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Our objective in this paper is to present and discuss the complexification of the process of platformization of journalism by Facebook, triggered by the implementation of the Facebook Journalism Project (FJP), in January 2017. Since then, the platform has been associating itself with new and varied actors, expanding its fronts and positioning itself as a coordinator of activities related to journalistic institutions. At the same time, it continued to offer itself as an infrastructure for the development of journalistic products and businesses. Based on the Platform Studies and methodologically inspired by the Cartography of Controversies, we present the FJP and public demonstrations by journalists, researchers and other actors involved in its implementation. The diversification of partnerships, the inclusion of pedagogical actions, the renegotiation of prescriptive and normative dimensions that guide journalistic institutions, and the consolidation of the platform as an infrastructure are the main issues discussed at the conclusions.Nosso objetivo neste artigo é apresentar e discutir a complexificação do processo de plataformização do jornalismo pelo Facebook, a partir da implementação do Facebook Journalism Project (FJP), em janeiro de 2017. Desde então, a plataforma vem se associando a novos e variados atores, ampliando suas frentes de atuação e se posicionando como uma coordenadora de atividades relacionadas às instituições jornalísticas. Ao mesmo tempo, continuou a se oferecer como infraestrutura para o desenvolvimento dos produtos e negócios jornalísticos. Ancorados nos Estudos de Plataforma e inspirados metodologicamente na Cartografia das Controvérsias, apresentamos o FJP e manifestações públicas de jornalistas, pesquisadores e outros atores interessados em sua implementação. A diversificação das parcerias, a inclusão de ações pedagógicas, a renegociação das dimensões prescritivas e normativas que orientam as instituições jornalísticas, e a consolidação da plataforma como infraestrutura são algumas das questões discutidas ao final do artigo.Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo es presentar y discutir la complejización del proceso de plataformización de periodismo por parte de Facebook, a partir de la implementación del Facebook Journalism Project (FJP), en enero de 2017. Desde entonces, la plataforma se ha ido asociando con nuevos y variados actores, ampliando sus frentes y posicionándose como coordinadora de actividades relacionadas con las instituciones periodísticas. Al mismo tiempo, continuó ofreciéndose como infraestructura para el desarrollo de productos y negocios periodísticos. Basados en los Estudios de Plataforma e inspirados metodológicamente en la Cartografía de Controversias, presentamos el FJP y demostraciones públicas de periodistas, investigadores y otros actores interesados en su implementación. La diversificación de las alianzas, la inclusión de acciones pedagógicas, la renegociación de las dimensiones prescriptivas y normativas que orientan las instituciones periodísticas, y la consolidación de la plataforma como infraestructura son algunos de los temas discutidos al final del artículo.

This paper looks at how Estadão Infográficos use algorithms to examine news scripts and format content; its purpose being to use visuality both in the investigation process and for how the news is presented. We intend to demonstrate how web journalism appropriates the digital tools for innovation and differentiation. Thusly, the methodological procedure was conducted in three stages: interviewing the team members responsible for the menu, selecting those reports that use artificial intelligence techniques, and lastly, conducting a qualitative analysis upon specific concepts to explain cognitive effects that its news narratives create, which are: data visualization, image-synthesis and optical unconscious. Our investigation concluded that the use of algorithms to produce visualizations provides different perspectives of news scripts and builds communication with the public on the internet, despite the fact that this newspaper (O Estado de S. Paulo) does not make much use of this resource.O artigo observa como o Estadão Infográficos emprega algoritmo para prospecção de pautas e formatação do conteúdo, com o propósito do uso da visualidade tanto no processo de investigação quanto na apresentação das notícias. O objetivo é demonstrar como o webjornalismo está se apropriando das ferramentas do ambiente digital para inovação e diferenciação. Assim, o percurso metodológico consiste em três etapas: entrevista a componentes da equipe responsável pelo menu, seleção de reportagens da seção que utilizam técnicas de inteligência artificial e, por fim, análise qualitativa de investigação de conceitos que explicam os efeitos cognitivos provocados pela técnica nas narrativas jornalísticas, sendo: visualização de dados, imagem-síntese e inconsciente ótico. A investigação conclui que o uso de algoritmo na produção de visualizações permite percepção de novas pautas e potencializa a comunicação com o público na internet, mesmo que tal recurso ainda seja pouco explorado pelo jornal O Estado de S. Paulo.El artículo observa cómo Estadão Infográficos emplea algoritmo para prospectar pautas y formatear contenido, con propósito de usar visualidad en el proceso de investigación y en la presentación de noticias. El objetivo es demostrar cómo el periodismo web se apropia de las herramientas del entorno digital para innovación y diferenciación. Así, la trayectoria metodológica consta de tres etapas: entrevista con miembros del equipo responsable del menú, selección de informes de la sección que utilizan técnicas de inteligencia artificial y, finalmente, análisis cualitativo de la investigación de conceptos que explican efectos cognitivos provocados por la técnica en las narrativas de periodismo, siendo: visualización de datos, síntesis de imagen e inconsciente óptico. La investigación concluye que el uso del algoritmo em la producción de visualizaciones permite percepción de nuevas pautas y mejora la comunicación con el público en internet, aunque este recurso todavía es poco explorado por O Estado de S. Paulo.

This article discusses the strategic reconfiguration of data in news organizations through the use of algorithms and artificial intelligence, more specifically machine learning, to increase the idea of value around information, which has suffered from fragmented audiences, a massive increase in the number of broadcasters, indirect competition from large technology companies, and changes to the digital media ecosystem. We propose to identify patterns of interest, predict social engagement, and allocate resources for new coverage as forms for increasing the current level of personalization offered to news consumers.Discute-se a reconfiguração estratégica da utilização de dados dentro das organizações jornalísticas, através de algoritmos e soluções de inteligência artificial, entre elas especificamente o aprendizado de máquina, como alternativa para elevação da percepção de valor sobre o produto informativo, reduzida pela fragmentação das audiências, explosão de emissores, concorrência indireta das grandes empresas de tecnologia e transformações do ecossistema de meios digitais. Tal abordagem propõe a identificação de padrões de interesse, a predição de engajamento social e a alocação de recursos para coberturas como formas de expandir o atual nível de personalização oferecido aos consumidores de notíciaSe discute la reconfiguración estratégica del uso de datos en las organizaciones periodísticas a través de algoritmos y soluciones de inteligencia artificial, específicamente, el aprendizaje automático como una alternativa para aumentar la percepción de valor sobre el producto de información, el cual se reduce por la fragmentación de las audiencias, el aumento en la cantidad de emisores, la competencia indirecta de grandes compañías tecnológicas y las transformaciones del ecosistema de medios digitales. Tal enfoque propone la identificación de patrones de interés, la predicción del compromiso social y la asignación de recursos para la cobertura como formas de expandir el nivel actual de personalización ofrecido a los consumidores de noticias.

As a result of a national survey that sought to identify the journalists’ perception on aspects related to journalistic freedom, we have found that the vast majority identified a high degree of control over journalistic practice that starts from the internal corporate environment, which is not visible to the public eye. The survey was carried out between September 2015 and March 2017. We base our work on the scientific studies of journalism that constitute the so-called organizational theory. In order to update the theory, we have examined the reality of the “newsrooms” in order to understand the current editorial control mechanisms, which are implicitly driven.Resultante de uma pesquisa nacional que procurou identificar a percepção dos jornalistas sobre aspectos relacionados à liberdade jornalística, verificamos que a grande maioria identifica um alto controle sobre o trabalho jornalístico, controle que parte do ambiente interno e que não é identificado pela figura abstrata do público. O survey foi aplicado entre setembro de 2015 a março de 2017. Fundamentamos nosso trabalho nos estudos científicos do jornalismo que constituem a chamada teoria organizacional. Com vistas à atualização da teoria, verificamos a realidade do chamado “jornalismo de redação”, para se compreender os mecanismos de controle atual, os quais são acionados tacitamente.De una encuesta nacional que intentó identificar la percepción de los periodistas sobre aspectos relacionados a la libertad periodística, verificamos que la mayoría identifica un alto control sobre el trabajo periodístico que parte del ambiente interno y que no é identificado por la figura abstracta del público. La encuesta fue aplicada entre septiembre de 2015 a marzo de 2017. Fundamentamos nuestro trabajo en los estudios científicos del periodismo que constituyen la llamada teoría organizacional. Con vistas a la actualización de la teoría, verificamos la realidad del llamado “periodismo de redacción”, para comprender los mecanismos de control actual, los cuales son accionados tacitamente.

This article aims to understand the transformations caused by new informational ecosystems in contemporary journalism. This analysis is performed based on news accessed through personal digital assistants embedded in smart speakers. As a methodological procedure, it adopts a multiple case study, defining the vocal transactors of Google (Nest Home/Google Assistant) and Amazon (Echo/Alexa) as its object. Therefore, this paper notes that the inclusion of algorithmic routines and the extension of news content to intelligent voice interfaces requires adaptation for the personalization of information, an ecosystem that is feedback by traditional vehicles, journalists, and people who interact with the artifacts.O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender as transformações causadas por novos ecossistemas informacionais no jornalismo contemporâneo. Essa análise é realizada a partir de notícias acessadas através de assistentes pessoais digitais embarcados em alto-falantes inteligentes. Como procedimento metodológico, adota o estudo de caso múltiplo, definindo como objeto os transatores vocais da Google (Nest Home/Google Assistant) e da Amazon (Echo/Alexa). Observa, portanto, que a inclusão de rotinas algorítmicas e a extensão de conteúdo noticioso para interfaces de voz inteligentes demanda adaptação para a personalização das informações, ecossistema que é retroalimentado por veículos tradicionais, jornalistas e pessoas que interagem com os artefatos.Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender las transformaciones causadas por los nuevos ecosistemas informativos en el periodismo contemporáneo. Este análisis se realiza en función de las noticias a las que se accede a través de asistentes digitales personales integrados en altavoces inteligentes. Como procedimiento metodológico, adopta un estudio de caso múltiple, definiendo los transactores vocales de Google (Nest Home/Google Assistant) y Amazon (Echo/Alexa) como su objeto. Señala, por lo tanto, que la inclusión de rutinas algorítmicas y la extensión del contenido de noticias a interfaces de voz inteligentes requiere adaptación para la personalización de la información, un ecosistema que es retroalimentado por vehículos tradicionales, periodistas y personas que interactúan con los artefactos.

