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As a promising alternative to the Von Neumann architecture, in-memory computing holds the promise of delivering high computing capacity while consuming low power. Content addressable memory (CAM) can implement pattern matching and distance measurement in memory with massive parallelism, making them highly desirable for data-intensive applications. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel 1-transistor-per-bit CAM based on the ferroelectric reconfigurable transistor. By exploiting the switchable polarity of the ferroelectric reconfigurable transistor, XOR/XNOR-like matching operation in CAM can be realized in a single transistor. By eliminating the need for the complementary circuit, these non-volatile CAMs based on reconfigurable transistors can offer a significant improvement in area and energy efficiency compared to conventional CAMs. NAND- and NOR-arrays of CAMs are also demonstrated, which enable multi-bit matching in a single reading operation. In addition, the NOR array of CAM cells effectively measures the Hamming distance between the input query and stored entries. Furthermore, utilizing the switchable polarity of these ferroelectric Schottky barrier transistors, we demonstrate reconfigurable logic gates with NAND/NOR dual functions, whose input-output mapping can be transformed in real-time without changing the layout. These reconfigurable circuits will serve as important building blocks for high-density data-stream processors and reconfigurable Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (r-ASICs). The CAMs and transformable logic gates based on ferroelectric reconfigurable transistors will have broad applications in data-intensive applications from image processing to machine learning and artificial intelligence.

In this paper, we demonstrate low-thermal-budget ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) based on two-dimensional ferroelectric CuInP2S6 (CIPS) and oxide semiconductor InZnO (IZO). The CIPS/IZO FeFETs exhibit non-volatile memory windows of ~1 V, low off-state drain currents, and high carrier mobilities. The ferroelectric CIPS layer serves a dual purpose by providing electrostatic doping in IZO and acting as a passivation layer for the IZO channel. We also investigate the CIPS/IZO FeFETs as artificial synaptic devices for neural networks. The CIPS/IZO synapse demonstrates a sizeable dynamic ratio (125) and maintains stable multi-level states. Neural networks based on CIPS/IZO FeFETs achieve an accuracy rate of over 80% in recognizing MNIST handwritten digits. These ferroelectric transistors can be vertically stacked on silicon CMOS with a low thermal budget, offering broad applications in CMOS+X technologies and energy-efficient 3D neural networks.

To examine the production time, type, and MFI of post-transplantation de novo HLA antibodies, and their effects on haplo-HSCT outcomes, we retrospectively included 116 patients who were negative for pre-existing HLA antibodies. In total, 322 serum samples from pre-transplantation to post-transplantation were dynamically tested by Luminex and single-antigen bead reagents. Patients were divided into: HLA antibody persistently negative group (group 1), the de novo HLA antibody transiently positive group (group 2), the de novo HLA antibody non-persistently positive group (group 3), and the de novo HLA antibody persistently positive group (group 4). Group 4 included DSA+non-DSA (NDSA) (group 4a) and NDSA (group 4b) groups. The detection rate of de novo HLA antibodies was 75.9% (88/116). The median MFI for de novo HLA antibodies was 2439 (1033-20162). The incidence of II–IV aGvHD was higher in group 2 than in group 1 (52.6% vs 17.9%, P < 0.01); in group 4a than in group 1 (87.5% vs 17.9%, P < 0.001); and in group 4a than in group 4b (87.5% vs 40.0%, P = 0.001). The DFS (37.5% vs 85.7%, P < 0.01) and OS (37.5% vs 85.7%, P < 0.01) of group 4a were lower than those of group 1. The DFS (48.0% vs 85.7%, P < 0.01) and OS (56.0% vs 85.7%, P = 0.03) of group 4b were lower than those of group 1. Multivariate analysis showed that de novo HLA antibody being transiently positive (HR: 5.30; 95% CI: 1.71–16.42, P = 0.01) and persistently positive (HR: 5.67; 95% CI: 2.00–16.08, P < 0.01) were both associated with a higher incidence of II–IV aGvHD. Persistently positive de novo HLA antibodies were a risk factor for reduced DFS (HR: 6.57; 95% CI: 2.08–20.70, P < 0.01) and OS (HR: 5.51; 95% CI: 1.73–17.53, P < 0.01). DSA and NDSA can be detected since 15 days after haplo-HSCT in patients without pre-existing HLA antibodies, and affect aGvHD, DFS, and OS. Haplo-HSCT patients must be monitored for HLA antibodies changes for appropriate preventive clinical management, and we recommend that 1-month post-transplantation is the best test time point.

