1. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: An update
- Author
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Gian Luigi Marseglia, Giuseppe Fabio Parisi, Michele Miraglia Del Giudice, Cristiana Indolfi, Giuseppe Marchese, Lucia Diaferio, Anna Maria Zicari, Giulia Brindisi, Daniele Giovanni Ghiglioni, Giorgio Ciprandi, Ghiglioni, D. G., Zicari, A. M., Parisi, G. F., Marchese, G., Indolfi, C., Diaferio, L., Brindisi, G., Ciprandi, G., Marseglia, G. L., and Miraglia del Giudice, M.
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Eye Diseases ,Keratoconjunctivitis ,Complex disease ,Vernal keratoconjunctiviti ,Immunosuppressive Agent ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,children ,medicine ,Humans ,adolescents ,Keywords Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, ocular allergy, children, adolescents ,Conjunctivitis, Allergic ,National health ,International level ,business.industry ,Atopic keratoconjunctivitis ,atopic keratoconjunctivitis ,Eye Disease ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,eye diseases ,Ocular allergy ,Ophthalmology ,atopic keratoconjunctiviti ,030228 respiratory system ,adolescent ,ocular allergy ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Keywords Vernal keratoconjunctivitis ,business ,Vernal keratoconjunctivitis ,Immunosuppressive Agents ,Human - Abstract
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) are potentially severe and complex disease in its management among the various allergic eye diseases. In this regard, studies clarified the etiopathogenetic mechanisms. The workup should be multidisciplinary. The treatment includes topical and systemic medications with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant activity. However, a definition of nationally- and internationally-shared diagnostic protocols would also be needed and validated access to therapeutic options of proven safety and efficacy to avoid the use of galenic preparations, up to now still essential in the management of moderate-severe VKC. Finally, recognizing VKC and AKC, among rare diseases, at a national and international level would be an essential step to allow the management of VKC with adequate timings and settings within the National Health System.
- Published
- 2021