espanolEn este trabajo se propone un analisis del estilo comunicativo que aparece en resenas realizadas por huespedes de hoteles y sus consiguientes respuestas, en la popular plataforma de viajes y turismo TripAdvisor. El objetivo es identificar y analizar el conjunto de rasgos linguisticos de estilo que aparecen tanto en las opiniones de los usuarios como en las respuestas de los responsables de las empresas hoteleras. Si bien en los inicios de los estudios sobre comunicacion mediada por ordenador se identifico un conjunto de rasgos generales que podian asociarse tipicamente a este tipo de comunicacion, especialmente en torno a la oralidad e informalidad,estudios posteriores han mostrado la enorme variacion que aparece en este tipo de comunicacion, por lo que resulta imposible ofrecer una vision general del espanol en internet, que en cambio ha de situarse en la observacion de practicas discursivas concretas. A partir del analisis de la variacion de estilo sobre un corpus de resenas y respuestas, el estudio muestra que tanto huespedes como hoteles exhiben rasgos de adaptabilidad al medio para alcanzar sus finalidades comunicativas, pero muestran estilos comunicativos diferentes y divergentes, por no decir encontrados y opuestos, reflejo de las realidades e imagenes sociales de los usuarios y de las audiencias potenciales que posee cada uno, enfrentando percepciones polivalentes de la norma linguistica al tiempo que ampliando las posibilidades de innovacion y expresion linguistica EnglishIn this article we analyse variation in communicative style that appears in guests’ reviews and hotel responses on TripAdvisor, the popular travel and tourism platform. The aim of the study is to examine style features that appear in guests’ opinions and hotel responses. Although many studies in computer-mediated communication have identified informality and orality as key features in this type of communication, more recent studies claim the important communicative and linguistic variation that appears in language in CMO, making it impossible to offer an overview of Spanish on the internet, which instead must be observed in situated discourse practices. The analysis of style variation on a corpus composed of reviews and their responses shows that both guests and hotels exhibit traits of adaptability to the medium in order to achieve their communicative goals, but show different and divergent, if not opposed, communication styles, which reflect the users’ social realities and images, and the potential audiences to whom interactions are addressed, ultimately projecting different perceptions of linguistic standards, while expanding the possibilities of linguistic innovation and expression.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 31, 2020, pp 41-61. En la última década hemos asistido al deterioro de la reputación de las profesiones vinculadas a los sectores de la comunicación y del audiovisual. Esta crisis reputacional se produce en plena recesión económica, tras el cierre de RTVV, la radiotelevisión pública de la Comunidad Valenciana entre 1989-2013. En este estudio se presentan los resultados de tres oleadas de cuestionarios realizados en 2015, 2017 y 2019 con el objetivo de conocer la percepción de los profesionales de los campos del periodismo, de la publicidad y del audiovisual sobre la reputación del propio sector comunicativo valenciano. Los resultados permiten constatar la existencia de una percepción negativa sobre la reputación de las profesiones relacionadas con la comunicación, que cabe relacionar con la debilidad del tejido asociativo y la ausencia de políticas de comunicación eficientes que favorezcan una interlocución efectiva con las administraciones públicas y con el conjunto de la sociedad valenciana. Over the last decade, we have witnessed a decline in the reputation of professions linked to the communication and audio-visual sectors. This reputational crisis occurred in the midst of an economic recession after the closure of RTVV which was the public radio-television broadcaster of the Valencian Autonomous Region between 1989 and 2013. This study presents the results of three questionnaires carried out in 2015, 2017 and 2019 with the aim of gaining knowledge regarding the perception by professionals in the fields of journalism, advertising and audio-visual communication of the reputation of the Valencian communications sector itself. The results confirm a negative reputational perception of professions related to communication, which could be related to a weak structure of associations and the absence of efficient communication policies that might encourage effective dialogue with public administration and Valencian society as a whole.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 31, 2020, pp 303-314. En el lenguaje político español, la selección léxica empleada para aludir a la nación revela diferencias ideológicas: mientras las formaciones de la derecha se refieren a España, los partidos de corte progresista o nacionalista hablan del Estado español. De igual modo, el término patria se asocia generalmente al imaginario conservador. Desde su irrupción en el panorama político en el año 2014, Podemos ha tratado de resignificar dicho concepto, articulando un patriotismo constructivo opuesto al patriotismo ciego de los conservadores. Para ello, ha intentado vincular la patria a la defensa de los derechos y libertades del pueblo y al estado del bienestar. Este trabajo pretende explicar en qué ha consistido la apropiación del término en el discurso de la formación durante sus dos primeros años de andadura parlamentaria (2016-2017). In the Spanish political language, the lexical selection used to refer to the concept of nation shows striking ideological differences: rightwing parties use the term Spain whereas progressive or nationalist parties favour the phrase Spanish State. Similarly, the term homeland is generally associated with conservative imagery. Since its appearance on the political scene in 2014, Podemos has tried to give a new meaning to the concept of homeland, articulating a constructive patriotism opposed to the blind patriotism of the conservatives. In order to do this, Podemos has tried to link the notion of homeland to the defense of people´s rights and freedoms and to the Welfare State. This work aims to explain what the appropriation of the term has consisted of in the discourse of Podemos during its first two years of parliamentary career (2016-2017).

espanolCuando los profesionales de la comunicacion aun se preguntaban como deben las empresas sobrevivir y prosperar en la era de la hipertransparencia, teniendo controlados todos los riesgos reputaciones, ahora sobreviene una situacion inesperada que alienta dos problemas que todavia se estaba dirimiendo como integrarlos en la gestion de la reputacion corporativa. Por un lado, lograr recoger el riesgo reputacional en la arquitectura de riesgos corporativos; y por otro, enfrentarse a los riesgos que genera la desinformacion, como nuevo contratiempo para la reputacion corporativa. Este trabajo indaga sobre la planificacion en la empresa espanola de los efectos de la desinformacion mediatica en la reputacion corporativa, y su concepcion como un riesgo corporativo a incluir con el resto de riesgos reputacionales. De forma que, comprobaremos hasta que punto la empresa espanola asume el peligro de la desinformacion y lo considera un nuevo riesgo reputacional que puede ser mas urgente y grave cuando sobreviene una situacion como la alerta por pandemia mundial. La principal conclusion es que los riesgos derivados de la desinformacion confirman la brecha entre la percepcion profesional y las prioridades de la organizacion EnglishWhen communication professionals were still asking themselves how companies could survive and prosper in the era of hyper-transparency while keeping all reputational risks under control, an unexpected situation appeared that is now generating two problems that were still in the process of being addressed in terms of how to integrate such risks into corporate reputation management. One difficulty is incorporating reputational risk into the corporate risk architecture; the other involves addressing the risks induced by disinformation, which is a new setback for corporate reputation. This study investigates the planning that takes place in Spanish companies regarding the effects of media disinformation on corporate reputation and the perception of such disinformation as a corporate risk to be included among all other reputational risks. As such, our intention is to confirm the extent to which Spanish companies accept the danger of disinformation, and the degree to which they consider the latter to be a new reputational risk that may be more urgent and serious when a situation such as the current worldwide pandemic occurs without warning. The main conclusion is that the risks related to disinformation reinforce the gap between professional perception and organisational priorities.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 31, 2020, pp 207-238. El cine se ha convertido en uno de los medios más influyentes en la sociedad desde sus orígenes en el siglo XIX por diversos motivos: su carácter artístico-estético, técnico, narrativo-comunicativo, etc. En este sentido, el Séptimo Arte se ha situado como producto creativo e industrial fundamental de la cultura que ha ido evolucionando a lo largo de los años. Teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo y valor de la cinematografía, el presente estudio intenta abordar la manera en la que los encuadres, la luz y el color de las imágenes que conforman un filme sirven como elementos expresivos. Para ello, esta investigación analiza el trabajo de composición cinematográfica de Roger Deakins en cuatro de sus obras: Fargo, El hombre que nunca estuvo allí, Sicario y Blade Runner 2049. Asimismo, planteamos también si el camarógrafo tiene un estilo definido. Paralelamente, pretendemos poner en relieve el oficio del director de fotografía, como figura encargada de la construcción del cuadro del relato fílmico. Cinema has become one of the most influential elements in the society since its origins in the 19th century, for various reasons: its artistic-aesthetic, narrative-communicative, technical, etc. In this sense, the Seventh Art has become a fundamental creative and industrial product of the culture that has evolved over the years. Taking into account the development and value of cinematography, this study attempts to address the way in which the frames, light and color of the images that make up a film serve as expressive elements. To do this, this research analyzes the film composition work of Roger Deakins in four of his works: Fargo, The Man Who Wasn´t There, Sicario and Blade Runner 2049. Likewise, we also ask whether the cameraman has a defined style. At the same time, we intend to highlight the profession of the cinematographer, as the figure in charge of constructing the frame of the film narrative.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 31, 2020, pp 107-129 El artículo analiza el papel que desempeñan en el proceso de integración y construcción europea aquellos medios en lengua extranjera publicados en la Costa del Sol para la población alemana residente en esta región. Los objetivos son conocer las características sociodemográficas de esta audiencia activa, identificar su dieta mediática, analizar el papel que desempeñan los medios que componen esta dieta mediática en la integración de la población de residentes alemanes en la sociedad española, especialmente desde el punto de vista del proceso de construcción europea. La encuesta y el grupo de discusión conforman la metodología central de este estudio. La principal conclusión explica que estos medios les ayudan parcialmente en su proceso de integración, si bien, podría aumentar este papel si atendiese a las demandas informativas y los problemas que obstaculizan su integración. Además, los alemanes residentes en la Costa del Sol demuestran un fuerte espíritu europeísta. This article analyses how the foreign-language media published on the Costa del Sol for the German population living in this region affect their process of European integration and construction. The aims are to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of this active audience, to identify their media diet and to analyse the role played by the media they consume in the integration of the German resident population into Spanish society, especially from the point of view of the process of European construction. Surveys and discussion groups make up the core methodology of this study. The main conclusion is that these media help them to an extended in their process of covered, although this role could be further expanded if the media met the information demands and the problems that hinder the residents’ integration. Furthermore, the Germans living on the Costa del Sol display a strong pro-European spirit.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 31, 2020, pp 167-185. Este artículo presenta un análisis exploratorio argumentativo de las legislaciones estatales sobre comunicación en México. Se propone una categorización y se destacan los asuntos que se consideran relevantes en la materia hasta el grado de ser legislados en cada región. Se hace uso de la categoría subnacional que, en los estudios políticos, permitió la resignificación de lo regional como escenario con vida política propia, irreductible a la suma de las partes del Estado nacional. El sesgo nacional ha permanecido en la investigación sobre la legislación en comunicación social en México. Se ha privilegiado el análisis de las leyes federales. En este artículo se atiende el vacío de conocimiento sobre las leyes estatales. La discusión final plantea que las diferencias entre los instrumentos legales de cada entidad es indicio de la categoría subnacional. Se enfatiza la necesidad de su consideración analítica para el entendimiento de lo nacional desde lo regional en el estudio de la regulación de la comunicación social. This article presents an exploratory analysis of the state legislation on communication in Mexico, proposing a categorization and highlighting the issues that are considered relevant in the matter to the extent of being legislated in each region. The sub-national category is used because it allows the resignification of the regional as a scenario with its own political life, irreducible to the sum of the parts of the national State. The national bias has remained in the investigation on the legislation in social communication in Mexico, privileging the analysis of the federal laws, this article addresses the knowledge gap on state laws. The final discussion refers that the differences between the regional legal instruments are an indicator of the sub-national category.