The analysis of teacher behavior of massive teaching videos has become a surge of research interest recently. Traditional methods rely on accurate manual analysis, which is extremely complex and time-consuming for analyzing massive teaching videos. However, existing works on action recognition are difficultly transplanted to the teacher behavior recognition, because it is difficult to extract teacher’s behavior from complex teaching scenario, and teacher’s behaviors are given professional educational semantics. These methods are not adequate for the need of the teacher behavior recognition. Thus, a novel and simple recognition method of teacher behavior in the actual teaching scene for massive teaching videos is proposed, which can provide technical assistance for analyzing teacher behavior and fill the blank of automatic recognition of teacher behavior in actual teaching scene. Firstly, we discover the educational pattern which it be named “teacher set”, that is, the spatial region of the video of the whole class where teachers should exist. Based on this, the algorithm of teacher set identification and extraction (Teacher-set IE algorithm) is studied to identify the teacher in the teaching video, and reduce the interference factors of classroom background. Then, an improved behavior recognition network based on 3D bilinear pooling (3D BP-TBR) is presented to enhance fusion representation of three-dimensional features thus identifying the categories of teacher behavior, and experiments show that 3D BP-TBR can achieve better performance on public and self-built dataset (TAD-08). Hence, our whole approach can increase recognition accuracy of teacher behavior in the actual teaching scene to utilize the deep integration of educational characteristics and action recognition technology.

Wenjuan Zhu,1,* Wenzhe Gao,2,* Yanyao Deng,3 Xiao Yu,2 Hongwei Zhu2 1Division of Nephrology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiao Yu; Hongwei ZhuDepartment of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail yuxiaoyx4@126.com; zhw_0509@csu.edu.cnBackground and Aims: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is the most lethal cancer type around the world. With the in-depth exploration of the function of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism has shown its potential to partially reveal the pathogenesis of PAAD. This study aimed to construct a lncRNA‐associated ceRNA network and explore ceRNA regulatory axes with experimental and prognostic value in PAAD.Methods: First, we applied differential expression analysis in the TCGA_PAAD dataset. Then, interaction analysis and survival analysis in multiple RNA interaction databases were conducted to construct a ceRNA network. Finally, a potential regulatory axis was validated using clinical samples and cell lines by quantitative realtime PCR (qRT‐PCR).Results: A ceRNA network comprising 13 lncRNAs, 96 miRNAs, and 30 mRNAs was successfully constructed. Survival analysis further narrowed this network to five lncRNAs, three miRNAs, and seven mRNAs, which were significantly associated with patients’ overall survival. A potential regulatory axis CASC8-miR-129-5p-TOB1 was further experimentally validated. The expression of these genes was associated with clinicopathological factors and their expression trend was consistent with ceRNA mechanism. Specifically, knockdown of lncRNA-CASC8 led to the overexpression of miR-129-5p and down-regulation of TOB1, while overexpression of CASC8 showed opposite effects.Conclusion: This novel ceRNA regulatory network could provide new insight into the pathogenesis of PAAD. The new regulatory axis CASC8-miR-129-5p-TOB1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients.Keywords: pancreatic adenocarcinoma, competing endogenous RNA, long non‐coding RNA, The Cancer Genome Atlas, bioinformatics analysis

2D materials offer an ideal platform to study the strain fields induced by individual atomic defects, yet challenges associated with radiation damage have so-far limited electron microscopy methods to probe these atomic-scale strain fields. Here, we demonstrate an approach to probe single-atom defects with sub-picometer precision in a monolayer 2D transition metal dichalcogenide, WSe$_{2-2x}$Te$_{2x}$. We utilize deep learning to mine large datasets of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy images to locate and classify point defects. By combining hundreds of images of nominally identical defects, we generate high signal-to-noise class-averages which allow us to measure 2D atomic coordinates with up to 0.3 pm precision. Our methods reveal that Se vacancies introduce complex, oscillating strain fields in the WSe$_{2-2x}$Te$_{2x}$ lattice which cannot be explained by continuum elastic theory. These results indicate the potential impact of computer vision for the development of high-precision electron microscopy methods for beam-sensitive materials., All authors are from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 41 pages, 5 figures, 6 supplementary figures, and supplementary information

