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13 p.-4 fig., A substantial part of living cells activity involves transcription regulation. The RNA polymerases responsible for this job need to know ‘where/when' to start and stop in the genome, answers that may change throughout life and upon external stimuli. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RNA Pol II transcription termination can follow two different routes: the poly(A)-dependent one used for most of the mRNAs and the Nrd1/Nab3/Sen1 (NNS) pathway for non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). The NNS targets include snoRNAs and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) generated by pervasive transcription. This review recapitulates the state of the art in structural biology and biophysics of the Nrd1, Nab3 and Sen1 components of the NNS complex, with special attention to their domain structures and interactions with peptide and RNA motifs, and their heterodimerization. This structural information is put into the context of the NNS termination mechanism together with possible prospects for evolution in the field., B.C.-A. is supported by the grant PID2020-113225GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. J.M.P.-C. is founded by PID2020-112821GB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/).

A novel concept of quaternionic fuzzy sets (QFSs) is presented in this paper. QFSs are a generalization of traditional fuzzy sets and complex fuzzy sets based on quaternions. The novelty of QFSs is that the range of the membership function is the set of quaternions with modulus less than or equal to one, of which the real and quaternionic imaginary parts can be used for four different features. A discussion is made on the intuitive interpretation of quaternion-valued membership grades and the possible applications of QFSs. Several operations, including quaternionic fuzzy complement, union, intersection, and aggregation of QFSs, are presented. Quaternionic fuzzy relations and their composition are also investigated. QFS is designed to maintain the advantages of traditional FS and CFS, while benefiting from the properties of quaternions. Cuts of QFSs and rotational invariance of quaternionic fuzzy operations demonstrate the particularity of quaternion-valued grades of membership.

This article deals with the evaluation of a thickness analysis on the vuts of beech wood using annual rings. The study was performed at the state enterprise Lesy SR, a branch plant in Smolenice on the territory of Forrest District Majdan. In order to perform a thickness analysis of the beech logs, it was necessary to know the number of annual rings on the butt end and the number of annual rings on the small end. Based on these two quantities, it was necessary to derive the number of annual rings in the middle of the trunk. All these characteristics were related to the length of the stem and the thickness of the stem. The data set contained 1000 logs. For a period of 3 years - i.e. from 2017 to 2019 in total for all types of intentional felling, starting with tending intentional felling up to 50 years, tendingt intentional felling over 50 years and ending with prescribed final felling, incidential felling was not included in the investigation. The aim of this publication was to determine the thickness characteristics of beech stem logs, which are characterized in the territory of branch Smolenice by a full-wood stem and to create input quantities for a model log of a beech stem. The results include the average width of annual rings depending on the length of the stem, the average number of annual rings per 1 meter of length, the average reduction in the number of annual rings depending on the length recalculated per 1 meter of length, the average height increment. The results showed interesting findings, the largest average width of annual rings was recorded in improvement intentional felling over 50 years, despite advanced age. Another interesting finding was the average height gain of 0.5 m. The average number of annual rings served to confirm the accuracy of the calculation of the stem thickness depending on the width of the annual ring. The average reduction in the number of annual rings showed the convergence of the stem in cm depending on the length of the cut.

En el presente informe se ven reflejadas las actividades realizadas durante el periodo de práctica profesional desempeñadas en la empresa ALNASAN S.A.S, en la ciudad de Tunja, empresa dedicada a excavaciones de todo tipo de construcción de igual manera a consultorías, interventorías y demás actividades complementarias de la obra civil para la realización de la pasantía se trabajó en total 600 horas de lunes a sábado cumpliendo horarios establecidos por la empresa. El cargo a desempeñar dentro de la entidad fue de auxiliar de Ingeniería en el área excavaciones, con lo cual se pusieron a prueba los conocimientos adquiridos a lo largo de la etapa de estudio dentro de la Universidad Santo Tomás seccional Tunja, unos de los varios conocimientos aplicados fueron la supervisión técnica en cuanto a los elementos de protección personal de los trabajadores su respectiva aplicación e implementación según las normas , leyes y resoluciones vigentes , de igual manera el seguimiento por medio de informes técnicos y cortes del avance de obra en este caso el avance de las excavaciones en diferentes obras. De igual manera el objeto del presente trabajo de grado es describir las actividades, impactos y aportes realizados por el estudiante durante el periodo descrito anteriormente, dichas actividades se enfocan en el cálculo de propuestas, verificación de cortes y supervisión de excavaciones de diferentes proyectos que más adelante se describirán. This report reflects the activities carried out during the period of professional practice carried out in the company ALNASAN S.A.S, in the city of Tunja, a company dedicated to excavations of all types of construction as well as consulting, auditing and other complementary activities of The civil works for the realization of the internship were worked in total 600 hours from Monday to Saturday, complying with schedules established by the company. The position to be held within the entity was Engineering assistant in the area of excavations, with which the knowledge acquired throughout the study stage within the Tunja sectional Santo Tomás University was put to the test, one of the several Applied knowledge was the technical supervision regarding the elements of personal protection of the workers, their respective application and implementation according to the regulations, laws and resolutions in force, in the same way the follow-up through technical reports and cuts of the progress of the work in this case. the progress of the excavations in different works. In the same way, the purpose of this degree work is to describe the activities, impacts and contributions made by the student during the period described above, these activities focus on the calculation of proposals, verification of cuts and supervision of excavations of different projects that more will be described later. Pregrado

International audience

In a fuzzy set (FS), there is a concept of alpha-cuts of the FS for alpha in [0,1]. Further, this concept was extended into (alpha,delta)-cuts in an intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) for delta in [0,1]. One of the expansions of FS and IFS is the picture fuzzy set (PFS). Hence, the concept of (alpha,delta)-cuts was developed into (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in a PFS where beta is an element of [0,1]. Since a picture fuzzy graph (PFG) consists of picture fuzzy vertex or edge sets or both of them, we have an idea to construct the notion of the (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in a PFG. The steps used in this paper are developing theories and algorithms. The objectives in this research are to construct the concept of (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in picture fuzzy graphs (PFGs), to construct the (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts coloring of PFGs, and to design an algorithm for finding the cut chromatic numbers of PFGs. The first result is a definition of the (alpha,delta,beta)-cut in picture fuzzy graphs (PFGs) where (alpha,delta,beta) are elements of a level set of the PFGs. Further, some properties of the cuts are proved. The second result is a concept of PFG coloring and the chromatic number of PFG based on the cuts. The third result is an algorithm to find the cuts and the chromatic numbers of PFGs. Finally, an evaluation of the algorithm is done through Matlab programming. This research could be used to solve some problems related to theories and applications of PFGs.

Cutting planes need not be valid in stochastic integer optimization. Many practical problems under uncertainty, for example, in energy, logistics, and healthcare, can be modeled as mixed-integer stochastic programs (MISPs). However, such problems are notoriously difficult to solve. In “Pseudo-Valid Cutting Planes for Two-Stage Mixed-Integer Stochastic Programs with Right-Hand-Side Uncertainty,” Romeijnders and van der Laan introduce a novel approach to solve two-stage MISPs. Instead of using exact cuts that are always valid, they propose to use pseudo-valid cutting planes for the second-stage feasible regions that may cut away feasible integer second-stage solutions for some scenarios and may be overly conservative for others. The advantage of using such cutting planes is that the approximating problem remains convex in the first-stage decision variables and thus can be solved efficiently. Moreover, the performance of these cutting planes is good if the variability of the random parameters in the model is large enough.

In traditional two-stage mixed-integer recourse models, the expected value of the total costs is minimized. In order to address risk-averse attitudes of decision makers, we consider a weighted mean-risk objective instead. Conditional value-at-risk is used as our risk measure. Integrality conditions on decision variables make the model non-convex and hence, hard to solve. To tackle this problem, we derive convex approximation models and corresponding error bounds, that depend on the total variations of the density functions of the random right-hand side variables in the model. We show that the error bounds converge to zero if these total variations go to zero. In addition, for the special cases of totally unimodular and simple integer recourse models we derive sharper error bounds.

Split cuts are arguably the most effective class of cutting planes within a branch-and-cut framework for solving general Mixed-Integer Programs (MIP). Sparsity, on the other hand, is a common characteristic of MIP problems, and it is an important part of why the simplex method works so well inside branch-and-cut. In this work, we evaluate the strength of split cuts that exploit sparsity. In particular, we show that restricting ourselves to sparse disjunctions—and furthermore, ones that have small disjunctive coefficients—still leads to a significant portion of the total gap closed with arbitrary split cuts. We also show how to exploit sparsity structure that is implicit in the MIP formulation to produce splits that are sparse yet still effective. Our results indicate that one possibility to produce good split cuts is to try and exploit such structure.

We present the first linear-time algorithm that computes the 4-edge-connected components of an undirected graph. Hence, we also obtain the first linear-time algorithm for testing 4-edge connectivity. Our results are based on a linear-time algorithm that computes the 3-edge cuts of a 3-edge-connected graph G, and a linear-time procedure that, given the collection of all 3-edge cuts, partitions the vertices of G into the 4-edge-connected components., LIPIcs, Vol. 204, 29th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2021), pages 47:1-47:17

The effects of growth stimulants consist of activating plant physiological processes, which positively affects vegetative and generative growth, increasing the yield and its quality. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of microbial and amino acid products on the quality of grassland silage, their application in different combinations was an experimental factor. According to the results, the foliar application of the amino acid and microbial products had a statistically significant effect on the chemical composition of silage. In comparison to control, silage produced from plants treated with those growth stimulants contained significantly more total protein in dry matter, while crude fiber content changed only slightly. In addition, due to higher lactic acid content, the quality of silage treated with the stimulants was higher than the quality of control plants. To sum up, the foliar treatment of plants with microorganisms in combination with amino acids resulted in a significant increase in the content of desired components, with a higher nutritional value of the silage.

