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The carrier-free self-assembly of small molecules opens a new window for the development of nanomaterials. This study is dedicated to developing binary small-molecular self-assemblies derived from phytochemicals in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Among them

Antibacterial hydrogels have gradually become a powerful weapon to treat bacterially infected wounds and accelerate healing. In this paper, we designed a small-molecule self-healing antibacterial hydrogel containing 100% drug-loaded benzyl 3β-amino-11-oxo-olean-12-en-30-oate (GN-Bn), which was governed by π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Due to the carrier-free design concept, the problems of interbatch variability during sample preparation and carrier-related toxicity can be effectively avoided. Moreover, the GN-Bn hydrogel exhibited promising antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant

Improving the clinical efficacy of the existing drugs by self-assembled strategy is the focus of current research. Herbal formula granule is a kind of modern dosage form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which has sprung up in recent decades. However, whether it is equivalent to the TCM decoction that has been used for thousands of years has always been a controversial issue. In this paper, taking the herb pair of Coptidis Rhizoma - Scutellariae Radix and its main component berberine - baicalin as examples, the differences and mechanisms of self-assemblies originated from the co-decoction and physical mixture were studied, respectively. Moreover, combining multi technologies, the relationship between the morphology and antibacterial effects of self-assemblies was illuminated. Our study revealed that the physical mixture’s morphology of both the herb pair and the phytochemicals was nanofibers (NFs), while their co-decoction’s morphology was nanospheres (NPs). And driven by thermal energy, the antibacterial activity also enhanced with the change of self-assemblies’ morphology. This might be attributed to that NPs could influence amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism in bacteria. Current study provides a basis that co-decoction maybe beneficial to enhance activity and reasonable use of herbal formula granule in clinic.

Through the self-assembled strategy to improve the clinical efficacy of the existing drugs is the focus of current research. Herbal formula granule is a kind of modern dosage form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which has sprung up in recent decades. However, whether it is equivalent to the TCM decoction that has been used for thousands of years has always been a controversial issue. In this paper, taking the herb pair of Coptidis Rhizoma—Scutellariae Radix and its main component berberine—baicalin as examples, the differences and mechanisms of self-assemblies originated from the co-decoction and physical mixture were studied, respectively. Moreover, the relationship between the morphology and antibacterial effects of self-assemblies was illuminated via multi-technology. Our study revealed that the physical mixture’s morphology of both the herb pair and the phytochemicals was nanofibers (NFs), while their co-decoction’s morphology was nanospheres (NPs). We also found that the antibacterial activity was enhanced with the change of self-assemblies’ morphology after the driving by thermal energy. This might be attributed to that NPs could influence amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism in bacteria. Current study provides a basis that co-decoction maybe beneficial to enhance activity and reasonable use of herbal formula granule in clinic.

A Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity with a low thermal noise limit 7.8×10-17 is investigated. The spacer aperture is composed of three holes, where a long and small hole in the middle, a shorter and larger hole on each side. The FS mirrors are placed in the larger holes of the spacer aperture, the FS rings are mounted on the end face of the spacer, and FS mirrors, aperture and FS rings are coaxial. It enables the cavity zero-crossing temperature easily tuning to above room temperature. In the meantime, with this design the machining error has little effect on the zero-crossing temperature of the cavity. In addition, it is convenient for manufacturing of long F-P cavity.

Background Oral administration of insulin (INS) could be absorbed into systemic circulation only if the carrier protected it from the hostile gastrointestinal conditions. However, traditional macromolecular carriers have not totally overcome challenges in addressing these biological barriers. Result In this study, inspired by small molecule natural products (SMNPs), we demonstrate the multi-functional self-assembly nanoparticles (BA-Al NPs) originating from baicalin (BA) and AlCl3 through coordination bonds and hydrogen bonds. As a novel carrier for oral insulin delivery (INS@BA-Al NPs), it displayed effective capacity in pH stimuli-responsive insulin release, intestinal mucoadhesion and transepithelial absorption enhance. Meanwhile, BA improved the paracellular permeability for insulin absorption, because of its downregulation at both mRNA and protein level on internal tight junction proteins. In vivo experiments exhibited remarkable bioavailability of INS and an ideal glucose homeostasis in the type I diabetic rat model. Conclusion This study offers a novel frontier of multi-functional carriers based on SMNPs with self-assembly character and bioactivity, which could be a promising strategy for diabetes therapy. Graphical Abstract

