating units. It is suitable for use in fast load variations and for on-line control of variable-flow central air-conditioning systems that use a variable differential pressure setpoint control strategy. This study first establishes a model of parallel variable-frequency hydraulic pump characteristics and uses the extreme value analysis method to investigate the optimal combination of speed ratios of multiple parallel variable-frequency hydraulic pumps. We then explore the optimal number of operating units of parallel variable-frequency hydraulic pumps that utilize the same hydraulic operating point. Using these two methods and monitoring parameters such as the total flow rate and total head of parallel hydraulic ptumps, this study proposes an optimization control method that can perform on-line decision-making for the optimal number of operating hydraulic pumps based on automatically calculated operational zones. The proposed method was applied to a plant with a primary pump variable-flow air-conditioning system that uses a variable differential pressure setpoint control strategy. The actual application shows that this method obtained electricity savings of 15.8% and 4% compared with single-pump operation scheme and dual-pump operation scheme, respectively, for the hydraulic pumps. The method is universal and simple for on-line implementation, which is suitable for control optimization of chilled-water pumps in a variable-flow air-conditioning system.

This paper presents a novel energy-efficiency control method for a fan-coil unit, the duty ratio fuzzy control method (DRFCM), which employs the concept of duty ratio on the electric valve control to fully utilize the cooling and dehumidifying capacity of a fan-coil unit when the control valve is closed. By means of mamdani-type fuzzy rules and functioning-fuzzy-subset inference methods, the duty ratio of valve and fan speed signals are decided according to the deviation and deviation changes of the room temperature. This paper adopts a two-water-pipe FCU system with a three-fan speed control and an electric water valve on-off control as test objects to verify the application effect of DRFCM. Program controllers and software tools are employed to conduct DRFCM. The conventional control method is applied by individual FCU controllers. Experimental results show that DRFCM could obtain at least 30% energy savings (not including chilled pump power savings) over the conventional control method. A preferable room temperature control effect could be achieved as well.

By the analysis of 387 questionnaires, this paper aims to study the relationship of the differences between the appraisal results of demographic characteristic variables and various appraisal subjects according to the analysis of dissimilarities of appraisal results by self performance appraisal and manager performance appraisal subject to demographic characteristic variables. The analysis of these questionnaires reveals that the results of self performance appraisal differ from manager performance appraisal apparently in varying degrees on length of service and post level meanwhile the differences on gender, age, academic background and job-hopping times. At the end, the proposal of how to increase the reliability and validity of performance appraisal data are given according to this conclusion.

Thanks to predecessor's researches, several reserve estimation methods have been proposed over the last few decades, which are commonly accurate for conventional reservoir. However, for stress-sensitive reservoir, permeability is the function of pressure, which may lead to significant errors when using traditional methods even though the flow is boundary-dominated. In this paper, errors caused by applying several traditional reserve estimation methods based on production data including Flowing Material Balance, Normalized Rate – Cumulative Curved in stress-sensitive reservoir are quantified with numerical simulation. Then, based on the sensitive-analysis, modification procedures for these traditional methods are proposed and validated with synthetic data. Finally, the modified methods are applied to Sulige gas field, a typical stress-sensitive tight gas reservoir. It can be concluded from the error analysis that for stress-sensitive gas reservoir, Flowing Material Balance and Normalized Rat-Cumulative Curve would result in underestimation. For all the methods above, the magnitude of error is influenced by formation properties, hydraulic fracture qualities, operation conditions and the level of stress-sensitivity. Besides, the error caused by the latter method is larger than that caused by flowing material balance for the same condition. We also find that Flowing Material Balance and Normalized Rate–Cumulative Curve can be modified by introducing new pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time, which take stress-sensitivity into account. These methods are proved to be accurate by both numerical simulated data and field data. The technique contributions of this paper including: (1) the error caused by stress-sensitivity for traditional reserve estimation methods are quantified and the influencing factors are investigated; (2) modified ideals for traditional methods are proposed.

Introduces a novel type of optimal control method for fan-coil unit named DRFCM, which adopts conception of duty ratio on water valve control. DRFCM uses Mamdani type fuzzy rule and method of functioning-fuzzy-subset inference to control duty ratio of valve and fan speed level. It is shown from experimental application that DRFCM could achieve at least 30% energy saving than conventional fan-coil unit control method and could achieve better room temperature control effect.

This experiment was carried out on a bench-scale unit in order to obtain the technological data and gain the operating experiences. Proper gasifier figuration was determined and process conditions were tested in the experiment. The constructions and lives of various gasifier parts such as burner, coal slurry pump, refractory lining and high temperature measuring device were examined also.