The saving of leather, an extremely important objective in footwear manufacturing, requires following certains steps in the process of cutting the component parts of a footwear article in order to obtain better use of the leather surface. With this regard, the paper presents how to program the cuts of the outer parts of a shoe item in the cutting department, respectively a model of women shoes. For the chosen item, there were done single cuts for one number of size (10 options), as well as combined cuts of two distinct sizes (45 options). Programming uppers cuts consists in their practical realization, followed by choosing the optimal cuts in order to obtain the best global utilisation index. The value of the global utilisation index depends on the values of the utilisation indices of the simple and combined cutting ways, the programming strategy and the iteration mode of the cutting options. By using the simple and combined cuts, for the developed program resulted a 72.04% global utilization index versus 70.64%, obtained by scheduling only single cuts, requiring a quantity of 91 hides. In the case of cuts options with higher utilisation indices, a judicious programming strategy can lead to an efficient cutting, close to the best automatic data processing program.

The effect of PEF processing and chilled storage on the volatile composition and sensory properties of chilled and frozen lamb cuts was investigated in this study. Results showed that PEF-treated chilled and frozen lamb cuts varied in temporal flavour attributes with storage. Storage for 7 days resulted in oxidized flavour, while PEF treatments for all chilled and frozen cuts were associated with browned and livery flavour attributes. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to determine the predictive relationships between the volatile composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and sensory responses for PEF treated lamb cuts. The results showed that some volatile compounds (2-nonanone, 2-pentylfuran, pyrrole, methyl pyrazine, 2-ethyl-3-methyl pyrazine, and thiophene) correlated well with the meaty and juicy flavour of PEF treated frozen lamb cuts. In PEF treated chilled lamb cuts, meaty and juicy flavours were associated with the presence of fatty acids (C18:0, SFA, 20:5(n-3), and n-3). In contrast, livery and browned perception of both PEF processed chilled and frozen lamb cuts were associated with the presence of amino acids (threonine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and methionine), and some volatile compounds (heptanal, 2-ethylfuran, pyridine, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide, and 3,5-diethyl-2-methyl pyrazine). Overall, these results imply that careful consideration of type of meat cuts, PEF pre-treatment, and storage are important when subjecting lamb meat to PEF processing.

Due to the current events related to Covid-19, the conference originally planned for July 2020 has been postponed to April 7-9, 2021. The conference will be organized virtually by videoconference. ORAL; International audience; The SoftCast video transmission scheme has been proposed as a promising alternative to traditional video broadcasting systems in wireless error-prone environments. However, in its original form, the scheme may introduce annoying artifacts such as temporal quality variations or the so-called ghost effect. To eliminate this artifact as well as improving the received quality, we recently proposed an updated version of SoftCast: Adaptive GoP-size mechanism based on Content and Cut detection for SoftCast (AGCC-SoftCast) [1]. In this paper, we provide additional results and verify the validity of the algorithm considering different video content and resolution. We also analyze the behaviors of the scheme considering different type of cuts: 1) Abrupt cuts i.e., a cut that appear between two different scenes, 2) Soft cuts that may appear in a same scene and 3) Intraframe cuts that represents a shot change inside a limited portion of the frame. The performance of AGCC-SoftCast are compared to the original SoftCast scheme under different Channel Signal-to-Noise Ratios (CSNR) and Compression Ratios (CR). Traditional objective metrics are considered such as: the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), the Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) and the Multi-Scale SSIM (MS-SSIM). In addition, the recent Video Multi-method Assessment Fusion (VMAF) metric proposed by Netflix is also used. Regardless of the CSNR and CR values, results clearly highlight the importance of the AGCC algorithm in a SoftCast wireless video transmission scheme. Depending on the transmitted video content, results show that improvements up to 11.6dB in terms of PSNR and 67.45 in terms of VMAF can be obtained, especially at the cut boundaries.

Between the 16th and the 18th century, as the study of drawing emerged as a scientific procedure to write the history of European art, material cuts have transformed the way in which drawings were collected and studied. This essay examines various types of cuts, such as those operated on the drawings in the collections of Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574) and Pierre-Jean Mariette (1694-1774), and offers an explanation on how such treatment shaped the interpretation of scholars and connoisseurs through time. The case of the loose sheets by Jean-Antoine Watteau (1684-1721) shows the impact of the cuts made since the 18th century on the study of an artist���s drawn oeuvre, and particularly on the ranking of pictorial genres. Landscape drawings are cut to favour figure studies on the opposite face of the sheet. Starting in the 19th century, the systematic introduction of the labels ���recto��� and ���verso��� in art historical literature and museum practices has resulted in the hierarchical arrangement of the two faces, according to the evolution of taste. The philological study of the loss caused by the cut, it is argued, may promote fruitful intersections between the history of drawings��� connoisseurship, collecting and restoration.

Denna uppsats byggs på de besparingar som sker inom lagen om stöd och service åt vissa funktionshindrade. Lagen antogs för att förbättra levnadsvillkoren för personer med funktionsnedsättning, men även för att ge en möjlighet till självbestämmande och goda levnadsvillkor. Uppsatsen syftar till att ta reda på hur enhetschefer upplever sitt handlingsutrymme vid en budget-läggning men också hur man som enhetschef hanterar de konsekvenser som uppstår i en budget som minskar. Syftet ska uppnås med kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar delade meningar i handlingsutrymmet men att man upplever att man som enhetschef upplever lite eller inget handlingsutrymme och att det är en stram budget som man har att arbeta efter. Nedskärningarna och konsekvenserna är att chefsstödet i många kommuner har blivit indraget, men man upplever också att arbetet blir påverkat. Detta eftersom man som chef inte har tid att utföra det kvalitetsarbete som skulle behövas och detta i sin tur leder till att brukaren inte får det denne har rätt till, såsom fritidsaktivitet. This essay is based on the savings that take place within the law on support and service for certain disabled people. The law was adopted to improve the living conditions of people with disabilities, but also to provide an opportunity for self-determination and good living conditions. The essay aims to find out how middle managers experience their room for maneuver when setting a budget, but also how unit manager handles the consequences that arise in a budget that is reduced. The purpose is to be achieved with qualitative semi-structured interviews. The results show divided opinions in the room for maneuver, but that you experience that as a unit manager you experience little or no room for maneuver and that it is a tight budget that you have to work according to. The cuts and consequences are that managerial support in many municipalities has been withdrawn, but it is also felt that the work is affected. This is because you as a manager do not have time to perform the quality work that would be needed and this in turn leads to the user not getting what he is entitled to, such as leisure activities.

Li and Panigrahi [Jason Li and Debmalya Panigrahi, 2020], in recent work, obtained the first deterministic algorithm for the global minimum cut of a weighted undirected graph that runs in time o(mn). They introduced an elegant and powerful technique to find isolating cuts for a terminal set in a graph via a small number of s-t minimum cut computations. In this paper we generalize their isolating cut approach to the abstract setting of symmetric bisubmodular functions (which also capture symmetric submodular functions). Our generalization to bisubmodularity is motivated by applications to element connectivity and vertex connectivity. Utilizing the general framework and other ideas we obtain significantly faster randomized algorithms for computing global (and subset) connectivity in a number of settings including hypergraphs, element connectivity and vertex connectivity in graphs, and for symmetric submodular functions., LIPIcs, Vol. 198, 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021), pages 50:1-50:20

In this work, we present the first linear time deterministic algorithm computing the 4-edge-connected components of an undirected graph. First, we show an algorithm listing all 3-edge-cuts in a given 3-edge-connected graph, and then we use the output of this algorithm in order to determine the 4-edge-connected components of the graph., LIPIcs, Vol. 204, 29th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2021), pages 71:1-71:15

Приведены результаты анализа профессиональных рисков при уборке помещений. Отмечено, что данные риски могут быть реализованы при выполнении любой профессиональной деятельности. Идентифицированы риски при уборке и предложены меры управления ими. The results of the analysis of professional risks in cleaning the premises are presented. It is noted that these risks can be realized when performing any professional activity. Cleaning risks are identified and management measures are proposed.

