Search

The article discusses the problems of increasing the multiplier effect of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic as a result of investment, as well as ways to accelerate the economic growth of its spheres and individual enterprises. The problems of motivation to increase capital investments in order to increase production and competitiveness of marketable products remain without due attention. The aim of the study is to substantiate the transition of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic to an innovative and investment path of development, to more active methods of using advanced technologies and resource provision of investments, increasing the share of the intellectual component in their composition. The subject of the study is to determine the level of the multiplier effect of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic as a method for assessing its effectiveness and competitiveness. Research methods — quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of total costs, scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, systems approach, historical and logical method, statistical observations. The article reveals the main trends of the multiplier effect in the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic. It is proposed to increase the multiplier effect of the agro-industrial complex for business entities to focus on the tasks of coordinating the flows of available investment resources.

The paper deals with the toponymic material recorded in 2008–2019 from the Russian population of the mining settlements of Nyvchim, Kazhym, and Nychpas. All these small towns emerged due to iron mining development in the Komi Republic of the mid-18th century and the workforce migration from the central and northern parts of Russia related thereto. Analyzing the data from local toponymic systems, the authors discover motivations behind the local microtoponymy and the peculiarities of present-day place names in the region. Beyond that, the study deals with the names of intra-rural parts and periphery areas assimilated for economic, fishing, and other types of activities. Several groups of unofficial microtoponyms were highlighted: 1) titled by name/surname of the owner or user 2) referring to landscape and location features 3) situational microtoponyms. On the one hand, the analysis testifies to the adoption of Finno-Ugric names (hydronomy, above all) on the territory of the Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic. On the other hand, in the times of territory reclamation, there is an increase of Russian-based naming establishing territorial law, regulating agrarian, hunting, and fishing activities, helping residents to navigate. Some Russian names attest to the deep cultural memory of the settlers, the continuity of naming traditions which refer to the territories of exodus and maternal culture. Characteristically, the toponymic system of Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic shows a far smaller proportion of names related to religion, cults, and mythology compared to the rest of the Russian North.

The work is devoted to the analysis of the regularities of the movement of charcoal particles in the ecosystems of the middle taiga, northern taiga and southern tundra experiencing the influence of fires. Since coniferous vegetation is subjected to intense combustion, fires often lead to cyclical changes in the vegetation cover. The process of burning leads to the forest litter damage, making the soil cover vulnerable to erosion. Intense fires affect the amount of pyrogenic material that can be stored for thousands of years under favorable conditions. The aim of the research was to estimate the influence of environmental factors on the use of carbonaceous particles in modern time series (from 1 to 119 years). The features of soils (particle size distribution, moisture content), relief features (presence of depressions), the effect of precipitation material after a fire, as well as features of combustible litter were considered. On the territory of the middle and northern taiga, in the Pechora-Ilychsky and Pinezhsky reserves, textural-differentiated and alpha-humus soils are considered. On the territory of the southern tundra, in the area of the settlement Zapolyarny, peat-gley soils are considered. It was revealed that the migration of coal to the depth of the soil profile depends to the greatest extent on the particle size distribution – for example, in more sandy soils, coals are scattered throughout the profile, and in clay soils they are concentrated above the first fine-textured horizon. The nature of the coals determines their shape and size, which depend on the type of burnt plant community. Communities with a scattered stand, dominated by lichens in the moss-lichen cover, burn with the formation of microparticles of coal or dispersed carbonaceous particles that easily move along the soil profile (up to the depth of 80 cm). Plant communities with more tree species in their composition, during combustion form large carbonaceous particles, which are often present in the newly formed litter. Charcoal migration is influenced by both the climatic zone and post-pyrogenic erosion. Thus, depending on the variety of environmental conditions, the speed and volume of movement of carbonaceous particles change significantly both when comparing different natural zones and within one zone. Four schemes have been developed for the motion of charcoal along the profile over time: uniformly diffused, unevenly diffused, barrier and turbation.

We presented the updated list of flowering plants (Angiosperms) of the Komi Republic that comprises 1211 taxa (including subspecies), 401 genera, and 80 families. This checklist based on the authors field collections data, materials from the Scientific Herbarium of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, published data and open-access databases. For each taxon of flowering plants, we provided a presence-absence checklist of nucleotide sequences (rbcL,matK, ITS2 andtrnH-psbA) that is available in BOLD and GenBank databases of DNA barcode data. The presented dataset will promote the identification of potentially new species (including endemic taxa) for molecular taxonomy and including of new sequences into the global database of BOLD Systems using the regional flora as model object.

The paper aims to analyse methodological approaches to the development of rural areas, considering the environmental and economic conditions of the North. We claim that, from a social perspective, the sectoral approach based on the agricultural production policy is ineffective. It is advisable to apply an integrated approach. It considers rural development as a process of improving the life of the population who is directly related to the use of land and other biological resources included in the system of the geographical division of labour and related social relations. This study not only analyses production indicators but also assesses the potential and efficient use of rural areas and households. They include homesteads, public infrastructure, municipal infrastructure in rural (and partially urban) settlements and settlement systems, and natural landscapes with certain social and economic functions. The example of the Komi Republic demonstrates underutilisation of the rural natural resources and labour potential, an extremely small investment in rural infrastructure, and low living standards of the rural population. To improve the situation in the Republic, it is necessary to develop agriculture and assess its strategic trends, considering the objective need to increase the self-sufficiency of the population with crop and livestock products. Other directions for development are the diver- sification of the rural economy and its landscape adaptation; the strengthening of the relations between agriculture, forestry and developing manufacturing industry; the establishment of new relations in the agricultural sector following the «city — village» line. Moreover, it is essential to preserve the Northern ethnic culture and traditional economic activities and introduce environ- mental services into the economic specialisation of municipalities. The mechanisms for implementing these directions include innovative modernisation of rural spatial and economic systems, as well as tools for regulatory, organisational, and financial support of rural production and life that considers its Northern specifics. We identified a set of directions and mechanisms of strategic planning. Comparison of rural development with the officially adopted agricultural strategies and programmes revealed that they differ significantly, especially in social and territorial aspects. It is necessary to eliminate this significant gap in the spatial development planning for improving the living standard of the rural population.

Over the last years, an increasing rate of ixodes tick bites has been registered in the northern regions of the European Russia. In addition, the number of subjects request medical assistance due to tick bites has been dramatically increased in the Komi Republic. In addition, incidence of tick-borne encephalitis was also increased particularly starting since 2009. However, highly limited data on pathogen genetic diversity related to viral tick-borne infections in this region are currently available. Taiga ticks (Ixodespersulcatus) collected from the Komi Republic southern and central part vegetation were examined to identify and genotype tick-borne viruses. Individual ticks were used to identify by RT-PCR viral RNA coupled to tick-borne encephalitis and Kemerovo viruses. Viral genome fragment sequencing allowed to unambiguously identify these viruses. It was found that viral RNA tick-borne encephalitis was detected in 6.8±1.2% individual ticks. Moreover, tick-linked isolate genotyping based on analyzing E protein gene fragment nucleotide sequence derived from tick-borne encephalitis discovered that 35% and 65% isolates belonged to the Far Eastern and Siberian subtype, respectively. In addition, subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that at least four variants of the Siberian and Far Eastern subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis virus were detected, which were close to the viruses circulating in the Urals and Siberia. In contrast, prevalence of Kemerovo virus in taiga ticks was 0.8±0.2%. Sequencing of Kemerovo virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene fragment showed around 94% homology with the remainder of the Kemerovo virus strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the Kemerovo virus genome fragments demonstrated at least two subtypes circulating in the Komi Republic. Thus, it was suggested that tick-borne encephalitis virus was introduced relatively recently from the Urals and Siberian region into the natural foci of the Komi Republic. Moreover, genetic differences found in Kemerovo virus strains presume for them a longer lasting evolution throughout the natural foci of this region. In addition, a potential role for birds and their ticks in rapid spreading of viral tick-borne infections in the Komi Republic is also discussed. Thus, the data on genetic diversity of the viral agents related to tick-born encephalitis and Kemerovo fever may be useful for improving their diagnostics, prevention and treatment in the Komi Republic.

В большинстве арктических регионов России в последнее время снижается численность населения, что актуализировало значимость увеличения инвестиций в развитие социального потенциала территорий. Целью исследования стал анализ инвестиционной поддержки развития социального потенциала регионов Европейского Севера, которые полностью или частично относятся к Арктической зоне Российской Федерации. В результате определено, что увеличение инвестиций в социально значимые сферы, а также повышение инвестиционной привлекательности для корпоративного бизнеса могут оказать значительное влияние на формирование социального потенциала арктических территорий, поскольку позволят повысить доступность услуг здравоохранения, социальных услуг и образования и создадут условия для повышения качества данных услуг, в том числе за счет инфраструктурной обеспеченности высокотехнологичным оборудованием., Most of the Arctic regions of Russia are characterised by a decrease in population, which signifiesincreasing investment in the regional social potential development. The study aimed to analyse the investment support for the social potential development of the regions in the European North, fully or partially related to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The results showed that an increase in investment in socially significant areas, as well as an increase in regional investment attractiveness for corporate business, impacts developing social potential of the Arctic territories. It increases access to health care, social services and education and make pre-conditions for improving the quality of these services, including infrastructural provision with high-tech equipment., Экономика и управление: научно-практический журнал, Выпуск 6 (168) 2022

