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Additinal file 2: Supplementary Figure 1. Prediction of immunotherapy response differences between DLAT-high and DLAT-low groups in (A) IMvigor210, (B) CheckMate, (C) GSE78220, and (D) GSE91061 cohorts (R represents responsive, while noR represents no responsive). (E) Correlation analysis between DLAT and PD-L1, CTLA-4, as well as PD-1. Supplementary Figure 2. The mRNA expression of DLAT in pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC-3 and PANC-1) and normal cell line (HPDE6-C7) (***p < 0.001).

We consider the spherical mixed $p$-spin models and investigate the structure of the Parisi measure at zero temperature. We prove that for the spherical spin models with $n$ components, the Parisi measure at zero temperature is at most $n$-RSB or $n$-FRSB. We also provide a necessary and sufficient computational criterion for the spherical mixed $p$-spin model to be $k$-RSB or $k$-FRSB, $k \leq n.$, Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures

The presence of undesirable microorganisms in silage always leads to poor fermentation quality and low aerobic stability. Pyroligneous acid (PA), a by-product of biochar production, is known to have strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. To investigate the effects of PA on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbial communities, Napier grass was ensiled with or without 1 and 2% PA for 30 days and then aerobically stored for 5 days. The results showed that PA application decreased (P < 0.01) the pH value, ammonia nitrogen content, and number of undesirable microorganisms (coliform bacteria, yeasts, and molds) after 30 days of ensiling and 5 days of exposure to air. The temperature of the PA-treated group was stable during the 5-day aerobic test, which did not exceed room temperature more than 2°C. The addition of PA also enhanced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced that of Klebsiella and Kosakonia. The relative abundance of Candida was higher in PA-treated silage than in untreated silage. The addition of PA decreased the relative abundance of Kodamaea and increased that of Monascus after 5 days of exposure to air. The abundances of Cladosporium and Neurospora were relatively high in 2% PA-treated NG, while these genera were note observed in the control group. These results suggested that the addition of PA could improve fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability, and alter microbial communities of silage.

We determine the structure of the Parisi measure at zero temperature for the spherical p+s spin glass model. We show that depending on the values of p and s, four scenarios may emerge, including the existence of 1-FRSB and 2-FRSB phases as predicted by Crisanti and Leuzzi [10, 11]. We also provide consequences for the model at low temperature., 39 pages, 3 figures

N,N-dihydroxyethyl-(5-methyl-[1,3,4] thiadiazol-2-sulfur)-carbonyl acetamide was synthesized and used as an inhibitor to protect Q235 carbon steel in a 1 M HCl solution. The results showed an increased inhibition efficiency with the increase in the concentration of this inhibitor, and an inhibition efficiency higher than 96% at 40 mg/L can be obtained from weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization results. The inhibition effect was determined by the adsorption film according to the surface morphology and elemental distribution of the carbon steel surface. The adsorption consists of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption in view of the free adsorption energy of −40.64 kJ/mol derived from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm line. The lone pair electrons of N, O and S and π electronics of double bonds in molecules form stable covalent coordination bonds with the empty d orbitals of iron atoms, which is beneficial to chemical adsorption of the inhibitor. The high inhibiton efficiency of this inhibitor is important for the potential application in pickling field.

Objective: Poor adherence to medication in individuals with schizophrenia has a series of adverse consequences. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of Team Skills Training Model (TSTM) on medication adherence in individuals with schizophrenia. Methods: Sixty individuals with schizophrenia from Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province were divided into a Research Group and a Control Group. The Research Group completed a TSTM intervention and the Control Group completed a Psychological Education program. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and Rating of Medication Influences (ROMI) were used to evaluate medication adherence, and the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) was used to measure severity of disease. T-tests statistical method was used to compare the score of scales before and after the intervention, and Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze correlations between the MARS, ROMI and BPRS scores. Results: After 5-week intervention, both the Research Group and Control Group exhibited significant improvements in MARS(2.5 ± 1.10, 4.1 ± 1.78, t=6.649, P=0.000; 2.4 ± 0.93, 3.7 ± 1.42, t=6.547, P=0.000, respectively) and BPRS(47.2 ± 3.68, 40.4 ± 4.25,t=-15.827, P=0.000; 45.7 ± 2.73, 42.3 ± 3.96, t=-6.774, P=0.000, respectively). Research Group had significant improvements in ROMI scores in terms of perceived benefit from medication (1.03 ± 0.19, 1.45 ± 0.51, t=4.446, P=0.000), positive influence of a clinician (1.02 ± 0.17, 1.93 ± 0.46, t=9.878, P=0.000), positive relationship with a therapist (1.04 ± 0.18, 1.62 ± 0.49, t=6.298, P=0.000), positive family belief (1.03 ± 0.19, 1.48 ± 0.51, t=4.770, P=0.000), and fear of rehospitalization (1.37 ± 0.49, 1.83 ± 0.60, t=4.780, P=0.000). We found no correlations between changes in MARS, ROMI and BPRS scores. Conclusions: The TSTM may improve medication adherence in individuals with schizophrenia through increased adherence-related attitudes and integration of interpersonal communication.