The goal of this work is to explain how the cuts and their insertion in different editing styles influence the attention of viewers. The starting hypothesis is that viewers' response to cuts varies depending on whether they watch a movie with a classical versus a messy or chaotic editing style. To undertake this investigation, we created three videos with the same narrative content and duration but different editing styles. One video was a fixed one-shot movie. Another video followed a classical editing style, based on the rules of classic Hollywood movies, according to David Bordwell's studies. The other video used a chaotic style, beyond post-classic, which broke the classical rules of continuity and was inspired by music video clips. We showed these stimuli to 40 subjects while recording their brain activity using the electroencephalography (EEG) technique. The results showed that cuts reduce the eyeblink frequency during the second after they are seen. Since blinking is a well-known attention marker, we propose that cuts increase viewers' attention. Cuts initiate a flow of electrical activity from the visual cortex to the cognitive processing zone in the prefrontal area. We also found that the different editing styles in which cuts are inserted affected perception, confirming the initial hypothesis. These results could be of great interest and utility for creators of audiovisual content and the management of attention in their work. Se explica cómo influyen en la atención de los espectadores los cortes de plano y su inserción en distintos estilos de edición. La hipótesis de inicio es que la respuesta de los espectadores a los cortes de plano variará dependiendo de si estos están en un estilo de montaje clásico o en un estilo desordenado y caótico, tipo video clip. Para abordar la investigación, creamos tres videos con el mismo contenido narrativo, la misma duración, pero distintos estilos de montaje. Un video es un plano secuencia fijo. Otro video sigue un estilo clásico de edición, conforme a las reglas del montaje de las películas clásicas de Hollywood, de acuerdo con los estudios de David Bordwell. El otro video muestra un estilo caótico, más allá del post-clásico, que rompe esas reglas de continuidad y que está inspirado en los rápidos videoclips musicales. Mostramos estos estímulos a 40 sujetos mientras registramos su actividad cerebral utilizando la técnica de la electroencefalografía (EEG). Los resultados presentan que los cortes de plano reducen la frecuencia de parpadeo de los espectadores durante el segundo posterior a ser vistos. Dado que el parpadeo es un conocido marcador de atención, proponemos que los cortes de plano aumentan la atención de los espectadores. Los cortes de plano inician un flujo de actividad eléctrica desde el córtex visual hasta la zona de procesamiento cognitivo en el área prefrontal. También encontramos que los distintos estilos de montaje en los que los cortes se inserten afectan la percepción de los mismos, confirmando la hipótesis inicial. Estos resultados pueden ser de gran interés y utilidad para los creadores de contenidos audiovisuales y la gestión de la atención en sus productos.

The preprocessing of data is an important task in rough set theory as well as in Entropy. The discretization of data as part of the preprocessing of data is a very influential process. Is there a connection between the segmentation of the data histogram and data discretization? The authors propose a novel data segmentation technique based on a histogram with regard to the quality of a data discretization. The significance of a cut’s position has been researched on several groups of histograms. A data set reduct was observed with respect to the histogram type. Connections between the data histograms and cuts, reduct and the classification rules have been researched. The result is that the reduct attributes have a more irregular histogram than attributes out of the reduct. The following discretization algorithms were used: the entropy algorithm and the Maximal Discernibility algorithm developed in rough set theory. This article presents the Cuts Selection Method based on histogram segmentation, reduct of data and MD algorithm of discretization. An application on the selected database shows that the benefits of a selection of cuts relies on histogram segmentation. The results of the classification were compared with the results of the Naïve Bayes algorithm.