In order to explore the influence of signature form and rubric on the online peer assessment's engagement, this paper designed a two-factor mixed experiment of 2 (anonymous, real name) × 2 (with rubric, no-rubric) with 379 students from C College as the research object. The statistical analysis was carried out from the three dimensions of behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement and emotional engagement of learners participating in peer assessment. The study found learner's behavioral engagement in the real-name form is higher than the anonymous, and has nothing to do with whether or not to provide the rubric. However, in anonymous situation, the online peer assessment's cognitive engagement and emotional engagement with rubric are significantly higher than without the rubric. Therefore, it is recommended that teaching practitioners provide rubric when using anonymous peer assessment, but other relevant measures should be taken to improve learners' behavioral engagement.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been considered to be one of the most promising green alternatives of conventional volatile solvents for liquid-liquid separation. However, acidic hydrophobic DESs have been less studied although they are of great importance for the extraction of compounds which are unstable in alkaline conditions. In this study, a novel family of acidic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents was designed and prepared from methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride and a series of haloacetic acids. For the first time, the obtained DESs were used for extraction and determination of calcium dobesilate, which is an extensively used medicine for treating vascular diseases, but it can be easily oxidized under alkaline and neutral conditions. The factors influencing extraction process including pH, temperature, extract time, inorganic salts and organic coexistence were systematically investigated. It is found that these DESs exhibited outstanding extraction performance towards calcium dobesilate. The extraction equilibrium time was only 3 min in a wide range of pH (1.2–9.2) at room temperature and the extraction capacity was up to 504 mg/g. The detection limit of calcium dobesilate extracting from water samples was 0.05 μg/L and the limit of quantification was 0.5 μg/L. A variety of inorganic salts with the concentration up to 1.0 mol/L and common coexisting organic compounds, such as glucose and starch, with the concentration more than 1000 times higher than the target analyte had no obvious impact on the extraction efficiency. The relative recovery for real samples ranged from 93.2% to 108.6%. Furthermore, the DESs could be recycled and regenerated through back extraction. After fifteen cycles, the extraction efficiency was still up to 99%. Finally, the extraction and back extraction mechanism was discussed in detail.

Five isomorphous 3D complexes of formates, namely, {Cu(HCOO)2·4H2O} n (1), {Co(HCOO)2·2H2O} n (2), {Mn(HCOO)2·2H2O} n (3), {Co(HCOO)2·DMF·H2O} n (4), and {Mn2(HCOO)6·0.5[HN(CH3)2]} n (5), were synthesized and characterized by microanalysis. The catalytic activities of these complexes for the oxidation of phenol by H2O2 to catechol (CAT) and hydroquinone (HQ) were investigated. Complex 1 showed the best performance by exhibiting a high conversion rate of 68.02% and a high selectivity for CAT with a maximum CAT/HQ ratio of 2.74.

The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has become an emerging treatment for neural degeneration. A key factor in such treatments is to manipulate NSC behaviors such as proliferation and differentiation, resulting in the eventual regulation of NSC fate. Novel bionanomaterials have shown usefulness in guiding the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs due to the materials’ unique morphological and topological properties. Among the nanomaterials, graphene has drawn increasing attention for neural regeneration applications based on the material’s excellent physicochemical properties, surface modifications, and biocompatibility. In this review, we summarize recent works on the use of graphene-based biomaterials for regulating NSC behaviors and the potential use of these materials in clinical treatment. We also discuss the limitations of graphene-based nanomaterials for use in clinical practice. Finally, we provide some future prospects for graphene-based biomaterial applications in neural regeneration.

Tujia brocade craft, as a kind of famous folk handcraft of Youshui watershed in China, cannot be contacted by the public personally except through pictures, text, videos due to its regional distribution and the closure inheritance way. So people are unable to get better understanding of the entity and the essence of Tujia brocade craft, which seriously hampered the development and inheritance of this folk treasure. To solve this problem, this paper develops interactive system for Tujia brocade virtual weaving based on Kinect combining the Tujia brocade protection with somatosensory interaction technology, which provides three main function modules, that is, tools display, traditional craft display and virtual weaving. It is expected that this system will help the public to identify and master the basic processes of Tujia brocade weaving.

Tujia brocade is a typical brocade of ethnic groups in China and also known as "Xilankapu", or "Knitting Floral Bedspread". It was listed in the directory of National Intangible Heritages of China in 2006. However, due to the impact of the way of Tujia brocade craft inheritance and other factors, Tujia brocade craft is increasingly declining. So it is urgent to strengthen the digital protection of Tujia brocade, this paper tries to carry out discussion and study of the key movements of Tujia brocade craft. And it puts forward a new method in intangible culture heritage protection based on unmarked motion capture technique. It captures the key actions of twelve processes of Tujia brocade craft combined with Kinect and Leap Motion and establishes a motion data set of Tujia brocade. In addition, virtual representation of Tujia brocade craft is realized by three-dimensional animation technology. Thus the research causes quite great practical effect on digital protection of Tujia brocade.