This paper studies properties of the mixed spherical vector p-spin model. At zero temperature, we establish and investigate a Parisi type formula for the ground state energy. At finite temperature, we provide some properties of minimizers of the Crisanti-Sommers formula recently obtained by Justin Ko. In particular, we extend some of the one-dimensional Parisi measure results of Auffinger-Chen to the vector case., 31 pages

Wogonin, a flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been demonstrated to be highly effective in treating hematologic malignancies. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of wogonin on K562 cells, K562 imatinib-resistant cells, and primary patient-derived CML cells. Wogonin up-regulated transcription factor GATA-1 and enhanced binding between GATA-1 and FOG-1, thereby increasing expression of erythroid-differentiation genes. Wogonin also up-regulated the expression of p21 and induced cell cycle arrest. Studies employing benzidine staining and analyses of cell surface markers glycophorin A (GPA) and CD71 indicated that wogonin promoted differentiation of K562, imatinib-resistant K562, and primary patient-derived CML cells. Wogonin also enhanced binding between GATA-1 and MEK, resulting in inhibition of the growth of CML cells. Additionally, in vivo studies showed that wogonin decreased the number of CML cells and prolonged survival of NOD/SCID mice injected with K562 and imatinib-resistant K562 cells. These data suggested that wogonin induces cycle arrest and erythroid differentiation in vitro and inhibits proliferation in vivo.

The arc instability and re-ignition refers to the arc cannot maintain a stable state or the arc extinguished but re-burn quickly. When a normally open relay releases, its movable contact, static contact, as well as their reeds are free, especially the movable contact of which energy cannot be dissipated immediately. In this case, the contacts will experience a short period with sharply swing that will cause the contact gap change periodically and the arc burns unsteadily. By conducting plenty of experiments, the failure mode and the failure principle are proven to be arc reigniting with contact welding. We introduce a method of an active baffle that the backwards extend of the spring can be limited effectively. Finally, we confirm arc erosion alleviation with Scanning Electron Microscope.

Quantifying the human effects on water resources plays an important role in river basin management. In this study, we proposed a framework, which integrates the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite estimation with macroscale hydrological model simulation, for detection and attribution of spatial terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes. In particular, it provides valuable insights for regions where ground-based measurements are inaccessible. Moreover, this framework takes into account the feedback between land and atmosphere and innovatively put forward several suggestions (e.g., study period selection, hydrological model selection based on soil moisture-climate interactions) to minimize the uncertainties brought by the interaction of human water use with terrestrial water fluxes. We demonstrate the use of the proposed framework in the Yangtze River basin of China. Our results show that, during the period 2003–2010, the TWS was continually increasing in the middle and south eastern reaches of the basin, at a mean rate of about 3 cm yr21. This increment in TWS was attributed to anthropogenic modification of the hydrological cycle, rather than natural climate variability. The dominant contributor to the TWS excess was found to be intensive surface water irrigation, which recharged the water table in the middle and south eastern parts of the basin. Water impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is found to account for nearly 20% of the human-induced TWS increment in the region where the TGR is located. The proposed framework gives water managers/researchers a useful tool to investigate the spatial human effects on TWS changes. Quantifying the human effects on water resources plays an important role in river basin management. In this study, we proposed a framework, which integrates the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite estimation with macroscale hydrological model simulation, for detection and attribution of spatial terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes. In particular, it provides valuable insights for regions where ground-based measurements are inaccessible. Moreover, this framework takes into account the feedback between land and atmosphere and innovatively put forward several suggestions (e.g., study period selection, hydrological model selection based on soil moisture-climate interactions) to minimize the uncertainties brought by the interaction of human water use with terrestrial water fluxes. We demonstrate the use of the proposed framework in the Yangtze River basin of China. Our results show that, during the period 2003–2010, the TWS was continually increasing in the middle and south eastern reaches of the basin, at a mean rate of about 3 cm yr21. This increment in TWS was attributed to anthropogenic modification of the hydrological cycle, rather than natural climate variability. The dominant contributor to the TWS excess was found to be intensive surface water irrigation, which recharged the water table in the middle and south eastern parts of the basin. Water impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is found to account for nearly 20% of the human-induced TWS increment in the region where the TGR is located. The proposed framework gives water managers/researchers a useful tool to investigate the spatial human effects on TWS changes.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in object detection in remote sensing imagery with onboard sensors and embedded platform based on deep convolutional neural networks. However, the limited cost, power consumption, compute complexity, and parameter size make the task challenging. The current object detection frameworks are mainly designed on the basis of graphics processing units (GPUs) and require further optimization in power consumption, and calculating quantity and parameter size. To address these issues, we propose an effective single-shot multibox detector (DF-SSD) framework, using the DepthFire module we designed to reform SqueezeNet as the backbone network to reduce the calculating quantity and improve the processing efficiency. To evaluate the effectiveness and superiority of DF-SSD, compared with the other state-of-the-art methods, extensive experiments are conducted on various hardware platforms, including GPU 1080ti, central processing unit i7-7700k, NVidia Jetson TX2, and Cambricon-1H8. Experiment results show that the designed algorithm can achieve a mean average precision of 75.2% on NWPU VHR-10 dataset, with 181, 5.2, 26.3, and 15 frames per second on the above four typical hardware platforms, respectively, which finally demonstrate the effectiveness and high accuracy of the proposed algorithm.