ALZAGOM S.A.S, es una empresa en Santa Cruz de Lorica, Córdoba, con más de 10 años de experiencia en el ámbito comercial, teniendo a su disposición diferentes marcas, entre ellas el supermercado La Plazita, el cual se tomará como referente para el desarrollo de este proyecto. El producto Cortes de carne de cerdo, empacados al vacío, fue pensado debido a la practicidad que ya presenta la empresa sobre el producto, en el mercado local, dicho producto es atractivo, ya que, además de ser un producto alimenticio de alta demanda, el portafolio de negocios del mismo es amplio, gracias a la variedad de platillos y preparaciones que puede presentar en el acompañamiento de otros alimentos o como alimento principal. Para llevar a cabo el proyecto se tuvo en cuenta diferentes variables: Primero el acuerdo comercial Estados Unidos-Colombia (TLC), y considerando la demanda insatisfecha en el mercado meta, la tendencia alimenticia de los habitantes. En el desarrollo del plan se establecieron metas de exportación con una oferta exportable de 86,400 unidades, 3.3 kilogramos por unidad, para consolidar la presencia de la empresa y su producto en el mercado estadounidense se establecieron estrategias de marketing utilizando los medios de comunicación más efectivos en ese país. Para la empresa se generó un estudio con proyección financiera a 5 años presentando una TIRF 135,02% y una TIRE 143,32% y el punto de equilibrio se obtiene antes de lo esperado debido al bajo costo de la materia prima, lo que indica un camino viable para seguir la exportación. La recomendación, es concentrarse en la ventaja competitiva de calidad y beneficio del producto, en cuando a su capacidad productiva, es poder garantizar los tiempos de entrega usando empresas satélites y demás medios que maximicen utilidades y optimicen tiempo, para tender una capacidad de respuesta a la altura de los mercados internacionales. 1 Introducción 14 2 Objetivos: 16 2.1 General: 16 2.2 Específicos: 16 3 Resumen Ejecutivo 17 4 Abstract 18 CAPITULO 1 19 1. LA EMPRESA Y EL PERSONAL CLAVE 19 1.1 Antecedentes y generalidades de la Empresa 19 1.2 Planeación Estratégica 20 1.2.1 Visión 20 1.2.2 Misión 20 1.3 Valores y Principios Corporativos 20 1.3.1 Valores Corporativos 20 1.4 Análisis DOFA 22 1.4.1 FO 22 1.4.4FA 23 1.4.2 DO 23 1.4.3 DA 23 1.5 Elementos de Identificación 23 1.6 Portafolio de Negocios 24 1. 28 1.7 Cadena de Valor y Procesos Medulares 28 1.8 Organización actual y equipo directivo. Posiciones clave vacantes 29 1.9 Procesos Medulares del Are Administrativa: 29 1.10 Fortalezas y Debilidades 30 CAPITULO 2 31 2 PRODUCTO 31 2.1 Definición General y Técnica. 31 2.1.1 Características y generalidades 31 2.1.2 Empaque: 32 2.1.3 Etiquetado: 33 2.1.4 Descripción del Etiquetado. 33 2.1.5 Etiquetado del Producto. 34 2.1.6 Oferta Exportable 36 2.1.6.1 Volumen 36 2.1.6.2 Logística 36 2.1.6.3 Cultura Exportadora 37 2.2 Clasificación Arancelaria de su producto de acuerdo al producto al Sistema armonizado (SA); 38 2.3 Principales productos competidores directos y/o indirectos o sucedáneos. 39 2.4 Principales tipos de productos y tipos de mercado. 39 2.5 Normas y controles de calidad 40 2.5.1 Normas y controles de calidad 41 2.5.2 Autorización de Comercialización 42 2.5.3 Autorización Sanitaria de Planta de Beneficio Animal 42 2.5.4 Resoluciones 44 2.5.5 Acceso a Mercados Internacionales 46 2.5.6 Normas del País de Destino 46 2.5.7 Control de Calidad 47 2.5.8 Control de Calidad en el País de Destino 48 2.6 Tecnología e Investigación y Desarrollo como herramientas para mantener 49 2.6.1 Personal Capacitado 49 2.6.2 Máquina de Cortes 50 2.7 Mantenimiento y respaldo al Producto 51 2.8 Costos de fabricación o de adquisición 51 2.9 Valor para el cliente y ventajas competitivas del producto 53 CAPITULO 3 54 3. SELECCIÓN DEL MERCADO META 54 3.1 Situación actual de la Industria o Sector de que se trate: En los ámbitos global, doméstico y en los mercados preseleccionados. 54 3.1.1 Situación Global 54 3.1.2 Situación en el Ámbito Doméstico 56 3.1.3 Análisis del Sector en los Mercados Preseleccionados. 57 3.1.3.1 Estados Unidos: 57 3.1.3.2 Canadá: 58 3.1.3.3 México: 59 3.2 Selección del País Meta 60 3.2.1 Preselección del País Meta 60 3.2.2 Determinación de País Meta 62 3.2.2.1 Información Económica 64 3.3 Aspectos cualitativos del mercado. Características y segmentación del mercado. Prácticas comerciales y situación general de precios, canales y promoción. 65 3.4 Aspectos cuantitativos del mercado. Medición y tendencias del consumo y de las importaciones, en valor y/o volumen en los últimos años. 70 3.4.1 Consumo Aparente 71 3.4.1.1 Tendencias y Perspectivas de Desarrollo 72 3.4.2 Cuantificación de la demanda 73 3.5 Barreras de acceso al mercado 74 3.5.1 Barreras Arancelarias 74 3.5.2 Barreras No arancelarias 75 3.6 Análisis de la competencia tanto doméstica como internacional. 76 3.6.1 Marcas conocidas en Estados unidos 76 3.7 Análisis del Macro entorno, Detección de Oportunidades y Amenazas. 77 Capítulo 4 78 4. Aspectos Operacionales 78 4.1 Definición de objetivos y metas en el mercado seleccionado. 78 4.2 Adecuaciones de la mezcla de mercadotecnia. 78 4.2.1 P del Producto 78 4.2.2 P del Precio 79 4.2.3 P de Plaza 80 4.2.4 P de Promoción 80 4.3 Estrategia de entrada al mercado. 81 4.4 INCOTERM 82 4.4.1 Obligaciones del vendedor o exportador (CPT) 83 4.4.2 Obligaciones del comprador o importador (CPT) 84 4.4.3 Transferencia de riesgos (CPT) 85 4.4.4 Asignación de costes (CPT) 85 4.5 Envase y Embalaje 88 4.5.1 Regulaciones de Embalaje y Etiquetado 88 4.5.2 Entidades Sanitarias de Estados Unidos 88 4.5.3 Marcado 90 4.5.4 Empaque 91 4.5.5 Embalaje 92 4.5.6 Sistema de Empaque 93 4.6 Plan de Estiba. 93 4.6.1 Características Técnicas del Empaque 94 4.6.2 Características Técnicas del Embalaje de Cartón 95 4.6.3 Características Técnicas de Embalaje Terciario 97 4.6.4 Tipos de contenedores 98 4.6.5 Tipos de Contenedores 98 4.7 Transporte y seguros 101 4.8 Plan Operativo. 104 4.8.1 Proceso Industrial 105 4.8.2 Proceso Operativo en País de Origen 106 4.9 Precio de Exportación 106 4.10 Contratos y formas de pago 108 4.11 Programa de actividades a corto plazo 109 Capítulo 5 110 5. Aspectos Financieros 110 5.1. Inversiones 110 5.1.1. Capital de trabajo 111 5.1.2 Inversión fija 112 5.2. Estructura financiera 113 5.3. Presupuesto de ingresos 114 5.4. Principales razones financieras 117 5.5. Punto de equilibrio 118 5.6. Estado de resultados 120 5.7. TIR 120 Capítulo 6 121 6. Plan Operativo 121 6.1 Cronograma de Actividades 121 7. Conclusiones 123 8. Anexos 125 8.1 Formato de Envío 125 8.2 Certificado de Origen 126 8.3 Registro Sanitario 128 8.4 Carta de Crédito 129 9. Bibliografía 132 1 Introducción ......................................................................................................................................... 14 2 Objetivos: ............................................................................................................................................. 16 2.1 General: ......................................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Específicos: ................................................................................................................................... 16 3 Resumen Ejecutivo............................................................................................................................... 17 4 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ 18 CAPITULO 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 19 1. LA EMPRESA Y EL PERSONAL CLAVE ................................................................................ 19 1.1 Antecedentes y generalidades de la Empresa ............................................................................ 19 1.2 Planeación Estratégica............................................................................................................... 20 1.2.1 Visión ...................................................................................................................................... 20 1.2.2 Misión ..................................................................................................................................... 20 1.3 Valores y Principios Corporativos ............................................................................................ 20 1.3.1 Valores Corporativos .............................................................................................................. 20 1.4 Análisis DOFA .......................................................................................................................... 22 1.4.1 FO ............................................................................................................................................... 22 1.4.4FA ................................................................................................................................................ 23 1.4.2 DO .............................................................................................................................................. 23 1.4.3 DA .............................................................................................................................................. 23 1.5 Elementos de Identificación .......................................................................................................... 23 1.6 Portafolio de Negocios .............................................................................................................. 24 1.7 Cadena de Valor y Procesos Medulares ........................................................................................ 28 1.8 Organización actual y equipo directivo. Posiciones clave vacantes ......................................... 29 1.9 Procesos Medulares del Are Administrativa: ................................................................................ 29 1.10 Fortalezas y Debilidades ............................................................................................................. 30 CAPITULO 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 31 2 PRODUCTO ........................................................................................................................................ 31 2.1 Definición General y Técnica. ....................................................................................................... 31 2.1.1 Características y generalidades ............................................................................................... 31 2.1.2 Empaque: ................................................................................................................................ 32 2.1.3 Etiquetado: .............................................................................................................................. 33 2.1.4 Descripción del Etiquetado. .................................................................................................... 33 2.1.5 Etiquetado del Producto. ......................................................................................................... 34 2.1.6 Oferta Exportable ....................................................................................................................... 36 2.1.6.1 Volumen .................................................................................................................................. 36 2.1.6.2 Logística .................................................................................................................................. 36 2.1.6.3 Cultura Exportadora ................................................................................................................ 37 2.2 Clasificación Arancelaria de su producto de acuerdo al producto al Sistema armonizado (SA); . 38 2.3 Principales productos competidores directos y/o indirectos o sucedáneos. .................................. 39 2.4 Principales tipos de productos y tipos de mercado. .................................................................. 39 2.5 Normas y controles de calidad ...................................................................................................... 40 2.5.1 Normas y controles de calidad ............................................................................................... 41 2.5.2 Autorización de Comercialización ........................................................................................ 42 2.5.3 Autorización Sanitaria de Planta de Beneficio Animal ......................................................... 42 2.5.4 Resoluciones .......................................................................................................................... 44 2.5.5 Acceso a Mercados Internacionales ...................................................................................... 46 2.5.6 Normas del País de Destino ................................................................................................... 46 2.5.7 Control de Calidad ................................................................................................................. 47 2.5.8 Control de Calidad en el País de Destino .............................................................................. 48 2.6 Tecnología e Investigación y Desarrollo como herramientas para mantener................................ 49 2.6.1 Personal Capacitado ................................................................................................................ 49 2.6.2 Máquina de Cortes .................................................................................................................. 50 2.7 Mantenimiento y respaldo al Producto ...................................................................................... 51 2.8 Costos de fabricación o de adquisición...................................................................................... 51 2.9 Valor para el cliente y ventajas competitivas del producto ........................................................... 53 CAPITULO 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 54 3. SELECCIÓN DEL MERCADO META ...................................................................................... 54 3.1 Situación actual de la Industria o Sector de que se trate: En los ámbitos global, doméstico y en los mercados preseleccionados. ............................................................................................................................ 54 3.1.1 Situación Global ..................................................................................................................... 54 3.1.2 Situación en el Ámbito Doméstico ......................................................................................... 56 3.1.3 Análisis del Sector en los Mercados Preseleccionados. ....................................................... 57 3.1.3.1 Estados Unidos: ....................................................................................................................... 57 3.1.3.3 México: ................................................................................................................................. 59 3.2 Selección del País Meta ................................................................................................................. 60 3.2.1 Preselección del País Meta ......................................................................................................... 60 3.2.2 Determinación de País Meta ....................................................................................................... 62 3.2.2.1 Información Económica .......................................................................................................... 64 3.3 Aspectos cualitativos del mercado. Características y segmentación del mercado. Prácticas comerciales y situación general de precios, canales y promoción. ................................................................. 65 3.4 Aspectos cuantitativos del mercado. Medición y tendencias del consumo y de las importaciones, en valor y/o volumen en los últimos años. ...................................................................................................... 70 3.4.1 Consumo Aparente ..................................................................................................................... 71 3.4.1.1 Tendencias y Perspectivas de Desarrollo.............................................................................. 72 3.4.2 Cuantificación de la demanda ................................................................................................ 73 3.4.2 Cuantificación de la demanda ................................................................................................ 73 3.5 Barreras de acceso al mercado ...................................................................................................... 74 3.5.1 Barreras Arancelarias ................................................................................................................. 74 3.5.2 Barreras No arancelarias ............................................................................................................ 75 3.6 Análisis de la competencia tanto doméstica como internacional. ................................................. 76 3.6.1 Marcas conocidas en Estados unidos ......................................................................................... 77 Capítulo 4 ................................................................................................................................................ 78 4. Aspectos Operacionales ................................................................................................................ 78 4.1 Definición de objetivos y metas en el mercado seleccionado. ...................................................... 78 4.2 Adecuaciones de la mezcla de mercadotecnia............................................................................... 78 4.2.1 P del Producto ........................................................................................................................ 78 4.2.2 P del Precio ............................................................................................................................ 79 4.2.3 P de Plaza............................................................................................................................... 80 4.2.4 P de Promoción ...................................................................................................................... 80 4.3 Estrategia de entrada al mercado. .................................................................................................. 81 4.3 Estrategia de entrada al mercado. .................................................................................................. 81 4.4 INCOTERM .................................................................................................................................. 82 4.4.1 Obligaciones del vendedor o exportador (CPT) ......................................................................... 83 4.4.2 Obligaciones del comprador o importador (CPT) ................................................................. 84 4.4.3 Transferencia de riesgos (CPT) ............................................................................................. 85 4.4.4 Asignación de costes (CPT) .................................................................................................. 85 4.5 Envase y Embalaje .................................................................................................................... 88 4.5.1 Regulaciones de Embalaje y Etiquetado .................................................................................... 88 4.5.2 Entidades Sanitarias de Estados Unidos ................................................................................ 88 4.5.3 Marcado ................................................................................................................................. 90 4.5.4 Empaque ................................................................................................................................ 91 4.5.5 Embalaje ................................................................................................................................ 92 4.5.6 Sistema de Empaque .............................................................................................................. 93 4.6 Plan de Estiba. ............................................................................................................................... 93 4.6.1 Características Técnicas del Empaque .................................................................................. 94 4.6.2 Características Técnicas del Embalaje de Cartón .................................................................. 95 4.6.3 Características Técnicas de Embalaje Terciario .................................................................... 97 4.6.4 Tipos de contenedores .......................................................................................................... 98 4.6.5 Tipos de Contenedores ............................................................................................................... 98 4.7 Transporte y seguros ................................................................................................................... 101 4.8 Plan Operativo. ............................................................................................................................ 104 4.8.1 Proceso Industrial ..................................................................................................................... 105 4.8.2 Proceso Operativo en País de Origen .................................................................................. 106 4.9 Precio de Exportación ................................................................................................................. 106 4.10 Contratos y formas de pago ....................................................................................................... 108 4.11 Programa de actividades a corto plazo ...................................................................................... 109 Capítulo 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 111 5. Aspectos Financieros .................................................................................................................. 111 5.1. Inversiones .............................................................................................................................. 111 5.1.1. Capital de trabajo ................................................................................................................. 112 5.1.2 Inversión fija ............................................................................................................................. 112 5.2. Estructura financiera ............................................................................................................... 114 5.3. Presupuesto de ingresos .......................................................................................................... 115 5.4. Principales razones financieras ............................................................................................... 117 5.5. Punto de equilibrio .................................................................................................................. 118 5.6. Estado de resultados ................................................................................................................ 121 5.7. TIR .......................................................................................................................................... 121 Capítulo 6 .............................................................................................................................................. 122 6. Plan Operativo ............................................................................................................................ 122 6.1 Cronograma de Actividades ........................................................................................................ 122 7. Conclusiones ............................................................................................................................... 124 8. Anexos ........................................................................................................................................ 126 8.1 Formato de Envío ....................................................................................................................... 126 8.2 Certificado de Origen ................................................................................................................. 127 8.3 Registro Sanitario ........................................................................................................................ 129 8.4 Carta de Crédito ........................................................................................................................... 130 9. Bibliografía ................................................................................................................................ 133 3.1.3.2 Canadá: ................................................................................................................................. 58 Pregrado Administrador(a) en Finanzas y Negocios Internacionales