Статья базируется на итогах переписей населения (1897-2010 гг.), предметом исследования стали изменения этнической структуры населения Республики Коми, имеющей статус территориально-национального образования в виде республики, с широкими элементами государственности. Показывается, что промышленное освоение в 1920-1930 гг., а затем гулаговский период до конца 1950-х гг. привели к началу «этнической эрозии» коренного населения и частичной утрате им своей самобытности. Советский период – период экстенсивного освоения северных территорий привел к дальнейшему изменению этнического состава населения, доля коренной нации сократилась, особенно в городской местности, где удельный вес коми составляет менее половины. Обосновывается, что деформация этнических структур населения происходит преимущественно под влиянием миграционных процессов и как следствие – увеличение интенсивности ассимиляции коренного народа – коми. Делается вывод, что сохранение существующих тенденций уменьшения численности и доли коми в структуре населения приведет к дальнейшей потере коми своей самобытности. После опубликования итогов переписи населения 2021 г. предстоит оценить структурные изменения этнического состава, владение языками и процесса ассимиляции, произошедшие за последний межпереписной период., The article is based on the results of the population censuses (1897-2010), the subject of the study was the changes in the ethnic population structure of the Komi Republic, which has the status of a territorial-national entity in the form of a republic, with broad statehood elements. It is shown that industrial development in 1920-1930 and then the ‘Gulag” period until the end of the 1950s led to the beginning of "ethnic erosion" of the indigenous population and partial loss of their identity. The Soviet period – the extensive development period for the northern territories led to a further change in the ethnic population composition, the share of the indigenous nation has declined, especially in urban areas, where the share of Komi is now less than half. It is proved that the ethnic structures deformation occurs mainly under the influence of migration processes and, as a consequence, an increase in the intensity of indigenous Komi people assimilation. It is concluded that the existing trends preservation of decreasing the number and share of Komi in the population structure will lead to a further loss of the Komi identity. After the 2021population census results’ publication it is necessary to assess the structural changes in ethnic composition, language proficiency and assimilation process that have occurred over the last inter-census period., Human Progress, Выпуск 2 2022, Pages 13-13

The article examines the settlement and ethnic composition of the population living in the 1920s on the territory of the modern Komi Republic. Based on the data of the All-Russian Population Census of 1920 and the All-Union Population Census of 1926 for 105 municipalities, the study identifies the characteristics of the population at the local level, including the population dynamics, gender, age and national composition. The text reveals the spatial development patterns. The influence of remoteness from settlement centres on demographic processes is assessed. В статье рассматриваются расселение и этнический состав населения, проживавшего в 1920-х гг. на территории современной Республики Коми. Данные Всероссийской переписи населения 1920 г. и Всесоюз ной переписи населения 1926 г. в разрезе 105 волостей позволили изучить характеристики населения на местном уровне, включая динамику числен ности, половозрастной и национальный состав. Выявлены закономерно сти пространственного развития населения. Оценено влияние удаленности от центров расселения на демографическую динамику. Публикация подготовлена в рамках реализации государственного задания-ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН, номер государственной регистрации проекта FUUU-2021-0011 «Трансформации общества, власти и экономики в регионахевропейского севера России».

The aim of our work was to obtain chloroplast (trnH-psbA) and nuclear (ITS1-ITS2) DNA nucleotide sequences and identify the phylogenetic position of Phlojodicarpus villosus (Apiaceae). This species of vascular plants is represented in the Urals by isolated relic populations and is included in the regional Red Data Books. There is no data on P. villosus nucleotide sequences in the international open genetic databases. We studied two herbarium specimens of P.villosus, one collected from the Ural part of its range in the Komi Republic (Northern Urals) and the second collected from the main part of its range in the Magadan Region (Kolyma Highlands). Combining nuclear and chloroplast markers made it possible to reliably determine phylogenetic position of P. villosus within the tribe Selineae (subfamily Apioideae, family Apiaceae). We found ITS1-ITS2 and trnH-psbA nucleotide sequences to be sufficiently informative to identify specimens of this genus. High polymorphism of P. villosus sequences obtained from different parts of its range (Northern Urals and Kolyma Highlands) and the presence of evolutionary events (deletions) require more detail study of P. villosus and other Phlojodicarpus taxa by DNA barcoding methods., В международных открытых генетических базах данных отсутствуют сведения о нуклеотидных последовательностях для Phlojodicarpus villosus. Этот вид сосудистых растений представлен на Урале изолированными реликтовыми популяциями и включен в региональные Красные книги. Совместное применение ядерного и хлоропластного маркеров позволило надежно определить филогенетическое положение P. villosus в пределах трибы Selineae (подсемейство Apioideae, семейство Apiaceae). Установлено, что нуклеотидные последовательности ITS1-ITS2 и trnH-psbA достаточно информативны для того, чтобы идентифицировать представителей данного рода. Высокий полиморфизм полученных последовательностей P. villosus из разных частей ареала (Северный Урал и Колымское нагорье) и наличие эволюционных событий (делеции) оправдывает более пристальное изучение P. villosus и других таксонов рода Phlojodicarpus с использованием молекулярно-генетических методов.

Invertebrates are important elements of aquatic ecosystems and play a crucial role in the transformation of matter and energy in continental water bodies. Communities of aquatic invertebrates are characterised by high sensitivity to pollution by nutrients and toxic substances and acidification of water bodies; they serve as good bioindicators of the quality of the aquatic environment and impacts on hydroecosystems. All hydrobionts participate in the processes of self-purification of water bodies. The presented dataset provides information on the aquatic invertebrate community of a large northern river. During 2018-2020, we collected data on changes in the quantitative indicators of the development of benthic and planktonic communities, as well as the species diversity of their fauna. The dataset combines information about the occurrence and abundance of benthic and planktonic invertebrates and summarises data of aquatic invertebrate species found in the Vychegda River in the zone of influence from the pulp and paper mill. The presented dataset is part of a monitoring programme of the river ecosystems in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC (the European North-East of Russia, Komi Republic). The dataset describes the structure of benthic invertebrate and plankton communities in the Northern Dvina River Basin. The data on the finding and abundance of large taxa of aquatic invertebrates and species of some groups: Oligochaeta, Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera are presented. In total, the resource includes 8720 findings of invertebrates, of which 6041 are for zoobenthos organisms and 2679 for zooplankton organisms.

The sharp rising incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Komi Republic at the North-east of European Russia was recorded last decades. Tick-bite incidence also was grown. Rapid rise of TBE incidence growth and Ixodidae ticks depends on a number of factors, and the impact of climate change being one of them. Ixodes persulcatus ticks is considered as a main vector of TBE in Komi. Our objective is to estimate the influence of air temperature change on the tickbite incidence and Ixodes persulcatus population in Komi. Komi Republic is located near the Polar circle where the northern frontier of Ixodes persulcatus ticks situated and we expected the growth of tick’s population. The number of Komi inhabitants seeking medical care after tick bites in 1992–2014 was considered. Gridded monthly air temperature data with grid size 0.5 degree were recalculated to temperature referred to Komi administrative units. The time series of annual number of tick victims from 1992 till 2014 and model air temperature from 1948 till 2016 for all Komi administrative units were compiled. We analyzed the data on tick-bite incidence in Komi administrative units in relation to changes in local annual average air temperature within the study area. The linear dependence of the tick-bite incidence on air temperature was established when of the tick-bite incidence is represented in logarithm form. The tick population depends not only on temperature but humidity, landcover and hosts. Described areas of Komi belong to humid climate, where precipitations exceed evaporation. Most of the Komi territory is covered by taiga with underwood, grass and bush. Hosts of the first and the major levels are represented by birds and rodents. The dependence of tick-bite incidence and temperature looks like “Malthus’s law”, but the development of population depends on temperature not on time. The exponential growth in the nearest future will ceased and the population will proceed to stable phase. Ticks population in Komi Republic is moving to the North and the air temperature determines the dynamics of population.

The purpose of the data paper was to introduce into scientific literature the results of scientific work carried out for the third edition of the 'Red Data Book of the Komi Republic'. The article reflects methodological approaches to the formation of a list of rare and in need of protection species and describes the corresponding datasets published in GBIF. Information about 7,187 occurrences of 438 rare species and infraspecies included in the third edition of the 'Red Data Book of the Komi Republic' have been published.

Впервые исследована флора печёночников бассейна р. Торговая (Приполярный Урал, Республика Коми, национальный парк «Югыд Ва»). Выявлено 40 видов из 25 родов, 16 семейств, пяти порядков, двух классов. Приводится аннотированный список видов. Видовое разнообразие печёночников бассейна р. Торговая составляет 70% от флоры северной части Приполярного Урала. Для исследованной флоры 37 видов указываются впервые. Все виды ранее были найдены на Приполярном Урале. Есть основания полагать, что находки новых для территории исследования видов печёночников продолжатся. Проанализирована флора бассейна р. Торговая. Наиболее разнообразны по видовому составу семейства Anastrophyllaceae (8 видов), Scapaniaceae и Lophoziaceae (по 7 видов). Среди родов высоким разнообразием выделяются Scapania (6 видов) и Lophozia (5). Основу исследованной флоры составляют арктобореальномонтанные (22 вида), арктомонатнные (7) и бореальные (6) элементы. Доля циркумполярных и почти циркумполярных видов очень высока (97.5% всех видов). Большинство выявленных печёночников предпочитают расти в местообитаниях с умеренными условиями увлажнения (80,0% всей флоры) и пониженной кислотностью субстрата (85%). Структура (таксономическая, географическая и экологическая) исследованной флоры проявляет ярко выраженные горные черты. Она сходна с таковой северной части Приполярного Урала., Flora of liverworts was for the first time studied on the Torgovaya River Basin (Subpolar Urals, Komi Republic, «Yugyd Va» national park). Collected list includes 40 taxa from 25 genera, 16 families, five orders, two classes. Annotated list is provide. The species diversity of the liverworts of Torgovaya River is 70% of the northern part of the Subpolar Urals flora. 37 species are first cited for the investigated flora. All species were previously found in the Subpolar Urals. The level and number of knowledge on liverworts occurring in the basin of Torgovaya River is expected to increase with further investigations. The studied liverwort flora was analyzed. Anastrophyllaceae has the highest level of species diversity (8 species). Scapaniaceae and Lophoziaceae includes seven species each. Among the genera, the highest diversity was found for Scapania (6 species) and Lophozia (5). Arctoborealmontane (22 species), arctomontane (7) and boreal (6) species are most numerous there. The rates of circumpolar and nearly circumpolar liverworts are very high (97.5% all species). Most of the identified liverworts prefer to grow in habitats with moderate moisture conditions (80% all species) and low substrate acidity (85%). The structure (taxonomic, geographical and ecological) of the studied flora exhibits mountain features. It is similar to that of the northern part of the Subpolar Urals.