Spanish is the third most widely used language on the Internet. It is therefore necessary to turn to the Internet ecosystem in order to study Spanish, both in the description of our linguistic system and in the study of the relationship between language and reality. Rather than linguistics departments in universities, it is the large online sales companies who are leading the development of language programmes for natural language processing such as converting speech to written text, and conversely, transforming written text to speech, as well as morphosyntactic analysers, de-ambiguators, and more. At the same time, users generate such a large quantity of written and oral text on social networks that today the digital ecosystem comprises the largest study corpus of the diverse linguistic use, even though some voices opposed to this approach discredit this corpus as being unregulated by rules-based correction. For both of these reasons, one must to pay careful attention to the digital ecosystem in order to study the real use that speakers of Spanish make of our language, thereby allowing for a reliable analysis based on objective data to be carried out with regard to such disparate and complementary fields as described in the following examples: the ideological bias underlying any text; the manipulation, conscious or not, of the vision of the world transmitted in a message; the demand for local uses as opposed to the more official panhispanism; or a different vision of the cultured norms that hide behind the concept of correction, etc.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 31, 2020, pp 131-151. El éxito deportivo influye positivamente en el ánimo colectivo de un país y en el reforzamiento de su identidad nacional. Esta es una de las razones por las que existe correspondencia entre las expectativas de triunfo depositadas en determinados/as deportistas y el seguimiento social e informativo que se hace de ellos/as. Las atletas españolas en Londres 2012 y Río 2016 consiguieron más medallas que los representantes masculinos. Este estudio analiza si estos logros favorecieron su mayor cobertura mediática, si se narraron en clave de orgullo nacional, si se presentaron a las atletas como referentes deportivos y si los valores que se destacaron de ellas se corresponden con los asociados a la práctica deportiva ejemplar. Para ello se realiza un análisis de contenido y una lectura crítica de los suplementos especiales sobre esos Juegos Olímpicos publicados por el diario deportivo español Marca. Los resultados revelan que, en el tratamiento mediático del deporte femenino, prima el valor informativo de la nacionalidad española de la atleta por encima del de sus logros deportivos. Y que, aunque su actuación se asocie a valores como el esfuerzo o la mentalidad ganadora, los modelos inspiradores en el deporte siguen estando encarnados por ellos. Sporting success has a positive impact on the collective mood of a country and helps to strengthen its national identity. This is one reason why there is a correlation between the expectations for certain athletes to win and the social and media follow-up of them. The Spanish female athletes in London 2012 and Rio 2016 won more medals than the male athletes. This study analyses whether these achievements favoured greater media coverage, if they were narrated in terms of national pride, if female athletes were represented as sports references and whether the values that were highlighted correspond to those associated with exemplary sports practice. To examine such results, content analysis and critical reading of these Olympic Games’ special supplements published by the newspaper Marca is carried out. The results reveal that the news value of the athlete’s Spanish nationality prevails over her sporting achievements in the media coverage of women’s sport. Although women’s performance is associated with effort or a winning mentality, the inspiring role models in sport continue to be male athletes.

This study aims to determine the level of students’ understanding of multicultural education, religious awareness, and the influence of multiculturalism education on religious awareness in the Department of Islamic Religious Education (PAI), Tarbiyah Faculty and Teacher Training in Pekalongan State Islamic Institute (IAIN). This research is a field research (field research) with a quantitative approach. The research variable is the independent variable (X) is multiculturalism education and the dependent variable (Y), namely the religious awareness of students of the Islamic Education Department, Tarbiyah Faculty and Teacher Training, IAIN Pekalongan. The population in this study were 5th semester students, amounting to 377 students with a sample of 60college student. Methodcollecting data using questionnaires, observation and documentation methods. The results showed that first, the level of student understanding of multicultural education in the PAI department, Tarbiyah Faculty and Teacher Training, Pekalongan State Islamic Institute (IAIN) was in the 83-88 interval with the high category. Second, the religious awareness of students majoring in PAI, Tarbiyah Faculty and Teacher Training, Pekalongan State Islamic Institute (IAIN) is in the 75-81 interval with a high category. Third, the effect of the level of student understanding of multicultural education on the religious awareness of students of the Islamic Education Department, Tarbiyah Faculty and Teacher Training, Pekalongan State Islamic Institute (IAIN) at a significant level of 5% has a positive (significant) effect with a percentage of the influence of R = 56.2%, while 43.8% is influenced by factors other than multiculturalism education.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the role of innovation strategy and firm performance on organizational productivity taking Heineken Beverage Industry. To this end, the study employed cross-sectional survey research design. Pertinent data was gathered using both quantitative and qualitative approaches through self-administered questionnaires and key informant interviews. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of randomly selected staff members from each department of the organization. Key informant interviews were also conducted. The quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and presented in tabular form, whereas the qualitative data was analyzed descriptively. The results illustrates that innovation strategy systems in the organization are not effective in all the four components (process, marketing, product and firm performance). It is also found that the present innovation strategy is not enabling the organization to improve its productivity and realize the required organization performance. Thus, the study concluded that the organization doesn’t fully address in practice the required efforts to maintain effective innovation strategies. Based on the findings, it’s recommends that all stakeholders should take part in establishing, strengthening and maintaining effective innovation strategy systems; so that organization objectives can be meet.

This study is aimed at examining factors of (re)-offending, the role of prison administration and its challenges in reducing (re)-offending by (re)-integration mechanism. The approach employed was qualitative and its design was descriptive case study. The data were collected through semi-structured interview, focus group discussion and observation. The data collected was categorized, organized in theme and analysed by thematic analysis techniques. And then, the study find out that there are three interrelated phases as far as (re)-integration is concerned

Advertising is the narrative and visual formula to persuade a person to buy a product. The idea of promoting a product is related to a context and a story about it. Therefore, audiovisual tools are used also to achieve this. What matters is not only the story, but also the visual effects that are used to tell that story. Therefore, in this article we will explore which are the ingredients to create a story in order to promote a product, and we will highlight narrative and cinematic strategies. We start from the idea that an advertisement in addition to bringing information about a product, provokes our feelings. To illustrate this statement, we will explore the commercials created by Leandro Raposo, creative director of the advertising company The Cyranos McCann, of course in collaboration with other advertisers. Regarding communication, we are aware that the presentation of a creative strategy does not involve a single person, it involves a team of people, but we consider it appropriate to follow the trajectory of this creative artistin relation to the changes and transformations in his creation and the collaborations with other creative writers.

This journal aims to analyze the role of Sharia Fintech in improving financial inclusion and literacy in SME. Currently, Technology Development has begun to enter the Digital realm in order to meet Indonesia as the largest digital economy country in 2024, the government as the regulator of the Indonesian economy, must empower all Indonesian people to the villages and remote areas throughout the country so that they can feel the positive impact of developing technology in the future. The current technological relationship is closely related to the existence of the internet as the main access. We need to know that the existence of this Sharia Fintech can be one of the driving forces for the existence of a movement to help increase finance for SMEs, especially those in the middle of the middle of the community through Islamic financial institutions. As we know sharia fintech is a term that can be used to refer to innovations in the field of financial services using sharia principles. The development of digital technology, including in the Islamic financial industry, can no longer be dammed. Through sharia financial technology (sharia fintech), all forms of transactions are faster, easier, and more efficient at the same time, without the need for face-to-face meetings. The emergence of shariafintech is inseparable from the innovations that develop to finance this financial concept, it requires start-up (new entrepreneur) to build its business

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 31, 2020, pp 381-401. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la presencia y funciones de los marcadores discursivos del español en Facebook, Twitter y YouTube. Los objetivos de esta investigación son identificar los principales usos de estas partículas en las redes sociales y determinar en qué medida relacionan el discurso en estas plataformas con la modalidad oral coloquial de la lengua. El análisis de un corpus de tuits y comentarios confirma que los más utilizados por los usuarios son los conectores contraargumentativo pero y aditivos además, encima e incluso, el comentador pues y los conversacionales claro, hombre, bueno y vamos con función interactiva reactiva. Estos marcadores suelen emplearse para argumentar la propia opinión y negociar la interacción en espacios en los que predomina la polémica. This paper presents the results of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the incidence and the functions of Spanish discourse markers in Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. The aims of this study are to identify the main uses of these particles on social network sites and outline the possible connection between the use of these markers and the informal oral register of Spanish in tweets and comments on these platforms. The analysis of a corpus of messages confirms that the most frequently used are the counter-argumentative connectors like pero (but), the additives además (what’s more), encima (moreover) and incluso (even), the commentator pues (well / so), and the interactional claro (of course), hombre (man), bueno (well), vamos (come on) and ¿eh? (eh?) Such markers are mainly employed in order to provide valid arguments and negotiate interaction within spaces where conflict predominates.

Instead of the controversy of ideas, some journalists (and writers) preferred misinformation, mystification of the truth, trampling on any moral principle, only out of malice, less often out of professional envy, not taking into account the imminence of an intellectual "death" or professional career. For example, horrified by the plagiarism indented by an obscure publicist (Caion), the great classic I.L. Caragiale chose Germany as its residence and oasis of peace after 1900. Exile in a civilized country where the law is obeyed and abuses and imposture restricted can be a solution to disappearing from a tainted, "poisoned" world. Sometimes for the systematic "attacks" in the press, but illogical, unfounded, the issuer will pay / suffer hard. Specifically, the successful journalist, PamfilȘeicaru, opened many battlefields in the press of the time, flirting in his uncontrolled pride, with the effigy of a literary critic, venturing into the realms of literary and grammatical chronicle. For his malice, the moment of revenge comes at the address of contemporary titans like Rebreanu and Camil Petrescu, not from the annoyed ones, but from unsuspected horizons, so that a drastic sentence will be avoided by taking refuge in Spain and Germany.