MPOG (microbial prospecting of oil and gas) technology has its unique advantages, and the microbial anomaly index system lays the basis for comprehensive evaluation of MPOG data and prospect prediction of target areas. In view of the problem that the current exploration technology is limited in the areas where seismic exploration is difficult to reach or difficult to implement, this article uses modern biotechnology to discuss the technical mechanism of microbial exploration technology and the indicators of abnormal technology system in detail, on the basis of known oil and gas properties of completed wells. In order to establish a reference system suitable for the actual geological characteristics of oilfields, and to further improve the index system for identifying oil and gas microbial abnormalities in oil and gas areas, specific microbial abnormal indicators are isolated, cultivated, and detected. Combining the geological characteristics of the work area, drilling and oil testing data, and classification evaluation of oil and gas-bearing areas, as well as oil and gas prospects, is performed. MPOG technology has a certain applicability in the evaluation of oil and gas properties. The research in this article can provide a favorable reference for the selection of favorable oil and gas zones and well location deployment.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (RC) and Coptis chinensis Franch (RG) are traditional Chinese medicines, which are classic drug pair in prescriptions to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Multi-herb therapy is one of the most important features of traditional Chinese medicine, but due to the complex components of herbal decoctions, the substances that actually exert their medicinal effects have not been fully elucidated. The discovery of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Coptis chinensis Franch supramolecular parts (RC-RG SA) can provide a new perspective for explaining the mechanism of drug-pair compatibility.The purpose of this study was to explore the active composition and identification of chemical constituents of RC-RG SA, and to explore the inhibitory effects of supramolecular parts on S. aureus and biofilm.The micromorphology of RC-RG SA was characterized by SEM and DLS. Intermolecular forces between Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Coptis chinensis Franch determined by ITC. The chemical constituents of RC-RG SA were systematically analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MSThe microstructure of RC-RG SA was spherical with a particle size of 161.6 nm. ITC proved that the reaction between decoction of RC and RG was exothermic. A total of 70 compounds were preliminarily identified in RC-RG SA, including 34 flavonoids, 34 alkaloids and 2 triterpenoids. The inhibitory effect of RC-RG supramolecular parts on S. aureus proliferation and the ability to clear S. aureus biofilm were better than RC-RG co-decoction and RC-RG non-supramolecular parts.The Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Coptis chinensis Franch co-decoctions' supramolecular components were an important substance that exerts its medicinal effect. Current study provided supramolecular strategies to reveal the active ingredients and the medicinal effect of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction.

The effect of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (ZBM) on anti-obesity, lipid-lowering and liver protection has been identified, but the effect on the development of NAFLD induced by high-fat diet remains unclear.To evaluate the alleviation effect of ZBM on NAFLD in vivo and explore the mechanisms by analyzing the liver transcriptome, microbiota and fecal metabolites.NAFLD model was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding with high-fat diet (HFD). The potential mechanism of ZBM in improving NAFLD was studied by liver transcriptome analysis, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, 16s rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabonomics.ZBM has alleviation effects on HFD-induced NAFLD. The liver transcriptome, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence analysis showed that ZBM could efficiently regulate fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism. The 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS based metabonomic demonstrated that ZBM could rebalance gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulate metabolic profiles in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between gut microbiota and biochemical, pathological indexes and differential metabolic biomarkers.ZBM ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD by regulating fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, gut microbiota and metabolic profile.

Researchers often focus on the mechanisms of synergistic agents, a few explore drug combinations that enhance toxicity, while few have studied the internal mechanism of compatibility enhancement in chemical level. Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) and a self-assembled supramolecular strategy, which reveals the toxicity-enhancing essence of glycyrrhizic acid originated in licorice when combined with Genkwa Flos. Through this method, we discovered the toxicity was enhanced through the formation of a supramolecular complex from Genkwa Flos/glycyrrhizic acid. The morphology and size distribution of the self-assembled nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering Furthermore, a total of 58 constituents (eight diterpenoids, 35 flavonoids, five phenylpropanoids, four nucleosides, two amino acids, and four other compounds) consisted from the supramolecular complex were identified through accurate-mass measurements in full-scan MS/data-dependent MS/MS mode. Based on the hydrophobic interaction of glycyrrhizic acid with yuanhuacine (one of main ingredients from Genkwa Flos), the supramolecular self-assembly mechanism was revealed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and NOESY 2D NMR. The toxicity of Genkwa Flos and Genkwa Flos/glycyrrhizic acid supramolecular complex were compared through in vitro studies on L-02 cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining was performed to further confirm the enhancement inhibition of Genkwa Flos/glycyrrhizic acid supramolecular complex than Genkwa Flos. This study provides fundamental scientific evidence of the formation of a self-assembled phytochemical supramolecular when Genkwa Flos and glycyrrhizic acid are combined, enabling to understand their clinical incompatibility and contraindication.