В современных условиях происходит усиление воздействия негативных факторов на развитие финансовой системы как на уровне государства, так и регионов, в частности, возрастает дифференциация доходов населения, уровень бюджетной обеспеченности, уровень инфляции превышает установленные целевые значения, складываются негативные тенденции динамики закредитованности граждан, задолженности и убыточности предприятий. При этом существующие методики диагностики индикаторов и угроз финансово-бюджетной и экономической безопасности не в полной мере учитывают указанные факторы, требуется актуализация подходов, особенно на региональном уровне, для целей своевременной корректировки стабилизационных решений, реализации обоснованной финансовой политики. В статье рассмотрены основные подходы к понятиям рисков и угроз финансово-бюджетной безопасности региона, а также представлена авторская классификация угроз по сфере распространения. Обоснован механизм диагностики угроз финансово-бюджетной безопасности региона, проанализированы подходы к оценке угроз, разработана методика диагностики угроз финансово-бюджетной безопасности с использованием 12 индикаторов, основанная на приведении фактических значений показателей к балльным нормированным значениям. Кроме того, для определения степени опасности угроз проведено распределение значений уровня индикаторов по зонам безопасности. Предлагаемая методика была апробирована в процессе анализа показателей финансово-бюджетной безопасности Республики Коми. В результате были выявлены существенные угрозы финансово-бюджетной безопасности региона в области экономического развития, бюджетной, налоговой, инвестиционной, инновационной, инфляционно-ценовой, банковской, корпоративно-финансовой и социальной сферах. В качестве исходных данных исследования использовались статистические данные Росстата, Федеральной таможенной службы России, Федеральной налоговой службы России, Банка России. Предлагаемый методический подход может служить эффективным инструментом диагностики угроз финансово-бюджетной безопасности региона на основе комплекса групп индикаторов, определяющих для регионального развития, и может быть использован органами государственной власти федерального и регионального уровня при осуществлении ими мониторинга состояния финансово-бюджетной сферы регионов. Nowadays, the influence of negative factors on the fiscal system has been strengthening at both the country and regional levels. In particular, income differentiation and fiscal capacity are increasing, inflation rate exceeds the target, negative trends of growing household debt and enterprise unprofitability are observed. Such factors are not fully considered by existing diagnostic methodologies for analysing fiscal and economic security indicators and threats. Thus, in order to adjust stabilisation decisions and implement relevant fiscal policies, it is necessary to update these approaches, especially in regions. The paper examines key definitions of threats and risks to regional fiscal security and presents the author’s classification of threats according to the incidence. Based on the analysed approaches to threat assessment and a proposed diagnostic mechanism, the research developed a method for diagnosing threats to regional fiscal security by bringing the actual values of indicators to standardised points. In addition, to determine the danger level of threats, indicator values were distributed by security zones. The suggested methodology, which includes 12 indicators, was used to analyse the fiscal security of the Komi Republic. As a result, significant threats to the regional fiscal security were identified in the economic, budget, tax, investment, innovation, price, banking, corporate and social spheres. Baseline data were obtained from Federal State Statistics Service, Federal Customs Service of Russia, Federal Taxation Service of Russia and the Bank of Russia. The proposed methodology is an effective diagnostic tool for analysing threats to fiscal security on the basis of important regional indicators. Federal and local authorities can use this particular method for monitoring regional fiscal systems.

Рукопись поступила в редакцию 14.05.2020. Received on 14 May 2020. В статье представлен анализ топонимических материалов, записанных сотрудниками Института языка, литературы и истории ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в ходе полевых экспедиций 2008–2019 гг. в русских заводских поселениях Нювчим (Сыктывдинский район), Кажым и Нючпас (Койгородский район) Республики Коми. Возникновение этих поселений связано с открытием на данной территории железорудных промыслов в середине XVIII в., сопровождавшимся массовым переселением сюда крестьян из центральных и северных губерний России. Как показало проведенное авторами исследование, на территории русских заводских поселений Республики Коми происходило, с одной стороны, освоение русской топонимической системой финно-угорских названий — прежде всего гидронимов, от которых путем метонимического переноса возникали топонимы других типов, в том числе названия поселений. С другой стороны, в процессе освоения территории постепенно формировался новый слой топонимического ландшафта, основанный на собственно русских номинациях частей поселков, речек и ручьев, озер, болот, сельско-хозяйственных и промысловых угодий. Русские номинации закрепляли территориальное право, регламентировали земельные и иные отношения, позволяли местным жителям ориентироваться в пространстве. Отдельные русские топонимы демонстрируют глубину исторической памяти переселенцев, преемственность принципов номинирования, отсылающих к территориям исхода и материнской культуре. Авторами проанализированы материалы, связанные со сложившейся в поселениях топонимической системой, выявлены причины возникновения и особенности функционирования некоторых микротопонимов в настоящее время. Выделены группы микротопонимов, образованных на основе имени / фамилии / прозвища владельца или пользователя, ситуативные микротопонимы, а также названия, отражающие характер ландшафта и месторасположение объектов. Интересным наблюдением авторов является то, что в топонимической системе русских заводских поселений Республики Коми, в отличие от сел и деревень Русского Севера, лишь единичными примерами представлены номинации, связанные с религиозной, сакральной, мифологической тематикой. The paper deals with the toponymic material recorded in 2008–2019 from the Russian population of the mining settlements of Nyvchim, Kazhym, and Nychpas. All these small towns emerged due to iron mining development in the Komi Republic of the mid-18th century and the workforce migration from the central and northern parts of Russia related thereto. Analyzing the data from local toponymic systems, the authors discover motivations behind the local microtoponymy and the peculiarities of present-day place names in the region. Beyond that, the study deals with the names of intra-rural parts and periphery areas assimilated for economic, fi shing, and other types of activities. Several groups of unoffi cial microtoponyms were highlighted: 1) titled by name/surname of the owner or user 2) referring to landscape and location features 3) situational microtoponyms. On the one hand, the analysis testifi es to the adoption of Finno-Ugric names (hydronomy, above all) on the territory of the Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic. On the other hand, in the times of territory reclamation, there is an increase of Russian-based naming establishing territorial law, regulating agrarian, hunting, and fi shing activities, helping residents to navigate. Some Russian names attest to the deep cultural memory of the settlers, the continuity of naming traditions which refer to the territories of exodus and maternal culture. Characteristically, the toponymic system of Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic shows a far smaller proportion of names related to religion, cults, and mythology compared to the rest of the Russian North.

The role of soil invertebrates in the cycle of substances, soil-forming processes and the provision of ecosystem services is undeniable. Therefore, soil invertebrates are valuable in bioindication studies. Comprehensive research of soil invertebrates in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC as the largest pulp and paper enterprise in the European part of Russia was initiated in 2003. A huge amount of data about composition, abundance and structure of soil macro- and mesofauna along an impact gradient was accumulated during the period from 2003 to 2019 years. These data can be used to study local biodiversity, monitor the state of soil invertebrate communities and assess the impact of the pulp and paper industry on the environment. Datasets here presented include information from a monitoring programme for soil invertebrates that inhabit coniferous forests in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC (Komi Republic). The assemblages' structure of macrofauna, collembolans and nematodes are described. Information on the number of individuals of springtail species, nematodes genera and macrofauna taxa is given. A total of 11146 sampling events of macrofauna, 6673 sampling events of Collembola, and 2592 sampling events of Nematoda are recorded along a gradient of air pollution from pulp and paper industry emissions.

В статье рассмотрена динамика численности и национального состава населения Республики Коми с 1926 по 2020 гг. Предложена классификация сельских поселений региона по экономической специализации и преобладающей национальности. Объект исследования — 725 сельских населенных пунктов и групп населенных пунктов Республики Коми. Основываясь на демографических данных, собранных на уровне отдельных населенных пунктов, автором показано влияние экономической специализации поселений на этнодемографические процессы в регионе после 1970 г. Установлено, что демографически более устойчивыми являются сельские населенные пункты, специализирующиеся на сельском хозяйстве, а также с преобладающим коми населением либо без преобладающей национальности. Результаты исследования показывают изменения в демографических тенденциях последних десятилетий и позволяют оценить демографические перспективы региона. The article analyses the dynamics of the size and national composition of the population of the Komi Republic from 1926 to 2020. A classification of rural settlements by economic specialization and dominant nationality is proposed. The research examines 725 rural settlements and groups of settlements of the Komi Republic. Based on demographic data at the level of settlements, the article demonstrates the impact of economic specialisation of settlements on ethno-demographic processes in the republic in the period after 1970. The study shows that rural settlements specialising in agriculture, as well as with a predominant Komi population or without a dominant nationality, are more demographically stable. The research findings reveal changes in demographic trends in recent decades and make it possible to assess the demographic prospects of the region. Cтатья подготовлена в рамках выполнения плановой темы ИЯЛИ ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН «Трансформации общества, власти и экономики в регионах европейского Севера России» (№ 1021101115418-8). The article has been prepared in the framework of the project of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of RAS «Transformation of society, power and economy in regions of the European North of Russia» (No. 1021101115418-8).

The dataset with 49,726 bryophytes occurrences (49,261 moss occurrences and 465 liverworts occurrences), located predominantly on the territory European north-east Russia, is described in this data paper. The dataset was based on the digitised moss labels from the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Сenter of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences herbarium (SYKO). The information from the labels was recognised, cleaned and brought into compliance with the Darwin Core. More than 99.9% of occurrences were georeferenced with a precision of at least 3 km. For each occurrence, the original label image URL was given. The dataset contains occurrences of 539 moss and liverworts taxa (species and lower ranks) belonging to 190 genera and 75 families. Information about 49,726 bryophytes occurrences was published in GBIF. The dataset was based on label data of 94% of SYKO herbarium moss collection specimens. Most of the occurrences were described with the following fields: occurrenceID, institutionID, collectionCode, catalogNumber, basisOfRecord, scientificName, taxonRank, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, recordedBy, identifiedBy, associatedMedia, day, month, year, country, countryCode, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, geodeticDatum, coordinateUncertaintyInMetres, georeferencedBy.

The paper reports data on the dwelling №1 of the settlement Lasta VIII at Izhma river (Lasta village, Izhemsky District, Komi Republic). In 2001 T.V. Istomina discovered new materials for the study of the stone industry, pottery production, chronology and housebuilding of Choynovty or Garino culture of the Eneolithic Age. The dwelling was a semi-subterranean wood-frame house with a fireplace. A bifacial knapping was used for the production of flint arrowheads. A typologically uniform ceramics is represented by vessels ornamented with impressions of a comb stamp. Two radiocarbon dates were obtained for the fragments of charcoal that made up the burnt structure (?) of the dwelling – 4130 ± 90 (Le-6204) and 4770 ± 300 BP (Le-6205), of which the first is the most reliable. The dwelling № 1 of the settlement Lasta VIII is one-time assemblage. It allows attributing this site to the reference materials for the study of Choynovty culture as parallel of Garino culture in the northeast of Europe.