La presente investigación se basa en el análisis de un corpus de 413 titulares que encabezaron los textos informativos de ocho diarios españoles, durante la cobertura electoral sobre Vox, en el trans curso de los comicios generales celebrados en España en abril de 2019. Siguiendo el modelo desarrollado por Gallardo Paúls (2014; 2021 en prensa), que estudia las categorías pragmáticas de acuer do con el nivel textual, el interactivo y el enunciativo, hemos po dido identificar determinadas estrategias de encuadre discursivo que contribuyen a orientar cognitivamente los titulares de todos los periódicos que conforman nuestro corpus. Si bien la ilocutivi dad representativa fue la mayoritaria en los textos recopilados, un análisis pormenorizado revela el empleo por parte de algunos de estos medios –como ABC y La Vanguardia o El País y El Diario– de una estrategia léxica marcada (a través del empleo de metáforas, metonimias, nominalizaciones con valor irónico, etc.), capaz de suscitar preactivaciones contrarias a dicha formación política. This research study is based on the analysis of a corpus of 413 news headlines of eight Spanish newspapers during the election coverage of Vox in the Spanish general elections held in April of 2019. By following the model developed by Gallardo Paúls (2014; 2021 in press), which examines pragmatic categories according to their textual, interactive and enunciative levels, we have identified discursive framing strategies that cognitively guide the headlines of all the newspapers in our corpus. Even though representative illocution was the most frequently used strategy in the texts compiled, a detailed analysis reveals that some of the media (e.g. ABC, La Vanguardia, El País and El Diario) used a evident lexical strategy (for example, the use of metaphors, metonyms, nominalisations with ironic value, etc.), which was able to elicit pre-activations contrary to this political party. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-093523-B-I0

espanolEste trabajo persigue como objetivo trazar un recorrido de la percepcion de la variedad del espanol hablada en Andalucia, desde sus comienzos en el siglo XVI hasta su presencia en soportes tecnologicos actuales, como los que evidencia la prensa digital. Para ello, seleccionaremos una serie de muestras representativas: referencias librescas de los siglos XVI al XIX, extractos audiovisuales procedentes de series de television y peliculas y, finalmente, textos periodisticos recogidos en la prensa digital espanola. El corpus surge como resultado de nuestra experiencia como investigadores de la representacion literaria del andaluz y las actitudes linguisticas reflejadas en los medios de comunicacion, inventariadas estas ultimas en un recurso disponible para toda la comunidad academica, como es la Hemeroteca Linguistica Virtual del proyecto Lengua y Prensa (www.lenguayprensa.uma.es). El analisis de algunoshitos cruciales servira para reforzar una conclusion fundamental:pese al disfraz de inocencia con que suele arroparse (mediante suasociacion a la gracia, al humor o a la simpatia como objeto deestudio antropologico), en otras ocasiones el discurso del odio alandaluz se despoja de todo ropaje para revelarse la mas cruda intencion de quien lo emite: la descalificacion personal, el desprecioa una sociedad o la posicion de superioridad. EnglishThe aim of this work is to trace a route on the perception of the variety of Spanish spoken in Andalusia, from its beginnings in the 16th century to its presence in current technological supports, such as those evidenced by the digital press. For this purpose, we will select a series of representative samples: book references from the 16th to 19th centuries, audiovisual extracts from television series,films and, finally, journalistic texts collected in the Spanish digital press. The corpus arises as a result of our experience as researchers of the literary representation of Andalusian and of the linguistic ideologies reflected in the media. The latter are inventoried in a resource available to the entire academic community, such as the Virtual Linguistic Archive of the “Lengua y Prensa” project (www.lenguayprensa.uma.es). The analysis of some crucial landmarks will serve to reinforce a fundamental conclusion: despite the disguise of innocence with which it is usually dressed (throughits association with grace, humour or sympathy as an object of anthropological study), on other occasions the hate speech to Andalusian reveals the crudest intention of the person who issues it: personal disqualification, contempt for a society or position of superiority

Outdoor learning has gained lots of interest on both theoretical and practical basis among teachers from Romania. It is used more and more in all areas of education, especially in the formal educational institutions. Also, it has been proven in several research areas that outdoor education with its belonging activities can develop several competencies, in a more efficient way than any other educational strategies or methods. Also, the 21st Century education, has a wide preoccupation towards the development of more than only key competencies that are given by the European Union, such as transversal competencies and life skills. There have been introduced in the national school curricula, school subjects within the area of new education types, and there has been a stronger emphasis on counselling and personal development subjects in primary schools, elementary schools and also high schools, during which pupils can develop certain skills and competencies that can help them further on, in becoming useful adults and involved members of the society. The present article sets the theoretical frames for the main concepts, such as outdoor education, life skills, transversal competencies, personal development etc. and also the practical methodology that sets the frame for some template models of outdoor educational activities in primary schools, that can be used as tools for all interested teachers regarding this topic. In the last part of the article, there are going to be presented practical models, that are based on outdoor learning activities, that are fundamental in the primary school curricula and it contains. Also, it is important to be mentioned that all approaches presented are made in an interdisciplinary way.

This study aims to describe the nature of character education at Madrasah Aliyah in Indonesia, the nature of local content curriculum at Madrasah Aliyah in Indonesia, and character education based on local content curriculum at Madrasah Aliyah in Indonesia. The facts that are very concerning in the world of education in Indonesia include 1) The occurrence of a crisis due to too much material burden, education is more focused on intellectual development and less attention to other aspects; 2) The emergence of acts of violence committed by students in the school environment both against fellow students and against their teachers; and 3) The occurrence of moral decadence among students and leads to behaviors that are not in accordance with norms. The condition of this weak character shows that all education in the form of general good knowledge, religion and moral knowledge taught in schools has not had much effect on changes in the behavior of students in particular, and the behavior of the Indonesian nation in general. So it takes an emphasis on strengthening character education specifically, because in reality character education has been included or integrated with all subjects but in reality it has not shown the idolized manifestations. Local content curriculum lessons can be used as a medium for strengthening character education. The local content curriculum is a curriculum that is based on the enrichment of cultural values, and is a concrete situation faced by students in everyday life. So that it makes it easier for students to internalize the character values in the education they take. The local content curriculum that emphasizes the maintenance and development of local values and culture is a determining foundation in character development to obtain a conceptual model of character education that is relevant to the needs of society.

The purpose of this research is to describe the art form “Kuda Kembar” in Sabarwangi Village, Pekalongan, Indonesia and to explain the art “Kuda Kembar” is used as a medium for aesthetic expression of the people of Sabarwangi Village, Pekalongan, Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation methods. The technique of checking the validity of the data used triangulation, while the data analysis technique used the interactive model data analysis technique which consisted of three activity lines, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results showed that the function of music in the art of “Kuda Kembar” as a Media of Aesthetic Expression for the people of Sabarwangi Village is to show expressions of admiration for the beauty of God’s creation, expressions of the spirit of nationalism, expressions of love and respect for the Prophet Muhammad, religious expressions of the people of Sabarwangi Village, and expressions as entertainment function.

Automated journalism is gaining more and more space in newsrooms around the world. In this article, we analyze three case studies that have emerged in recent years in Brazil: [1] the robot Rosie from the Serenata de Amor operation; [2] the robot Rui Barbot from Jota; [3] and the robot Fatima from Aos Fatos. Methodologically, we conducted semi-structured interviews to think over the role played by professionals in the development of the robots, seeking a broader concept of automated journalism that contemplates the plurality of actors mobilized by these technologies.O jornalismo automatizado tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço nas redações ao redor do mundo. Neste artigo, analisamos três estudos de caso que surgiram nos últimos anos no Brasil: [1] a robô Rosie da Operação Serenata de Amor; [2] o robô Rui Barbot do Jota; e [3] a robô Fátima do Aos Fatos. Metodologicamente, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com o intuito de refletir sobre o papel desempenhado pelos profissionais no desenvolvimento destes robôs, em busca de um conceito de jornalismo automatizado mais abrangente que contemple a pluralidade de atores mobilizados por estas tecnologias.El periodismo automatizado está ganando cada vez más espacio en las redacciones de todo el mundo. En este artículo, analizamos tres casos de estudio que han surgido en los últimos años en Brasil: [1] el robot Rosie de la Operación Serenata del Amor; [2] el robot Rui Barbot de Jota; y [3] el robot Fátima de Aos Fatos. Metodológicamente, realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre el papel de los profesionales en el desarrollo de estos robots, en busca de un concepto de periodismo automatizado más ancho que contemple la pluralidad de actores movilizados por estas tecnologías.

On March 2, 2020, Indonesian citizens tested positive for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) for the first time, making Indonesia the start of facing various problems in the health and economic sectors. All ministries or agencies are mitigating it using the extraordinary policy which adapts to the rapid growth in the number of positive patients for COVID-19 in Indonesia, including Bank Indonesia by gradually lowering the Reference Interest Rate, causing changes in the Interest Rates Sensitivity (Asset or Liability) Banking. It should be noted that interest income contributes greatly to the income of a bank. Based on this, this study aims to test whether the Bank Indonesia policy affects the Banking Net Interest Margin during the first four months since the detection of the first positive case of COVID-19 in Indonesia. By using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, this paper concludes that changes in the reference interest rate made by Bank Indonesia in the face of the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic strongly affects the Rate of Fixed / Sensitive Assets and Liabilities to the ratio of Net Interest Margin (NIM). Where the correlation is strong. This shows that changes in the Reference interest rate carried out by Bank Indonesia must be carried out gradually and carefully so as not to cause major changes to banking performance during the face of the COVID-19) Pandemic in Indonesia.