Researchers often focus on the mechanisms of synergistic agents, a few explore drug combinations that enhance toxicity, while few have studied the internal mechanism of compatibility enhancement in chemical level. Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) and a self-assembled supramolecular strategy, which reveals the toxicity-enhancing essence of glycyrrhizic acid originated in licorice when combined with Genkwa Flos. Through this method, we discovered the toxicity was enhanced through the formation of a supramolecular complex from Genkwa Flos/glycyrrhizic acid. The morphology and size distribution of the self-assembled nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering Furthermore, a total of 58 constituents (eight diterpenoids, 35 flavonoids, five phenylpropanoids, four nucleosides, two amino acids, and four other compounds) consisted from the supramolecular complex were identified through accurate-mass measurements in full-scan MS/data-dependent MS/MS mode. Based on the hydrophobic interaction of glycyrrhizic acid with yuanhuacine (one of main ingredients from Genkwa Flos), the supramolecular self-assembly mechanism was revealed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and NOESY 2D NMR. The toxicity of Genkwa Flos and Genkwa Flos/glycyrrhizic acid supramolecular complex were compared through in vitro studies on L-02 cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining was performed to further confirm the enhancement inhibition of Genkwa Flos/glycyrrhizic acid supramolecular complex than Genkwa Flos. This study provides fundamental scientific evidence of the formation of a self-assembled phytochemical supramolecular when Genkwa Flos and glycyrrhizic acid are combined, enabling to understand their clinical incompatibility and contraindication.

In the design process of the blast-fragmentation warhead with preformed fragments, there are two key factors: the modeling and arrangement of the preformed fragments. These factors determine the accuracy of lethality assessment on the blast-fragmentation warhead with preformed fragments. Presently, there are some problems in the design process of the warhead, such as repeated modeling and low efficiency. This paper studies the modeling of blast fragmentation with preformed fragments. Based on the analysis of warhead structure and the technology of digital modeling, the idea of warhead modeling based on basic primitives and the arrangement method of preformed fragment modeling are proposed. In addition, by means of Visual C#, Direct X, and Direct3D, a digital modeling system based on the blast-fragmentation warhead with preformed fragments is developed, and then a warhead is taken as an example to realize the digital modeling. The case analysis shows that the digital modeling technology based on the blast-fragmentation warhead with preformed fragments completed the rapid and accurate modeling of the preformed fragment warhead, which lays the foundation for the accuracy of lethality assessment.

The noninvasive and nondestructive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) are developed in this work to evaluate the microstructure-related properties of UHMWPE/Recycled-PA6 blends. FTIR imaging which is of in-situ and visualizing capabilities is shown to be extremely valuable in determining the phase structure of a multiphase system. It is found that small quantities of the HDPE-g-MAH compatibilizer could significantly improve the miscibility of the two immiscible polymers. It is further proved that in the UHMWPE/R-PA6 blends the R-PA6 phase distributes continuously, while the UHMWPE phase disperses in a discontinuous manner. Moreover, the blends with 44 wt% R-PA6 is found to exhibit an optimal miscibility behavior. This work demonstrates that FTIR imaging is a direct method in visualizing the miscibility of polymer blends. The combined FTIR imaging and DMA testing offers a new approach for qualitative and quantitative investigations on polymer blends with complex microstructures.

An innovative combined cooling and power generation system is designed employing the flash-binary geothermal system. In the proposed plant, an internal combination of dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle and ejector refrigeration cycle is employed as the binary subsystem in the flash-binary plant. Another positive aspect of the proposed system is the profiting of zeotropic mixtures advantages in the binary unit. The feasibility of the proposed system is analyzed from the energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic viewpoints. Then, the robust Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II optimizer and linear programming technique for multi-dimensional analysis of preference decision-making technique are employed to optimize the proposed plant’s performance. The optimized values in the power-cost scenario are obtained for the mass fraction of 0.474 with the values of 1.745 MW , 232.92 kW , 18.23 % , 54.84 % , and 12.13 $ . GJ − 1 for the total output power, total cooling capacity, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and sum unit cost of products, respectively. Finally, a parametric analysis is performed to show the effect of the main influential parameters on the system’s performance. It is revealed that the increment of separator’s pressure results in lower output power, lower exergetic efficiency, higher cooling load, and higher thermal efficiency.

