Search

Background: Male involvement in family planning (FP) is most often associated with better health outcomes for the family. This study assessed male involvement in FP at Fadan Kamantan, a rural community in Zango Kataf Local Government Area of Kaduna State, North Western Nigeria. Methods: This was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 166 married men selected using multi-staged sampling technique. A set of structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information from the respondents. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS version 23.0 and STATA/SE 12. The level of statistical significance was set at p

Objective: This study tests the effects of work-family conflict, in both directions, on partners' agreement on fertility preferences among dual-earner couples, as well as whether this relationship varies by women's employment status. Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between work-family conflict and fertility preferences. Given the high percentages of women working part-time in Germany, it is important to investigate the role working women’s employment status plays to further understand this relationship. Method: Using data from 716 dual-earner couples in Wave 10 of the German Family Panel (pairfam), we use dyadic data analysis to test whether work-family conflict impacts one’s own ("actor effects") and/or one’s partner’s ("partner effects") reports of agreement on fertility preferences. We also run multi-group analyses to compare whether these effects vary in "full-time dual-earner" versus "modernized male breadwinner" couples. Results: There are significant actor effects for family-to-work conflict in both types of couples, and for work-to-family conflict in modernized male breadwinner couples only. Partner effects for family-to-work conflict exist only among modernized male breadwinner couples. While there are no gender differences in actor or partner effects, results suggest differences in the partner effect (for family-to-work conflict only) between these two couple types. Conclusion: These findings indicate that work-family conflict is associated with greater partner disagreement on fertility preferences and highlight the differential impact incompatible work and family responsibilities have on fertility decisions when women work full-time versus part-time. Fragestellung: Die Studie untersucht die Auswirkungen des work-family conflict auf die Einigkeit der Partner im Hinblick auf die Anzahl gemeinsamer Kinder in Doppelverdiener-Paaren und ob dieser Zusammenhang vom Erwerbsstatus der Frau abhängt. Hintergrund: Der Zusammenhang zwischen work-family conflict und dem Kinderwunsch wurde bisher kaum untersucht. Da ein hoher Anteil der Frauen in Deutschland teilzeitbeschäftigt ist, sollte der Erwerbsstatus von Frauen berücksichtigt werden, um den Zusammenhang besser zu verstehen. Methode: Mit dyadischen Analysen wurde für 716 Doppelverdiener-Paare aus der 10. Welle des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels (pairfam) untersucht, inwiefern der work-family conflict sich auf die eigene („Akteureffekt“) Bewertung und/oder auf die des Partners ("Partnereffekt") bezüglich der Einigkeit im Hinblick auf die Anzahl der gewünschten Kinder auswirkt. Mit einer Mehrgruppenanalyse wurde außerdem untersucht, ob sich diese Effekte unterscheiden zwischen Paaren, in denen beide Partner in Vollzeit arbeiten und Paaren, in denen der Mann in Vollzeit und die Frau in Teilzeit arbeitet. Ergebnisse: Für beide Paarformen gibt es signifikante Akteurseffekte des family-to-work conflict, des work-to-family conflict jedoch nur bei Paaren des modernisierten Ernährermodells. Partnereffekte von family-to-work conflict lassen sich nur in den Paaren des modernisierten Ernährermodells identifizieren. Während es keine Geschlechterunterschiede in Akteurs- oder Partnereffekten gibt, deuten die Ergebnisse auf Unterschiede im Partner-Effekt (nur für family-to-work conflict) zwischen den beiden Paarformen an. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass work-family conflict mit Unterschieden zwischen Partnern bezüglich der gewünschten Kinderanzahl zusammenhängen und dass die widersprüchlichen Anforderungen zwischen Arbeit und Familienleben sich auf den Kinderwunsch auswirkt, wenn Frauen in Vollzeit statt Teilzeit arbeiten.

To address low family planning (FP) use and high unmet need in West Africa, attention has been paid to addressing FP-related social networks and norms. Most work focuses on women. This analysis assesses men's FP-related social networks and norms and their relation to FP use in Benin using data from baseline surveys from the Tékponon Jikuagou intervention. We descriptively analysed men's egocentric FP-related social networks and norms at the village level. Multivariable logistic regression analyses (

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of family planning in Morong, Rizal, and the most commonly used method as well as determine whether the utilization of family planning has significant differences in terms of the respondents’ profile like age, sex, residence, length of relationship, and monthly family income. This study used a quantitative design that utilized a content-validated questionnaire to determine prevalence of the use of family planning, the most commonly used family planning methods, and the significant difference in the use of family planning methods in terms of the respondents’ profile. The study was conducted among the eight barangays of Morong, Rizal, with 228 respondents. Random sampling method was utilized to select the respondents from the population size which are couples with families as they are the most suited for the study. The findings from the study indicated that 177 (77.63%) out of 228 respondents, or the majority of the population, use family planning techniques. With 79 (44.63%) out of 177 respondents who utilized family planning methods, pills were the most frequently utilized. It was determined that there are significant differences in the use of family planning in terms of the respondents' monthly family income. There is a high utilization rate of family planning methods among couples in Morong, Rizal, with pills being the most commonly used method. Furthermore, there are no significant differences in the use of family planning in terms of the respondents' age, sex, residence, and length of relationship. However, there is a significant difference in terms of the respondents' monthly family income.

Les politiques de planning familial et de lutte contre le mariage précoce sur des sites de réfugiés éveillent bien souvent des préoccupations. Dans cet article, nous questionnons à partir de la théorie du choc culturel et de la perception de l’autre, la pertinence de ces politiques, en rapport avec les façons de faire des populations/bénéficiaires sur des sites de réfugiés de l’Est-Cameroun. Nous nous y penchons spécifiquement, non pas dans une perspective de droits de l’homme, ni même de l’impact de celles-ci sur la santé génésique, mais sur la liberté d’autodétermination culturelle du peuple concerné. Cette empirie présente l’expression et la résistance des pratiques culturelles endogènes comme un échec de la propagation des formalisations judéo-chrétiennes. Family planning and the fight against early marriage policies in refugee sites often raise concerns. In this article, we do question the relevance of these policies, based on the theory of culture shock and the perception of the other, in relation to the ways of the populations/beneficiaries in refugee sites in Eastern Cameroon. We look at this specifically, not from a human rights perspective, nor even from the impact of these on reproductive health, but on the freedom of cultural self-determination of the people concerned. This empirical approach presents the expression and resistance of endogenous cultural practices as a failure of the propagation of Judeo-Christian formalisations. غالبًا ما تثير سياسات تنظيم الأسرة والزواج المبكر في مواقع اللاجئين العديد من الانشغالات. في هذا المقال، نتساءل انطلاقا من نظرية الصدمة الثقافية وتصور الآخر، عن أهمية هذه السياسات، فيما يتعلق بإجراءات التعامل مع السكان/المستفيدين في مواقع اللاجئين في شرق الكاميرون. نركّز خاصة، ليس فقط من منظور حقوق الإنسان أو حتى تأثير هذه على الصحة الإنجابية، ولكن على حرية تقرير المصير الثقافي للأشخاص المعنيين بالنظر إلى النظم الاجتماعية الخاصة بالثقافة الغربية. وهكذا، يعرض هذا التحقيق الميداني التعبير عن الممارسات الثقافية المحلية ومقاومتها لنشر النظم الاجتماعية الخاصة بالثقافة الغربية.