The aim of our work was to study seasonal dynamics of the Siberian fir Abies sibirica Ledeb. ectomycorrhizal morpho-anatomical structure, respiration rate and fluorescence. The study was carried out in the bilberry-sphagnum spruce forest in the middle taiga of the Komi Republic, Russia. The morpho-anatomical structure and fluorescence parameters were studied by light and luminescence microscopy. Thin root respiration was studied in intact fine roots in the field using an infrared gas analyzer. 12 subtypes of fungal mantels were revealed in ectomycorrhizal fir roots; their amount and composition demonstrated seasonal dynamic changes. At the beginning vegetation stage, the diversity and proportion of pseudoparenchymatous and double covers were maximal. Plant component of ectomycorrhizae that includes cortical parenchyma and stele had high activity of fluorescence during the entire vegetation period. The dynamics of staining of fungal component (fungal mantel and Hartig net) was more contrasting. The highest fluorescence intensity of cortical parenchyma was found in ectomycorrhizae with maximal fungal mantel thickness. High proportion of tannin cells in cortical parenchyma was related with low intensity of fungal mantel and Hartig net fluorescence. During vegetation season, maximal amount of intensively strained ectomycorrhizal elements occurred in July and unstrained – in June and August. Relation between fine roots respiration and an increase of brightly strained ectomycorrhizal structural elements in fir roots was not statistically significant. Root CO2-emission was lower in May and September in comparison with summer months. For respiration rate of fir fine roots we found its strong positive correlation with the litter temperature.

The article focuses on the origins of the name Mezen that refers to a large river in the north of the European part of Russia. The author critically reviews the earlier etymologies, in which the hydronym has been interpreted on the basis of the Ugric and Balto-Fennic-Sami data, and hypothesizes for Proto-Permic or Finno-Permic origins of the name as an alternative. According to this hypothesis, the name Mezen originates from an old lexical item related to the obsolete Komi-Zyrian mös and Udmurtian -mes (Permic *mεs) with the general meaning of ‘source, spring, brook,’ which in toponymy stands for ‘river’ or ‘stream’. In evidence of the former toponymic productivity of this Permic word, the author provides multiple examples of hydronyms with the determinant -mVs to be found on the territory of the Republic of Komi and adjacent regions — the Russian North and the Perm Region (Vaimos, Kochmas, Madmas, Chermos, etc.). The author suggests that the lexical unit correlating with the Komi-Zyrian mös, Udmurtian -mes, and Common Permic *mεs was once part of a more complex term represented not only in the name Mezen, but also in its North Russian “counterparts,” Mezen’ga and Mezenda, as well as in substrate toponymy of the Komi Republic (Mozyn / Mozym = Russian Mezen; Mozimdіn, Mozimlyva, Mozimözin) and in some substrate hydronyms of the modern Ob-Ugric areas (Khanty dialectal Mǒśaŋ = Russian Mozym, and Mоsəm = Nazym). Recognizing that ethnolinguistic attribution of the original lexical unit for these names seems problematic, the author is inclined to think that this is an old compound in which the final component, reconstructed as Common Permic *-εŋ, had the meaning of ‘river, stream’. Summing up all phonetic, morphological, semantic, and geographical evidence, the author concludes that the presently multilingual hydronyms of the MVsVn / MVsVm type most likely date back to the dialects of ancient “Permians,” still retaining the archaic elements of the Finno-Ugric period, or belong to the Finno-Permic lexical layer directly.

The formation and development of agricultural consulting in Northern and Arctic territories requires consideration of peculiarities of agriculture functioning. The article reviews the essence and specific features of agricultural consulting services. The author presents her definition of the relevant service, justifies the socio-economic background of the agricultural consulting system, explains the key role of this system in innovation development and transfer in the agricultural sector. The article studies the regional features of formation of information-consulting service in the agricultural sector of the Komi Republic influenced by types of agricultural structures, human and scientific-educational potential, innovative activity of agricultural enterprises and private farms. The author analyzes current activities of consulting services and factors constraining its development. To increase the coverage of the information-consulting service for agricultural producers and rural population, disseminate innovation for medium and small agricultural structures, the author has developed directions of the agricultural consulting system development and suggested the scheme of location and maintenance of inter-municipal agricultural consulting centers, their provision with specialist and financial resources. The article reviews the functions of the home office and inter-municipal consulting services. It justifies priority directions of participation of agricultural consulting services in the development and transfer of innovation to agricultural production. The research results can be used by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Komi Republic for establishing agricultural consulting services at the regional and municipal levels, as well as implementing measures for increasing innovation activity of agricultural enterprises and private farms of Northern regions

Occurrences of the invasive plant species Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. in the Komi Republic (northeastern part of European Russia) were recorded and published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF http://www.gbif.org) using the RIVR information system (http://ib.komisc.ru/add/rivr/en). RIVR stands for "Rasprostranenie Invasionnyh Vidov Rastenij" [Occurrence of Invasion Plant Species]. This citizen science project aims at collecting occurrence data about invasive plant species with the help of citizen scientists. Information can be added by any user after a simple registration (concept) process. However, the data published in GBIF are provided only by professional scientists. The total study area is approximately 19,000 km2. The GBIF resource contains 10894 H. sosnowskyi occurrence points, each with their geographical coordinates and photographs of the plants in the locus of growth. The preliminary results of species distribution modelling on the territory of European North-East Russia presented.

В статье выявлены и обоснованы направления развития проектного управления в Республике Коми. Особое внимание уделено оценке роли проектного управления в достижении целевых показателей Стратегии социально-экономического развития исследуемого региона; необходимости разработки дорожной карты по развитию институциональной среды в сфере государственночастного партнерства на территории Республики Коми; внедрению и закреплению на федеральном уровне методики предоставления и использования средств бюджетов бюджетной системы на реализацию региональных проектов; созданию на уровне региона единого информационного центра о реализации региональных проектов., The article identifies and substantiates the directions of development of project management inthe Komi Republic. Particular attention is paid to assessing the role of project management in achieving the targets of the Strategy for socio-economic development of the studied region; the need to develop a roadmap for thedevelopment of the institutional environment in the field of public-private partnership in the territory of the KomiRepublic; implementation and consolidation at the federal level of the methodology for the provision and use ofbudget funds of the budget system for the implementation of regional projects; the creation at the regional level ofa single information center on the implementation of regional projects., Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 2 (115) 2020

The paper aims to analyse methodological approaches to the development of rural areas, considering the environmental and economic conditions of the North. We claim that, from a social perspective, the sectoral approach based on the agricultural production policy is ineffective. It is advisable to apply an integrated approach. It considers rural development as a process of improving the life of the population who is directly related to the use of land and other biological resources included in the system of the geographical division of labour and related social relations. This study not only analyses production indicators but also assesses the potential and efficient use of rural areas and households. They include homesteads, public infrastructure, municipal infrastructure in rural (and partially urban) settlements and settlement systems, and natural landscapes with certain social and economic functions. The example of the Komi Republic demonstrates underutilisation of the rural natural resources and labour potential, an extremely small investment in rural infrastructure, and low living standards of the rural population. To improve the situation in the Republic, it is necessary to develop agriculture and assess its strategic trends, considering the objective need to increase the self-sufficiency of the population with crop and livestock products. Other directions for development are the diversification of the rural economy and its landscape adaptation; the strengthening of the relations between agriculture, forestry and developing manufacturing industry; the establishment of new relations in the agricultural sector following the «city — village» line. Moreover, it is essential to preserve the Northern ethnic culture and traditional economic activities and introduce environmental services into the economic specialisation of municipalities. The mechanisms for implementing these directions include innovative modernisation of rural spatial and economic systems, as well as tools for regulatory, organisational, and financial support of rural production and life that considers its Northern specifics. We identified a set of directions and mechanisms of strategic planning. Comparison of rural development with the officially adopted agricultural strategies and programmes revealed that they differ significantly, especially in social and territorial aspects. It is necessary to eliminate this significant gap in the spatial development planning for improving the living standard of the rural population. Анализ методологических подходов к развитию сельских территорий с учетом северных природно-экономических условий является целью настоящей статьи. Авторы полагают, что отраслевой подход, основанный на аграрно-производственной политике, с социальной точки зрения малоэффективен. Более правильным является комплексный подход, в рамках которого сельское развитие рассматривается как процесс совершенствования жизнедеятельности людей, непосредственно связанных с использованием земельных и других биологических ресурсов, включенных в систему географического разделения труда и соответствующих общественных отношений. Комплексность в представленном исследовании, кроме анализа производственных показателей, включает оценку и рациональное использование потенциальных возможностей сельской местности с охватом домашних хозяйств — усадеб, инфраструктуры общинного предназначения, муниципального хозяйства в границах поселений и систем расселения сельских (и частично городских) жителей, придание природным ландшафтам определенных социальных и экономических функций. Пример Республики Коми показывает низкий уровень использования природно-ресурсного и трудового потенциала села, крайне малый объем инвестиций в инфраструктуру сельской местности, низкий уровень жизни сельского населения. Первые предпосылки к улучшению — развитие самого сельского хозяйства, достоверная оценка его стратегических тенденций с учетом объективной необходимости роста уровня самообеспеченности населения республики продукцией растениеводства и животноводства. Выявлены и другие предпосылки: диверсификация сельской экономики и ее ландшафтная адаптация, укрепление связей земледелия с лесопользованием и развитием обрабатывающей промышленности, формирование новых отношений в агропромышленном комплексе и по линии «город — деревня», сохранение северной этнокультуры и традиционных видов хозяйственной деятельности, введение экологических услуг в хозяйственную специализацию низовых муниципальных образований. К механизмам реализации данных направлений отнесены инновационная модернизация территориально-хозяйственных систем сельского типа, инструменты нормативно-правового, организационного и финансового обеспечения производства и сельской жизни с учетом ее северной специфики. Совокупность «направлений и механизмов» определена в качестве предмета стратегического планирования. Сравнение предметной сущности сельского развития с содержанием официально принятых стратегий и программ в области аграрной политики показало их значительное разногласие, особенно в социально-территориальной части. Это существенный пробел в организации планирования пространственного развития; его устранение необходимо для повышения качества и уровня жизни сельского населения.