With the emergence and development of computer technology, it has been used in many fields of production and life. Especially in the production of chemical industry, the role of computer-aided software can not be underestimated. As a research hotspot in the field of fine chemical industry in recent years, adhesive wear-resistant coating can not only make the coating stronger, but also fundamentally save resources. Therefore, it is necessary to develop its materials and analyze the wear mechanism. In this study, the basic information of adhesive wear-resistant coating, the method of developing adhesive wear-resistant coating based on computer, and the wear mechanism and influencing factors of adhesive wear-resistant coating are discussed, which provides a methodology for solving this problem.

Internal combustion engines are of the important systems with extensive applications in power generation and agricultural/industrial machines and vehicles due to their promising features such as high thermal efficiency, and reliability. The reuse of the exhaust gas and jacket water waste heat is an effective method to improve engine performance and decrease fuel consumption and environmental pollution. In this paper, to recover the waste heat of a diesel engine, cogeneration of electrical power and freshwater is proposed. The Kalina cycle is used for power generation through the utilization of exhaust gas energy, and for freshwater production, the HDH system is employed using jacket water energy. Thermodynamic and exergoeconomic analysis and optimization are applied to the proposed system. The effect of several parameters on net output power, exergy efficiency, HDH unit performance, and the sum unit cost of the system's product is studied. The comparison of the Multi-objective optimization results with the base case outcomes betokens that the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency are improved by 1.88% and 1.52%, respectively. Moreover, the SUCP value is reduced by 0.94 $/GJ. For the electricity sale price of 0.09 $/kWh, the payback period is estimated 7.2 years, and the NPV at the end of the plant's life obtained 165,814 $.

In order to improve the friction and wear performance of steel under severe service conditions such as high temperature, epoxy resin E-51 resin is used as the base material, graphite, MoS2 and other high temperature wear-resistant materials are used as pigments to prepare a kind of oil-coated high temperature resistant paint. The entropy weight method is used to comprehensively evaluate high temperature wear, thermal weight loss rate, and corrosion current density. The results show that the coating optimized by the entropy weight method has excellent performance. Among them, the high temperature wear rate of the paint film is 0.83%, the thermal weight loss rate at 200 °C is 4.56%, the thermal weight loss rate at 400 °C is 27.84%, and the corrosion current density is 9.31E-9. The alkali resistance of the paint film is far greater than the national standard.

In order to improve the robustness of the watermark, a strong robust zero watermarking algorithm based on NSCT transform and image normalization is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the cover image is mapped to the geometric invariant space by using the image normalization technique based on invariant moment. Then, the effective part of the normalized image is extracted by using the square of the unit circle and carried on NSCT transform. The low frequency coefficient sub band is decomposed by block singular value, and zero watermarking is generated according to the odd of the highest digit of the maximum singular value of each block. Experimental results show that the algorithm can not only effectively resist noise, filtering, JPEG compression, rotation, scaling, long and wide transformation and other attacks, but also has good imperceptibility and robustness.

Anti-slide pile is a reliable form of permanent support in the project of landslide control. In the single sliding surface slope support project, the anti-slide piles are always set in the middle and lower part of the slip zone. When it comes to the multiple slip surfaces, the soil may produce diversify failure modes along different slip surfaces. Therefore, it’s necessary to choose the optimal location of the anti-slide pile in multi-sliding surfaces slope engineering. In this paper, a slope project in Jurong City is produced as an example, Strength Reduction Finite Element Method is adopted to analyze the stability of the local and overall slope. By changing the location of anti-slide piles in the slope, single and double-piles were set. The overall stability of the slope is analyzed, and the support program is proposed. The results indicate that the multi-slip zone slope often appears the failure mode of sliding through, and the anti-slide pile should be arranged in the middle and lower part of each sliding strip, and the main sliding strip should be divided.

In order to solve the problem of severe velocity ambiguity for pulse Doppler radar high-speed space orbital targets measurement, a new velocity ambiguity resolution method based on the short arc orbit determination technique is presented in this paper. By means of a modified orbit determination model, this method can adopt the original radar measurements with the range-Doppler coupling term directly. It uses the numerical integration method to solve the differential equation of the state transition matrix and corrects the range-Doppler coupling term simultaneously, and then the optimal reference orbit is obtained by using the iterative least squares method. Finally, the velocity ambiguity is determined with the accurate reference velocity which can be calculated from the above reference orbit. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can estimate the reference velocity accurately and satisfies the performance requirement of velocity ambiguity resolution.

According to the needs of the weapon innovative talents development that is from" Excellent Engineering Training Program". We explore a set of "deepen the connotation, strengthening characteristic, practice driving" professional practice ability training mode for War Industry Specialty innovative talents, and construct the multi-level theory and the system of practice teaching, it sets up new teaching way.