In this paper, numerical simulation of three- dimensional flow field of a vertical-type liquid- continuous impinging stream reactor (VLISR) was carried out by FLUENT software, its fluid movement regulation was studied, and the distributions of pressure and velocity were analyzed. This method is convenient and easy with a reliable result compared to engineering practice. In addition, the change of horizontal velocity under different positions was investigated. Numerical study results showed that the pressure distribution was symmetrical to the axial of impinging stream reactor. In the area of pivoted axle and guide cylinder, the pressure gradient was the maximum, showing strong pressure fluctuation. The maximum velocity, which was 0.82 m/s, was found near the impeller. The results may provide fundamentals for hydraulic cell disruption, and data for further optimization and improvement of vertical-type liquid-continuous impinging stream reactors.

The growth of living organism like algae, fungi and bacteria in the cooling-water system of thermal power plants may cause biological fouling. In this paper, a novel method using impinging stream was proposed to kill algae, fungi and bacteria in cooling water of thermal power plants. Using yeast cells as an example, the method of yeast cell disruption by a self-designed vertical impinging stream reactor was introduced, and the effects of impinging speed, impinging time and adding medium quantity on the ratio of cell disruption were investigated. The experimental results show that under the conditions of 1200 r/min of motor speed, 7 h of impinging time and 200 g of adding agent, the ratio of cell disruption can reach 75.8% by the vertical impinging streams reactor. This method is expected to play an important role in cell disruption with hydraulic power, and also to be beneficial to further develop the theory of liquid-continuous impinging streams.

Impinging streams (IS) are classified into gas-continuous and liquid-continuous ones (GIS and LIS). Large number of experimental data has shown GIS promotes transfer very efficiently; while it has the intrinsic faultiness of very short residence time, and its flow configuration is relatively complex, resulting in difficulty in arranging multistage process. Essentially, GIS is applicable only for rapid processes controlled by gas film diffusion. The effect of LIS enhancing transfer is negligible; while it has the features of efficient micromixing and strong pressure fluctuation both which are resulted from the intensive interaction between the opposing streams and can promote process kinetics. All the features of IS, including GIS and LIS, have great potential of application. Reviewing the results of number investigations, mostly worked by the authors, a somewhat detailed introduction to the features of IS and several cases of its successful applications, such as wet FGD, preparation of ultrafine or nano powders, successful industrial application of large scale LIS reactors and crystallizers, etc, are described.

Impinging streams (IS) are classified into gas-continuous and liquid-continuous ones (GIS and LIS). Large number of experimental data has shown GIS promotes transfer very efficiently; while it has the intrinsic faultiness of very short residence time, and its flow configuration is relatively complex, resulting in difficulty in arranging multistage process. Essentially, GIS is applicable only for rapid processes controlled by gas film diffusion. The effect of LIS enhancing transfer is negligible; while it has the features of efficient micromixing and strong pressure fluctuation both which are resulted from the intensive interaction between the opposing streams and can promote process kinetics. All the features of IS, including GIS and LIS, have great potential of application. Reviewing the results of number investigations, mostly worked by the authors, a somewhat detailed introduction to the features of IS and several cases of its successful applications, such as wet FGD, preparation of ultrafine or nano powders, successful industrial application of large scale LIS reactors and crystallizers, etc, are described.

230Th normalization is a valuable paleoceanographic tool for reconstructing high‐resolution sediment fluxes during the late Pleistocene (last ~500,000 years). As its application has expanded to ever more diverse marine environments, the nuances of 230Th systematics, with regard to particle type, particle size, lateral advective/diffusive redistribution, and other processes, have emerged. We synthesized over 1000 sedimentary records of 230Th from across the global ocean at two time slices, the late Holocene (0–5,000 years ago, or 0–5 ka) and the Last Glacial Maximum (18.5–23.5 ka), and investigated the spatial structure of 230Th‐normalized mass fluxes. On a global scale, sedimentary mass fluxes were significantly higher during the Last Glacial Maximum (1.79–2.17 g/cm2kyr, 95% confidence) relative to the Holocene (1.48–1.68 g/cm2kyr, 95% confidence). We then examined the potential confounding influences of boundary scavenging, nepheloid layers, hydrothermal scavenging, size‐dependent sediment fractionation, and carbonate dissolution on the efficacy of 230Th as a constant flux proxy. Anomalous 230Th behavior is sometimes observed proximal to hydrothermal ridges and in continental margins where high particle fluxes and steep continental slopes can lead to the combined effects of boundary scavenging and nepheloid interference. Notwithstanding these limitations, we found that 230Th normalization is a robust tool for determining sediment mass accumulation rates in the majority of pelagic marine settings (>1,000 m water depth).