Introducción. La revalorización de un tiempo de disfrute compartido en las familias, que suponga una oportunidad para el encuentro lúdico-educativo y las relaciones dialógicas, junto al amplio abanico de actividades de ocio que se potencian en una sociedad consumista, induce a cuestionarnos cuáles de ellas forman parte de la microcultura familiar. Además, la sensibilidad contextual del ocio se hace extensible al ámbito familiar, de manera que las variables de índole socioeconómico-cultural asociadas a este agente educativo condicionan el perfil de ocio que se ejerce. Metodología. Con el objetivo de conocer si existen diferencias significativas en la práctica de las diferentes tipologías de actividades de ocio familiar en función del tipo de familia, la persona que responde el cuestionario y el número de libros en el hogar, se realizó un estudio descriptivo-inferencial, transversal, no experimental y cuantitativo en el que participaron 407 familias con hijos/as en el segundo tramo de Educación Primaria cumplimentando un cuestionario acerca de las tipologías de actividades que éstos practicaron, extrayendo, a través del programa SPSS los estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales con las variables sociodemográficas objeto del estudio. Resultados. De las 16 actividades contempladas en el cuestionario, el visionado de televisión y las comidas conjuntas son las más frecuentes frente a las deportivas comunitarias, al aire libre y acuáticas, encontrando diferencias significativas en función del tipo de familia, la persona que cumplimenta el cuestionario y el número de libros que hay en el hogar, siendo las familias nucleares, cuando el cuestionario es cumplimentado por la madre o los hogares con más de 100 libros aquellos que tienen una práctica más diversificada. Discusión. Los resultados coinciden con otros estudios al encontrar que las prácticas de ocio familiar están disminuyendo y son menos diversificadas ante la existencia de una sociedad en las que los seres humanos son presos de su ámbito laboral, mermando otros agentes como, en este caso, la familia. Además, persiste una feminización del ocio familiar, recayendo todo el peso sobre la figura de la madre, lo cual resulta más estresante cuando esta se halla en situación monofamiliar. Conclusiones. De esta forma, se pone el alza el papel de las instituciones sociales, de medicina de atención primaria-familiar y los centros educativos como agentes encargados de educar respecto al ocio familiar a cada uno de los miembros de las familias desde sus diferentes vías de participación y asesoramiento. Introduction. Shared leisure time in families represents an opportunity for playful-educational encounters and dialogical relationships. In addition, a wide range of leisure activities are being promoted in consumerist societies. The reassessment of shared leisure time in families leads us to ask which leisure activities are part of a family’s microculture. The contextual sensitivity of leisure also applies to family environments. Therefore, family socio-economic and cultural variables condition family leisure profiles. The study objective was thus to uncover any significant differences in types of family leisure activities according to: type of family, person answering the questionnaire, and the number of books in the household. Methodology. A descriptive-inferential, cross-sectional, non-experimental, and quantitative study was conducted. A total of 407 families with children in the second stage of Primary Education took part in the study and filled a questionnaire on the types of activities. Using the SPSS programme, we proceeded to extract the descriptive and inferential statistics together with the socio-demographic variables under study. Results. Of the 16 activities contemplated in the questionnaire, television viewing and joint meals were the most frequent compared to community, outdoor and water sports. Significant differences were found depending on the type of family, the person completing the questionnaire, and the number of books in the household. The widest ranges of practices were found in nuclear families, when the questionnaire was completed by the mother, or in households with more than 100 books. Discussion. The results were compatible with that of other studies that have found a lower number and narrower range of family leisure practices in societies in which individuals are bound by their work environment, reducing the amount of time they can spend with other agents, such as the family in this case. Moreover, family leisure was persistently feminised: all the burden fell on mothers, and mothers in single-parent situations suffered greater stress. Conclusions. It is worth highlighting the important role of social institutions, primary care-family medicine and schools in educating each family member on family leisure through their different means of participation and counselling.

Adolescent pregnancies adversely impact mental and reproductive health as well as educational and socio-economic outcomes. In Kakamega County, Kenya, 20% of adolescents begin childbearing by age 19. To inform interventions to reduce adolescent pregnancy, Jhpiego used the Barrier Analysis methodology, which is based on the Doer/Non-Doer study model, in which participants are categorized according to whether they are “Doers” or “Non-Doers” of the study behavior. This study examines the determinants of the behavior, “young unmarried women currently use modern contraceptive methods”. Participants included young women aged 15–19 who were sexually active, unmarried, and were using (“Doers”) or not using (“Non-Doers”) modern contraception. The findings reveal that the majority of Doers (88%) and Non-Doers (80%) understand the pregnancy risk associated with non-use, and there is no statistically significant difference between Doers’ and Non-Doers’ understanding of contraceptive benefits. Knowledge of side effects and misconceptions, such as the belief that contraception causes infertility, does not deter Doers from using contraception. Seventy percent of Doers note that contraception is accessible/available, while 39% of Non-Doers state the opposite. Doers are almost three times more likely than Non-Doers to say that most people approve of their contraceptive use, while Non-Doers are twice as likely as Doers to say that most people would not approve. Doers are four times more likely to indicate approval from their mothers and boyfriends. Non-Doers are five times more likely than Doers to have specific professional goals for the future. These findings illustrate the importance of moving away from fear-based messaging and instead highlighting social acceptability and contraception’s role in achieving future goals.

Background: Women with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) have fewer children and stay childless more often. The decision-making process around family planning choices remains incompletely understood. Methods: We examined family status in women who at recruitment to the UK IBD Bioresource had not had children yet via an electronic survey. The primary outcome was the proportion of women with voluntary childlessness. Secondary outcomes were factors associated with family planning status. Results: Of 326 responders, 10.7% had either given birth, were currently pregnant or were currently trying to conceive; 12.6% were planning to conceive within 12 months; 54.4% were contemplating conception in the distant future (vague plans); and 22.3% were voluntarily childless. Factors associated with family planning status fell into three areas: general background (age, household income, perceived support to raise a child), relationship status (sexual orientation, being single, not cohabiting, perception of being ‘in the right relationship to raise a child’, perception of a good sex life) and the expression of having a child as a goal in life. On binary logistics regression analysis with voluntary childlessness versus vague family plans as the outcomes of choice, having a household income of

BackgroundNiger has the highest rate of adolescent fertility in the world, with early marriage, early childbearing and high gender inequity. This study assesses the impact of Reaching Married Adolescents (RMA), a gender-synchronized social behavioral intervention designed to improve modern contraceptive use and reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) among married adolescent couples in rural Niger.MethodsWe conducted a four-armed cluster-randomized trial in 48 villages across three districts in Dosso region, Niger. Married adolescent girls (ages 13-19) and their husbands were recruited within selected villages. Intervention arms included home visits by gender-matched community health workers (CHWs) (Arm 1), gender-segregated, group discussion sessions (Arm 2), and both approaches (Arm 3). We used multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression models to assess intervention effects for our primary outcome, current modern contraceptive use, and our secondary outcome, past year IPV.ResultsBaseline and 24-month follow-up data were collected April-June 2016 and April-June 2018. At baseline, 1072 adolescent wives were interviewed (88% participation), with 90% retention at follow-up; 1080 husbands were interviewed (88% participation), with 72% retention at follow-up. Adolescent wives had higher likelihood of modern contraceptive use at follow-up relative to controls in Arm 1 (aIRR 3.65, 95% CI 1.41-8.78) and Arm 3 (aIRR 2.99, 95% CI 1.68-5.32); no Arm 2 effects were observed. Relative to those in the control arm, Arm 2 and Arm 3 participants were significantly less likely to report past year IPV (aIRR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.88 for Arm 2; aIRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21-1.01 for Arm 3). No Arm 1 effects were observed.ConclusionsThe RMA approach blending home visits by CHWs and gender-segregated group discussion sessions is the optimal format for increasing modern contraceptive use and decreasing IPV among married adolescents in Niger. Trial registration This trial is retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT03226730.

Bu çalışmada amaç: aile planlaması danışmanlıklarının verildiği, prekonsepsiyonel bakımın sağlandığı aile sağlığı merkezlerine (ASM) aile planlaması danışmanlığı için başvuran kadınların gebelik öncesi doğum korkusunu değerlendirmektir.Araştırmanın evrenini Sivas il merkezindeki bir ASM’de 15 Mart -14 Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında aile planlaması için başvuru yapan kadınlar oluşturmuştur. Kadınlara ASM’de yer alan aile planlaması odasında, araştırmacılar tarafından araştırmanın amacı açıklandıktan ve bilgilendirilmiş onamları alındıktan sonra çalışmaya katılmayı kabul edenlere soru formları uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Gebelik Öncesi Doğum Korkusu Ölçeği (GÖDKÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden kadınların %51,1’i başka çocuk istemediğini ifade ederken, aile planlaması kullanma nedeni olarak ise %46,7’si tekrar gebelik düşünmediğinden aile planlaması kullandığını ifade etmiştir. Kadınların en çok bildiği ve kullandıkları aile planlaması yöntemleri arasında ilk üç sırayı %84,4 ile kondom, %83,3 ile doğum kontrol hapı ve %76,7 ile geri çekme yöntemleri olduğu bulunmuştur. Kadınların ölçekten almış oldukları puan ortalaması 35,31±10,086’dır. Madde toplam puanın yüksek olması yüksek düzeyde korkuyu göstermektedir. KGÖ-DKÖ’den elde edilen toplam puanların değişkenler ile olan karşılaştırmasına göre; eğitim durumu lise mezunu olanların (39,59±9,109) ölçekten almış oldukları puan ortalamasının diğer eğitim düzeylerinden yüksek olduğu ve aralarında istatistiksel anlamda anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (p, The aim of this study was to evaluate the fear of childbirth before pregnancy in women who present to family health centers (FHC) for family planning counseling, where family planning counseling and prenatal care are provided.The population of the research consisted of women who applied for family planning between 15 March-14 May 2019 to a FHC in Sivas city center, and 90 women participated in the study. The researchers informed the women about the purpose of the study in the family planning room in the FHC, and questionnaires were applied to those whose consents were obtained and who agreed to participate in the study. As data collection tool, Personal Information Form and Pre-pregnancy Fear of Childbirth Scale (PPFOCBS) was used. 51.1% of women who agreed to participate in the research stated that they did not want another child, while 46.7% of them stated that they used family planning because they did not plan any pregnancy again. Among the family planning methods that women knew and used the most, condom with 84.4%, birth control pill with 83.3% and withdrawal method with 76.7% were found to be the first three methods. The mean PPFOCBS score of the women was 35.31±10.086. A high item total score indicates a high level of pre-pregnancy fear of childbirth. According to the comparison of the total scores obtained from PPFOCBS with the variables, it was found that there was a significant difference between education status, presence of abortion and birth description (p

