Search

In this paper, we investigated the relationship between ethanol conversion, C4 olefin selectivity, and temperature by establishing a series of mathematical models. Specifically, the relationship between temperature and ethanol conversion and selectivity to C4 olefins is discussed by solving linear regression equations. In addition, the support vector machine regression (SVR) model was used to describe the effect of independent variables on the ethanol conversion rate and C4 olefin selectivity. Finally, we investigated the effect of temperature change on catalyst activity.

Many patients have achieved a favorable overall survival rate since allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been widely implemented to treat hematologic malignancies. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and complications of immunosuppressive drugs after allo-HSCT are the main causes of non-relapse mortality and a poor quality of life. In addition, GVHD and infusion-induced toxicity still occur with donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Because of the special immune tolerance characteristics and anti-tumor ability of universal immune cells, universal immune cell therapy may strongly reduce GVHD, while simultaneously reducing tumor burden. Nevertheless, widespread application of universal immune cell therapy is mainly restricted by poor expansion and persistence efficacy. Many strategies have been applied to improve universal immune cell proliferation and persistence efficacy, including the use of universal cell lines, signaling regulation and CAR technology. In this review we have summarized current advances in universal immune cell therapy for hematologic malignancies with a discussion of future perspectives.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex disease with a high mortality. Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that participates in pathogenesis of multiple diseases. Nevertheless, the role of SHP2 in ALI remains unknown. Methods: The in vivo and in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI models were successfully established. The histopathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The vascular permeability of lungs was assessed by Evans blue assay. The expression of ACSL4 and SHP2 was detected by western blot and qRT-PCR assay. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), iron, and glutathione (GSH) levels were mea-sured by commercial kits. Results: The SHP2 was upregulated in LPS-induced ALI mice and LPS-stimulated MLE-12 cells. In loss-of function experiment, the knockdown of SHP2 attenuated LPS-induced lung injury, microvessels damage, pulmonary edema, and increase of lung vascular permeability in vivo. Mechanically, shSHP2-rescued LPS induced increase in LDH activity, MDA, and iron levels, and decrease in GSH levels, as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in vivo and in vitro, leading to an alleviation of LPS-induced ferroptosis. Notably, shSHP2 reduced the expression of Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain 4 (ACSL4). In the rescued experiments, overexpression of ACSL4 abolished the shSHP2-induced reduction of LDH activity, MDA, and iron levels, and increase in GSH levels, thereby aggravating the LPS-induced ferroptosis. Conclusion: These findings concluded that the knockdown of SHP2 attenuated LPS-induced ferroptosis via downregulation of ACSL4 expression in ALI, providing a novel sight for ALI treatment.

Guanyang Chen,1,&ast; Zhehong Li,2,&ast; Qing Sang,1,&ast; Liang Wang,2 Qiqige Wuyun,2 Zheng Wang,2 Weijian Chen,2 Chengyuan Yu,1 Dongbo Lian,2 Nengwei Zhang2 1Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dongbo Lian; Nengwei Zhang, Email liandongbo2478@bjsjth.cn; znw@bjsjth.cnBackground: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is considered as an effective bariatric and metabolic surgery for patients with severe obesity. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is associated with obesity and obesity-related complications.Objective: This study intends to establish a nomogram based on inflammatory response-related methylation sites in intraoperative visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to predict excess weight loss (EWL)% at one-year after LSG.Methods: Based on EWL% at one-year after LSG, patients were divided into two groups: the satisfied group (group-A, EWL%≥ 50%) and the unsatisfied group (group-B, EWL%< 50%). Next, we defined genes corresponding to the methylation sites in the 850 K methylation microarray as methylation-related genes (MRGs). We then took the intersection of MRGs and inflammatory response-related genes. After that, inflammatory response-related methylation sites were identified based on overlapping genes. Moreover, difference analysis was carried out to obtain inflammatory response-related differentially methylated sites (IRRDMSs) between group-A and group-B. LASSO analysis was used to identify the hub methylation sites. Finally, we developed a nomogram based on the hub methylation sites.Results: There were 26 patients in the study, with 13 in group-A and 13 in group-B. After data filtering and difference analysis, 200 IRRDMSs were identified (143 hypermethylated sites and 57 hypomethylated sites). Then, we identified three hub methylation sites (cg03610073, cg03208951, and cg18746357) by LASSO analysis and built a predictive nomogram (Area under the curve=0.953).Conclusion: The predictive nomogram based on three inflammatory-related methylation sites (cg03610073, cg03208951, and cg18746357) in intraoperative visceral adipose tissue can predict one-year EWL% after LSG effectively.Keywords: DNA methylation, excess weight loss, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, inflammation, nomogram