Арктические территории России новый объект государственной политики и управления, требующий усиленного научного сопровождения. В рамках обеспечения устойчивого развития таких территорий сегодня актуальны якорные проекты развития, система государственного протекционизма, дополнительные потребности в энергетической, бытовой и транспортной инфраструктурах и т.п. Очевидно, что в настоящее время предъявляются особые требования к закреплению населения на арктических территориях России, сокращению его миграционной убыли, формированию и накоплению качественного человеческого капитала арктических территорий. Человеческий капитал арктических территорий это важнейший вопрос, напрямую связанный со всевозможными аспектами освоения природных ресурсов арктических территорий России: историческая и современная значимость возобновляемых и невозобновляемых ресурсов Арктики в обеспечении социальноэкономического развития России не подлежит сомнению. Сегодня существующие наработки в сфере управления социальным и экономическим развитием арктических территорий России выходят на фундаментальную проблему, грани которой определяются общественными процессами (например, эффект арктического удорожания жизнедеятельности), рамки которых ограничены экономической и социальной активностью, и целями государственного управления, декларативно направленными на обеспечение развития экономики таких территорий. Человеческий капитал движущая сила освоения арктических территорий, основным фактором накопления которой является достойный уровень жизни населения, поскольку именно возможности человека в доступе к ресурсам развития определяют не только качество производительных способностей человека, но и актуализируют задачи накопления человеческого капитала. На наш взгляд, ориентиры современного арктического вектора государственного управления в России сегодня должны составлять выработанные учеными арктических и приарктических стран общие концептуальные положения, в числе которых протекционизм в экономике, приоритеты устойчивого социальноэкономического развития, а также необходимость сохранения и преумножения человеческого капитала арктических территорий., The Arctic territories of Russia are a new object of state policy and management, requiring enhanced scientific support. As part of ensuring the sustainable development of such territories, anchor development projects, a system of state protectionism, additional needs for energy, household and transport infrastructures, etc. are relevant today. It is obvious that at present special requirements are being placed on securing the population in the Arctic territories of Russia, reducing its migration loss, forming and accumulating quality human capital of the Arctic territories. The human capital of the Arctic territories is a crucial actor that is directly related to all kinds of aspects of developing the natural resources of the Arctic territories of Russia. The historical and current importance of renewable and nonrenewable resources of the Arctic in ensuring the socioeconomic development of Russia is beyond doubt. Today, the current developments in the sphere of managing the social and economic development of the Arctic territories of Russia come to a fundamental problem, the boundaries of which are determined by social processes (for example, the effect of the Arctic cost of living), the framework of which is limited by economic and social activity, and public administration goals, declaratively aimed at ensuring development economies of such territories. The human capital is the driving force for the development of the Arctic territories, the main factor of accumulation of which is a decent standard of living of the population, since it is precisely the persons ability to access development resources that determine not only the quality of human productive capabilities, but also actualize the tasks of accumulating human capital. The analysis of the role of the migration factor in the formation of human capital in the Arctic territories of Russia was the goal of this study. The analysis of the human capital of the territories of the western sector of the Russian Arctic and the study of the relationship of the migration situation in the Arctic territories with their functional specificity made up the main objectives of the study. Logical and statistical analysis methods were applied in this study., №2(14) (2019)

Формирование и эффективное использование финансовых ресурсов в секторе домашних хозяйств становится одной из ключевых задач выхода из кризиса и динамичного социальноэкономического развития страны. Целью статьи является исследование источников формирования среднедушевых ежемесячных располагаемых ресурсов домашних хозяйств и определение уровня их роста в Республике Коми (РК). Научная новизна состоит в комплексном анализе располагаемых ресурсов домашних хозяйств РК для определения возможности финансирования ими своего потребления и создания сбережений. Получены следующие результаты: уточнена сущность понятий домашнее хозяйство и финансы домашних хозяйств выявлены факторы роста и падения реальных среднемесячных располагаемых ресурсов омохозяйств обнаружены минимальные изменения в структуре доходов домохозяйств по источникам формирования, из которых следует, что преобладающее положение в ней продолжают занимать доходы от заработной платы и социальных выплат показано, что, несмотря на рост объема среднедушевых реальных располагаемых ресурсов РК в 2017 г., он еще ниже, чем до кризисного года (в 2013 г.) выявлен высокий уровень дифференциации между квинтильными группами с наибольшими (V группой) и с наименьшими доходами (I группой) домохозяйств в регионе по сравнению с в целом по России, что свидетельствует об очень большой численности бедных домохозяйств в регионе обнаружена высокая доля суммы привлеченных средств и израсходованных сбережений в структуре располагаемых ресурсов домохозяйств, связанная с нехваткой денежных доходов домохозяйств. Основные выводы и перспективы исследований состоят в обеспечении устойчивого роста объема и стабильной структуры реальных среднедушевых располагаемых ресурсов домашних хозяйств, которые могут быть использованы для выработки социальноэкономической политики северных регионов, а именно при совершенствовании механизмов для повышения уровня и качества жизни домохозяйств и их членов., Formation and efficient use of financial resources in the household sector is one of the key tasks of overcoming the crisis and ensuring sustainable socioeconomic development of the country and regions. The article aims at studying the sources of per capita monthly disposable household incomes and finding the patterns of their dynamics in the Republic of Komi (RK). Scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the available monetary resources of households in RK on the basis of a sample survey of household budgets in order to assess perspectives of consumption and savings. The following results are obtained: the concept of household and household finance is clarified the factors of growth and decline in real (adjusted for price change) average monthly disposable household income are revealed the minimal changes in the structure of household income by sources of formation are found (incomes from wages and social payments continue to occupy the prevailing position). It is shown that despite the increase in the volume, per capita real disposable income in the Komi Republic in 2017 is even lower than before the crisis period (i.e., year of 2013). There exists high differentiation between the quintile groups with the highest income (group V) and the lowest income (group I) of households in the Republic of Komi compared to the Russia as a whole it indicates a very large number of poor households in the region a high proportion of of attracted funds and savings spent in the structure of available resources, associated with the lack of household income was found. The main finding of the research is the confirmation of the need to ensure sustainable growth in the volume and stable structure of real per capita disposable household incomse, which can be used to develop socioeconomic policy in the northern region able to enhance households wellbeing., №2 (2019)

Рассмотрены условия труда работников, занятых на технологических процессах термошахтного способа добычи высоковязкой нефти Ярегского месторождения Республики Коми. Проведена сравнительная оценка условий труда на угольных шахтах Кузбасса и шахтах по добыче нефти; рассмотрены принципы формирования профессиональных заболеваний в зависимости от преобладающих вредных производственных факторов. Определены классы условий труда для различных профессий нефтедобывающей отрасли. Дана оценка уровня риска возникновения профессиональных заболеваний работников ведущих профессий подземной группы нефтяных шахт в зависимости от стажа работы в контакте с вредными производственными факторами и вида профессионального заболевания., Labour conditions of workers occupied at the technical process of the thermoshaft method for high-viscosity index oil production of the Yaregskoe field in the Komi Republic are considered. The comparative assessment of labour conditions in Kuzbass coal mines and oil mine is given. The principals of the formation of occupational diseases depending on predominant occupational hazards are reviewed. Working conditions ratings for different professions in the oil industry are determined. The assessment of the risk level of occupational diseases for workers in the leading professions of the underground group of oil mines, depending on their work experience in contact with harmful production factors and the type of occupational disease., №1(9) (2019)

The territory of the municipality of the city district "Vorkuta" is referred to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the Komi Republic. It is not necessary to talk about some specific "Arctic" ethno-national policy in that municipality, different from the model of the national scale. Therefore, ethno-national policy is analyzed in general for the whole Republic, and then its features are revealed in the municipality "Vorkuta," which is the part of the Russian Arctic. The analysis of the list of regulating and strategic documents reflecting the specifics of the matter, together with an extensive existing infrastructure, allows to conclude about the formation of a regional model of ethnic policy in the Komi Republic. In addition, the incoordination of a number of documents is noted, as well as some inconsistencies of ethno policy to federal standards. Ethno policy in municipality "Vorkuta" is generally carried out in the framework of a regional trend. Standard maintenance includes various municipal programs and plans. The conclusion about the need to improve the conceptual foundations of the Arctic vector of ethno policy has been made.

The successful development of Northern and Arctic areas depends on sustainable functioning of the agricultural sector. Agriculture and fishing agriculture is a way of life of the indigenous population. The article discusses the state of agriculture and food self-sufficiency in the Komi Republic in the years of relatively stable development (1960-1980) and in the conditions of market reforms. It analyzes production and consumption of food and shows a positive effect of modernization processes on the agricultural sector in the pre-reform period. It studies market transformation of the agrarian economy, accompanied in the 1990s by the sharp decline in agricultural production, degradation of productive capacity, rural demography, rural infrastructure, decrease in living standard of farmers, and disparity of prices on agricultural and industrial products. The paper discloses trends in food self-sufficiency of the northern region in 1980-2013 and reveals reasons for the decrease in its level in the period of market reforms. It considers possible scenarios to develop the agrarian sector and food self-sufficiency. To predict the agriculture development the author identifies strong and weak sides, opportunities and threats by means of SWOT-analysis. The article proposes 3 scenarios: inertial (pessimistic), baseline and optimistic. It finds out the most reasonable optimistic development scenario based on innovative modernization for the Komi Republic. The study results can be used to adjust the current State program of agricultural development and elaborate the strategy of the agro-food sector of the region.

The article discusses the dynamics of the number in the Komi Republic over a long period of time (1897-2018), presents the components of demographic dynamics, the results of natural and mechanical migration. Рассматривается динамика численности населения Республики Коми за относительно длительный период времени (1897-2018 гг.), приводятся компоненты демографической динамики, результаты естественного и механического прироста населения.

В статье обозначена роль приоритетных национальных проектов как важнейшего государственного инструмента решения социально-экономических задач в стране и отдельно взятом регионе. Проведен анализ паспортов региональных проектов Республики Коми, объемов и источников их финансирования на 2019 2024 гг. Выявлены и исследованы факторы, препятствующие достижению ключевых целей национальных проектов в Республике Коми. Определены направления работы органов местного самоуправления республики организационного и функционального характера в решении региональных социально-экономических проблем.