The article examines the reproductive decisions of Russian urban middle‐class women. We look at women’s lives in the context of Russian pronatalist family policy and the official conservative gender ideology of 2019–2020. Based on biographical interviews with 35 young women, we focus on working mothers. The sample is composed of middle‐class mothers since their lifestyle serves as a cultural model for the whole Russian society. We reconstruct the everyday rationalities deployed by the mothers to justify their reproductive decisions. The respondents seek “self‐realization,” postponing childbirth or limiting their reproduction. We reconstruct the discourse of “pragmatic individualism” as an everyday logic used by mothers, which helps them cope with the instability of the labor market and marriage and the lack of state social support. Using the logic of “pragmatic individualism,” women present themselves as respectable, socially competent individuals able to build their lives according to middle‐class living standards. The logic of pragmatic individualism contradicts the message of pronatalist state ideology based on “traditional” gender roles and high fertility. It gives women a rational explanation for why, despite socially supported childbearing, they decide to have only one or two children. We argue that while women rationalize childbearing decisions for financial security and social well‐being, their rationale is determined by class standards of respectability. These standards are associated with high standards of care and quality of life for a small number of children.

Background. Postpartum family planning is an effective strategy for reducing maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality by preventing unintended pregnancy and short interpregnancy intervals. Despite the paramount advantages of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), their uptake remains low in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the uptake of immediate postpartum LARC methods and its associated factors among women who gave birth in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 eligible mothers who were in the immediate postpartum period. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire before their discharge from the hospital and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Results. The uptake LARCs among immediate postpartum mothers was 25.4%. The most commonly reported reasons for not using LARC were preference to start contraception after six weeks of delivery (43.3%) and the need to use other methods of contraception (26%). Having unplanned birth (AOR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.04-3.71) and receiving family planning counselling on LARCs during the postpartum period (AOR: 21.1; 95% CI: 6.49-68.66) were factors significantly associated with immediate postpartum LARC use. Conclusion. Low utilization of immediate postpartum LARC uptake was found in the current study setting. There was increased utilization of immediate postpartum LARC among mothers who received family planning counselling during the postpartum period. Therefore, strengthening family planning counselling during the immediate postpartum period is crucial to enhance postpartum LARC use.

Carrier couples of recessive diseases face an important decision-making process regarding their familial planning that can become a significant source of discomfort and potential regrets. To date, no study has described the decisional needs of carrier couples of Leigh syndrome French-Canadian type, hereditary tyrosinemia type 1, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with or without agenesis of the corpus callosum and autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay undergoing family planning decision-making process. Our study aimed to describe the decisional needs of carrier couples according to the Ottawa Decision Support Framework.A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Qualitative individual and joint couple interviews were performed among 39 carrier individuals and 11 health and social care professionals.Carrier couples' decision-making process is complex, and their decisional needs include, among others, sufficient knowledge about the disease and the reproductive options, personal values and available support. Increased decisional conflict was observed among carriers of diseases associated with low morbidity and mortality.Family planning decision-making is an evolutive deliberative process that requires appropriate shared decision-making to insure decisional comfort.Carrier couples family planning decision-making process needs to be better supported.

Objective We sought to systematically review the literature on values and preferences regarding contraception among individuals within selected key populations. Study design As part of a larger set of reviews on patients’ and providers’ values and preferences related to contraception globally, we searched ten electronic databases for articles from January 1, 2005 to July 27, 2020. No language restrictions were applied. Data was independently abstracted by two authors and study rigor was assessed using an 8-item measure developed by the Evidence Project for quantitative studies and an adapted CASP checklist for qualitative studies. Results We identified 12 studies that met our inclusion criteria examining selected key populations, including sex workers, transmasculine individuals, people who inject drugs, or those living in humanitarian contexts. Seven key themes that spoke to values and preferences emerged related to: autonomy, perceived effectiveness and safety, birth spacing and family outcomes, impacts on sexual experience, hormonal effects (e.g. desire for non-hormonal method or perception that the method is more natural as compared to hormonal methods), physical attributes (e.g. appearance and/or ease of use), and stigma. Six studies were of high rigor, five were of moderate rigor, and one was of low rigor. One study described the values and preferences of two of the selected key populations. The research available on the values and preferences of sex workers regarding methods of contraception was limited to female condoms. Conclusion Consideration of the values and preferences of individuals within selected key populations can inform providers, programme managers and policy makers participating in the delivery of contraceptive care. Contraceptive research among sex workers, transmasculine individuals, people who inject drugs, or those living in humanitarian contexts is quite limited; further research is needed to better understand the values and preferences of these populations.

Problem There is limited evidence regarding midwives’ confidence and practices in providing sexual and reproductive health care in Australia. Background Midwives provide important public health education to women regarding sexual and reproductive health care. Aim The aim of this study was to explore midwives’ confidence and practices around providing education to women on three key areas of sexual and reproductive health: contraception and family planning; sexual activity; and sexual health. Methods A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted with responses from n = 164 midwives (43.1% response rate) working in a public tertiary maternity hospital in Western Australia. The survey included items measuring confidence; method and frequency of practice. Open-ended questions captured qualitative data. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. Findings There was a significant association between age, years of clinical experience (p = 0.001) and work setting (p = 0.032) on the confidence to provide education on sexual activity. Most (92.1%) midwives indicated that they wanted further education. Lack of time, knowledge and language barriers were key factors preventing education. Discussion Midwives’ provision of education to women is essential for improving health literacy and health outcomes. Results reveal the necessity to include sexual and reproductive health education in entry to registration courses and the importance of continuing professional development. Conclusion Evidence of midwives’ confidence and current practices in the provision of sexual and reproductive health care offers utility for leaders and educators in midwifery to prepare and equip midwives to fulfil this important public health role.

Background Mindful of social norms shaping health among women pressured to prove early fertility in Nepal, a bi-national research team developed and piloted a 4-month intervention engaging household triads (newly married women, their husbands, and mothers-in-law) toward advancing gender equity, personal agency, and reproductive health. This study evaluates the impact on family planning and fertility decision-making. Methods In 2021, Sumadhur was piloted in six villages with 30 household triads (90 participants). Pre/post surveys of all participants were analyzed using paired sample nonparametric tests and in-depth interviews with a subset of 45 participants were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results Sumadhur significantly impacted (p Conclusions Entrenched social norms surrounding fertility and family planning contrasted with participants’ personal beliefs, highlighting needed community-level shifts to improve reproductive health in Nepal. Engagement of influential community- and family-members is key to improving norms and reproductive health. Additionally, promising interventions such as Sumadhur should be scaled up and reassessed.

Cet article analyse la production des discriminations sociales et des violences que subissent des femmes dans le secteur médical, en particulier à travers les politiques de planification familiale en Iran. Façonnées par les politiques étatiques et par les pratiques professionnelles de la santé sexuelle et reproductive, les politiques de planification familiale mobilisent l’administration publique et le secteur médical pour organiser le contrôle de la vie reproductive des femmes, en particulier celle des femmes persanes des zones rurales et de classe populaire, et celle des femmes afghanes. Ancré dans une approche intersectionnelle, ce travail montre que les femmes, malgré les évolutions des régimes politiques, ont eu accès à la planification familiale de manière différente selon la classe et l’ethnie. Les populations minorisées subissent en effet des violences et des discriminations structurelles, qui se traduisent par une occultation par les professionnel.le.s des informations concernant les différentes méthodes de contraception ou par des stérilisations effectuées sans consentement. This article analyses the production of social inequalities and violence experienced by women in the medical sector, particularly through family planning policies in Iran. Shaped by state policies and professional sexual and reproductive health practices, Family planning policies mobilise the public administration and the medical sector to organise the control of women’s reproductive lives, particularly those of rural and working-class Persian and Afghan women. Anchored in an intersectional approach, this work shows that women, despite changes in political regimes, have had different access to family planning by class and ethnie. Minority populations are subject to structural violence and discrimination, which is reflected in the fact that professionals withhold information on the various methods of contraception or perform sterilisations without consent.