This paper discusses the use of Twitter as a news source, especially in data journalism. This practice uses public databases as sources for its investigations, but has now started to make use of less conventional sources, such as Twitter, which politicians now use as an official communication channel and thus avoid giving interviews to the press. In this study, we analyze news articles published over a period of a little less than two months by the data journalism team at Vortex Media. Our focus was on political coverage. Twitter may be classified as a reproductive or statistical documentary news sources, depending on the case. We argue that, by using this social networking site as a news source, data journalism could be able to provide new knowledge. Its limitations lie within the working order of the social network itself, which is highly mediated by algorithms and conditioned to spread disinformation.Este artigo discute o uso do Twitter como fonte, em especial no jornalismo guiado por dados. Conhecida por investigar a partir de bancos de dados públicos, esta prática tem acessado fontes menos convencionais, a exemplo da plataforma, à medida que os políticos a tratam como canal oficial de comunicação e evitam conceder entrevistas à imprensa. Neste estudo, analisamos notícias publicadas pela equipe de dados do site jornalístico Vortex Media em pouco menos de dois meses, observando que a cobertura política se destaca nesse contexto. O Twitter pode ser classificado como fonte documental do tipo reprodução ou estatística, dependendo do caso. Defendemos que o jornalismo guiado por dados tem potencial para promover conhecimento inédito a partir do uso desse site de rede social como fonte; suas limitações estão na própria condição da rede, mediada por algoritmos e propícia para o espalhamento de desinformação.Este artículo analiza el uso de Twitter como fuente, especialmente en el periodismo de datos. Conocido por investigar desde bases de datos públicas, esta práctica ha accedido a fuentes menos convencionales, como la plataforma, ya que los políticos la tratan como un canal oficial de comunicación y evitan dar entrevistas a la prensa. En este estudio, analizamos las noticias publicadas por el equipo de datos del sitio periodístico Vortex Media en poco menos de dos meses, señalando que la cobertura política se destaca en este contexto. Twitter puede clasificarse como fuente documental reproductiva o estadística, según el caso. Argumentamos que el periodismo de datos tiene el potencial de promover el conocimiento sin precedentes del uso de este sitio de redes sociales como fuente; sus limitaciones están en la condición de esta red, mediada por algoritmos y propicia para la difusión de la desinformación.

In this article we reflect on some of the narrative strategies used to structure political scandals. In order to do this we conceive political scandals in journalism as a mentality. The narrative strategies contained in this mentality help toward understanding these events, which we perceive as scandals. We shall present three of these strategies contained in what we call “artificial unity”, which transmit to readers the idea that there is endless and uniform narratives on scandals. Using both critical analysis of narrative and the indiciary paradigm, we focus our reflections on a number of scandals which occurred while the Workers’ Party (PT) government was in power, as they were reported in the O Globo newspaper.Neste artigo, propomos refletir sobre algumas das estratégias narrativas que estruturam a ideia de escândalo político. Para isso, propomos conceber os escândalos políticos, no jornalismo, como uma mentalidade. É essa mentalidade que resguarda estratégias narrativas que auxiliam na compreensão desses acontecimentos, que são concebidos como escândalos. Aqui, focamos em apresentar três dessas estratégias, contidas no que chamamos de “unidade artificial”, e que oferecem ao leitor uma ideia de que há uma grande narrativa de escândalo, uniforme e infindável. Unindo pressupostos da Análise crítica de narrativa e do paradigma indiciário, focamos nossas reflexões na listagem de escândalos dos governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), feita pelo jornal O Globo. En este artículo, proponemos reflexionar sobre algunas de las estrategias narrativas que estructuran la idea del escándalo político. Para eso, proponemos concebir los escándalos políticos, en el periodismo, como una mentalidad. Es esta mentalidad la que protege las estrategias narrativas que ayudan a comprender estos eventos, que se conciben como escándalos. Aquí, nos enfocamos en presentar tres de estas estrategias, contenidas en lo que llamamos "unidad artificial", y que ofrecen al lector una idea de que hay una gran narrativa de escándalo, uniforme e interminable. Uniendo los supuestos del análisis crítico de la narrativa y el paradigma indicativo, centramos nuestras reflexiones en la lista de escándalos de los gobiernos del Partido de los Trabajadores (PT), realizada por el periódico O Globo.

Making sense of the mutual shaping of journalism and algorithms requires research that closely analyses developments in very concrete, precise settings, but also studies that take a wider, theoretical perspective, or that put this evolution in historical context. This special issue provides this variety of points of view to contribute to the understanding of the opportunities and the challenges at the intersection between journalism and technology today.

In recent years, digital journalism has flirted with the production of new narratives. Among them is the use of data visualization to explain complex information better. There is still a shortage of works that focus on visualization and its narrative potential, especially when it involves the reader. In this article, we investigate how professionals in the graphic departments perceive the reader when producing visualization. We applied a Likert scale questionnaire and obtained 57 responses. We used the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests to analyze the results to prove our two main hypotheses: (1) that each professional profile has different views on readers and (2) that the innovative character is related to the professionals’ perception of the reader. As a result, we proved the first hypothesis partially: journalists and designers have a more favorable view on the role of data visualization than programmers. It was not possible to obtain valid confirmation for the second hypothesis.Nos últimos anos, o jornalismo digital tem flertado com a produção de novas narrativas. Entre elas está o uso da visualização de dados como forma de explicitar melhor as informações complexas. Ainda há escassez de trabalhos que foquem a visualização e seu potencial narrativo, principalmente quando envolve o leitor. Neste artigo, investigamos como profissionais dos departamentos gráficos percebem o leitor ao produzir visualização. Aplicamos um questionário de escala Likert e obtivemos 57 respostas. Utilizamos os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney para analisar os resultados de forma a comprovar nossas duas principais hipóteses: (1) de que cada perfil profissional possui visões diferentes sobre os leitores e (2) de que o caráter inovador está relacionado com a percepção dos profissionais sobre o leitor. Como resultado, conseguimos comprovar parcialmente a primeira hipótese, na qual jornalistas e designers têm uma visão mais favorável sobre o papel da visualização de dados do que programadores. Não foi possível obter uma confirmação razoável para a segunda hipótese.En los últimos años, el periodismo digital ha acercado con la producción de nuevas narrativas. Entre ellas se encuentra el uso de la visualización de datos como una forma de explicar mejor las informaciones complejas. Todavía hay una escasez de trabajos que se centren en la visualización y su potencial narrativo, especialmente cuando involucra al lector. En este artículo, investigamos cómo los profesionales en los departamentos gráficos perciben al lector al producir la visualización. Aplicamos un cuestionario de escala Likert y obtuvimos 57 respuestas. Utilizamos las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney para analizar los resultados con el fin de demostrar nuestras dos hipótesis principales: (1) que cada perfil profesional tiene diferentes puntos de vista sobre los lectores y (2) que el carácter innovador está relacionado con La percepción profesional del lector. Como resultado, pudimos probar parcialmente la primera hipótesis, en la cual los periodistas y diseñadores tienen una visión más favorable sobre el papel de la visualización de datos que los programadores. No fue posible obtener una confirmación razonable de la segunda hipótesis.

O artigo descreve os rituais e as estratégias de relações públicas utilizadas pelas assessorias de comunicação de empresas e organizações dos diversos segmentos, atuantes no mercado nacional, realizadas por meio de ações, programas e planos estruturados de gestão de crises. Analisa ainda as vulnerabilidades da identidade, imagem e reputação organizacionais, os processos narrativos, as táticas aplicadas, a preparação dos porta-vozes, a função dos comitês de crises, a efetividade na intermediação das relações entre as organizações e a imprensa e as suas interfaces com a opinião pública. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: relações públicas; crise; comunicação; opinião pública; reputação. ABSTRACT The article describes the rituals and strategies of public relations used by the communication advisors of companies and organizations of the various segments, operating in the national market, through actions, programs and structured plans of crisis management. It also analyzes the vulnerabilities of organizational identity, image and reputation, narrative processes, tactics applied, preparation of spokespersons, the role of crisis committees, effectiveness in mediating relations between organizations and the press and their interfaces with public opinion. KEYWORDS: public relations; crisis; Communication; public opinion; reputation. RESUMEN El artículo describe los rituales y las estrategias de relaciones públicas utilizadas por las asesorías de comunicación de empresas y organizaciones de los diversos segmentos, actuantes en el mercado nacional, realizadas a través de acciones, programas y planes estructurados de gestión de crisis. Se analizan las vulnerabilidades de la identidad, imagen y reputación organizativas, los procesos narrativos, las tácticas aplicadas, la preparación de los portavoces, la función de los comités de crisis, la efectividad en la intermediación de las relaciones entre las organizaciones y la prensa y sus interfaces con la opinión pública. PALABRAS CLAVE: relaciones públicas; crisis; la comunicación; opinión pública; reputación., The article describes the rituals and strategies of public relations used by the communication advisors of companies and organizations of the various segments, operating in the national market, through actions, programs and structured plans of crisis management. It also analyzes the vulnerabilities of organizational identity, image and reputation, narrative processes, tactics applied, preparation of spokespersons, the role of crisis committees, effectiveness in mediating relations between organizations and the press and their interfaces with public opinion., El artículo describe los rituales y las estrategias de relaciones públicas utilizadas por las asesorías de comunicación de empresas y organizaciones de los diversos segmentos, actuantes en el mercado nacional, realizadas a través de acciones, programas y planes estructurados de gestión de crisis. Se analizan las vulnerabilidades de la identidad, imagen y reputación organizativas, los procesos narrativos, las tácticas aplicadas, la preparación de los portavoces, la función de los comités de crisis, la efectividad en la intermediación de las relaciones entre las organizaciones y la prensa y sus interfaces con la opinión pública.