The Microbial Prospecting of Oil and Gas (MPOG) is applied to the matured development area in the Satellite Oilfield in Daqing for the first time. And with the MPOG, the hydrocarbon accumulation regulation controlled by faults is interpreted, and the matured development area is extended out to western part. At the same time, four microbial anomalies are discovered. The MPOG results were verified by the hydrocarbon-bearing conditions of the 10 drilled wells within the following half a year, and the consistent rate is up to 80%, which add about 300×104 t of the explored petroleum-in-place. Through study and successful application of MPOG to the Satellite Oilfield, the basis of the application from the exploration to development field is substantially established, and standard system of microbial anomaly is more precisely built for the Satellite Oilfield, which provided an effective explanatory item for the studied and adjacent region, even for the whole Songliao Basin, and also a new technique for complicated reservoirs, especially for the later stage development of litho-reservoirs in China. Therefore, it must have profound influence upon the oil and gas exploration, especially upon the remaining oil, extension and reserves addition of the developed area in China.

The rapid atrial pacing model is one of the most popular atrial fibrillation animal models. In this paper, a novel implementation of wireless implantable stimulating and ECG monitoring system is described based on the requirements of rapid atrial pacing model. Hardware circuits and software structure of the system are introduced. And test outcomes through in-vitro simulation and in-vivo animal models are presented. After verified by animal tests, the system can be used to initiate and monitor chronic atrial fibriation in real time.

The prestressed composite space truss (PCST) is a new kind of space structure composed of steel cables, steel tubes and reinforced concrete ribbed slabs. The prestressed steel cables are arranged in one direction or two directions within the plane of the bottom chord of the composite space truss. There are two main forms of PCST in practice; one is prestressed square on square offset composite space truss (PSSCST), the other is prestressed diagonal on square composite space truss (PDSCST). In this paper, the static behaviour of PDSCST is analyzed in detail using the linear finite element method. The first 10 natural frequencies of a PDSCST are calculated using the subspace iteration method and are found to be really close together, and all of the corresponding mode shapes are vertical vibrations. A simplified formula for calculating the first period is obtained by a linear regression method. The initial tension values in the cables to be applied during construction are calculated by the Release Tension Method which can also take into account the influence of different tensioning sequences. Finally, both the static behaviour of a PDSCST and the influence of different tensioning sequences are studied on a physical model test.

The structure of five axis machine tool is complex and expensive, especially in the processing of complex and sophisticated parts. It is prone to produce the phenomenon of overcutting or undercutting between the machine parts and the knives or the machine tool , which will cause serious damage or even grievous scrap on the machine tool . With the help of VERICUT 7.0 Simulation of NC machine tool, you can modify and optimize the NC program code, shortening the real processing time required and improving the economic benefit of the company remarkably.

In ceramic-metal joints, how to select the interlayer materials is a very important problem. Two main conditions should be satisfied for an optimal insert metal: high diffusivity and reactivity to ceramic to get enough strength of interface, and the reduction of residual stresses resulting from the thermal expansion dismatch. In this paper, thermal elastic-plastic FEM is used to analyze the residual stress in Si3N4-1Cr18Ni9Ti diffusion bonding. The research shows the effects of the joints' type, property and thickness of insert metals on the reduction of residual stresses. It can be concluded that the maximum tensile stress in ceramic usually occurs just on the cylindrical surface near the interface, which is the fatal damage to ceramics. Two kinds of interlayers, the soft metal and low expansion metal with certain thickness, can be employed to reduce the maximum stress. Calculation shows the composite interlayer by both above metals is the proper insert material, the maximum tensile stress in ceramics can be reduced to minimum, and the bending test demonstrates that the strength of Si3N4-lCrl8Ni9Ti joint with the optimal composite interlayer is over 260 MPa.

To meet the demand of medium and small-sized enterprises for help in equipment fault diagnosis, a remote fault diagnosis system was designed. The system consists of user interface, server in remote diagnostic center, and experts client. C/S mode was used between expert and server, B/S mode was used between user and server. The flow chart of equipment remote fault diagnosis help system was framed. Function of signal analysis and fault feature extraction was implemented with virtual instrument technology based on LabVIEW. Function of remote data transmission was implemented by http and ftp. Real-time communication was implemented using commercial communication tools. Oracle database was selected as tools of database management. PHP was selected as implementation language of dynamic interaction. Function of security authentication was implemented by password and token. The system has mature technology base, with rich functions, easy to operate, and with friendly and comprehensive interactive system. It provides a new way of remote fault diagnosis.