Background Understanding how prenatal care influences planned postpartum contraception can help guide shared decision-making. This study looks to examine the association of the quality of prenatal care with planned postpartum contraception. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single tertiary, academic urban institution in the southwest United States. The institutional review board (IRB) for human research at Valleywise Health Medical Center approved this study. Using a validated measure of prenatal care, the Kessner index, prenatal care was classified as adequate, intermediate, or inadequate. The World Health Organization (WHO) protocol for contraceptive effectiveness was used to classify contraceptives as very effective, effective, and less effective. The planned contraceptive choice was determined at the time of hospital discharge after delivery by discharge summary. Chi-squared testing and logistic regression were used to measure associations between the adequacy of prenatal care and contraceptive planning. Results This study included 450 deliveries, 404 (90%) patients with adequate prenatal care, and 46 (10%) patients without adequate (intermediate or inadequate) prenatal care. There was not a statistically significant difference in planning for very effective or effective methods of contraception at hospital discharge between adequate (74%) and non-adequate (61%) prenatal care groups (p = 0.06). There was no association between the adequacy of prenatal care and the effectiveness of contraceptive planning after controlling for age and parity (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.89–3.22). Conclusions Many women chose very effective and effective methods of postpartum contraception; however, there was no statistically significant association between the quality of prenatal care and planned contraception at hospital discharge.

Objective: Transgender and gender diverse individuals are individuals whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth. The discordance between gender identity and sex assignment may cause significant psychological distress: gender dysphoria. Transgender individuals may choose to undergo gender-affirming hormone treatment or surgery, but some decide to (temporarily) refrain from surgery and gender affirming hormone treatment and hence retain the possibility to become pregnant. Pregnancy may enhance feelings of gender dysphoria and isolation. To improve perinatal care for transgender individuals and their health care providers, we conducted interviews to explore the needs and barriers of transgender men in family planning, pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and perinatal care. Design: In this qualitative study five in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with Dutch transgender men who had given birth while identifying on the transmasculine spectrum. The interviews were conducted online through a video remote-conferencing software program (n=4) or live (n=1). Interviews were transcribed verbatim. An inductive approach was used to find patterns and collect data from the participants’ narratives and constant comparative method was adapted in analysing the interviews. Measurements and findings: The experiences of transgender men regarding the preconception period, pregnancy and puerperium and with perinatal care varied widely. Though all participants expressed overall positive experiences, their narratives emphasized they had to overcome substantial hurdles pursuing pregnancy. For instance the necessity to prioritise becoming pregnant over gender transitioning, lack of support by healthcare providers and increased gender dysphoria and isolation during pregnancy Key conclusions: Since pregnancy in transgender men enhances feelings of gender dysphoria, transgender men comprise a vulnerable group in perinatal care. Health care providers are perceived as feeling unaccustomed for the care of transgender patients, as they are perceived to often lack the right tools and knowledge to provide adequate care. Our findings help strengthen the foundation of insight in the needs and hurdles of transgender men pursuing pregnancy and therefore may guide health care providers to provide equitable perinatal care, and emphasize the necessity of patient-centred gender-inclusive perinatal care. A guideline including the option for consultation of an expertise center is advised to facilitate patient-centered gender-inclusive perinatal care.

Introduction: Improved usage of family planning services is essential for improving maternal health in Africa, and the provision of high-quality care in family planning services is essential for encouraging higher levels of contraceptive uptake in the region. The purpose of this systematic review was to compile all of the existing data on the factors that influence the quality of care in family planning services in Africa and synthesize it. Methods: Between 2000 and 2021, quantitative research conducted in Africa and published in English, as well as in peer-reviewed journals was taken into consideration. The methodological quality of the studies that were included was evaluated using established techniques. The findings of the research were described in a narrative and a table. When evaluating the quality of treatment in family planning services, the quantitative component of the assessment looked at client satisfaction as a criterion. The method of the meta-analysis was employed to explain the associations. Results: Seven quantitative studies passed the review's qualifying criteria and were included in the review. According to the findings of the review, the quality of service was impacted by factors such as customer, provider, and facility parameters, as well as other socio-demographic indicators. The most often recognized process variables included the client's age, place of residence, and use of contraceptives. Conclusion: Overall, the few, moderate to high-quality quantitative research on factors influencing the quality of the utilization of family planning services in Africa identified several parameters connected to client usage and sociodemographic features. As a result, increasing the quality of care in African family planning programs necessitates several initiatives that address these various concerns. More study is needed to identify the major parameters linked with the quality of care in African nations' family planning programs.

IUCD (Copper-T) is a safe, effective and long-acting reversible contraceptive and its uptake in Zimbabwe is currently less than 1%. Interventions to improve the uptake of IUCD require evidence on key factors contributing to its low uptake. The study was conducted to identify the gaps and offer opportunities for evidence-based family planning aimed at improving demand for IUCD, supply-side conditions, and influencing attitudes towards IUCD. A descriptive qualitative study design was conducted to explore and understand the perceptions of 169 women, 22 men, 16 community leaders and 20 health care providers regarding the use of IUCDs (Copper-T). In-depth interviews, Key informant interviews and focus group discussions with IUCD users, former IUCD users, and users of modern contraceptives (15-49 years) and men were conducted. Rural women showed reluctance to use IUCD because of myths, misconceptions and fears associated with the method which include barrenness, cancers, birth deformities and pregnancy complications. Negative community perceptions, dominant social norms, religious and socio-cultural beliefs, limited awareness of IUCD among men and weak health service delivery platforms were the major barriers to IUCD uptake in Zimbabwe. Evidence-based strategies on demand generation, supply-side interventions, advocacy and communication for development (C4D) are crucial in improving the uptake and provision of IUCD in Zimbabwe.

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 101 p. Doctoral studies often take place when there is a general pressure to conceive. Many graduate students delay having children until after their studies—running the risk of age-induced infertility and involuntary childlessness. Little research has examined why female clinical psychology doctoral trainees delay attempts to conceive. The current study aims to explore the experiences of this unique population and determine what factors impact family planning during graduate studies. A total of 305 female clinical psychology doctoral trainees were recruited for an online survey consisting of self-report questionnaires. While a large majority of participants indicated a desire to conceive at some point (81.7%), only a fraction (15.4%) endorsed a desire to conceive while in graduate training. In a series of hierarchical multiple regressions, age, income, and the perceived compatibility of graduate training and parenthood were identified as significant predictors of intentions to conceive. These findings indicate that in addition to graduate students’ perception of parenthood in doctoral training, systemic structural barriers (e.g., finances) and biological realities (e.g., age) play a crucial role in family planning. Thus, future research is needed to explore the experiences of those who decide to conceive during graduate training to understand further how to address barriers that may impact the reproductive needs of female clinical psychology doctoral students. Student no

Os avanços na área da biotecnologia, bem como na área de reprodução assistida, possibilitaram uma nova esperança para os indivíduos que sofrem algum tipo de restrição para a gravidez ou padecem de doença genética passível de ser transmitida hereditariamente, ou pacientes oncológicos que necessitam de quimioterapia. Todavia, nem todos os pacientes possuem capacidade financeira para custear esses tratamentos e recorrem a justiça afim de terem o seu direito constitucional ao planejamento familiar garantido, porém são negados com o recorrente argumento de que não está em contrato ou haverá um desequilíbrio financeiro se tal cobertura ocorrer. Decisões recentes como o julgamento de Recurso repetitivo do STJ e o enunciado 20 do TJ/BA, não finalizam a questão, pois além de generalizar as diversas hipóteses de necessidade de tratamento em reprodução assistida, embasam decisões judiciais em forma de sentenças e acórdãos com ausência de fundamentação, sem análise precisa do conjunto probatório.

BACKGROUND: Guidelines from the European Hereditary Tumor Group as well as The Danish National Guidelines for Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) state that both prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) should be offered to patients with PJS. However, only a few cases resulting in viable pregnancies have been published.OBJECTIVE: We present two cases of PJS patients going through PGT-M for PJS. We highlight the awareness of this possibility and discuss the technical and ethical challenges of performing PGT-M for PJS.METHODS AND RESULTS: Case 1: A 36-year-old male with PJS and his partner were referred for genetic counseling. The patient carried a pathogenic de novo variant in STK11. After a terminated pregnancy of a fetus carrying the same pathogenic variant, microsatellite polymorphic marker analysis was established, and the patient was offered PGT-M. The female partner of the patient gave birth to a healthy boy after five years of fertility treatment. Case 2: A 35-year-old female with PJS and her partner were referred for genetic counseling. She carried an inherited pathogenic STK11 variant. The couple was offered PGT-M. Genetic testing of the embryos was performed using microsatellite polymorphic markers. After two rounds of oocyte extraction a blastocyst predicted not to be affected by PJS was identified. The blastocyst was transferred; however, this did not result in a viable pregnancy.CONCLUSIONS: PGT-M can be offered to patients with PJS. The process may be long and filled with ethical dilemmas requiring patients to be motivated and persistent.