La provincia de Sugamuxi es una de las 15 provincias que hacen parte del departamento de Boyacá, uno de los 32 departamentos de Colombia. Su capital es Sogamoso, el principal centro urbano, comercial, industrial y cultural de la región dividida en 13 municipios. Este sector cuenta con una riqueza cultural, patrimonial, arqueológica y arquitectónica conformada por una reseña de historias, no obstante, esta serie de archivos actualmente se encuentran ubicados en la alcaldía de Sogamoso, lugar que no tiene o no suple las características adecuadas para el cuidado y almacenamiento de estos documentos. Este es uno de los aspectos que se consideran que se puede mejorar y se puede hacer a través de la arquitectura pues para la conservación de éstos documentos es necesario diseñar espacios que responda a las necesidades para el tratamiento y conservación de éste tipo de elementos y documentos históricos. Al analizar la ciudad y determinar sus necesidades se proyecta como equipamiento una biblioteca, un edificio de uso público con funciones culturales, educativas, administrativas, esparcimiento, formación y apoyo a la comunidad, procurando un equilibrio en el ámbito cultural, también se busca responder a la necesidad actual de la falta de un espacio propicio para el almacenamiento y conservación de documentos históricos diseñando un centro de archivo y vinculándolo a la biblioteca. La biblioteca propone espacios pertinentes innovadores para el área de investigación y tecnología con el fin de romper el esquema de una biblioteca tradicional, modificando la forma de gestionar ésta área y las necesidades de los usuarios que cambien día a día sus desarrollos y competencias. Las tendencias tecnológicas marcan nuestro entorno el camino a seguir, razón por la cual es necesario desarrollar su espíritu crítico para evaluar, seleccionar aplicar las nuevas tecnologías acordes a las necesidades y posibilidades de cada área de información. Mediante ésta biblioteca se busca consolidar una red educativa histórica y cultural a nivel nacional generando un sistema interactivo en el cual un usuario en cualquier parte del país podrá tener acceso a ésta serie de documentos históricos investigativos y tecnológicos facilitando así el enriquecimiento cultural a nivel educativo. The Sugamuxi province is one of the 15 provinces that are part of the Boyacá department, one of the 32 departments in Colombia. Its capital is Sogamoso, the main urban, commercial, industrial and cultural center of the region divided into 13 municipalities. This sector has a cultural, patrimonial, archaeological and architectural wealth made up of a review of stories, however, this series of archives is currently located in the Sogamoso city hall, a place that does not have or does not supply the proper characteristics for care. and storage of these documents. This is one of the factors to intervene through architecture because for the conservation of these documents it is necessary to design spaces that respond to the needs for the treatment and conservation of this type of historical elements. When analyzing the city and determining its needs, a library, a public use building with cultural, educational, administrative functions, recreation, training and support to the community are projected as equipment, seeking a balance in the cultural field, it also seeks to respond to the need current lack of a suitable space for the storage and preservation of historical documents by designing an archive and linking it to the library. The library proposes innovative pertinent spaces for the research and technology area in order to break the scheme of a traditional library, modifying the way of managing this area and the needs of the users who change their developments and competences day by day. This library seeks to consolidate a national historical and cultural educational network by generating an interactive system in which a user in any part of the country will have access to this series of historical research and technological documents, thus facilitating cultural enrichment at the educational level. Pregrado

The research was carried out to verify the impact of incorrect care practices on the value of trees. The research was carried out on a fragment of a lime-tree alley, located on a local road connecting Wólka Świątkowa and Krynka in the Lublin province. One side of the alley has been subjected to abnormal cuts, exceeding 50% of the volume of the crown, while the other remains intact. For this purpose, an analysis of the impact of the applied treatments on the condition of trees on the Rollof scale, analysis of life prognoses using the SULE method and the analysis of tree values and the assessment of tree loss as a result of cuts ensuing from the use of incorrect treatments were conducted. The analyses confirmed that the use of incorrect cuts contributed to the decline in the value of trees. The loss is so large that 1/3 of damaged trees have no chance for long and safe; moreover, these trees have lost 68% of their value.

Solving eddy current problems formulated by using a magnetic scalar potential in the insulator requires a topological pre-processing to find the so-called first cohomology basis of the insulating region, which may be very time-consuming for challenging industrially driven problems. The physics-inspired Dlotko–Specogna (DS) algorithm was shown to be superior to alternatives in performing such a topological pre-processing. Yet, the DS algorithm is particularly fast when it produces as output not a regular cohomology basis but a so-called lazy one, which contains the regular one but it keeps also some additional redundant elements. Having a regular basis may be advantageous over the lazy basis if a technique to produce it would take about the same time as the computation of a lazy basis. In the literature, such a technique is missing. This paper covers this gap by introducing modifications to the DS algorithm to compute a regular basis of the first cohomology group in practically the same time as the generation of a lazy cohomology basis. The speedup of this modified DS algorithm with respect to the best alternative reaches more than two orders of magnitudes on challenging benchmark problems. This demonstrates the potential impact of the proposed contribution in the low-frequency computational electromagnetics community and beyond.

Se analizó la variación de pH existente entre el punto testigo (músculo largo dorsal), a la altura de la 12a. vértebra dorsal, para U. E. y 9a . vértebra dorsal en Cortes Kosher, y cada uno de los diferentes cortes (nueve en total) que se obtienen del cuarto delantero del vacuno. Para realizar las determinaciones se utilizaron cuartos delanteros enfriados (convenio Israelí - Argentino 7° C. en 24 hs.) y cuartos delanteros y traseros madurados de acuerdo a la forma tradicional (24 a 48 hs. a temperatura de cámara entre 2° C y 4° C). Se determinó el pH en los cortes previo al ingreso a despostada y posterior al enjuague final no observándose diferencia en los valores obtenidos, se realizó un número significativo de mediciones, a los fines de aplicar el método estadístico para gran cantidad de muestras, distribución normal (curva de Gauss). Se observaron variaciones del pH de los cortes enfriados (Israel) y madurados (U. E.), aproximadamente 0,3 upH. En ciertos cortes el pH no es constante apreciándose que los músculos flexores en brazuelo, cogote y garrón, tienen un pH mayor (más de 6 upH.), el congelamiento y descongelamiento posterior no cambia estos valores. Se pudo concluir que el pH no es constante en todos los cortes. En algunos cortes es diferente de acuerdo al músculo considerado, esto tiene suma importancia en el brazuelo, cogote y garrón en donde los músculos flexores, por su actividad y/o relación tejido conectivo / tejido muscular, no logran pH menores de 6 upH, independientemente de enfriado o forma de maduración., The current work analized of the pH variation, at the level of the 12a dorsal vertebra for the U. E., 9 a dorsal vertebra for Kosher cuts and all the diferent cuts (nine at total) obte'üled from the front quaters bovines. For determination were used cooled quaters of bovines, convention Israel - Argentina ( 7 "C in 24 Hs.) and back quartes maturated in traditional form ( 24 at 48 Hs. at the temperature of camera between 2 "C and 4°C). It was determinated the pH in the cuts after the entrance to despostes and sukequently at find rinse, they were not observed variations at the values obteined. It was made several determinations for aplications atatisticmethods to many samples, normal distribution (Gauss). They were observed pH variation from cooled cuts (Israel) and maturated cuts (U. E.) near 0,3 upH. In someone cuts the pH is not constant, there observed the flexor muscles in shin, neck and shank base a greater pH., (more than 6 upH); the congelation and descongelation no make variations. As the result of pH in not constant in every cuts, the defference deppend at the considerated muscle very important in shin, neck and shank were the flexors muscle in accord depending of the activity and or relation between conectiv tissue, the ph meditions were not minor at 6 uph, independent1y of cooled or maduration procedures., Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