Dahai Yu,1,2 Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu,3,4 Karen Pickering,5 John Baker,5,6 Richard Cutfield,5,7 Zheng Wang,1 Yamei Cai,1,&ast; Brandon J Orr-Walker,5,6 Gerhard Sundborn,8 Zhanzheng Zhao,1,&ast; David Simmons1,3,4,&ast; 1Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China; 2Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK; 3Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 4School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 5Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand; 6Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand; 7Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand; 8Section of Pacific Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: David Simmons; Zhanzheng Zhao, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +61 2 4620 3899 ; +86 139 3852 5666, Fax +61 2 4620 3890 ; +86 371 6698 8753, Email Da.Simmons@westernsydney.edu.au; zhanzhengzhao@zzu.edu.cnPurpose: The study aimed to examine the separate population-level contributions of the ethnic and socioeconomic disparities among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and residence in New Zealand (NZ).Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort enrolled T2DM patients from 01/01/1994 into the Diabetes Care Support Service, a primary care audit program in Auckland, NZ. The cohort was linked to national registry databases (socioeconomic status, pharmaceutical claim, hospitalization, and death registration). Each cohort member was followed up till death or the study end time (31/12/2019), whichever came first. Incident clinical events (stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and premature mortality (PM)) were used as outcomes. The attributable fractions (AFs) were estimated for the whole population and for specific population with NZ Europeans (NZE) and/or least deprived population as reference, both unadjusted and with adjustment for covariables by Cox Regression models.Results: Among 36,267 patients, adjusted population AFs indicated 6.6(− 30.8– 33.3)% of PM, 17.1(5.8– 27.0)% of MI, 35.3(22.6– 46.0)% of stroke, 14.3(3.2– 24.2)% of HF, and 15.9(6.7– 24.2)% of ESRD could be attributed to deprivation; while 14.3(3.3– 25.4)% of PM, − 3.3(− 8.3– 1.5)% of MI, − 0.5(− 6.7– 5.3)% of stroke, 4.7(0.3– 8.8)% of HF, 13.3(9.9– 16.6)% of ESRD could be attributed to ethnicity. Deprivation contributed a significant AF to stroke, while ethnicity was important for ESRD. Gradient of AF for deprivation indicated NZE and Asians were most affected by deprivation across outcomes. Conversely, M&amacr;ori, with the highest AFs for ethnicity of PM and ESRD, were unaffected by deprivation. At same deprivations, the AFs of MI and stroke were greatest among NZE compared with other ethnic groups; the AF of ESRD was greatest among M&amacr;ori and Pasifika.Conclusion: Both socioeconomic deprivation and ethnicity are strongly associated with outcomes in patients with T2DM in NZ, although the extent of the deprivation gradient is greatest among NZE and Asians, and least among M&amacr;ori.Keywords: stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, end-stage renal disease, premature mortality, M&amacr;ori

Purpose: To observe the crystalline lens rise (CLR) in horizontal and vertical orientations using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Methods: Non-invasive swept-source AS-OCT was used to measure the lens thickness, CLR, and angle-to-angle distance (ATA) in both the horizontal and vertical orientations. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and horizontal white-to-white corneal diameter were obtained using the Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH). Axial length was obtained using the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG). The paired t test was used to analyze the difference in CLR between the two orientations. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlations between CLR and other ocular variables. Results: This prospective observational study comprised 99 eyes (99 patients) that underwent Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (STAAR Surgical) implantation for myopic correction. The mean CLR was 64.29 ± 168.04 and 208.09 ± 173.12 µm in the horizontal and vertical orientations, respectively. The vertical CLR (VCLR) was significantly greater than the horizontal CLR (HCLR) ( P < .05). Both the HCLR and VCLR were positively correlated with lens thickness and negatively correlated with ACD (all P < .05). The difference in CLR (VCLR-HCLR) was positively correlated with the axial length and the difference in ATA between the two orientations ( P < .05). Conclusions: VCLR was greater than HCLR in most patients with myopia, especially in the longer eyes. This nonuniform distribution in CLR implied different placements of the iridocorneal angles in the horizontal and vertical orientations and should be considered for the selection of ICL size and placement position. [ J Refract Surg . 2023;39(5):354–359.]

In order to improve the level of forage harvester automation and reduce damage, blockage and efficiency, based on the principle of minimum energy, fuzzy prediction theory and external characteristics of power, the mathematical model of the whole machine and each operating unit is established, and a set of forage harvester operating load adaptive feedback control system is designed; in order to make the power more scientifically and effectively distributed in real-time, the system adopts the simplified algorithm of operating unit efficacy threshold load splitting optimization control, with constant power and high efficiency. In order to make the power distribution more scientific and effective in real-time, the system adopts the simplified algorithm of operating unit efficacy threshold load splitting control to increase the load threshold of cutting and other operating units under constant power conditions, so that the operating efficiency of the whole machine can be improved. In the simulation test, the efficacy chopping load threshold ratio is about 1.08:1.01:1 for the three operation control methods of optimized control, fuzzy predictive control and PID control of the forage harvester, with 40% of the original feeding amount perturbation applied respectively. production efficiency was significantly improved.