Objective: This paper establishes levels and patterns of ability and willingness to pay (AWTP) for contraceptives, and associated factors. Study design: A three-stage cluster and stratified sampling was applied in selection of enumeration areas, households and individuals in a baseline survey for a 5-year Family planning programme. Multivariable linear and modified Poisson regressions are used to establish factors associated with AWTP. Results: Ability to pay was higher among men (84%) than women (52%). A high proportion of women (96%) and men (82%) were able to pay at least Ug Shs 1000 ($0.27) for FP services while 93% of women and 83% of men who had never used FP services will in future be able to pay for FP services costed at least Shs 2000 ($0.55). The factors independently associated with AWTP were lower age group (

Background and objectives Family planning in women with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases is a challenge for healthcare teams, highlighting the need for standardized available evidence to provide patients with objective and agreed information. This study reflects the work performed by a multidisciplinary team in reviewing available scientific evidence, and the strategy agreed for family planning, pregnancy, postpartum, and breastfeeding in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Methods A literature search was conducted, information was structured across the different stages (preconception, pregnancy, postpartum and breastfeeding), and an on-site meeting was convened, in which patients and healthcare providers participated. Results Specific materials, which are included in this work, were developed to guide clinical decisions to be agreed upon by patients and healthcare providers. Conclusion These materials meet the need for validated and updated information on the approach and use of indicated drugs for professionals responsible for the management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Artykuł traktuje o pryncypialnym aspekcie odpowiedzialnego rodzicielstwa, za który uznaje się podjęcie w dialogu małżeńskim i konsekwentną realizację w postawach rodzicielskich decyzji o wyborze naturalnego planowania rodziny jako metody regulacji poczęć. Analiza problemu badawczego została rozłożona na cztery etapy. Najpierw przedstawiono podstawy teologiczne, biblijne i antropologiczne odpowiedzialnego rodzicielstwa. Na drugim etapie ukazano wielorakie konteksty decyzji rodzicielskiej z perspektywy uwarunkowań dialogu małżeńskiego. W dalszej części przedłożono walory teologiczne, etyczne i psychologiczne metod naturalnego planowania rodziny. Finalnie podjęto próbę sprecyzowania istoty decyzji rodzicielskiej, która implikuje stosowanie przez małżonków naturalnych metod regulacji poczęć. Kluczem hermeneutycznym, spinającym całość analiz teologicznych pracy, stała się kategoria daru osobowego małżonków. W kontekście sformułowanych wniosków ukazano etyczny, antropologiczny, teologiczny, charyzmatyczny i kultyczno-liturgiczny wymiar decyzji rodzicielskiej określającej strategię planowania rodziny przez małżonków. The article deals with a principled aspect of responsible parenthood, the decision to choose natural family planning as a method of birth control within the marital dialogue, and its consistent implementation through parental attitudes. The analysis of the research problem proceeds via four stages. First, the foreground lays out the solid theological, biblical and anthropological foundations of responsible parenthood. The second stage explores the multiple contexts of parental decisions, from the perspective of the determinants of marital dialogue. Next follows a presentation of the theological, ethical and psycho-logical values of the natural family planning methods. Finally, an attempt is made to specify the essence of the parental decision, which implies the use of natural methods of birth control by the spouses. The hermeneutic key linking all the theological analysis of the article has been the concept of a personal gift on the part of the spouses. The conclusions we have formulated encompass the many dimensions – ethical, anthropological, theological, charismatic, and cultic-liturgical – of a married couple’s decision regarding a family planning strategy.

Introduction: India is currently facing problems with pre-fix of ‘P’. They are “population explosion”, poverty, and pollution. Population explosion is directly perpetuating the other two problems. Family planning is the only safest and cost effective strategies to have impact on health of women. In many studies it was found that though people were aware of contraceptives but its usage was limited. To know the various factors influencing usage of family planning methods this study was conducted. The study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of various family planning methods. Methodology: Cross–sectional study conducted by face to face interview of selected women using a questionnaire. Results: Total of 80% of women were aware that family planning is about limitation of births but, 208 (64.8%) women had ever used contraceptive. And 22 (10.58%) of them have faced minor complications, which has either self-resolved or on medication. The most common reason for not using contraceptive was being uncomfortable (81.42%) to use them. Conclusions: Women had good knowledge regarding contraceptives, but most of the women followed methods suggested by their elders. Advertisement regarding newer methods has to be strengthened.

Introduction: Despite considering family planning as a priority in population policy, our country is still long way to achieve a stable population, especially in rural area. This study was schemed to evaluate the awareness and the prevalence of contraceptive use in a rural area of Etawah. Material & Methods: A house to house survey was conducted in 5 villages in Saifai block of Etawah. A sample of 810 married woman of reproductive age group were interviewed to obtain information on sociodemographic profile and family planning. Results: The average age of study respondents was 29.19 ± 6.7 years. Majority (44.7%) of respondents belonged to 26-35years and 40% were illiterate. Only 76.6% of the respondents were aware of at least one method of family planning. Nearly 50% were aware of Female sterilization, Condoms and IUCD. Univariate analysis revealed age, education, caste and partner’s education were significant factor affecting awareness of family planning. Contraceptive usage was associated with age, family size and decision making ability. Multivariate awareness revealed that education significantly affected awareness and partner’s education was significantly associated with contraceptive usage. Conclusion: Study showed that there is a significant gap between awareness and use of contraception. Age, education, family size and partner’s education were significant factors affecting acceptance of family planning in this rural setup.

Background and Aims In order to provide high-quality care, providers need to understand their patients’ goals and concerns. This study aims to identify and predict the goals and concerns prioritised by patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in the outpatient setting. Methods Mixed-methods analysis was performed to identify the types, frequencies, and predictors of IBD patients’ goals and concerns using 4873 surveys collected over 2016–2019 at 25 gastroenterology clinics across the USA participating in the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation’s IBD Qorus Learning Health System. Results Patients with IBD most often prioritised goals and concerns related to symptoms/disease activity [50%] and clinical course/management [20%], whereas psychosocial/quality of life [12%] and medication [6%] concerns were less frequent. Females (odds ratio [OR] 22.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3–91.5) and patients in clinical remission [OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.1] were more likely to prioritise family planning. Patients >60 years old [OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5–6.5] and patients with active disease [OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.6] were more often concerned about travelling. Smokers were more often concerned about nutrition [OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.9–9.2]. Surgery was more often a concern of patients with perianal Crohn’s disease [OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.5], active disease [OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4], and those with recent hospitalisations [OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.4]. Conclusions IBD patients prioritised the remission of physical symptoms as treatment goals and they were less frequently concerned about medications and their side effects. Patients’ demographics, IBD characteristics, and health care utilisation patterns can predict specific types of concerns/goals.

Induction of labour when no live birth is anticipated presents a number of unique considerations for members of the healthcare team. The main indication for Induction of Labour for Termination of Pregnancy (iTOP) is intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) beyond a gestational age where surgical management is available, but may also be indicated in the setting of induction abortion (with or without feticide), and termination of pregnancy (with or without infant palliation) for pregnancies where a lethal fetal anomaly is diagnosed. In tertiary care centres, iTOP may represent a significant proportion of labouring patients. Despite this, there are few guidelines dedicated specifically to iTOP in either obstetrical or family planning specialties. In this article, we will consider four main themes from an evidence-informed perspective: method selection; pre-induction preparation; clinical considerations during and after iTOP; and complications management.

Purpose To evaluate the impact of the current structure and schedule of the American Board of Radiology (ABR) radiation oncology initial certification (RO-IC) examinations, with a primary focus on implications for family planning and early professional barriers among female radiation oncologists. Methods and Materials The Society of Women in Radiation Oncology (SWRO) conducted a survey of crowdsourced ABR candidates and diplomates for radiation oncology between June and July of 2020. The primary study cohort was early career female radiation oncologists of the 2016 through 2021 graduating classes. Results The survey response rate of early career female radiation oncologists was 37% (126 of an estimated 337). Among this cohort, 58% (73 of 126) reported they delayed or are currently delaying / timing pregnancy or adoption to accommodate the annual schedule of the four qualifying and certifying examinations required to achieve board certification in radiation oncology. One in every five respondents who had attempted to become pregnant reported experiencing infertility (25 of 79, 20%). Women who reported intentionally delaying pregnancy to accommodate the ABR RO-IC examination schedule were significantly more likely to experience infertility (46% versus 18%, p=0.008). Seven women (6%) reported at least a one-year delay in sitting for a RO-IC examination due to an unavoidable scheduling conflict related to childbirth and/or the peripartum period. A majority reported that full board certification had a significant impact on achieving academic promotion or professional partnership (52%), annual compensation (54%), and non-clinical professional commitments (58%)—these rates mirror those of surveyed early career male counterparts (n=101). Conclusions The current structure and scheduling of the ABR RO-IC examinations imposes noteworthy hurdles for many female radiation oncologists when entering the workforce. The recent transition to virtual examination platforms creates an important opportunity to increase flexibility in the structure and scheduling of the board examination process to improve equitable board certification practices.

