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Three Northern Italian regions, Valle d’Aosta, Piedmont and Liguria, have specific identities though united by deep geographical and historical common traits. They are traditional wine-growing regions, producing several renowned wines, often in difficult areas. The ‘heroic’ viticulture, vineyard sites at altitudes over 500 meters (1,600 feet), vines planted on slopes greater than 30% on terraces or embankments, is a cultural element of the wine-growing system in all the three regions, each having a share of mountain and slope areas. Liguria and Valle d’Aosta are much smaller regions than Piedmont; they have a big share of mountain area of the total regional surface. The paper aims describing the diversity of wine landscapes in the three regions, all of them having a large mountain and slope area within the respective total geographical surface. Data have been collected following the Grounded theory, i.e. retrieving data from very diverse sources, including direct observations. Results are that the reality of the heroic viticulture is a fundamental part of the local wine-making in Valle d’Aosta and Liguria.

Based on official data, statistics, publications in scientific literature and our own research analyzes the state of population health and mountain foothill residents of Chernivtsi region. It is shown that population-health caused by mountaineers set of factors among which the main ones are the hygienic quality of the environment and socio-economic performance of the region., Проведено аналіз стану популяційного здоров’я жителів передгірної та гірської частини Чернівецької області. Показано, що популяційне здоров’я горян зумовлене комплексом факторів серед яких основними є гігієнічна якість навколишнього середовища та соціально-економічні показники розвитку регіону., На основании официальных данных статистики, публикаций в научной периодике и собственных исследований проведен анализ состояния популяционного здоровья жителей предгорной и горной части Черновицкой области. Показано, что популяционное здоровье горцев обусловлено комплексом факторов среди которых основными являются гигиеническая качество окружающей среды и социально-экономические показатели развития региона.