В работе проанализированы материалы начала XXI в., записанные от русского населения заводского поселения Кажым Койгородского района, появление которого в Республике Коми связано с открытием железорудного промысла в середине XVIII в. Автор анализирует данные, связанные с праздничной культурой локальной традиции, в частности, с празднованием дня святителя и чудотворца Николая Мирликийского (22 мая - н. ст.). Систематизация данных позволила показать динамику празднования этого дня, формы бытования праздника во второй половине XX в. и механизмы его активизации в начале XXI в., культуру почитания водного источника. Материалы дали возможность описать предпринимаемые местными жителями, православной общиной и поселковой администрацией действия, которые направлены на реконструкцию праздника как сельского престольного., The article investigates folklore materials that were recorded at the beginning of the 21st century from the Russian population of the settlement of Kazhym which was founded in Komi Republic as a result of the development of ironworks in the middle of the 18th century. The author analyzes the data connected with the festive culture of the local tradition, in particular, celebration of Saint Nicholas’ Day. Systemization of data made possible to show the dynamics of celebration of this day, the forms of the existence of this holiday in the second part of 20th century and mechanisms of its revitalization in the beginning of 21st century, ways and conditions of honoring the village sacred object. The materials give the possibility to describe efforts of the local population, the Orthodox community and rural administration which aimed at the reconstruction of this day as a patronal festival (saint's day)., ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, Выпуск 5 2019

Сохранение природного капитала, борьба с деградацией земель для мирового сообщества является глобальной целью устойчивого развития, в рамках которой фиксируется задача устойчивого землепользования через достижение нейтрального баланса деградации земель. В России такие установки не являются приоритетными и устойчивое землепользование рассматривается в большей мере в отношении земель сельхозназначения. Тема экологизации земледелия является актуальной изза масштабных процессов деградации земель. Целью исследования явилась выработка направлений перехода к устойчивому землепользованию на основе оценки состояния и использования сельскохозяйственных угодий в северном регионе.В работе конкретизированы параметры снижения качественных характеристик использования сельскохозяйственных земель на основе индикаторов зеленого роста , показано влияние экстенсивной системы земледелия на ухудшение качественных характеристик почв Республики Коми. Предложены компоненты создания адаптивноландшафтной системы земледелия (АЛСЗ) в регионе и апробация данной системы в рамках базовых хозяйств по повышению плодородия почв в организациях республики при финансовой поддержке регионального бюджета. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при разработке стратегии развития агропродовольственного сектора республики и пилотной государственной программы развития АПК., A global goal of sustainable development for the world community is conservation of natural capital, combating land degradation, which sets the task of sustainable land use through achieving a zero net land degradation. Such installations are not a priority in Russia and sustainable land use is considered usually with regard to agricultural land. The topic of greening and biologization of agriculture is important because of the largescale processes of land degradation. The aim of the study was to develop the directions of transition to sustainable land use based on the assessment of the condition and use of agricultural land in the Northern region.Parameters of decrease in qualitative characteristics of use of agricultural lands on the basis of green growth indicators are concretized, influence of extensive system of agriculture on deterioration in quality of soils of the Komi Republic is shown in article. Suggested components to create adaptivelandscape cropping system in the region and the testing of this system in the framework of the base farms to increase the fertility of soil in organizations of the Republic with the financial support of the regional budget. The results of the study can be used to creation the strategy of the agrifood sector development in the region and formation a pilot state program of agricultural evolution., №2 (2019)

Today, the new guidelines of strategic planning for the development of Russia and its regions are increasingly determined by science and technological progress. The results of scientific research, which deserve attention in terms of improving the scientific, technical, and socioeconomic processes in the Northern and Arctic territorial and economic systems (in our case, the Komi Republic), are usually presented in the form of interdisciplinary projects that generate the results of studies on socioeconomic, humanitarian, and medical and biological problems as well as on the issues of preserving the biosphere and ecosystems with simultaneous development of bioresource economy, rational use of mineral and energy resources, spatial development, and creation and use of innovative technologies. The key idea of this article is implementing the new industrialization in the Komi Republic by taking into account the results of research conducted at the institutes of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The applied research of the institutes of Komi Scientific Centre is based on fundamental studies and closely connected with the practice of development and distribution of productive forces. It is focused on implementing the new paradigm of Northern policy aimed at not only the development of mineral and energy resources for external consumers but also at improvement, sustainable development, and creation of appropriate conditions for the people who put their roots in the North. Particular attention is drawn to the reproduction of human and natural resource potentials. The sectoral structure of the economy of the republic, and most other Northern and Arctic regions, will not change dramatically in the future, but the inner content of productive forces will be different in line with the concept of resource-based innovative development.

Accumulation of organic matter in spruce green moss Piceetum hylocomiosum and pine lichen Pinetum cladinosum forest communities after windfall was investigated. Phytomass of Piceetum hylocomiosum stand is 51.8 t • ha-1, and Pinetum cladinosum stand is 7.5 t • ha-1. Phytomass in the disturbed stands is 3.5 times less than in undisturbed spruce forest and 15 times less than in undisturbed pine forest. The undergrowth accumulates 2.8 t • ha-1 in spruce forest, and 0.9 t • ha-1 in pine forest after windfall. Number of trees, volume of wood, stock of organic matter was determined in coarse woody debris subject to decay class. Most of the dead trees (77–97 %) belong to the second decay class. Reduced competition for light and mineral nutrients influences the intensity of organic matter accumulation by tree plants. We detected that increasing radial growth of spruce and fir began before windfall. This demonstrates the stand drying. However, maximal rate of annual ring increment (2.03–2.17 mm for spruce and 3.98–4.07 mm for fir) was observed in 2009–2010 years. After windfall radial growth of undergrowth increased 2 times in Piceetum hylocomiosum and 7.7 times in Pinetum cladinosum. Height increment of spruce and fir understorey increased 2.2–2.6 times in spruce forest. As compared with undisturbed ecosystems height increment of pine understorey is 1.2–2.0 times higher on windbreak in Pinetum cladinosum.

Soil cover transformation and changes of morphological and chemical properties of Albeluvisols in clear-cuttings of middle taiga spruce forests were studied. The observed changes in structure and properties of podzolic texturally-differentiated soils at cuttings of spruce forests in the middle taiga subzone do not cause their transition to any other soil type. Soil cover of secondary deciduous-coniferous forests which replace cut forests are characterized with a varied soil contour and a combination of the main type of podzolic soils under undisturbed spruce forests. The increased surface hydromorphism in cut areas causes formation of complicated sub-types of podzolic texturally differentiated soils (podzolic surface-gley soils with microprofile of podzol) and enlarges their ratio (up to 35–38 %) in soil cover structure. Temporary soil over-wetting at the initial (5–10 years) stage of after-cutting self-restoring vegetation succession provides for soil gleyzation, improves yield and segregation of iron compounds, increases the migratory activity of humic substances. Low content and resources of total nitrogen in forest litters mark anthropogenic transformation processes of podzolic soils at this stage. Later (in 30–40 years after logging), soils in cut areas still retain signs of hydromorphism. Forest litters are denser, less acidic and thick with a low weight ratio of organic carbon as compared with Albeluvisols of undisturbed spruce forest. The upper mineral soil horizons under secondary deciduous-coniferous forests contain larger amounts of total iron, its mobile (oxalate-dissolvable) components, and Fe-Mn-concretions.

Agricultural production in the rural periphery of the North requires modernization because it is necessary to overcome the backwardness of its technical and technological level, to improve the provision of the population with local food products, to create competitive advantages in the local and regional markets, to use natural and human capital rationally, to raise the standard of living and quality of life of agricultural workers, to retain young people in rural areas, to reduce significant differentiation in socioeconomic development of remote and suburban areas. The period of market reforms was marked by the destruction of the material-technical base of agriculture, the sharp reduction in cultivated agricultural land, number of animals, number of workers, the deterioration of their professional level and quality of life, the decline in production of all kinds of agricultural products. In the period of market reforms the facilities and infrastructure basis of agriculture was destroyed, the volume of cultivated land reduced greatly, as well as the population of livestock, and the number of employees; their professional level and quality of life deteriorated, the production of all kinds of agricultural products reduced. Agriculture was deprived of possible technological re-equipment because of prices liberalization, the drastic reduction in state support and in the amount of investments. The article proves that current views on the lack of prospects for development of agricultural production in the rural periphery and the reorientation of rural residents on other activities are not acceptable. The authors point out the need to accelerate modernization in agriculture, and they conclude that sustainable agricultural and rural development is a long-term priority for the state and municipal authorities. The article considers the possibilities and necessity of intensifying modernization processes in the agricultural production of the rural periphery for the purpose of establishing food security in the northern region. The authors suggest ways and mechanisms to modernize agriculture in the peripheral areas of the Komi Republic that are connected with the improvement of living conditions of peasants, with staffing, scientific-information and advisory support, and with the creation of an effective system of state support. The research findings presented in the paper can be used for adjusting the current State Program for Development of Agro-Food Sector, as well as the similar program for the Komi Republic for 2021–2025

The article presents the problems of development and modernization of energy infrastructure priorities in rural areas of the Komi Republic. For the most part of rural population the achieved level of energy supply is the necessary minimum for the needs, and it has the low parameters of the energy and economy efficiency. The main directions of the rural energy supply modernization should be: the gas supply system development, the electric grid capacity growth and the construction of the modern small energy technologies (small central heating and power plants, modular boiler plants, efficient solid fuel boilers).

