Search

Audio and Visual Stimuli, Software Templates

BACKGROUND: This is the first longitudinal study to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes during the progression from normal control (NC) through mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: We aim to determine if perfusion MRI biomarkers, derived from our prior cross-sectional study, can predict the onset and cognitive decline of AD. METHODS: Perfusion MRIs using arterial spin labeling (ASL) were acquired in 15 stable-NC, 14 NC-to-MCI, 16 stable-MCI, and 18 MCI/AD-to-AD participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) cognition study. Group comparisons, predictions of AD conversion and time to conversion, and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) from rCBF were performed. RESULTS: Compared to the stable-NC group: 1) the stable-MCI group exhibited rCBF decreases in the right temporoparietal (p=0.00010) and right inferior frontal and insula (p =0.0094) regions; and 2) the MCI/AD-to-AD group exhibited rCBF decreases in the bilateral temporoparietal regions (p=0.00062 and 0.0035). Compared to the NC-to-MCI group, the stable-MCI group exhibited a rCBF decrease in the right hippocampus region (p=0.0053). The baseline rCBF values in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (p=0.0043), bilateral superior medial frontal regions (BSMF) (p=0.012), and left inferior frontal (p= 0.010) regions predicted the 3MSE scores for all the participants at follow-up. The baseline rCBF in the PCC and BSMF regions predicted the conversion and time to conversion from MCI to AD (p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Screening knock-down efficacy of transfected plasmids expression miR-HER2. Figure S2. The endogenous expression of HER2 in different tumor cell lines. Figure S3. Downregulation of HER2 expression with miR-HER2-E1 in SK-OV-3 xenograft model.