Tujia Brocade is one of the five Chinese famous brocades. Tujia brocade yarn, which uses botanic dyeing, is gradually disappearing because of the impact of modern industry. China has attached great importance to the digital protection of ancient craftsmanship nowadays; it is of great significance for the protection of Tujia brocade culture by using digital technology to show the process and reproduce history and human environment what has disappeared. This paper studies the modeling and realistic simulation of Tujia brocade yarn, initially and gets the twist, hairiness, color and shape characteristics of Tujia brocade yarn via instrument measuring and image processing technology, subsequently utilizes the simulation technology to realize the realistic simulation of Tujia brocade yarn, as so to achieve the digital and virtual reproduction of Tujia Brocade.

We determined the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Cunninghamia lanceolata (GenBank accession: NC_021437.1) in this study. The total length of the chloroplast genome is 135 334 bp. The GC content is 35%. A total of 119 genes are successfully annotated, including 35 tRNA (20 tRNA species), 3 rRNA (3 rRNA species) and 81 protein-coding genes (81 PCG species). Twelve protein-coding genes (rps16, ycf3, rpoC1, atpF, rps12, ndhB, rpl2, rpl16, petD, petB, ndhA, rps15) contain one or two introns. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that this newly characterized Cunninghamia lanceolata chloroplast genome will provide essential data for further study on phylogenetic resolution, biodiversity for the genus Cunninghamia and Taxodiacea.

Two new functionalized ionic liquids, 1-acetyl-3-alkylimidazolium iodides, were synthesized by the reactions of 1-acetylimidazole with alkyl iodides under solvent-free condition. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, ESI-MS, IR, UV-Vis and elemental analysis. The 1-acetyl-3-ethylimidazolium iodide (3a) is a solid and 1-acetyl-3-hexylimidazolium iodide (3b) is a viscous liquid at room temperature.

In this work, we reported uniform layer-by-layer sublimation of black phosphorus under heating below 600 K. The uniformity and crystallinity of BP samples after thermal thinning were confirmed by Raman spectra and 2D Raman imaging. A uniform and crystalline bilayer black phosphorus flake with an area of 180 um^2 was prepared with this method. No micron scale defects were observed. The sublimation rate of BP was around 0.18 nm / min at 500 K and 1.5 nm / min at 550 K. Both room and high temperature Raman peak intensity ratio Si/A2g vs. BP thickness relations were established for in-situ thickness determination. The sublimation thinning method was shown to be a controllable and scalable approach to prepare few-layer black phosphorus., Comment: New data have been included in this version, which were presented at the MRS fall meeting 2016

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides display a wide range of attractive physical and chemical properties and are potentially important for various device applications. Here we report the electronic transport and device properties of monolayer molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). We show that these devices have the potential to suppress short channel effects and have high critical breakdown electric field. However, our study reveals that the electronic properties of these devices are at present, severely limited by the presence of a significant amount of band tail trapping states. Through capacitance and ac conductance measurements, we systematically quantify the density-of-states and response time of these states. Due to the large amount of trapped charges, the measured effective mobility also leads to a large underestimation of the true band mobility and the potential of the material. Continual engineering efforts on improving the sample quality are needed for its potential applications., 23 pages, 5 figures

Plasmonics takes advantage of the collective response of electrons to electromagnetic waves, enabling dramatic scaling of optical devices beyond the diffraction limit. Here, we demonstrate the mid-infrared (4 to 15 microns) plasmons in deeply scaled graphene nanostructures down to 50 nm, more than 100 times smaller than the on-resonance light wavelength in free space. We reveal, for the first time, the crucial damping channels of graphene plasmons via its intrinsic optical phonons and scattering from the edges. A plasmon lifetime of 20 femto-seconds and smaller is observed, when damping through the emission of an optical phonon is allowed. Furthermore, the surface polar phonons in SiO2 substrate underneath the graphene nanostructures lead to a significantly modified plasmon dispersion and damping, in contrast to a non-polar diamond-like-carbon (DLC) substrate. Much reduced damping is realized when the plasmon resonance frequencies are close to the polar phonon frequencies. Our study paves the way for applications of graphene in plasmonic waveguides, modulators and detectors in an unprecedentedly broad wavelength range from sub-terahertz to mid-infrared., submitted