En Colombia la producción de carne bovina es realizada en varios agroecosistemas que muestran una gran variedad de tipologías de producción orientadas a la obtención de un producto ajustado a los requerimientos del mercado. En este contexto y en el primer capítulo se evaluaron los sistemas de producción de doble propósito-ciclo completo y levante y ceba localizados en el Trópico de Altura Colombiano en condiciones de finca, a través de la caracterización estructural y funcional de su producción. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar los rasgos estructurales y funcionales de las fincas con una tendencia observada para las variables área total en pastos (ATP, 39.81 ha vs 25.29 ha, P0.06) y machos ceba (MC, 23.51 vs 16.38 animales P0.10). Con el fin de mejorar la representatividad de los pequeños productores en la muestra de fincas en cada sistema de producción se tomó como criterio el área de la finca (TF) donde se observaron efectos sobre las variables estructurales: área total en pastos (ATP,P0,0001) número de potreros (NP,P0,0002), machos en ceba (MC,P0,0001) y las variables funcionales: unidades funcionales (UF,P0,0399) y unidades de trabajo (UTAS,P0,0041) para fincas mayores de 40 Ha, mientras el área de pastos (AP) fue mayor en fincas entre 1-20 hectáreas (P0,0047). En un segundo capítulo se exploraron factores relacionados con atributos de calidad y valor agregado de la carne bovina en términos de composición proximal y concentración de ácidos grasos tales como: el sistema de producción, el tipo de pastoreo, el biotipo animal y el corte, en condiciones del Trópico de Altura (altitudes entre 1800 y 3300 msnm) y en el contexto del primer estudio. En este segundo estudio se pondera la concentración de ácidos grasos, grupos de ácidos grasos esenciales y sus relaciones bajo el enfoque de su importancia para la nutrición y alimentación de los humanos. Los resultados permitieron referenciar de acuerdo a la composición proximal, la carne bovina estudiada como magra, debido a los valores bajos de lípidos en su composición ( 5%). A nivel de ácidos grasos, se encontraron efectos del sistema de producción y el tipo de pastoreo sobre la concentración del ácido graso esteárico. El biotipo animal, la condición sexual y el corte también tuvieron influencia sobre algunos ácidos grasos de interés funcional. La concentración de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados presentó valores superiores a los reportados para carne bovina en otras latitudes, esto asociado a la altitud. Finalmente la relación n6/n3 fue cercana a los valores estándares recomendados para nutrición humana. Abstract: In Colombia, the production of beef meat is carried out in several agro-ecosystems that show a great variety of production typologies oriented mainly to obtain a product adjusted to the requirements of the local and regional market. In this context, in a first chapter, two cattle production systems were evaluated: the double-purpose -complete cycle system and the system of raising and fattening of animals for slaughter. These systems are located in the Colombian Altitude region and the evaluations were carried out under farm conditions, through the structural and functional characterization of their production. The results showed the structural and functional features of the farms, with a trend observed for the variables: total area in pastures (ATP, 39.81 ha vs 25.29 ha, P 0.06) and fattened males (MC, 23.51 vs 16.38 animals, P 0.10) for the system of raising and fattening of animals for slaughter (TPLC) and dual-purpose system-complete cycle (DPCC), respectively. In order to improve the representativeness of the small producers in the sample of farms in each production system, the farm area (TF) was taken as a criterion. We observed effects on the structural variables: total area in pastures (ATP, P0.0001 number of pastures (NP, P0.0002), males in fattening (MC, P 0.0001) and functional variables: weight capacity (CC, P0.0399) and work units (UTAS, P0.0041) for farms over 40 ha, while pasture area (PA) was higher in farms between 1:20 hectares (P 0.0047), In a second chapter, the factors related to attributes of quality and added value of beef meat were explored in terms of proximal composition and concentration of fatty acids such as: the production system, the type of grazing, the animal biotype and the cut in conditions of the Colombian Altitude Region (altitudes between 1800 and 3300 msnm) in the context of the first study. In this second study, the concentration of fatty acids, groups of essential fatty acids and their relationships were weighted according to their importance for the nutrition and feeding of humans. The results allowed to refer to beef meat according to the proximal composition as lean, due to the low lipid values in its composition ( 5%). At the level of fatty acids, we find influences of the production system and the type of grazing on the concentration of stearic fatty acid. The animal biotype, the sexual condition and the cut also had influence on some fatty acids of functional interest. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids showed higher values than those reported for beef meat in other latitudes, which was associated with altitude. Finally, the n6 / n3 ratio was close to the recommended standard values for consumers Maestría

Background Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is the second most common peripheral neuropathy in the United States. All three current surgical treatment approaches, consisting of in situ decompression, medial epicondylectomy, and transposition, require large curvilinear incisions and dissections that cross the medial epicondyle. However, the use of a large curvilinear incision may not be necessary for in situ decompression and may be achieved with small incisions proximal and distal to the medial epicondyle. This may limit the risk of peri-incisional pain and numbness, similar to the benefits provided by endoscopy. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate a minimally invasive tunneling approach for in situ ulnar nerve decompression utilizing 2 cm incisions proximal and distal to the medial epicondyle. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for patients at Emory University Hospital with CuTS who underwent minimally invasive tunneling for in situ decompression. Seven cases were identified. Patient demographics and data on post-operative complications were collected. Pre-operative severity was graded as a Modified McGowan severity. The primary outcome was evaluated using the post-surgical Messina Criterion. Secondary outcomes were reports of peri-incisional pain or numbness evaluated at follow-up. Descriptive statistics are presented. Results Pre-operatively, one of the seven cases was Grade I McGowan and the remaining six were Grade 2a or 2b. Post-operatively, on the Messina Criterion, four of seven patients were rated as having "Good" outcomes, two of seven had "Fair", while one of seven had "Poor." There was one post-operative surgical site infection. Among the other six cases, there were no reports of peri-incisional pain or numbness. Conclusions The use of less-invasive tunneling approach to in situ decompression yielded positive outcomes in this case series with no reports of peri-incisional pain or numbness. A prospective trial may be useful to explore the theoretical benefits of this novel tunneling approach.

There are two ways of solving eddy current problems with an edge element $h$ -conforming formulation in the case of non-simply-connected conductors: first employs a “fake” artificial conductivity in part of the insulator. Second uses the cohomology theory to define a scalar magnetic potential in the whole insulator. This contribution provides, for the first time, a thorough comparison between these methods. We concentrate on the accuracy and computational effort required to solve a problem using both of the two methods.

Derome skog råvaruförsörjer fem sågverk i en tuff bransch med hård konkurrens. För att öka konkurrenskraften skall de testa värdehöjande avkap. Värdehöjande avkap innebär att kvalitetsfel kapas bort direkt i skogen av skördarföraren. Detta skall förutom ökande konkurrenskraft leda till högre timmerandel, mindre vrakandel, mer timmer snabbare och säkrare arbetsmiljö för entreprenörer som minimerar det manuella arbetet i skogen. Syftet är att undersöka om värdehöjande avkap ger en värdeökning samt att se vilka variabler som har störst betydelse för eventuell värdeökning. Data samlades in från en fältundersökning samt skördarens HPR- filer för att sammanställas via programmet Virkesvärde. Resultatet visade att användningen av värdehöjande avkap gav en positiv värdeökning. I fältundersökningen visades en 35 % värdeökning där värdehöjande avkap användes. Och via Virkesvärde visades en 43 % värdeökning i de fall där värdehöjande avkap förekom. Slutsatsen blev att begreppet värdehöjande avkap blev en värdehöjande handling samt att två variabler hade störst betydelse på värdeökningen, diameter samt kvalitetsklassen. Derome forest´s main task is to provide five sawmills in the Derome Group´s industries with raw material from timber. To increase timber exchange from the forest they want to test value-adding cuts direct in to the forest. Value-adding cuts means that the harvester cuts off quality defects that lowers the value of the tree. Such quality defects is rot, buttress or crook. In this case, Derome forest wants to increase timber proportion, reduce wasted log, better timber quality and less disruptions at their industries. The purpose with this study is to investigate if the concept with value-adding cuts increases the value on individual logs and further increases all harvest. To investigate the value-adding cuts a quantitative method in shape of a field investigation was used to provide different data about the tree when value-adding cuts was applied. Except for the field investigation a program developed by Skogforsk called Virkesvärde was used to analyze the whole logging operation. The study was delimit to esclusively manage tree species used in Derome Group´s sawmills, spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris).In those cases where value-adding cuts were applied during the field investigation an average value increase was made with 39 SEK/tree and 35 % on the first stock. There is obvious connections between diameter, timber class and increase of value. A new timber proportion with 42,6 m3fub or 1,4 % was created from the analysis in Virkesvärde for the whole cutting operation. The value increase of the cutting operation was 43 % on the first stock on the trees where value-adding cut was applied. Price lists for different assortments from Derome forest was used in the calculations. In the field investigation there was value increases on lumps up to 18 dm. Only when the quality defects did not disappear the cut was unsuccessful. The result of the study gave a clear answer that value-adding cuts really was a value-adding action.

Électre est l’apogée d’une conception du « théâtre de texte » qui lui vaut aujourd’hui d’être boudée par les grandes scènes françaises. L’étude porte sur le spectacle dirigé en 1996 par Claudia Morin, envisagé comme le reflet des principales tendances des mises en scène contemporaines, et montre par quelles inventions, renoncements ou compromis il parvient à faire vivre l’œuvre de Giraudoux et voit dans un certain traitement de ses « tunnels » l’horizon le plus prometteur pour sa survie à la scène., Électre marks the culmination of a certain conception of the “theater of the text,” with the result that it is largely rejected by the major contemporary French theaters. The present study considers the production staged in 1996 by Claudia Morin, which was conceived as a reflection of the main tendencies of contemporary theatrical production. We demonstrate the inventions, renunciations, and compromises used by this production to bring Giraudoux’s play to life, and we consider this production’s handling of the play’s difficulties to be the most promising approach for the future of Giraudoux’s work in the theater.