Актуальность развития туризма и рекреации в северных регионах России обусловлена увеличением потребности населения в туристско-рекреационных услугах, возрастанием объёмов туристских потоков и переоценкой роли этой отрасли в экономике региона, в частности, для сельских территорий, где он может выступить «точкой» роста. В работе дана оценка состояния внутренней туристско-рекреационной деятельности в Республике Коми, выделены ее базовые виды: природный, рекреационный и событийный. В структуре туристско-рекреационных потоков показана значительная доля (до 45 %) туризма на сельских территориях. Для оценки эффективности внутренней туристской деятельности на сельских территориях разработана методика субъектно-продуктовой оценки с учётом базовых видов туризма. Определена эффективность продуктов природного, рекреационного и событийного видов туризма. Сделан вывод о зависимости эффективности продуктов внутреннего туризма от потоков, генерируемых городской рекреацией и от доступности туристского продукта федеральных ООПТ, обладающих геологическими памятниками природы мирового уровня. Отмечена социально-культурная роль событийного туризма. Отражены базовые направления развития внутреннего туризма на сельских территориях Республики Коми с использованием положительного опыта и существующих ограничений в формировании туристской индустрии региона. Показан механизм формирования дестинаций как способ экономически эффективного сетевого взаимодействия субъектов туризма на основе использования туристских продуктов сельских территорий., The urgency of tourism and recreation development in the northern regions of Russia is caused by the increasing population's need for tourist and recreational services, increasing volume of tourist flows and a reassessment of the sector’s role in the region’s economy, in particular for rural areas where it can become a “growth point”. The paper assesses the state of internal tourist and recreational activities in the Republic of Komi, its basic types are identified: natural, recreational and event. The structure of tourist and recreational flows shows a significant proportion (up to 45 %) of tourism in rural areas. To assess the efficiency of domestic tourism activities in rural areas, the methodology for subject–product evaluation was developed, taking into account the basic tourism types. The efficiency of products of natural, recreational and event-based types of tourism was determined. The conclusion is made about the dependence of the efficiency of domestic tourism products on the flows generated by urban recreation and on the availability of a tourist product of federal protected areas having world-class geological monuments. The socio-cultural role of event tourism is noted. The basic directions of domestic tourism development in the rural areas of the Komi Republic are reflected, using the positive experience and existing limitations in formation of the tourist industry in the region. The mechanism of forming destinations is shown as a way of economically efficient network interactions of tourism subjects on the basis of using tourist products of rural territories., №5 (2018)

Проведено исследование популяции головешки-ротана P. glenii Dybowski, 1877 из водоемов Республики Коми, являющегося инвазийным видом рыб для территории России и ряда европейских стран. Основная цель данной работы определить морфобиологические особенности головешки-ротана, связанные с освоением новой части ареала, и возможность его дальнейшего расселения. На основе меристических признаков дана характеристика его малочисленной популяции в бассейне р. Вычегда. Анализ показал высокий уровень изменчивости и наличие аномалий развития позвоночного столба (20-57 % фенодивиантов в выборках). Предложена гипотеза о значительном вкладе в наблюдаемый характер изменчивости популяции P. glenii ограниченности и случайности набора генотипов особей, на базе которых произошло формирование новой популяции. Количественная характеристика питания, выполненная с помощью «индекса относительной значимости», указывает на преобладание в рационе питания организмов бентоса (55-92 %). Биологически значимое перекрывание пищевых ниш головешки-ротана при сравнении с лимнофильными представителями аборигенной ихтиофауны отмечено для ерша обыкновенного. Благодаря широкой норме реакции к различным экологическим факторам и короткому жизненному циклу ожидается дальнейшее распространение вида по бассейну р. Вычегда. Высокая степень озерности, являющаяся гидрологической особенностью среднего течения указанной реки, будет способствовать расселению данного вида на «межозерном» этапе инвазии. Водоемы поймы, выполняя функции рефугиума, обеспечат увеличение численности популяции ротана в районе вселения. В конечном итоге это приведет к развитию «речного» вектора инвазийного процесса, то есть постепенной интервенции магистрального русла и придаточной системы р. Вычегда и далее р. Северная Двина. Вследствие поедания части молоди аборигенных видов рыб и конкуренции за пищевой ресурс, головешка-ротан будет представлять экологическую опасность для водных экосистем всего Европейского Северо-востока России., Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877) is invasive species of fish for the territory of Russia and different European countries. That article is devoted to small population of Amur sleeper in Komi Republic, which a recently appeared in that territory. The study was intended to establishing the morphological and biological features associated with the formation of population of the new area and the possibility of its further settlement in Vychegda River. The analysis of different counting signs showed a high levels of variability and the presence of anomalies in the development of the vertebral column (20-57% of defective individual in the samples). The formation of a new population occurred on the basis of a limited and random set of individuals genotypes (the founder effect). A hypothesis what this was the reason for the high level of variability of morphological signs and their developmental anomalies is proposed. The characteristic of nutrition carried out by the “index of relative significance” indicates that the main part (55-92%) of their diet ration was benthic organisms. Biologically significant overlapping of the food niches produced by the Horn index is detected for Amur sleeper and ruff (Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758)). Significant tolerance level to environmental factors and short life cycle will yield to increase of density and further expansion of range square in Vychegda river basin. The middle flow of Vychegda river is characterized by a high degree of lakes abundance (15 ha of lakes to 1 km of river flow), that will be a favorable factor for occupancy of this species at the “lake” stage of invasion. A floodplain lakes which perform of the refugium functions will increase a density of Amur sleeper population in the introduction area. Eventually, this will lead to start of a “river” vector of the invasive process, and gradual migration in the main channel and the subordinate system of the Vychegda and Northern Dvina rivers. For aquatic ecosystems of European North-East of Russia Amur sleeper will represent an ecological hazard by eating of part of the juvenile stage individuals of aboriginal fish species and competing for the food resources.

В статье анализируется потенциал Республики Коми в области формирования территориального бренда в связи с заявлением в ноябре 2017 года министра культуры, туризма и архивного дела республики Сергея Емельянова о том, у муниципалитетов Коми есть свои бренды, находящиеся в разобщенном состоянии. Понятие бренда территории с позиции когнитивной психологии рассматривается как единый психологический комплекс ее восприятия, как знание, идентифицирующее объект брендинга с данной территорией и мотивирующее представителей целевых групп на совершение нужных субъекту брендинга действий. Бренд территории это прежде всего нематериальный актив для повышения конкурентных преимуществ территории и фактор привлечения ресурсов. В процессе определения ресурсных потребностей территории необходимо опираться на собственную стратегию развития, наличие которой обусловлено как требованиями законодательства, так и современными экономическими реалиями. Понимание ресурсных потребностей и их соотнесение с потребностями целевых групп позволяет сформулировать бренд-идею. Продвижение бренд-идеи в процессе формирования территориального бренда происходит при помощи таких коммуникационных инструментов, как минимизированные вербальные и визуальные образы (слоган и логотип), статические и динамические визуальные символы, формирование ассоциаций с персоналиями (знаменитыми историческими фигурами, политическими лидерами и т.п.), легендирование. Возможность применения данных инструментов в соотнесении со стратегией территориального развития и ресурсными потребностями рассмотрена на примере Республики Коми., The article analyzes the potential of the Komi Republic in the area of forming a territorial brand. The relevance of the work relates to the announcement in November 2017 of Sergey Yemelyanov, the Minister of Culture, Tourism and Archives of the Republic, about the disunity of territorial brands of Komi municipalities. The author regards the concept of brand of the territory from the standpoint of cognitive psychology as a single psychological complex of its perception, as knowledge that identifies the branding object with the given territory and motivates the representatives of target groups to perform the actions necessary for the subject of branding. The territory brand is, first of all, an intangible asset for increasing the competitive advantages of the territory and the factor of attracting resources. In the process of determining the resource needs of the territory, it is necessary to rely on own development strategy, the availability of which is conditioned both by the requirements of the legislation and by current economic realities... The article analyzes the potential of the Komi Republic in the area of forming a territorial brand. The relevance of the work relates to the announcement in November 2017 of Sergey Yemelyanov, the Minister of Culture, Tourism and Archives of the Republic, about the disunity of territorial brands of Komi municipalities. The author regards the concept of brand of the territory from the standpoint of cognitive psychology as a single psychological complex of its perception, as knowledge that identifies the branding object with the given territory and motivates the representatives of target groups to perform the actions necessary for the subject of branding. The territory brand is, first of all, an intangible asset for increasing the competitive advantages of the territory and the factor of attracting resources. In the process of determining the resource needs of the territory, it is necessary to rely on own development strategy, the availability of which is conditioned both by the requirements of the legislation and by current economic realities. Understanding of resource needs and their correlation with the needs of target groups allows formulating a brand idea. Promotion of the brand idea in the process of forming a territorial brand occurs with the help of such communication tools as generalized verbal and visual images (slogan and logo), static and dynamic visual symbols, the formation of associations with personalities (famous historical figures, political leaders, etc.), using, creation and promoting the legends. The possibility of applying these tools in correlation with the strategy of territorial development and resource needs is examined through the example of the Komi Republic. function show_eabstract() { $('#eabstract1').hide(); $('#eabstract2').show(); $('#eabstract_expand').hide(); } ▼Показать полностью

В Ботаническом саду Института биологии Коми научного центра УрО РАН изучается коллекция растений родового комплекса Sorbus. В настоящее время она включает 23 вида и более 40 образцов разного географического происхождения, а также девять сортов. Изучаемые растения находятся в прегенеративном и генеративном периодах онтогенеза. Определены морфобиологические особенности особей разных видов рябины на данных этапах развития. Интродуценты восточноазиатского происхождения в условиях Севера успевают полностью завершить цикл сезонного развития и отличаются высокой зимостойкостью. Растения, вступившие в генеративный период развития, формируют жизнеспособные семена. Опыты по вегетативному размножению с применением стимуляторов корнеобразования и без них показали разную способность полуодревесневших черенков видов и сортов рябины к укоренению. Наиболее перспективными для дальнейшего культивирования в условиях холодного климата и отбора декоративных и продуктивных форм могут рассматриваться виды восточноазиатского и американского происхождения, как наиболее зимостойкие. Следует привлечь к испытанию другие образцы не менее интересных в декоративном и плодовом отношении видов S. mougeottii и S. austriaca, а также выращивать растения этих видов из семян местной репродукции., In the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a collection of plants of the genus Sorbus complex is studied. Currently it includes 23 species and more than 40 samples of different geographical origin, as well as nine varieties. The studied plants are in the pregenerative and generative periods of ontogenesis. The morphobiological features of individuals of different species of mountain ash at these stages of development were determined. Introducers of East Asian origin in the conditions of the North have time to fully complete the cycle of seasonal development and are highly winter-resistant. Plants that have entered the generative period of development form full seeds. Experiments on vegetative reproduction with the use of stimulants of root formation and without them showed a different ability of half-woody cuttings of the species and varieties of mountain ash to rooting. The most promising for further cultivation in cold climates and the selection of decorative and productive forms can be considered species of East Asian and American origin, as the most winter-hardy. Other specimens of S. mougeottii and S. austriaca (species no less interesting as ornamental and fruit plants) should be brought to the test as well as plants of these species should be grown from the seeds of local reproduction.