Background:Use of contraceptives improves individual and national health outcomes and indices as it prevents maternal mortality and morbidity, child mortality, incidence of sexually transmitted infections and retains adolescents and young girls in school with improvement in the economic earning power. Contraceptive Logistics is the supply of contraceptives in the right quantity and quality at the right place at the right time for the right cost to the right people. The Contraceptive Logistics Management System in Nigeria stipulates that to ensure uninterrupted product availability and minimal stock out, Family Planning Service Delivery Points (SDPs) are to be re-supplied on a bi-monthly basis to bring their stock level to a maximum of 4 months of stock at any given time. Method:A retrospective analysis of the impacts of the three logistic models operational in six southern states in Nigeria under the auspice of UNFPA funded family planning logistics supply chain. Three outcomes of interest used to assess the impacts were stock out rates, gaps in supply and proportion of new users of contraceptives. The three models of family planning logistics reviewed were direct government last mile distribution with external funding, direct government last mile distribution without external funding and a third party private logistic company last mile distribution Result:The stock out rates for the direct government logistics with external funding was 6-20%, the direct government logistics last mile distribution (LMD) without external funding had a stock out rate of 20-58% and the private logistic company last mile distribution had a stock out rate of 10-30%. In terms of the gap in supply, the supply gap with the direct government LMD with external funding model was 48%, while the direct government LMD with no external funding model had a supply gap of 73% and the private company LMD logistics model had a low supply gap of 28%. The proportion of FP users who were new users was 19% in the direct government LMD with external funding, 8% in direct government LMD without external funding, and 16% in private logistic company LMD. Discussion:Direct government last mile distribution (LMD) with external funding reached the highest number of new FP users followed by private logistic company LMD and therefore contributed the greatest to the reduction of unmet need in family planning and increasing the contraceptive prevalence rates. The highest stock out rate of contraceptives was associated with direct government LMD without external funding and the least stock out rate was associated with same direct government LMD but with external funding. The greatest gap in supply of contraceptives was seen with direct government LMD without external funding followed by direct government LMD with external funding. Private company LMD had the least supply gap in contraceptives.

Formulation of the problem. Prolonged absence of births in the population of a certain area threatens its existence. Surveys of various groups of the population are used to identify trends that are negative for the demographic development of society in a timely manner. Analysis of recent research and publications. Deformations have formed in the formation of the generativeness of modern young people, in particular the strengthening of child-free tendencies, which increase the risks for the reproduction of the population. Formulation of the purpose of the article. The aim is to investigate the reproductive orientations of Kyiv students, to establish the dominant views on marriage and its forms, to identify the motives "for" and "against" the birth of children. Presenting main material. The randomized sample was 316 students of both sexes. The results showed that a third of respondents confidently acknowledged that the refusal of reproductively healthy couples to have children was "completely justified", while another third "rather agreed" to it. Only 8.6% of respondents indicated the complete unacceptability of such behavior. Students with better financial status of the family were more likely to condemn voluntary childlessness. The leader among the factors of reluctance to have children was the "priority of development in the professional sphere", in second place was "dislike of children", the third place was taken by psychological factors, and for the childfree group "difficult financial situation" was less important than the desire for more time to pursue a hobby. Students who indicated that they were childfree generally reported that "there is no motive for them to have a child." However, in general, the survey confirmed the value of children in the family, as 55% of girls and almost 40% of boys indicated that it is thanks to the birth of a child that they will have a full-fledged family. 44% of surveyed students perceived abortion negatively and rather negatively, 33% had a positive and rather positive attitude, and such answers were more often chosen by boys. One in five respondents could not clearly identify their attitudes toward abortion. The fact of conception as the beginning of a new life was considered only by about 31% of respondents, which indicates a lack of public awareness of bioethics. Conclusions and prospects for further research. In Ukraine, it is impossible to provide accurate statistics on the number of child-free followers, firstly, because so far no large-scale targeted survey has been conducted on this issue, which would cover different segments and groups of the population, and secondly, due to that most Ukrainians who deliberately refuse to have a child do not yet fully identify with childfree and do not declare it publicly. However, in the second decade of the XXI century in our country the interest in this subculture is constantly growing, the intention to find out the factors of such behavior, which occurs against the background of the formation of a tolerant attitude to any model of reproductive behavior. Conducting special targeted research will contribute to the development of effective youth policy aimed at overcoming the psychological, social and other problems faced by young people, especially family planning and reproductive function, which is important not only in the context of improving the demographic situation in the country. but also, which is no less important, in relation to self- realization and self-actualization of the individual, the formation of its full maturity.

Zika virus (ZIKV) can be sexually transmitted and can lead to severe neonatal and child health issues. The current study examines whether ZIKV-related ideational factors, including awareness of ZIKV and associated birth defects, are related to modern contraceptive use among women and men with sexual partners in four Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Data used are from cross-sectional household surveys conducted in 2018 in the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras with representative samples of men and women aged 18–49 (N = 1,100). The association between self-reported use of modern contraception and measures of Zika knowledge, risk perceptions and social norms, and contraceptive self-efficacy was examined via sex disaggregated multivariate logistic regression models. Both men (OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.36–10.06, P P P

PURPOSE: Although some research exists about transgender and nonbinary people's reproductive health needs, little research has explored the expansion of transgender health care in a family planning clinic context. This study investigates the expansion of transition-related care in family planning clinics in the United States from the perspective of clinic staff members. METHODS: Between 2018 and 2019, 25 in-depth interviews with family planning clinic staff across the United States explored themes in incorporation and continuation of transgender care. Qualitative data were also collected at several national reproductive health professional conferences in sessions focused on transgender health care. Content analysis on the type of care available at clinics from public websites was analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Family planning clinics became invested in offering transition related care through existing patient requests and community requests, including from staff members themselves. Clinics faced administrative and scheduling challenges in adding care. They reported that medical protocol components were easiest to learn. Analysis of clinic websites indicates that ∼10% of nationally networked clinics offer transgender care compared to 21% of independent member clinics of the Abortion Care Network. CONCLUSIONS: Family planning clinics should consider adding transgender care based on patient or community demand as an extension of existing expertise in providing patient-centered care. Clinics should be aware that tool kits and protocols already exist to support integrating transition related care in family planning clinics.

This is a plain language summary of an article originally published in the journal Frontiers in Neurology. People with multiple sclerosis (often shortened to MS) may have concerns about pregnancy and fertility. To understand more about these concerns, 332 people with MS in the USA, UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain took a survey with questions about how they made family planning decisions. Most of the survey participants (around 82%) were women. The survey found that people with MS were less likely to have children than people without MS. Over half (56%) of people with MS said the disease impacted their family planning decisions in some way, almost one quarter (22%) significantly changed their plans for the timing of their pregnancy or number of children, and 14% decided against having children. For almost 4 out of 5 (81%) people with MS the main source of family planning information was healthcare professionals. Overall, MS significantly impacted patients' decisions about family planning.

To assess the impact of rotating at a Catholic vs non-religious institution for the inpatient portion of the third-year medical school obstetrics and gynecology clerkship on medical students' contraceptive competency.We assigned all medical students completing an obstetrics and gynecology clerkship during the 2017-2019 academic years to a Catholic or non-religious hospital for their inpatient teaching site, where they gain much of their contraceptive counseling experience. All students attended the same didactic sessions on contraception. We compared Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) scores and clerkship grades between the two clinical sites for all medical students. We set significance at p0.05.Of 281 medical students, the 127 (45.2%) who had rotated at a Catholic hospital performed lower on the data-gathering component of the contraceptive OSCE compared with students at the non-religious hospitals (Catholic: 62.4 ± 16.5 vs non-religious: 70.2 ± 15.9, p0.01) and had lower total contraceptive OSCE scores (Catholic: 69.4 ± 9.3 vs non-religious: 72.0 ± 8.5, p0.01). Clinical reasoning and communication scores for the contraceptive OSCE, data-gathering and total scores for other OSCE scenarios, overall OSCE and clerkship grades were not different.Rotation at a Catholic hospital, with fewer opportunities for medical students to experience contraceptive counseling, was associated with poorer data-gathering skills for gynecologic and sexual history. While contraceptive knowledge can be imparted didactically, hands-on history-taking and counseling experiences are needed to build competency in contraceptive care.There is a disparity in medical student family planning training at a Catholic hospital compared with non-religious hospitals. Contraceptive knowledge can be attained through didactic sessions, however additional hands-on practice is needed in gynecologic and sexual history taking if clinical opportunities are limited.