Spain has had to overcome many difficulties to reach similar levels of progress to its community partners, in fact at certain moments the road has been made without a travel partner due to international isolation as a consequence of a political regime without democratic guarantees for decades. We will have to wait until the Constitution of 1978 and the incorporation into the European Economic Community in 1986 for the welfare state to materialize. Growth will continue until 2007 with more than 20 million active workers, with unemployment falling to 8.26%, at which time progress levels will be reached very similar to those of its neighbors in the European Union. But, this pattern has been reversed, the Spanish economy has been immersed in recent years in a recessive cycle as a result of a global crisis, lacking the necessary mechanisms to face this period of instability, increasing alarmingly the people in risk of poverty and social exclusion. España para alcanzar niveles de progreso similares a sus socios comunitarios ha tenido que sortear numerosas dificultades, de hecho, en determinados momentos el camino se ha efectuado sin compañero de viaje debido al aislamiento internacional como consecuencia de un régimen político sin garantías democráticas durante décadas. Habrá que esperar hasta la Constitución de 1978 y la incorporación en la Comunidad Económica Europea en 1986 para que se materialice el Estado de Bienestar. El crecimiento se mantendrá sostenido hasta 2007 con más de 20 millones de trabajadores en activo, descendiendo el paro hasta el 8,26%, momento en el que se alcanzarán niveles de progreso muy similares a las de sus vecinos de la Unión Europea. Pero este patrón se ha invertido, la economía española se ha visto imbuida en estos últimos años en un ciclo recesivo como consecuencia de una crisis global, careciendo de los mecanismos necesarios para afrontar este período de inestabilidad, aumentando de manera alarmante las personas en riesgo de pobreza y exclusión social.

В статье рассматриваются процессы колебания уровня озера Ильмень, происходившие во II тыс. до н.э. – I тыс. н.э. Новгородской экспедицией ИИМК РАН в последние годы было сделано несколько пойменных разрезов в окрестностях Новгорода. Разрезы обеспечены археологическими находками и радиоуглеродными датировками, что позволяет предложить откорректированную версию динамики уровня Ильменя за последние 3000 лет. В частности, установлено, что в период VIII–IX вв. уровень Ильменя и Волхова в его истоках был ниже современного не менее чем на 2 м. Из этого следует важный исторический вывод: населению, обитавшему на Ильмене во второй половине I тыс. н.э., были доступны огромные площади угодий, на которых после спада вод ладожской трансгрессии в первой половине I тыс. н.э. сформировались легкие и плодородные почвы на озерных отложениях. На протяжении IX–XI вв. по целому ряду источников фиксируется подъем уровня воды в озере примерно до современных отметок., The processes of fluctuation of level of the Lake Ilmen happening in the II thousand BC – the I thousand AD are examined in article. Several floodplain cuts in the neighborhood of Novgorod were made by the Novgorod expedition of IIMK RAS in recent years. Cuts are provided with archeological finds and radiocarbon datings that allows to offer the revised version of dynamics of level of Ilmen for the last 3000 years. In particular, it is established that during the 8–9th centuries the level of Ilmen and Volkhov in its origins was lower than at present not less than 2 m. This leads to an important historical conclusion: the huge areas of grounds on which after recession of waters of the Ladoga transgression in the first half of the I thousand AD light and fertile soils on lake deposits were formed, were available to the population living on Ilmen in the second half of the I thousand AD. During the IX–XI centuries on a number of sources rise of water level in the lake to approximately modern levels is fixed.

60 p., This work specifies the tasks and activities carried out in the business internship carried out by civil engineering student MAYRA ALEJANDRA JAIMES ÁVILA in the company CMR INGENIERÍA Y PROYECTOS S.AS, in the construction of the "BBY" highway "Bucaramanga-Barrancabermeja-Yondó. The development of the internship was based on administrative activities such as the revision of plans, technical specifications, calculation of quantities of work, analysis of unit prices, cuts of work, budget. In addition, the monitoring of the personal field and the control of the machinery are necessary for the execution of the works. As regards the field work, the following stand out: Supervision and control of the works that are carried out, such as, Sewers, Control box, Military bridge steps, Containment structures, The rules of use in the collection of materials in the plant. Concrete, Beams head; Verifying compliance with plans and technical specifications. A significant aspect for the practice is the leadership in each one of the fronts of work reason why it is put to the test the capacities that must be had in the handling and the control of the personal contacts to the company not only in the office but in the field, where technical and administrative decisions were made, especially with the tasks that guaranteed the development of the work, and not only in the quality but also in the investment and the programmed time., En el presente trabajo se especifican las labores y actividades realizadas en la pasantía empresarial llevada a cabo por la estudiante de ingeniería civil MAYRA ALEJANDRA JAIMES ÁVILA en la empresa CMR INGENIERÍA Y PROYECTOS S.AS, en la construcción de la autopista “BBY” Bucaramanga-Barrancabermeja-Yondó. El desarrollo de la pasantía se basó en actividades administrativas tales como la revisión de planos, especificaciones técnicas, cálculo de cantidades de obra, análisis de precios unitarios, cortes de obra, presupuesto. Además del seguimiento del personal de campo y del control de la maquinaria necesaria en la ejecución de las obras. En cuanto a las labores de campo sobresalen las siguientes: Supervisión y control de las obras que se realizan como, Alcantarillas, Box coulvert, Estribos de puentes militares, estructuras de contención, losas utilizadas para el acopio de materiales en planta de concreto, vigas cabezal; Verificando el cumplimiento de los planos y las especificaciones técnicas. Un aspecto significativo para el practicante es el liderazgo en cada uno de los frentes de trabajo por cuanto se pone a prueba las capacidades que se debe tener en el manejo y control del personal vinculado a la empresa no solamente en la oficina sino en campo, donde se tomaron decisiones de tipo técnico y administrativo, especialmente con iniciativas criteriosas que garantizaron el cabal de desarrollo de la obra, no solamente en la calidad sino también en la inversión y el tiempo programado., Pregrado, Ingeniero(a) Civil, RESUMEN. .......................................................................................................................................... 10 ABSTRACT. ........................................................................................................................................ 11 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................................... 12 1. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................................ 13 1.1 Objetivo general. .......................................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Objetivos específicos. ................................................................................................................... 13 2. MARCO TEÓRICO .................................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Datos generales de la empresa................................................................................................. 14 2.2 Marco conceptual ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 Tipos de obras de drenaje y estructuras. ................................................................................. 15 2.2.2 Definiciones. ......................................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Marco Legal ................................................................................................................................. 17 3. METODOLOGÍA ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.1 Generalidades y descripción de los proyectos ............................................................................... 19 3.2 DESCRIPCIÓN PROYECTO NO. 1......................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 Objeto y descripción .............................................................................................................. 21 3.2.2 Localización .......................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.3 Actividades administrativas del proyecto No.1 ................................................................ 22 3.2.4 Actividades de campo del proyecto No. 1 ........................................................................ 33 3.2.5 Imprevistos del Proyecto No.1 ........................................................................................ 44 3.3 DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROYECTO NO. 2 ................................................................................ 44 3.3.1 Objeto y descripción. ............................................................................................................. 44 3.3.2 Localización del proyecto ...................................................................................................... 45 3.3.3 Actividades administrativas del proyecto No. 2 ...................................................................... 46 3.3.4 actividades de campo del proyecto No. 2 ............................................................................... 48 3.3.5 Imprevistos del proyecto No.2 ............................................................................................... 51 3.4 OTRAS LABORES DE LA PASANTE ..................................................................................... 52 3.4.1 Control de maquinaria. .......................................................................................................... 52 3.4.2 Reportes Diarios de obra ........................................................................................................ 54 3.4.3 Proformas de obras externas del Proyecto No. 1 y Proyecto No.2 ........................................... 54 4. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS ................................................................................................... 56 5. RELACIONES INTERPERSONALES....................................................................................... 58 6. CONCLUSIONES ........................................................................................................................ 59 7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ........................................................................................................................ 60, Ej. 1

Este artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre cómo el cuerpo masacrado ha sido configurado como imagen propia de una emblemática en la que tanto el cuerpo de las víctimas como el de los victimarios son inscritos en un régimen ético de acciones y prácticas con significativas implicaciones de orden político. This paper offers a reflection on how massacred body has been configured as an image of an emblematic, in which both victims and killers’ bodies are inscribed in an ethical regime of actions and practices with important implications of political order. Este artigo oferece uma reflexão sobre como o corpora massacrado foi configurado como imagem própria de uma emblemática na qual tanto o corpo das vítimas quanto o dos vitimizadores são inscritos em um regime ético de ações e práticas com implicações significativas de ordem política.