В статье проводится анализ государственных и муниципальных закупок по 44/94 ФЗ и 223 ФЗ по услугам в области землеустройства и кадастровой деятельности Республики Коми. В проведенном исследовании рассмотрены услуги, имеющие в единой информационной системе в сфере закупок следующий код: «71.12.35.110: Услуги в области кадастровой деятельности», «71.12.34.110: Услуги в области землеустройства». Проведен анализ различных показателей государственных закупок, приведены статистические данные и дана оценка полученных результатов. Выделен ряд положительных и отрицательных признаков, характеризующих состояние государственных закупок по услугам в области землеустройства и кадастровой деятельности в Республике Коми., The article analyzes state and municipal procurement for services in the field of land management and cadastral activities of the Komi Republic under Federal law 44/94 and Federal law 223. In the conducted research, services were considered that have the following code in a single information system in the field of procurement: «71.12.35.110: Cadastral services», «71.12.34.110: Land management services». The analysis of various indicators of government procurement is carried out, statistical data are provided and an assessment of the received results is given. A number of positive and negative features characterizing the government and municipal procurement for services in the field of land management and cadastral activities in the Komi Republic are highlighted.

The article focuses on the origins of the name Mezen that refers to a large river in the north of the European part of Russia. The author critically reviews the earlier etymologies, in which the hydronym has been interpreted on the basis of the Ugric and Balto-Fennic-Sami data, and hypothesizes for Proto-Permic or Finno-Permic origins of the name as an alternative. According to this hypothesis, the name Mezen originates from an old lexical item related to the obsolete Komi-Zyrian mös and Udmurtian -mes (Permic *mεs) with the general meaning of ‘source, spring, brook,’ which in toponymy stands for ‘river’ or ‘stream’. In evidence of the former toponymic productivity of this Permic word, the author provides multiple examples of hydronyms with the determinant -mVs to be found on the territory of the Republic of Komi and adjacent regions — the Russian North and the Perm Region (Vaimos, Kochmas, Madmas, Chermos, etc.). The author suggests that the lexical unit correlating with the Komi-Zyrian mös, Udmurtian -mes, and Common Permic *mεs was once part of a more complex term represented not only in the name Mezen, but also in its North Russian “counterparts,” Mezen’ga and Mezenda, as well as in substrate toponymy of the Komi Republic (Mozyn / Mozym = Russian Mezen; Mozimdіn, Mozimlyva, Mozimözin) and in some substrate hydronyms of the modern Ob-Ugric areas (Khanty dialectal Mǒśaŋ = Russian Mozym, and Mоsəm = Nazym). Recognizing that ethnolinguistic attribution of the original lexical unit for these names seems problematic, the author is inclined to think that this is an old compound in which the fi nal component, reconstructed as Common Permic *-εŋ, had the meaning of ‘river, stream’. Summing up all phonetic, morphological, semantic, and geographical evidence, the author concludes that the presently multilingual hydronyms of the MVsVn / MVsVm type most likely date back to the dialects of ancient “Permians,” still retaining the archaic elements of the Finno-Ugric period, or belong to the Finno-Permic lexical layer directly. Статья посвящена проблеме происхождения гидронима Мезéнь, именующего крупную реку на севере европейской части России. Автор критически рассматривает выдвигавшиеся ранее этимологии, в которых гидроним интерпретируется на основе угорских и прибалтийско-финско-саамских данных, и предлагает в качестве альтернативной версии гипотезу о древнепермском или финно-пермском происхождении названия. Согласно этой гипотезе, в основе гидронима Мезень отражена древняя лексема, родственная устаревшему коми-зыр. мöс и удм. -мес (общеперм. *mεs), которое на лексическом уровне имеет значение ‘источник, ключ, родник’, а в топонимии используется в значениях ‘река, речка’, ‘приток’. Былая топонимическая активность этого пермского слова доказывается автором на примере значительного ряда гидронимов с детерминантом -мVс, известных на территории Республики Коми и сопредельных регионов — Русского Севера и Пермского края (Ваймос, Кочмас, Мадмас, Чермос и др.). По мнению автора, лексема, соотносимая с коми-зыр. мöс, удм. -мес, общеперм. *mεs, некогда входила в состав более сложного термина, отразившегося не только в названии Мезень, но и в его севернорусских «двойниках» Мезеньга и Мезенда, а также в субстратных топонимах Республики Коми (Мозын / Мозым = рус. Мезень; Мозимдін, Мозимлыва, Мозимöзин) и в отдельных субстратных гидронимах современного обско-угорского ареала (хант. диал. Mǒśaŋ = рус. Мозым и Mоsəm = Назым). Этноязыковую квалификацию исходной для этих названий лексемы автор считает затруднительной, однако склоняется к версии о том, что она представляла собой древнее сложение, в котором конечный компонент, реконструируемый как общеперм. *-εŋ, имел значение ‘река, речка’. По совокупности фонетико-морфологических, семантических и лингвогеографических показаний в статье заключается, что, скорее всего, разноязычные ныне гидронимы типа MVsVn / MVsVm восходят либо к наречиям древних «пермян», еще сохранявшим элементы архаики финно-угорского уровня, либо к собственно финно-пермскому пласту. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (projeсt 17-18-01351 “Contact and Genetic Ties of North-Russian Vocabulary and Onomastics”). Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РНФ «Контактные и генетические связи севернорусской лексики и ономастики» (проект 17-18-01351).

Background: The causes of the recent rise of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence in Europe are discussed. Our objective was to estimate the impact of air temperature change on TBE incidence in the European part of the Russian Arctic. Methods: We analysed the TBE incidence in the Komi Republic (RK) over a 42-year period in relation to changes in local annual average air temperature, air temperature during the season of tick activity, tick abundance, TBE-prevalence in ticks, tick-bite incidence rate, and normalised difference vegetation index within the area under study. Results: In 1998–2011 in RK a substantial growth of TBE virus (TBEV) prevalence both in questing and feeding ticks was observed. In 1992–2011 there was 23-fold growth of the tick-bite incidence rate in humans, a northward shift of the reported tick bites, and the season of tick bites increased from 4 to 6 months. In 1998–2011 there was more than 6-fold growth of average annual TBE incidence compared with 1970–1983 and 1984–1997 periods. This resulted both from the northward shift of TBE, and its growth in the south. In our view it was related to local climate change as both the average annual air temperature, and the air temperature during the tick activity season grew substantially. We revealed in RK a strong correlation between the change in the air temperature and that in TBE incidence. The satellite data showed NDVI growth within RK, i.e. alteration of the local ecosystem under the influence of climate change. Conclusions: The rise in TBE incidence in RK is related considerably to the expansion of the range of Ixodes persulcatus. The territory with reported TBE cases also expanded northward. Climate change is an important driver of TBE incidence rate growth.

Occurrences of the invasive plant species Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. in the Komi Republic (northeastern part of European Russia) were recorded and published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF http://www.gbif.org) using the RIVR information system (http://ib.komisc.ru/add/rivr/en). RIVR stands for “Rasprostranenie Invasionnyh Vidov Rastenij” [Occurrence of Invasion Plant Species]. This citizen science project aims at collecting occurrence data about invasive plant species with the help of citizen scientists. Information can be added by any user after a simple registration (concept) process. However, the data published in GBIF are provided only by professional scientists. The total study area is approximately 19,000 km2. The GBIF resource contains 10894 Heracleum sosnowskyi occurrence points, each with their geographical coordinates and photographs of the plants in the locus of growth. The preliminary results of species distribution modelling on the territory of European North-East Russia presented.

L’identité finno-ougrienne joue un rôle fondamental dans la société komie depuis l’éveil national du XIXe siècle. Elle s’appuie sur une idée double : d’une part, l’origine supposée commune des peuples de langues finno-ougriennes ; d’autre part, l’appartenance à une communauté internationale contemporaine de peuples supposés partager une partie de leur culture du fait de cette origine commune. À partir de cette observation, cet article a pour objectif d’évaluer la situation de la littérature komie au sein de la communauté finno-ougrienne : quels sont les rapports qui existent entre la littérature komie et les autres littératures finno-ougriennes ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques qui témoignent d’un héritage commun, ou d’influences mutuelles récentes ? Enfin, sur le fond et sur la forme, en quoi consistent ces caractéristiques ? Finno-ugric identity plays a central role in Komi society since 19th century national awakening. It is based on a double idea: on the one hand, on the supposed common origin of the peoples speaking Finno-Ugric languages; on the other hand, on the belonging to a contemporary international community of peoples, who are supposed de share some part of their culture because of the previously mentioned common origin. From this starting point, this article’s aim is to assess Komi literature’s position within the Finno-Ugric community: what kind of relations can we identify between Komi literature and the other Finno-Ugric literatures? Is there a common heritage or are the influences recent, connected with later contacts? And how can we define the common features? Soome-ugri identiteet on mänginud komi ühiskonnas keskset rolli alates nende rahvuslikust ärkamisest 19. sajandil. See põhineb kahel seisukohal: esiteks on soome-ugri rahvad oletatavasti ühtse päritoluga ning teiseks on komid osa kaasaegsest rahvusvahelisest kogukonnast, kuhu kuuluvate rahvaste kultuur peaks eelmainitud ühise päritolu tõttu osaliselt kattuma. Artikli eesmärk on hinnata antud lähtepunktist komi kirjanduse paiknemist soome-ugri kogukonnas: millised on komi ja muu soome-ugri kirjanduse vahelised seosed? Millised tunnusjooned osutavad ühisele pärandile või hiljutisele vastasmõjule? Ja lõpetuseks, millised on nimetatud tunnusjooned vormilt ja sisult?

Выпускная работа бакалавра на тему "Разработка внешнеэкономической стратегии Республики Коми" направленная преимущественно на экспорт продукции, способствует росту основных экономических показателей страны, от чего та, в свою очередь, обеспечивает необходимое финансирование для региона. Правительство страны выделяет Республике Коми средства для строительства дорог, школ, больниц, заводов и фабрик, кредитно-финансовых учреждений, таможенных пунктов и т.д. Подобным образом растет и сам экспортный потенциал региона, и показатели, от которых зависит способность региона к дальнейшей добыче полезных ископаемых. Другими словами, важное значение приобретает стратегия развития региона в рамках осуществления внешнеэкономической деятельности., Final work of bachelor on ”Development of foreign economic strategy of the Republic of Komi is directed mainly to the export of products, promotes the growth of main economic indicators of the country, something that, in turn, provides the necessary funding for the region. The government allocates the Komi Republic funds for the construction of roads, schools, hospitals, factories, financial institutions, customs points, etc. in this way growing myself export potential of the region, and the indicators that affect the region's ability to further mining. In other words, the important development strategy of the region in the implementation of foreign economic activity.