Objective To estimate the association between discussion of all options (adoption, abortion, and parenting) in pregnancy options counseling and patient-reported experience with counseling. Study Design Patients (n = 316) who received a positive pregnancy test Oct 2018-June 2019 at one of 14 randomly selected clinics in a southern US publicly funded family planning system participated in an anonymous digital survey about their experience with counseling. The survey assessed which options (parenting, adoption, abortion) they discussed with their provider and how they rated their counseling experience using a 20-item scale based on validated measures of patient reproductive health counseling experience. We used Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio for discussing all pregnancy options and rating their provider with a perfect score. Results Approximately 10% of patients reported their provider discussed all options. After adjustment for patient, provider, and clinic characteristics, patients were approximately 80% more likely to rate their counseling as “excellent” on all analyzed scale items when their provider discussed all options compared to when they did not (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.43, 2.28). Discussion of all pregnancy options was associated with a more positive patient-reported experience among patients who planned to continue their pregnancy (aPR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.42) and among those who did not (aPR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.44). Patients whose provider had received options counseling training were more likely to report all options were discussed. Conclusion Discussion of all options during pregnancy counseling is associated with a more positive patient experience. These findings indicate patient preference for supportive, nondirective counseling on all pregnancy options. Implications Our study's findings support nondirective discussion of all pregnancy options (including parenting, abortion and adoption) as a best practice, and stand in contrast to regulations that restrict discussion of all options.

LAY SUMMARY Balancing family and work is always challenging for working women; however, military service presents especially nuanced and unique challenges to women serving in the U.S. military. Family planning, and in particular marriage and children, have distinct impacts on servicewomen’s professional careers. Their chosen professions often intersect and detract from their family planning choices. Within a larger study of gendered experiences, women from all four branches of the U.S. military, representing a variety of familial statuses and occupations, noted the complex and challenging intersections of family and work they encountered over the course of their military careers. As in other professions, military women bear disproportionate familial burdens compared with their male counterparts, and challenges pertaining to marriage and children regularly affect their professional careers. However, the military presents heightened professional demands on family planning, including marital status, marital partners’ professions, pregnancy, maternity, and parenthood. These additional challenges women in the military face regarding family planning often run counter to organizational efforts to encourage women’s participation, promotion, and retention in the military.

At the posyandu for youth, the IEC includes providing information about adolescent reproductive organs, puberty, the process of pregnancy, menstruation, family planning, sexually transmitted diseases, gender and maturity of marriage age. HIV / AIDS includes providing information about transmission, prevention and symptoms. Based on data from the Health Office of Muaro Jambi Regency, in the area of ??Puskesmas Penyengat Olak, the target number of adolescents aged 10-18 years is 1,959 males and 1,903 females. This large number is an opportunity to form a youth posyandu. Community service activities will be carried out in Penyengat Olak Village, Muaro Jambi Regency. This community service aims to increase the capacity of youth as cadres of the village post at Penyengat Olak district. Muaro Jambi. Target adolescents aged 10-18 years who are in the area of ??olak stinger health centers. There are activities in the form of advocacy to puskesmas and the community in establishing youth Posyandu, recruiting cadres and holding youth Posyandu cadres training, implementing youth Posyandu formation in stinging olak villages. The output of community service activities is the formation of cadres to care for reproductive health in pilot youth Posyandu for the work area of ??the Pengegat Olak Community Health Center in Muaro Jambi Regency. olak stinger. Through this training activity it is very important to increase the coverage of adolescent reproductive health services and it is hoped that the support of the puskesmas and village officials is expected.

In general, family planning can be defined as an effort to regulate the number of pregnancies in such a way that it will have a positive impact on the mother, baby, father and family concerned and will not cause harm as a direct result of the pregnancy. Family planning is an attempt to regulate the population or the use of methods to regulate fertilization to help a person or family achieve certain goals. The purpose referred to here is an intentional arrangement of pregnancy by the family, which is not against the applicable laws or regulations and also the morals of Pancasila and for the welfare of the family. Giving understanding to couples of childbearing age that there are various kinds of contraceptives and their benefits, so that people can choose any contraceptive that suits the individual. With more benefits than side effects, especially to keep the pregnancy distance, and a prosperous family can be achieved. It is hoped that with careful family planning, pregnancy is something that is really expected so that it will avoid the act of terminating a pregnancy with abortion. Ciamis Regency is in the province of West Java, where the area is directly adjacent to two regencies, namely Banjar and Tasikmalaya. Its location in the center of the city makes the Benteng village not like a village in general.

In general, family planning can be defined as an effort to regulate the number of pregnancies in such a way that it will have a positive impact on the mother, baby, father and family concerned and will not cause harm as a direct result of the pregnancy. Family planning is an attempt to regulate the population or the use of methods to regulate fertilization to help a person or family achieve certain goals. The purpose referred to here is an intentional arrangement of pregnancy by the family, which is not against the applicable laws or regulations and also the morals of Pancasila and for the welfare of the family. Giving understanding to couples of childbearing age that there are various kinds of contraceptives and their benefits, so that people can choose any contraceptive that suits the individual. With more benefits than side effects, especially to keep the pregnancy distance, and a prosperous family can be achieved. It is hoped that with careful family planning, pregnancy is something that is really expected so that it will avoid the act of terminating a pregnancy with abortion. Ciamis Regency is in the province of West Java, where the area is directly adjacent to two regencies, namely Banjar and Tasikmalaya. Its location in the center of the city makes the Benteng village not like a village in general.

Introduction Unmet need for family planning is the main obstacle to achieve healthy timing and desired number of children. Decreasing the unmet need for FP respects and protects human right and help to decrease the influence on biodiversity. Unmet need for family planning is the contributor and devastating issue of maternal health. Therefore, meeting the unmet need of contraceptive averts the maternal death and poverty. Therefore, determining the magnitude and its determinants is very important to intervene and design appropriate program umbrella. Objective To determine the magnitude and its determinants of unmet need for family planning among reproductive age women in East Africa. Method This study was analyzed secondary data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of which contained detailed family planning for all interviewed women aged 15 to 49 years. The data were weighted using sampling weight before any statistical analysis to account the sampling design. STATA version 15 was used for extracting, editing, recoding, and multilevel analysis. Median odds ratio (MOR), proportional change in Variance (PCV), Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) was analyzed. Four model was build and the best model was selected based on the smallest Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). Both bivariable and multivariable multilevel analysis was done. Variable with p-value Results The magnitude of unmet need for family planning was 24.66% (95%CI: 24.1–25.2). The identified determinants of unmet need for family planning was 30–39 years (AOR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.54–0.91), age of 40–49 (AOR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.58–0.99), rural residence (AOR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.02–1.34), female household head (AOR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.61–0.73), women having 4–6 child (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI 1.55–1.99), women having 7–9 child (AOR = 2.77; 95% CI 2.34–3.28) women having ≥10 child (AOR = 3.51; 95% CI 2.58–4.78), women who give their first birth 19-25 years (AOR = 1.1; 95% CI 1.0–1.26), 26–34 years (AOR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.19–1.83) ≥35 years (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–4.27) and no fertility desire (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.36–1.67) were the determinants of unmet need for family planning in east Africa. Conclusion Unmet need in east Africa is high as compare to other previous study. Maternal age, residence, sex of household head, number of children, age at first birth and fertility desire were the determinants identified in this study. Therefore, health interventions that reduce unmet need which enhance family planning service delivery among rural, male-headed household, women having more than three children and women who had no fertility desire needed in advance. Policies and programs of unmet need should be tailored the rural, young and no fertility desire women as well as male headed households.