This paper argues that the Russia-Ukraine conflict significantly impacts the energy crisis in Europe. The conflict economy will destabilize the trade between Russia and the EU countries that mainly support Ukraine. This new international conflict opens up a new space for analyzing the impact of global conflicts on the economy and trade. In this article, the economic issues raised by the conflict will be from the energy market, trade position, financial market, and GDP, and how the two sides should adjust their domestic economic policies to cope with the crisis. The article shows that ruthless unilateral economic decisions can have a negative impact on the domestic economies of both sides. International conflict is also a significant reforming influence on the global economy.

Cheng Zhou,1,&ast; Zhang-Fu Yang,1,&ast; Bao-Ye Sun,1,&ast; Yong Yi,1 Zheng Wang,1 Jian Zhou,1 Jia Fan,1 Wei Gan,1 Ning Ren,1,2 Shuang-Jian Qiu1 1Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System & Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shuang-Jian Qiu, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13916625289, Email qiu.shuangjian@zs-hospital.sh.cnPurpose: Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a cell death modality that plays a vital role in anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated whether lenvatinib induces ICD in hepatocellular carcinoma and how it affects cancer cell behavior.Patients and Methods: Hepatoma cells were treated with 0.5 μM lenvatinib for two weeks, and damage-associated molecular patterns were assessed using the expression of calreticulin, high mobility group box 1, and ATP secretion. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to investigate the effects of lenvatinib on hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, CU CPT 4A and TAK-242 were used to inhibit TLR3 and TLR4 expressions, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to assess PD-L1 expression. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression models were applied for prognosis assessment.Results: After treatment with lenvatinib, there was a significant increase in ICD-associated damage-associated molecular patterns, such as calreticulin on the cell membrane, extracellular ATP, and high mobility group box 1, in hepatoma cells. Following treatment with lenvatinib, there was a significant increase in the downstream immunogenic cell death receptors, including TLR3 and TLR4. Furthermore, lenvatinib increased the expression of PD-L1, which was later inhibited by TLR4. Interestingly, inhibiting TLR3 in MHCC-97H and Huh7 cells strengthened their proliferative capacity. Moreover, TLR3 inhibition was identified as an independent risk factor for overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Conclusion: Our study revealed that lenvatinib induced ICD in hepatocellular carcinoma and upregulated PD-L1 expression through TLR4 while promoting cell apoptosis through TLR3. Antibodies against PD-1/PD-L1 can enhance the efficacy of lenvatinib in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, immunogenic cell death, lenvatinib, toll-like receptor

Guangzhong Xu,1,&ast; Zheng Wang,1,&ast; Chengyuan Yu,1,&ast; Buhe Amin,1 Dexiao Du,1 Tianxiong Li,1 Guanyang Chen,2 Liang Wang,2 Zhehong Li,1 Weijian Chen,1 Chenxu Tian,1 Qiqige Wuyun,1 Qing Sang,2 Mingyue Shang,1 Dongbo Lian,1 Nengwei Zhang1 1Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Nengwei Zhang; Dongbo Lian, Tel +8613801068802 ; +8613681299755, Email zhangnw1@sohu.com; lian.dongbo@126.comBackground: Many studies have reported that bariatric surgery may reduce postoperative cardiovascular risk in patient with obesity, but few have addressed this risk in the Chinese population.Objective: To assess the impact of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the Chinese population using the World Health Organization (WHO) risk model, the Global risk model, and the Framingham Risk Score.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data collected on patient with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery at our institution between March 2009 and January 2021. Their demographic characteristics, anthropometric variables, and glucolipid metabolic parameters were assessed preoperatively and at their 1-year postoperative follow-up. Subgroup analysis compared body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, as well as gender. We used the 3 models to calculate their CVD risk.Results: We evaluated 61 patients, of whom 26 (42.62%) had undergone sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery and 35 (57.38%) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Of the patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, 66.67% underwent SG, while 72.97% with BMI < 35 kg/m2 underwent RYGB. HDL levels were significantly higher at 12 months postoperatively relative to baseline. When the models were applied to calculate CVD risk in Chinese patients with obesity, the 1-year CVD risk after surgery were reduced lot compared with the preoperative period.Conclusion: Patient with obesity had significantly lower CVD risks after bariatric surgery. This study also demonstrates that the models are reliable clinical tools for assessing the impact of bariatric surgery on CVD risk in the Chinese population.Keywords: obesity, bariatric surgery, CVD, World Health Organization risk model, global risk model, Framingham Risk Score