The native digital newspaper Nexo is the empirical object of analysis of this study that aims to understand how its journalistic information is structured in terms of sections, themes, web potential, modalities, genres, and journalistic formats. The theoretical framework consists of the scenario of journalistic convergence, the structural changes and innovations associated with this convergence, and understanding the newspaper as a device, paying attention to the characteristics of cyberjournalism and how the newspaper was formed. The methodological procedures adopted are bibliographic and documentary researches and content analysis, which operationalize the evaluation of the corpus composed of materials collected in five spaces between September 11 and 24, 2017 - sections of the website, home page, Facebook page, newsletters and articles. There is a new proposal for framing sections and themes; distinct approaches to periodicity, topicality, universality and advertising; multiplatform articulation; exploration of different modalities, formats and genres; adoption of hypertextuality and memory for explanatory journalism; and the use of multimedia and interactivity as alternatives for editorial innovation.O jornal nativo digital Nexo é o objeto empírico de análise que visa averiguar como se dá a conformação editorial da informação jornalística no veículo tendo em vista seções e temas, potencialidades da web, modalidades, gêneros e formatos jornalísticos. O quadro teórico compreende o cenário de convergência jornalística, as mudanças estruturais e inovações a ele associadas e a apreensão do jornal enquanto dispositivo, atentando para especificidades do ciberjornalismo e da conformação do ciberjornal. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados são as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental e a análise de conteúdo, que operacionalizam a avaliação do corpus composto por materiais coletados entre 11 e 24 de setembro de 2017, em cinco espaços – seções do site, home, página do Facebook, newsletters e matérias. Observa-se uma nova proposta de enquadramento em seções e temas; abordagens distintas para periodicidade, atualidade, universalidade e publicidade; articulação multiplataforma; exploração de modalidades, formatos e gêneros diversos; adoção de hipertextualidade e memória para jornalismo explicativo; e uso de multimidialidade e interatividade como alternativas de inovação editorial.El periódico nativo digital Nexo es el objeto empírico de la análisis que tiene como objetivo determinar cómo és la conformación editorial de la información periodística en el vehículo, considerando las secciones y los temas, los potenciales de la web, las modalidades, los géneros y los formatos periodísticos. El marco teórico comprende el escenario de la convergencia periodística, los cambios estructurales y las innovaciones asociadas con él, la aprehensión del periódico como un dispositivo, en vista de las especificidades del ciberperiodismo y la conformación del ciberperiódico. Los procedimientos metodológicos adoptados son la investigación bibliográfica y documental y el análisis de contenido, que ponen en práctica la evaluación del corpus compuesto por materiales recopilados entre el 11 y el 24 de septiembre de 2017, en cinco espacios: secciones del sitio, página de inicio, página de Facebook, boletines informativos y artículos. Hay una nueva propuesta para enmarcar secciones y temas; enfoques distintos de periodicidad, actualidad, universalidad y publicidad; articulación multiplataforma; exploración de diferentes modalidades, formatos y géneros; adopción de hipertextualidad y memoria para periodismo explicativo; y el uso de multimedia e interactividad como alternativas para la innovación editorial.

The cultivation and consumption of transgenic foods is a subject of global debate. Given that Argentina and Brazil are the world’s largest producers of genetically modified crops after the United States, this article aims to explore the international controversy surrounding GM crops and its coverage in leading newspapers in these two countries. It aims to verify whether the press exercised its social function as an independent observer or if other interests influenced its coverage. For this, it includes a deductive content analysis of Clarín and Folha de São Paulo’s coverage of GM crops from 2016 to 2018. It concludes that Clarín’s coverage was more clearly pro-transgenic than that of Folha de São Paulo, which could be attributed to greater presence of protransgenic sources at Clarín, in addition to historical and economic factors that could have influenced the way these newspapers covered transgenic topics.O cultivo e consumo de alimentos transgênicos é objeto de debate global. Tendo em vista que, depois dos Estados Unidos, Argentina e Brasil serem os maiores produtores mundiais de culturas geneticamente modificadas, este artigo tem como objetivo explorar a controvérsia internacional em torno das culturas GM e seu reflexo na comunicação dos principais jornais desses dois países. O objetivo é verificar se a imprensa exerceu a função social que lhe foi atribuída ou se atuou influenciada por outros interesses. Para isso, realiza uma análise do conteúdo do tipo dedutivo da cobertura de transgênicos dos jornais Clarín e Folha em S. Paulo, no período 2016–2018. Conclui-se que a comunicação de Clarín foi mais claramente pró-transgênica do que a Folha de S. Paulo, o que pode ser atribuído a maior presença de fontes pró-transgênicas em Clarín, além de fatores históricos e econômicos que podem influenciar as diferentes coberturas oferecido pelos dois jornais.El cultivo y consumo de alimentos transgénicos es objeto de debate a nivel global. Teniendo en cuenta que, tras Estados Unidos, Argentina y Brasil son los mayores productores mundiales de cultivos genéticamente modificados, este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar la polémica internacional en torno a los transgénicos y su reflejo en la comunicación de diarios líderes de estos dos países. Se busca comprobar si la prensa ejerció la función social que se le atribuye o si actuó influida por otros intereses. Para ello se realiza un análisis de contenido de tipo deductivo de la cobertura sobre transgénicos de los diarios Clarín y Folha de São Paulo, durante el periodo 2016-2018. Se concluye que la comunicación de Clarín fue más claramente pro-transgénica que la de Folha de São Paulo, lo que podría atribuirse a la mayor presencia de fuentes pro-transgénicas en Clarín, además de factores históricos y económicos que pudieron influir en la distinta cobertura ofrecida por parte de los dos diarios.

In the beginning of this century, the human trafficking received wide attention in Portugal, which developed several actions to reinforce the legislation in this area. Not by coincidence, this attention is contemporary with the consolidation of the country as a receiver place, which indicates its inextricable relation with migration phenomenon. In this article, we purpose to analyze the representation of human trafficking for sexual exploitation – one of the most prominent vectors of this criminal practice –, in the journalistic discourse about Brazilian women immigrant’s prostitution. However, the Brazilian woman’s image that emerged in the news about prostitution, following the “Mothers of Bragança” case, in 2003, privileged the stereotyping, put in the background issues about trafficking and exploitation (Correia, 2014). Analyzing some texts of Público and Expresso newspapers published during these years, we observe an erratic route which sometimes privileges a sensational tone, and sometimes pay attention to the exploitation and trafficking issues, reflecting in this way the inconsistency found in the law about the theme.No início deste século, a problemática do tráfico de pessoas recebeu ampla atenção em Portugal, que empreendeu sucessivas ações de reforço legislativo neste âmbito. Não por acaso, esta atenção é contemporânea à consolidação do país como local de acolhimento, o que indica sua relação inextricável com o fenômeno migratório. Neste artigo, propomo-nos a analisar a representação do tráfico de pessoas para fins de exploração sexual – um dos vetores mais pronunciados desta prática –, a partir do discurso jornalístico sobre a prostituição de imigrantes brasileiras. Todavia, a imagem da brasileira que emergiu das reportagens sobre prostituição, em seguimento ao caso “Mães de Bragança”, em 2003, privilegiou a estereotipização, pondo em segundo plano a questão do tráfico e da exploração(Correia, 2014). A partir da análise a algumas peças dos jornais Público e Expresso ao longo destes anos, observamos um percurso errático em que ora se privilegia a linguagem sensacionalista, ora se enfoca a questão da exploração e do tráfico, refletindo assim a inconsistência verificada na legislação devotada ao tema.A principios de este siglo, el problema de la trata de personas ha recibido amplia atención en Portugal, que libró sucesivas acciones de fortalecimiento legislativo en la materia. No por casualidad, esta atención es contemporánea a la consolidación del país como lugar de acogida, lo que indica su relación inextricable con el fenómeno migratorio. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar la representación del tráfico de personas con fines de explotación sexual – uno de los vectores más pronunciados de esta práctica –, a partir del discurso periodístico sobre la prostitución de inmigrantes brasileñas. Sin embargo, la imagen de la brasileña que emergió de los reportajes sobre prostitución, en seguimiento al caso “Madres de Bragança”, en 2003, privilegió la estereotipización, poniendo en segundo plano la cuestión del tráfico y de la explotación (Correia, 2014). A partir del análisis a algunos textos de los periódicos Público y Expresso a lo largo de estos años, observamos una ruta errática en que por veces se privilegia el lenguaje sensacionalista y por veces se enfoca la cuestión de la explotación y del tráfico, reflejando así la inconsistencia verificada en la legislación dedicada al tema.

This paper analyzes the legal basis on which the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court (TSE) identified and removed content which it considered to be “fake news”. To accomplish this, we evaluate the argumentative strategy behind the first ruling which defined the jurisprudence, including allegations of corruption against then presidential candidate, Marina Silva (Rede party) in the 2018 presidential election. Analysis of this case shows that the legal system went to great efforts to legitimize this case in academic studies, but it appeared to be less concerned with the legal arguments as it only cited recent legal guidelines on the dissemination of fake news but did not provide further detail on them. Even though journalistic sources were included in the legal decision, the legal argument disregarded mainstream news reports.O artigo analisa a fundamentação legal apresentada pelo Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) para identificar e remover conteúdos considerados como “notícias falsas”. Para isso, será avaliada a estratégia de argumentação ao redor do primeiro julgamento que definiu a jurisprudência nesse caso, envolvendo denúncias de corrupção contra a então pré-candidata a presidente, Marina Silva, do partido Rede, na eleição presidencial de 2018. A análise do caso revela um maior esforço dialógico do judiciário para reforçar a legitimidade do caso em estudos acadêmicos, o que contrasta com menor preocupação com a argumentação legal, visto que diretrizes de leis recentes que tratam da disseminação de notícias falsas são citadas sem aprofundamento. Entretanto, ainda que fontes jornalísticas constem em sua argumentação, foram ignoradas as notícias publicadas pela imprensa tradicional que tratavam das mesmas denúncias removidas.El artículo analiza la fundamentación legal presentada por el Tribunal Superior Electoral (TSE) brasileño para la identificación y remoción de contenidos considerados como “noticias falsas”. Será evaluada la estrategia de argumentación alrededor del primer juicio que definió la jurisprudencia en ese caso, involucrando denuncias de corrupción contra la entonces pre-candidata a presidenta, Marina Silva (partido Rede) en la elección presidencial de 2018. El análisis del caso revela gran esfuerzo dialógico por parte del poder judicial para reforzar la legitimidad del caso en los estudios académicos, lo que contrasta con menor preocupación por el argumento legal, ya que las directrices de las leyes recientes que se ocupan de la difusión de noticias falsas fueron citadas sin más elaboración. A pesar de que las fuentes periodísticas están incluidas en su argumento, fueron ignoradas las noticias publicadas por la prensa tradicional que se ocuparon de las mismas quejas eliminadas.