Boundaries and edges of a two dimensional system lower its symmetry and are usually regarded, from the point of view of charge transport, as imperfections. Here we present a first study of the behavior of graphene plasmons in a strong magnetic field that provides a different perspective. We show that the plasmon resonance in micron size graphene disks in a strong magnetic field splits into edge and bulk plasmon modes with opposite dispersion relations, and that the edge plasmons at terahertz frequencies develop increasingly longer lifetimes with increasing magnetic field, in spite of potentially more defects close to the graphene edges. This unintuitive behavior is attributed to increasing quasi-one dimensional field-induced confinement and the resulting suppression of the back-scattering. Due to the linear band structure of graphene, the splitting rate of the edge and bulk modes develops a strong doping dependence, which differs from the behavior of traditional semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems. We also observe the appearance of a higher order mode indicating an anharmonic confinement potential even in these well-defined circular disks. Our work not only opens an avenue for studying the physics of graphene edges, but also supports the great potential of graphene for tunable terahertz magneto-optical devices., 27 pages, 4 figures with supplementary information, submitted

Superlattices are artificial periodic nanostructures which can control the flow of electrons. Their operation typically relies on the periodic modulation of the electric potential in the direction of electron wave propagation. Here we demonstrate transparent graphene superlattices which can manipulate infrared photons utilizing the collective oscillations of carriers, i.e., plasmons of the ensemble of multiple graphene layers. The superlattice is formed by depositing alternating wafer-scale graphene sheets and thin insulating layers, followed by patterning them all together into 3-dimensional photonic-crystal-like structures. We demonstrate experimentally that the collective oscillation of Dirac fermions in such graphene superlattices is unambiguously nonclassical: compared to doping single layer graphene, distributing carriers into multiple graphene layers strongly enhances the plasmonic resonance frequency and magnitude, which is fundamentally different from that in a conventional semiconductor superlattice. This property allows us to construct widely tunable far-infrared notch filters with 8.2 dB rejection ratio and terahertz linear polarizers with 9.5 dB extinction ratio, using a superlattice with merely five graphene atomic layers. Moreover, an unpatterned superlattice shields up to 97.5% of the electromagnetic radiations below 1.2 terahertz. This demonstration also opens an avenue for the realization of other transparent mid- and far-infrared photonic devices such as detectors, modulators, and 3-dimensional meta-material systems., under review

Recent literatures in empirical finance are surveyed in its relation to underlying behavioral principles, principles which come primarily from psychology, sociology and anthropology. Behavioral finance encompasses research that drops the traditional assumptions of expected utility maximization with rational investors in efficient markets. Herd behavior would be considered one of investors' behaviors that can affect the stock market efficiency. What is the herd behavior and how it comes into? More researchers think the cognitive bias would result in herd behavior. This article contains three parts. The first part --introduction-we provide a brief introduction of herd behavior; The second part --a case study- (1) A small scale experimental questionnaire investigation, only 99 samples, mainly supplies some cognitive bias evidences in stock market. Through analyzing of questionnaires we can simply certify that the psychogenic characters, social cognition and anthropological characters maybe result in bounded rationality during stock investment. (2) We notice some special information, and their affection would be enlarged by media, and then stock price would fluctuate abnormally. But we discuss, simply, the relationship between the information and stock price fluctuation, without any positive method. The third part: conclusion part. We list the investigation conclusions and explains the possible reasons --conformity pressure, trade-off difficulty and person cognition, incidence of information, neural simulation--why the endowment effect, sunk cost, house-money effect would effect the person decision and bounded rationality.

The carrier density and temperature dependence of the Hall mobility in mono-, bi- and tri-layer graphene has been systematically studied. We found that as the carrier density increases, the mobility decreases for mono-layer graphene, while it increases for bi-layer/tri-layer graphene. This can be explained by the different density of states in mono-layer and bi-layer/tri-layer graphenes. In mono-layer, the mobility also decreases with increasing temperature primarily due to surface polar substrate phonon scattering. In bi-layer/tri-layer graphene, on the other hand, the mobility increases with temperature because the field of the substrate surface phonons is effectively screened by the additional graphene layer(s) and the mobility is dominated by Coulomb scattering. We also find that the temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient in mono-, bi- and tri-layer graphene can be explained by the formation of electron and hole puddles in graphene. This model also explains the temperature dependence of the minimum conductance of mono-, bi- and tri-layer graphene. The electrostatic potential variations across the different graphene samples are extracted., 18 pages, 7 figures