Predpostavimo, da je naš namen prenesti nek material od izvora do ponora preko vozlišč. Na naši poti imamo povezave, ki imajo maksimalno kapaciteto. Naš cilj je ugotoviti, največ koliko materiala lahko prenesemo od izvora do ponora, brez da bi kršili kapacitetne omejitve. Reševanje tega problema je bilo sprva možno s splošnimi tehnikami linearnega programiranja, kasneje pa so se začeli razvijati številni drugi algoritmi. Nekateri izmed njih uporabljajo pristope in metode, ki so zanimivi s teoretičnega vidika, drugi pa so primernejši za uporabo v praksi. Cilji diplomskega dela so predstavitev glavnih idej teh algoritmov, njihova analiza in prikaz nekaterih praktičnih primerov. Želimo ugotoviti, kateri algoritem je trenutno najhitrejši. Let us assume that it is our intention to transfer material from source to sink through the nodes of a graph. Each edge has a certain capacity. Our goal is to determine how much material can be transferred from the source to the sink without violating the capacity limit. Initially basic linear programming techniques were used to solve this problem, but later many other algorithms were discovered. Some of them use approaches and methods that are interesting from a theoretical point of view, while others are more suitable for practical use. The aims of the thesis are the presentation of these algorithms, their analysis and the display of basic examples. We want to figure out which algorithm is currently the fastest in solving this problem.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the allometric growth, the correlation of the cuts with the half carcasses, and the muscularity index of the leg of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs slaughtered with 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs were used, being distributed according to their weight into three collective pens. Slaughtering occurred as the lambs reached the SFT predetermined by ultrasound. The half carcasses were weighed, dissected, and separated into five cuts: neck, shoulders, rib, loin, and leg. These cuts were dissected and weighed into muscle, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and bone. In the shoulders, lambs with 2.0 and 4.0 mm SFT showed early growth. In the rib, this early precocity was observed in lambs with 4.0 mm SFT. The leg showed isogonic growth in lambs with 3.0 and 4.0 mm SFT and was the cut that best correlated with the half carcass, regardless of the SFT. The slaughter of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs with 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat allows obtaining a better allometric growth of the shoulder, rib, and leg cuts, as well as a better leg muscularity index. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento alométrico, a correlação dos cortes com as meia-carcaças e o índice de musculosidade da perna de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês abatidos com 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS). Utilizaram-se 24 cordeiros machos, não castrados, distribuídos de acordo com seu peso, em três baias coletivas. Os abates ocorreram à medida que os cordeiros atingiram a EGS pré-determinada por ultrassonografia. As meia-carcaças foram pesadas, dissecadas e separadas em cinco cortes: pescoço, paleta, costilhar, lombo e perna. Estes cortes foram dissecados e pesados em músculo, gordura subcutânea, gordura intermuscular e osso. Na paleta, cordeiros com 2,0 e 4,0 mm de EGS mostraram crescimento precoce. No costilhar, observou-se essa precocidade em cordeiros com 4,0 mm de EGS. A perna mostrou crescimento isogônico em cordeiros com 3,0 e 4,0 mm de EGS e foi o corte que melhor correlacionou-se com a meia-carcaça, independentemente da EGS. O abate de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês com 4,0 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea permite obter melhor crescimento alométrico dos cortes paleta, costilhar e perna, bem como melhor índice de musculosidade da perna. To Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), for partial financing (Finance Code 001); to Programa de Estímulo à Mobilidade e ao Aumento da Cooperação Acadêmica da Pós- Graduação em Sergipe (Promob), for support (Capes/ Fapitec/SE numbers 08/2013 and 10/2016); and to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), for financial support. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

U radu je izvršen proračun stabilnosti i zaštite kosina na dionici pristupnog puta VE Mesihovina. Proračun je rađen u programu Geostudio (Geo-Slope International Ltd. Calgary, Kanada), uz usvajanje metode Spencera. Nakon izračuna usvojen je tip zaštite koji se koristi u cilju zašite kosina od lokalnih utjecaja., In the paper, calculation of stability and protection of slopes on a section of the WF Mesihovina access road was performed. The calculation was carried out in the software Geostudio (Geo-Slope International Ltd. Calgary, Canada) with adoption of the Spencer method. After the calculation, the type of protection that is used for protection of slopes from local effects was adopted.

International audience; In this chapter, we propose a mathematical and epistemological study about two classical constructions of the real number system, by Dedekind (cuts) and Cantor (Cauchy sequences), and the associated proofs of its completeness. In addition, we present two contrasting constructions leaning on decimal expansions. Our analysis points out that Dedekind’s construction fosters a conceptualization of the real numbers leaning strongly on the total ordering of Q and R, while putting aside the metrical aspects. By contrast, the more intricate construction through Cauchy sequences calls on complex objects, but yields to a better understanding of the topological relationship between rational and real numbers. We argue that suitable considerations of decimal expansions and of approximation issues enable to connect and complement those two approaches. These analyses highlight the dialectical interplay between syntax and semantics, and the crucial role of the definitions of objects at play in proof and proving. The general didactical issue pertains to the potential contribution of analyzing proofs as a means for deepening the understanding of the related objects and of their ensuing conceptualization. We hypothesize that doing so with Dedekind’s cuts, Cauchy sequences and decimal expansions open paths towards improving the conceptualization of the real numbers, by taking into account the triad discreteness/density/ continuity.

We study the problem of finding large cuts in $d$-regular triangle-free graphs. In prior work, Shearer (1992) gives a randomised algorithm that finds a cut of expected size $(1/2 + 0.177/\sqrt{d})m$, where $m$ is the number of edges. We give a simpler algorithm that does much better: it finds a cut of expected size $(1/2 + 0.28125/\sqrt{d})m$. As a corollary, this shows that in any $d$-regular triangle-free graph there exists a cut of at least this size. Our algorithm can be interpreted as a very efficient randomised distributed algorithm: each node needs to produce only one random bit, and the algorithm runs in one synchronous communication round. This work is also a case study of applying computational techniques in the design of distributed algorithms: our algorithm was designed by a computer program that searched for optimal algorithms for small values of $d$., 1+17 pages, 8 figures

We consider the problem of firefighting to save a critical subset of nodes. The firefighting game is a turn-based game played on a graph, where the fire spreads to vertices in a breadth-first manner from a source, and firefighters can be placed on yet unburnt vertices on alternate rounds to block the fire. In this work, we consider the problem of saving a critical subset of nodes from catching fire, given a total budget on the number of firefighters. We show that the problem is para-NP-hard when parameterized by the size of the critical set. We also show that it is fixed-parameter tractable on general graphs when parameterized by the number of firefighters. We also demonstrate improved running times on trees and establish that the problem is unlikely to admit a polynomial kernelization (even when restricted to trees). Our work is the first to exploit the connection between the firefighting problem and the notions of important separators and tight separator sequences. Finally, we consider the spreading model of the firefighting game, a closely related problem, and show that the problem of saving a critical set parameterized by the number of firefighters is W[2]-hard, which contrasts our FPT result for the non-spreading model., by Jayesh Choudhari and Anirban Dasgupta and Neeldhara Misra and M. S. Ramanujan

Extracts of roots, stem, bark, leaves and sap of some medicinal plants have been known to have effect against the most dreaded pathogenic organism like the bacteria, Fungi, viruses (Russel et al, 1997). Soldiers need training, men and women do engage in exercises, children play in the field, most times people are not allowed to partake in their trainings, exercises or play due to bleeding from minor injuries which could be arrested using simple remedies from plants that could be found around the bush. Hence the effect of pawpaw (Carica papaya) latex on the haemostatic mechanism and biochemical profile of male albino wistar rats was studied to show the ability ofCarica papayalatex to enhance haemostatic mechanism and stop bleeding. Forty (40) male albino rats weighing 200-250g were selected for the study. Group 1 (10 rats) is the control group. Group 2 (10 rats) received topical application of the latex after wound laceration, Group 3 (10 rats) was fed orally (Enteral) with the latex for 5 days, while Group 4 (10 rats) was injected (Parenteral) with the latex (0.5ml) for 5 days. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from Groups 1, 3 and 4 for analysis such as Full blood count, Platelet count, Prothrombin time test, Partial thromboplastin time test, bleeding time, clotting time, biochemical test such as serum total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatise, aspartate transaminase and alanin transaminase. Calcium and alkaloids (protein precipitates) was discovered present in the latex ofCarica papaya. They are known to be involved in the precipitation of coagulation factors (Tafeeq, et al 2008) which promotes clotting in rats. The latex ofCarica papayareduced haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and white blood cell count significantly (p

International audience

When solving eddy-current problems containing topologically non-trivial conductors with formulations using the magnetic scalar potential in the insulators, cohomology is recognized to be the only safe tool to obtain a well posed problem. This paper presents an efficient implementation of the recently introduced DS algorithm to compute the first lazy cohomology group generators of a tetrahedral mesh. The code will be available for download on request for non-profit use. Secondly, for the first time, the computational time required by the proposed toolbox for the topological pre-processing is compared with another freely available alternative on the same input mesh.

This paper extends the T-Ω formulation for eddy currents based on higher order hierarchical basis functions so that it can deal with conductors of arbitrary topology. To this aim we supplement the classical hierarchical basis functions with non-local basis functions spanning the first de Rham cohomology group of the insulating region. Such non-local basis functions may be efficiently found in negligible time with the recently introduced DS algorithm.

Objective: To study the ethnomedicinal uses by the Kuruma tribals for discovering new drugs to cure cuts and wounds so as to provid the data scientifically evaluated. Methods: A survey was conducted during May 2008–September 2009 to collect information on medicinal plants used by the Kuruma tribes and queries were made on the various species of plants used regularly and occasionally to cure cuts and wounds. Results: The present study includes information on 34 plant species belonging to 32 genera and 25 families used by Kuruma tribe of Wayanad district of Kerala for the treatment of cuts and wounds. Conclusions: The present study of the knowledge on the folklore uses of the medicinal plants used by Kuruma tribes leads to effective utilization of herbal medicines in the future.