Fact-checking was initially used to verify the factuality of information given by political agents. However, the proliferation of false information on social networks and concerns about the political use of spreading lies have led to fact-checking methodologies also being used to combat fake news. In terms of a cognitive and behavioral approach, Lazer et al. (2018) suggest there are some doubts as to how effective this methodology is. This article analyzes the performance of two Brazilian checking agencies, Aos Fatos and Agência Lupa. We demonstrate that, although checking discourse is directly related to the credibility of organizations, the agencies themselves do not lay out the criteria for selecting what is to be checked. The platforms that use this form of fact-checking mainly rely on data and studies provided by official sources and public institutions, once again compromising the credibility of the process.A prática de fact-checking foi iniciada para verificar a factualidade das informações nos discursos de agentes políticos. Mas a proliferação de informações falsas nas redes sociais da internet, e a preocupação com a disseminação de mentiras como instrumento político, fez com que as metodologias de fact-checking também fossem utilizadas para combater fake news. Levando em consideração uma abordagem cognitiva e comportamental, Lazer et al. (2018) alertam que existem dúvidas quanto à eficácia dessa utilização. Esse artigo analisa a atuação de duas agências brasileiras de checagem, Aos Fatos e Agência Lupa. Demonstramos que, apesar da checagem de discursos ter relação direta com a credibilidade das organizações, as próprias agências não explicitam os critérios que orientam a seleção do que é checado. E que nessa modalidade de checagem, as plataformas de fact-checking se valem, sobretudo, de dados e estudos fornecidos por fontes oficiais e instituições públicas, comprometendo mais uma vez a credibilidade do processo.La práctica de fact-checking inició para verificar la factualidad de las informaciones en los discursos de agentes políticos. Pero la proliferación de informaciones falsas en las redes sociales de internet, y la preocupación por la diseminación de mentiras como instrumento político, hizo que las metodologías de fact-checking también fueran utilizadas para combatir las fake news. Teniendo en cuenta un enfoque cognitivo y conductual, Lazer et al. (2018) advierten que existen dudas sobre la eficacia de esta utilización. Este artículo analiza la actuación de dos agencias brasileñas de chequeo, Aos Fatos y Agência Lupa. Demostramos que, aunque la verificación del discurso tiene una relación directa con la credibilidad de las organizaciones, las agencias mismas no detallan los criterios que guían la selección de lo que se verifica. Y que en este modo de verificación, las plataformas de verificación de hechos se basan principalmente en datos y estudios proporcionados por fuentes oficiales e instituciones públicas, comprometiendo una vez más la credibilidad del proceso.

A pioneer figure in the field, José Marques de Melo gained justified fame in journalism studies in Brazil, without elaborating upon a systematic reflection on the subject. In this article, we proceed to the rational reconstruction of what would be his journalism theory, in order to develop a critical judgment about its intellectual meaning and epistemological limits. We argue that his ideas are part of what will be referred to here as liberal-developmentalism. In conclusion, we affirm that the lack of greater scientific and intellectual resonance in his work is the result of the incompatibilities and contradictions of this kind of thinking with the historical formation of Brazilian society.Figura pioneira no campo, José Marques de Melo marcou posição nos estudos de jornalismo no Brasil, sem ter pretendido deixar reflexão sistemática a respeito do assunto. Procedemos neste artigo à reconstrução racional do que seria sua teoria do jornalismo para, no fim, emitir juízo crítico sobre seu significado intelectual e seus limites epistemológicos. Argumentamos que suas ideias se enquadram no que se chamará aqui de liberal-desenvolvimentismo. Em conclusão, afirmamos que a falta de maior ressonância científica e intelectual de sua obra é fruto das incompatibilidades e contradições do referido ideário com a formação histórica da sociedade brasileira.Figura pionera en el campo, José Marques de Melo marcó posición en los estudios de periodismo en Brasil, sin haber tenido la intención de elaborar una reflexión sistemática sobre el tema. En este artículo, procedemos a la reconstrucción racional de lo que sería su teoría del periodismo para, al final, emitir un juicio crítico sobre su significado intelectual y sus límites epistemológicos. Argumentamos que sus ideas caen dentro de lo que aquí se llamará liberal-desarrollismo. En conclusión, afirmamos que la falta de mayor resonancia científica e intelectual en su trabajo es resultado de las incompatibilidades y contradicciones de esa idea con la formación histórica de la sociedad brasileña.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 30, 2020, pp 265-281. El objeto de estudio de este trabajo es el análisis de la estrategia de comunicación que aplican diferentes destinos turísticos en Facebook. En concreto se examina la actividad, la capacidad de generar comunidad e interacción; qué temas contribuyen a ello y qué formatos predominan. Se parte de la hipótesis de que los territorios pueden lograr un mayor rendimiento de su presencia en los medios sociales. Como técnica metodológica, se propone el análisis de contenido de las páginas oficiales de los destinos incluidos en el estudio ‘City Tourism Performance Research’ (UNWTO y WTCF, 2017), que recoge casos de éxito en el turismo urbano, a los que se suma Málaga, por el ser el destino urbano de España que más crece. En total, se analizan 2.217 posts compartidos entre febrero y abril de 2019 en las páginas de las ciudades de Amberes, Berlín, Bogotá, Buenos Aires, Copenhague, Ciudad del Cabo, Hangzhou, Linz, Málaga, Marrakech, Pekín, Seúl, Sapporo, Tianjin, Tokio y Turín. Se concluye que los temas que generan más reacciones son aquellos que se corresponden con los elementos visuales y con los atributos diferenciadores de los destinos y se confirma que los territorios mantienen en Facebook una presencia más intuitiva que estratégica. The object of study of this work is the analysis of different tourist destinations’ communication strategy that is applied to Facebook. More specifically, the activity, the capacity to generate a community and interaction, what themes contribute to it, and what formats predominate are examined. It is based on the hypothesis that territories can achieve higher performance from their presence on social media. As a methodological technique, it proposes the content analysis of the official pages of the destinations included in the study “City Tourism Performance Research” (UNWTO and WTCF, 2017). The study provides success stories in urban tourism; Malaga is one of these as it is the fastest-growing urban destination in Spain. 2 217 shared posts are analysed between February and April 2019 on the pages of the following cities: Antwerp, Berlin, Bogota, Buenos Aires, Copenhagen, Cape Town, Hangzhou, Linz, Malaga, Marrakech, Beijing, Seoul, Sapporo, Tianjin, Tokyo, and Turin. The conclusion is that the themes that generate the most reactions are those that correspond to visual elements and the differentiating attributes of the destinations. It is also confirmed that the territories maintain a more intuitive rather than strategic presence on Facebook.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 30, 2020, pp 351-368. La investigación explora la dinámica de la legitimidad de un líder público y su organización con responsabilidades ejecutivas en un gobierno central. El objetivo de esta investigación es recuperar la confianza de los ciudadanos a las instituciones públicas mediante el bien intangible legitimidad. Por ello, se pretende analizar la congruencia que hay entre los juicios de legitimidad que sobre un ministerio de educación –Ministerio de Educación del Gobierno de España, con ministros José Ignacio Wert e Iñigo Méndez de Vigo (2011-2015)– formulan la propia organización, los medios y los ciudadanos. El diseño metodológico para la observación empírica es triangular y consiste en un análisis de contenido cuantitativo de los juicios de legitimidad, contrastando tres puntos de observación. En concreto, de la organización se analiza la comunicación en Twitter de los ministros y del ministerio, así como las notas de prensa y comunicados; de la prensa se analiza la prensa impresa y los perfiles de los diarios en Twitter; y de los ciudadanos, los tweets. Los resultados manifiestan cómo es la comunicación de una organización pública en su interacción con los diferentes actores, y cómo esta interacción puede afectar a su legitimidad y, en último término, a los ciudadanos. This research explores the dynamics of legitimacy in a public leader and his organisation with executive responsibilities in a central government. The aim of this study is to rebuild the trust of citizens in public institutions by means of the intangible asset legitimacy. Thus, our purpose is to analyse the congruence between the legitimacy judgements which the own organisation, the media and citizens make about a ministry of education –Ministry of Education of the Government of Spain, with José Ignacio Wert and Iñigo Méndez de Vigo as ministers (2011-2015)–. The empirical observation follows a triangular methodological design and consists in a quantitative content analysis of the legitimacy judgements, contrasting three points of observation. Specifically, an analysis of the following has been carried out: as far as the organisation is concerned, the communication on Twitter by the ministers and the Ministry, as well as press releases and announcements; regarding the media, print media and newspapers profiles on Twitter and, as for citizens, their tweets. The results show the communicative characteristics of the interaction between a public institution and the different actors, as well as how this interaction may affect its legitimacy, and ultimately, citizens.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 30, 2020, pp 331-349. Partiendo del concepto de reputación de consenso propuesto por la autora en anteriores investigaciones, se realiza un análisis comparativo de las metodologías existentes más reconocidas para evaluar la reputación corporativa, tanto desde el ámbito académico como profesional (monitores de reputación), y se identifican los diferentes planteamientos teóricos, sus componentes y los conceptos de reputación subyacentes a las metodologías. Comparados todos los métodos, se procede a su clasificación y a su análisis crítico. El trabajo de investigación concluye con la propuesta de una metodología de evaluación de la reputación corporativa a través de indicadores de rendimiento que se ajusta al concepto de reputación de consenso, y que aspira a ser una metodología válida y aceptada para la evaluación de la reputación. Based on the concept of reputation by consensus previously proposed by the author in earlier research, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the most recognised methodologies in existence today for assessing corporate reputation, both in the academic as well as professional fields (reputation ranking). Moreover, this study allows for the identification of different theoretical approaches, their features, and the concepts related to reputation underlying the methodologies. Once all of the methods are compared, they are subsequently classified and analysed objectively. This research concludes that the proposal of a methodology for assessing corporate reputation through performance indicators is in line with the concept of reputation by consensus, and the objective is for it to become a valid, accepted methodology for reputation assessment.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 30, 2020, pp 369-388. La imagen y la reputación son elementos que rigen la competencia actual. Las organizaciones cada vez se centran más es potenciar su imagen corporativa, por encima de otros aspectos de su actividad. En el ámbito de las universidades, esto no es diferente. Dada la reducción de recursos económicos y los cambios de legislación, las universidades se han visto obligadas a centrar su actividad en gestionar su imagen y su reputación, con el fin de atraer ingresos. Dentro de este contexto, la investigación que se presenta a continuación expone un análisis de contenido sobre las comunicaciones emitidas por la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos durante su periodo de crisis ocasionado por el denominado “caso máster”. El análisis se realiza desde un punto de vista cuantitativo y cualitativo, basándose en una serie de variables. De este modo, se pretende obtener conclusiones sobre la gestión de crisis llevada a cabo, que ayuden a esclarecer distintos aspectos sobre las acciones comunicativas, tras el exhaustivo análisis de las comunicaciones electrónicas emitidas por la universidad estudiada. Este análisis se centra en las variables de un determinado caso, sin añadir elementos subjetivos de juicio, pero determina que existieron acciones que no ayudaron a restablecer la credibilidad de la institución. Image and reputation are the factors that govern competition today. Organizations are increasingly focused on enhancing their corporate image even more so than other aspects of their activity. In the university realm, this is no different. Given the reduction in economic resources and changes in legislation, universities have felt compelled to focus on managing their image and reputation in order to attract revenue. Within this context, the investigation presented herein is a content analysis of the communications issued by Rey Juan Carlos University during the crisis resulting from the so-called “Master’s Degree case”. This analysis has been carried out from both a quantitative and qualitative point of view, based on a series of variables. The aim is to draw conclusions regarding how the crisis was handled, as such conclusions will help to clarify different aspects of the communicative actions after an exhaustive analysis of the electronic communications issued by the university under study. This paper focuses on investigating the variables involved in this particular case without introducing subjective aspects of judgement.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 30, 2020, pp 145-163. El campo académico de la comunicación ha estudiado de forma primordial los procesos de comunicación mediática. En este texto se reivindica la necesidad de investigar los aspectos interpersonal e intersubjetivo de la comunicación. Para ello, en un primer momento, se presentan tres propuestas teóricas clásicas para la comprensión de la comunicación intersubjetiva y su distinción de la comunicación interpersonal: el Interaccionismo Simbólico, la Sociología Fenomenológica y la Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa. En un segundo momento se propone la incorporación de la dimensión emocional y afectiva a los estudios sobre comunicación, a partir de la articulación entre cuerpo, comunicación y emociones, elementos que son presentados a partir de las propuestas de Goffman, Bourdieu, Merleau-Ponty y Collins. El ensayo concluye con algunas ideas metodológicas en torno a cómo se puede investigar la comunicación intersubjetiva, así como con la exposición de algunos retos a tomar en cuenta en este subcampo de estudios de la comunicación The academic field of communication has primarily studied media communication processes. This article claims the need to investigate the interpersonal and intersubjective aspects of communication. Firstly, three classical theories are presented: Symbolic Interactionism, Phenomenological Sociology, and the theory of Communicative Action. All are about understanding intersubjective communication and how it is distinguished from interpersonal communication. Secondly, the article argues for the emotional and affective dimension to be incorporated into communication studies. This starts with the articulation between the body, communication, and emotions. The presentation of these elements is based on proposals by Goffman, Bourdieu, Merleau- Ponty, and Collins. This article concludes with some methodological ideas about how to investigate intersubjective communication, and presents some challenges that should be considered in this sub-field of communication studies.