Background The unmet need for safe and effective contraception still remains high. In 2017, about 25% of women of childbearing age who wanted to avoid pregnancy in the developing world were not using a modern contraceptive method. The biggest proportion (21%) of these women live in Sub-Saharan Africa. Little attention has been paid to the health systems factors impacting the integration of family planning into HIV services. This systematic review intends to document health systems factors constraining or facilitating the integration of family planning into HIV services. Methods A search of electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted using keywords. We considered peer-reviewed articles which were published in English between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2020. The peer-reviewed articles which were considered focussed on identifying barriers and facilitators at the levels of the health system which influence the success or failure of integrated family planning and HIV programs, availability of integrated family planning services in HIV care, the evidence on the feasibility, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of integrating family planning and HIV services and investigating the outcomes of programs aimed at strengthening family planning integration in HIV counselling, testing and care. Twenty-seven articles that identify factors affecting integration of family planning into HIV services met the inclusion criteria and were thematically analysed. Results Health systems factors constraining integration of family planning and HIV services were human resource turnover and shortages, lack of policy guidance on integrated care, poor oversight, unclear service delivery guidelines, inadequate infrastructure and insufficient monitoring systems. Facilitators to the successful integration of family planning into HIV services were identified as training in family planning for service providers, the creation of a supportive policy environment to accommodate service integration, supportive supervision and a positive attitude by service providers towards service integration. Conclusion Increase in the health workforce to support integrated service delivery, skills enhancement for service providers and improvement in family planning commodity stock levels play a key role in facilitating the integration of family planning into HIV services., PLAIN ENGLISH SUMMARY The findings of this systematic review support integration of family planning into HIV services. The results indicate that it is both possible to integrate family planning into HIV services as well as to implement an integrated model to health care service delivery. Further, the review indicates that there are a number of health systems factors that facilitate as well as constrain the integration of the two services. Integrating family planning into HIV services addresses a number of Sexual and Reproductive Health challenges being faced by women of childbearing age. Integrated family planning and HIV services reduce high rates of unintended pregnancies among HIV-positive women, reduce high pregnancy-related maternal mortality rates and increase the chance of meeting international and national development goals and targets, particularly Sustainable Development Goal number 3. Integration also helps women receive several services during a single visit to a health facility. Integrated family planning and HIV services ought to support the provision of comprehensive family planning and HIV services in a country. This is critical to encourage especially women living with HIV infection to access a full range of contraceptive methods. The provision of comprehensive family planning and HIV services allows HIV negative as well as HIV positive couples and individuals to meet their sexual and reproductive health needs. The review produced sufficient knowledge on the health systems factors which facilitate and constrain the integration of family planning into HIV services. The systematic review demonstrated the need to deal with health systems barriers in order to ensure success in integrating family planning and HIV services. The review also demonstrated the need for health systems strengthening in order to provide quality integrated family planning and HIV services.Key MessagesIntegration of family planning into HIV services is more and more being used as an approach for meeting the contraceptive needs of HIV-positive women of the childbearing age group.Training for service providers, supportive supervision, a supportive policy environment and a positive attitude by service providers towards integration were identified as health systems factors facilitating to the integration of family planning and HIV services.Staff turnover and shortage, inadequate infrastructure, stock-outs of family planning commodities, lack of coordinated leadership for integration, lack of integrated national policies and operational frameworks and separate funding for family planning and HIV services were identified as health systems barriers to integration of family planning and HIV services.

Background: In this opioid overdose epidemic, women are an overlooked group seeing increasing rates of overdose death. Implementation challenges have prevented evidence-based interventions from effectively reaching women who misuse opioids, with gaps in access to effective treatment and services. Family planning clinics could serve as important points of contact for referral to needed treatments and services. The study explores how family planning staff knowledge and attitudes related to opioid misuse serve as potential barriers and challenges in making referrals for evidence-based services and treatments. Methods: In 2018, we conducted a national online survey of family planning staff, assessing knowledge and attitudes of treatments and services for opioid misuse. Results: A total of 691 family planning staff completed the survey. Most respondents agreed that opioid misuse was a major problem in their community (86.0%) and identified challenges in responding to it, including a lack of treatment access (70.3%), the absence of in-house behavioral health staff (67.2%), and unfamiliarity with local treatment providers (54.1%). Respondents reported low levels of acceptability for syringe services programs (46.0%), medications such as methadone and buprenorphine (55.4%), and naloxone to reverse opioid overdose (60.1%). Controlling for other factors, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, workplace role, and substance use training were associated with differences in acceptability. Conclusions: Family planning settings could play a critical role in connecting women who misuse opioids to treatment and services. Strategies are needed to increase the acceptability of evidence-based interventions and the feasibility of having family planning staff play a linkage role.

Contains fulltext : 283076.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Men can be essential sources of support in maternal health, even more so in case of severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM), affecting 1-2% of childbearing women in low-resource settings. In a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, we explored the perspectives of nine male partners of women who suffered from (pre-)eclampsia six to seven years earlier in rural Tanzania. Male partners considered their role to be pivotal regarding finances, decision-making in healthcare-seeking and family planning and provided physical and emotional support. After SAMM, households may be affected in the long run. Some men took over their female partner's household duties until up to two years after birth. Providing men with more information on complication readiness and birth preparedness would enable them to extend their role in maternal morbidity prevention.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? The essential role of male partners in maternal health in low- and middle-income countries is well-studied in relation to its impact on care-seeking behaviour. After childbirth, the long-term role of male partners has not yet been studied.What do the results of this study add? We demonstrated the important role of men during, but also after SAMM. Households may be affected years after women suffered from SAMM. For women with the most urgent support needs, this study suggest that at least some men feel responsible for their partner and have different pivotal roles.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Because of their motivation to support their female partner, strategies to reduce recurring complications in subsequent pregnancies should include targeting male partners, for example, by increasing birth preparedness and complication readiness. Further studies should confirm the results from our innovative but small-scale study, as well as investigate the long-term role of male partners after uncomplicated births. Other studies could investigate the separation of couples after SAMM, family planning decisions after SAMM and strategies for involving men and increasing complication readiness and birth preparedness.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate income and family planning decisions of American College of Zoological Medicine (ACZM) diplomates. SAMPLE 98 ACZM diplomates. PROCEDURES An online survey was sent to 201 ACZM diplomates. Participation was voluntary. RESULTS 98 (49%) diplomates responded to the survey. The most commonly reported income categories were $90,000 to $94,999, $100,000 to $104,999, and $110,000 to $114,999. Overall, the mean of the salary-category midpoint responses was $105,357 but was $122,917 for those in academia and $94,508 for those working in zoos and aquaria. When incomes of males and females were matched (24 pairs matched for gender and age), no difference in income was observed. There were no significant differences in income between males and females with and without children. Diplomates who did not complete a residency had significantly higher incomes than diplomates who did. Sixteen of 21 (76%) females and 9 of 19 (47%) males reported delaying having children because of their career. Additionally, a higher percentage of females with children (13/20 [65%]) than males with children (3/19 [16%]) felt that having children had had a negative effect on their career. Thirty-five of 41 (85%) females without children and 4 of 9 (44%) males without children thought having children would have negatively affected their careers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although substantial differences in income between female and male ACZM diplomates were not identified, differences in family planning and perceptions of the impact of having children on their careers did exist.

Background Increasing access to family planning helps to ensure the reproductive right, decrease unintended pregnancy, improve the health and nutritional status of children, reduction of maternal mortality, and enhance longer birth spacing. However, there is continually low utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods among low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods (LAPMs) and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the West Guji Zone, Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 507 women of reproductive age in the West Guji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia from April 15 to May 15, 2018. Data were collected by a structured, pretested, and interview-based questionnaire with open ended and closed ended questionnaire, then entered, and analyzed by SPSS Version 20. Bivariable and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. A 95% confidence interval (CI) AND P-value, Plain language summary Low utilization of LAPMs has been continually reported in low- and middle-income countries. Unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion might be related with unmet need of contraceptive. This study aimed to assess level of utilization of LAPMs among reproductive aged women in West Guji Zone Ethiopia. The findings from this research will help different stake holder by providing the level of current utilization of LAPMs and help them on planning how to strength the utilization by refereeing the associated factors. 507 Respondents were selected systematically: of which 51.1% of them utilize one of LAPMs currently. In conclusion the utilization may be affected by educational status of women, number of alive children, acceptance LAPMs by women, how treated by other staff during service delivery, and waiting time to get the service.

Objective We aimed to evaluate factors associated with early resumption of sexual intercourse after first childbirth and assess whether early intercourse is associated with unprotected intercourse, subsequent pregnancy, and unintended pregnancy over 6 months. Methods This secondary analysis used data from the First Baby Study, a prospective study of women aged 18–35 years with singleton pregnancies who delivered at 76 hospitals in Pennsylvania. At 1 and 6 months postpartum, women were asked about intercourse and the use of birth control since childbirth. We compared women who resumed intercourse in the first month after childbirth (early resumption) with those who resumed intercourse later, via multivariable logistic regression models. Results In our cohort, 261 of 2,643 women (9.9%) reported first intercourse within the first postpartum month (7–31 days). Women who resumed intercourse early were less educated, younger, and less likely to breastfeed, have had a perineal laceration, or have had an episiotomy than those who resumed intercourse later. In addition, they were more likely to have unprotected intercourse in at least one of the first 6 months after first childbirth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–3.09); to be pregnant by 6 months postpartum (aOR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.48–6.20); and to report that pregnancy as unintended (aOR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.50–7.36). Conclusions Nearly 10% of women resumed intercourse in the first month after childbirth. Because early resumption of intercourse was associated with a greater likelihood of unprotected intercourse and unintended pregnancy within 6 months of first childbirth, clinicians should focus efforts on comprehensive family planning and contraception counseling beginning in the prenatal period.