Society in general, as well as particular sectors of the public, actively seek information, but they are also content creators. Therefore, it is not only a matter of disseminating information, but also of communicating in a two-way direction and according to the needs detected from the business or institutional commitment to society. The role of public relations in discovering issues and their scope in reaching audiences (tangible values) is fundamental to effectively managing communication, building trust and gaining reputation (intangible values).

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 30, 2020, pp 187-210. La humanización constituye, sin duda alguna, un compromiso socialmente responsable de los hospitales, un deber ineludible para lograr unas relaciones públicas excelentes con los pacientes y sus familiares. Nuestro propósito es conocer cómo se comunica la humanización de la atención sanitaria en cuatro hospitales públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid, que sirven de muestra cualitativa, y explorar la percepción que tienen sobre ella los profesionales sanitarios. Para ello, tomamos como punto de partida el Plan de Humanización de la atención sanitaria presentado por la Consejería de Sanidad en 2016. Los resultados del análisis documental, las entrevistas en profundidad a los responsables de humanización de estos hospitales, y los grupos de discusión con médicos y personal de enfermería, revelan que el proceso de humanización se presenta dispar en dichos hospitales madrileños, que la comunicación constituye una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar sus objetivos, y la necesidad de optimizar las acciones comunicativas para conseguir los mejores resultados. Humanization is, undoubtedly, a socially responsible commitment for hospitals, an inescapable duty to achieve excellent public relations with patients and their families. Our goal is to learn how the humanization of health care is communicated in four public hospitals in the Community of Madrid, which serve as a qualitative sample, and to explore the perception that healthcare professionals have of it. To this end, we take as our starting point the Plan for the Humanization of Health Care presented by the Consejería de Salud [Regional Ministry of Health] in 2016. The results of the documentary analysis, in-depth interviews with those responsible for humanization in four hospitals and discussion groups with doctors and nurses show that the humanization process is uneven in these hospitals in Madrid, that communication is a fundamental tool to achieve its objectives, and the need to optimize.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 30, 2020, pp 229-248. Las redes sociales se han convertido en plataformas esenciales para ejercer influencia en periodos electorales. Son foros donde los actores políticos promocionan sus agendas y programas, animan a la movilización y piden el voto, aunque rara vez dialogan con la ciudadanía. El objetivo de este estudio es profundizar en el caso de Facebook y evaluar las funciones que le atribuyen los políticos españoles, mediante el análisis de contenido cuantitativo de todas las publicaciones difundidas por los principales partidos y sus candidatos en la campaña electoral de 2016. Los resultados indican que los actos de campaña copan el grueso de la actividad y que la interacción con la audiencia es escasa. Se aprecia, además, una tendencia al alza de la personalización y la construcción de comunidad, estrategias que pueden permitir ganar influencia mostrando el lado más humano de los candidatos y apelando a los valores e ideología del partido. Social media have become fundamental platforms of influence during election periods. They are forums where politicians promote their agendas and programs, encourage mobilisation, and call on the public to vote, although they rarely engage in dialogue with citizens. The aim of this study is to delve deeper into the case of Facebook and evaluate the functions that Spanish politicians attribute to this platform by using quantitative content analysis of all the posts published by the main political parties and their candidates in the 2016 Spanish election campaign. The results indicate that campaign events take up a significant part of the activity, and that interaction with the audience is low. There is also an upward trend in personalisation and community building, strategies that can help to gain influence by showing a more human side of the candidates and appealing to the values and ideology of the party.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 30, 2020, pp 107-125. La llegada de la Web 2.0 trajo consigo la explosión de numerosas teorías de la participación que vislumbraban el empoderamiento comunicacional ciudadano y la descentralización del relato mediático, ahora también potencialmente protagonizado por creadores no profesionales, “los antiguamente conocidos como la audiencia”. Este ensayo plantea un análisis comparativo entre el zine y el podcast como medios alternativos catalizadores del empoderamiento mediático y la distribución de discursos contraculturales, a partir del estudio de sus aspectos definitorios, tales como su financiación, distribución y circulación, la durabilidad de los proyectos, su carácter de medio personal, instrumental y social y sus lógicas creativas. A partir de este análisis, el trabajo teoriza sobre la falsa novedad de la cultura de la participación y las escasas posibilidades emancipatorias reales que los ciudadanos encuentran en los medios digitales, instando a un enfoque crítico hacia las utópicas visiones de la comunicación digital. The advent of Web 2.0 entailed a surge of numerous participatory theories that heralded the advent of citizen communicative empowerment and the decentralization of the media discourse, nowadays potentially led by amateur creators, or “those who were formerly known as the audience”. This essay poses a comparative analysis between the zine and the podcast as alternative media catalysts for media empowerment and the spread of counterculture narratives by studying their defining aspects, such as funding, distribution/circulation, project longevity, their features as media that is personalized, instrumental, and social, in addition to their creative rationale. From this analysis, the present study engages in a theoretical inquiry into the false novelty of participatory culture and the few possibilities of liberation that citizens can find in digital media, urging a discerning approach to utopian visions regarding digital communication.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 30, 2020, pp 55-77. En esta investigación se examina la asociación entre el uso político de redes sociales y la participación en actividades de protesta política a nivel individual, así como el efecto moderador que sobre esta relación ejercen el estatus socioeconómico y la pertenencia a grupos políticos. Para probar las hipótesis planteadas se emplearon datos de encuestas aplicadas en Quito, Ecuador (N = 1520) en el año 2018. Los principales resultados son los siguientes: i) el uso de redes sociales (Facebook, Twitter) para el consumo de información y la expresión política influye positivamente sobre el comportamiento de protesta; ii) este efecto movilizador se intensifica en las personas de menor nivel socioeconómico y con mayor grado de participación en agrupaciones políticas offline; iii) la fuerza de las relaciones de moderación descritas se modifica dependiendo de la plataforma digital que se emplee políticamente. Finalmente se discuten las implicaciones de los hallazgos en torno al debate sobre redes sociales, comunicación política y democracia. This research examines the association between the political use of social media and participation in political protest activities at individual level, as well as the moderating effect that socioeconomic status and membership to political groups exert on this relationship. To test the raised hypotheses, the study uses survey data collected in Quito, Ecuador (N = 1520) in 2018. The main results are: (i) the use of social network sites (Facebook, Twitter) for the consumption of political information and political expression positively influences protest behaviour; (ii) this mobilizing effect is intensified in people of lower socio-economic status and with a higher degree of participation in offline political groups; (iii) the strength of the moderation relationships described is modified depending on the digital platform being used politically. Finally, the implications of the findings around the debate on social media, political communication and democracy are discussed.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 30, 2020, pp 127-143. Este estudio presenta una tipología de espectadores teatrales que contempla la influencia de los medios de comunicación y otras instancias de prescripción en sus decisiones de asistencia al teatro, un aspecto no abordado por ninguna investigación previa. La investigación se basa en una encuesta a 210 asistentes a representaciones teatrales de tres salas de la ciudad de Valencia. La aplicación de diversas técnicas estadísticas multivariables ha permitido identificar una tipología de cuatro perfiles de consumidores escénicos: los informados-alternativos, los documentados-receptivos, los distantes- independientes y los convencionales-comerciales. Esta tipología pone de manifiesto que los consumidores escénicos difieren en la influencia que sobre ellos tiene la presión mediática, el contenido temático de la representación o el prestigio y la notoriedad de la dirección y el reparto de la obra, así como en la intensidad con la que buscan información y consultan noticias y reseñas en los medios de comunicación. This study presents a typology of theatre audiences that contemplates the impact of the mass media and other influential agents on the decision to attend the theatre, an aspect that has not been examined in previous research. The study is based on a survey of 210 spectators in three theatres in the city of Valencia. The application of various multivariate statistical techniques made it possible to identify a typology with four profiles of theatregoers: informed-alternative; documented-receptive; distant-independent; and conventionalcommercial. This typology reveals that members of the theatre audience are differentially influenced by the media, the thematic content of the representation, the prestige and notoriety of the director and actors, and the intensity with which they search for information and consult opinions and reviews in the media.