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This study investigates: 1) The extent to which adolescents with and without immigration backgrounds differ in their behavioral autonomy desires and the behavioral autonomy restrictions they may perceive from their parents. 2) The relationship between behavioral autonomy desires and behavioral autonomy conflicts with parents and perceptions of family support. 3) Whether the relationship between behavioral autonomy desires and behavioral autonomy conflicts with parents and family support varies depending on the behavioral autonomy restrictions adolescents perceive. 4) The extent to which there is a difference between adolescents with and without an immigration background in the association between behavioral autonomy desires and both behavioral autonomy conflict with parents and family support. 5) The extent to which behavioral autonomy restrictions have a greater impact on the relationship between behavioral autonomy desires and both behavioral autonomy conflicts with parents and family support for adolescents with an immigration background than for adolescents without an immigration background.

Marketing for sustainable tourism primarily attracts customers with a biospheric–altruistic value orientation. To reach a broader consumer group and also persuade people with a self-enhancement ori...

An analysis of individual and organizational determinants of proenvironmental work-related travel behavior, and their interactions, is presented. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with office workers from four organizations in two Dutch provinces. Environmentally-relevant behavior related to commutes and business trips (i.e. travel frequency, travel mode, teleworking, and teleconferencing) was examined. Evidence from interorganizational comparisons suggests that organizational measures did not have uniform effects on employee behavior which was partially due to differences in attitude and personal income. The salience of social norms pertaining to work-related travel behavior also differed between organizations and organizational subpopulations. Differences in attitudes between employees, however, did correspond to some extent to organizational culture or focus differences at the organizational level. Finally, the results underscore the possibility that similar outcomes at the behavioral level might be the result of different underlying dynamics. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

We present a framework for estimating average and conditional effects of a discrete treatment variable on a continuous outcome variable, conditioning on categorical and continuous covariates. Using the new approach, termed the EffectLiteR approach, researchers can consider conditional treatment effects given values of all covariates in the analysis and various aggregates of these conditional treatment effects such as average effects, effects on the treated, or aggregated conditional effects given values of a subset of covariates. Building on structural equation modeling, key advantages of the new approach are (1) It allows for latent covariates and outcome variables; (2) it permits (higher order) interactions between the treatment variable and categorical and (latent) continuous covariates; and (3) covariates can be treated as stochastic or fixed. The approach is illustrated by an example, and open source software EffectLiteR is provided, which makes a detailed analysis of effects conveniently accessible for applied researchers.

From a corporate social responsibility perspective, there are many reasons to promote teleconference use as an alternative to business travel. The present study examines psychosocial and organizational factors relevant to teleconference use. We tested an extended Theory of Planned Behavior model of teleconference use among office workers of four organizations. Results indicate that intention was the strongest direct predictor of teleconference use. Habit and perceived norm, in turn, were the strongest predictors of intention to use teleconference. In contrast, attitude was only weakly predictive and perceived control not predictive at all of intention to use teleconference. We also examined how this model was influenced by the organizational context by comparing organizations from two different regions, and organizations from the private vs . the public sector. Most teleconference-related beliefs differed between regions and organizational sectors. The relevance of specific attitudinal and normative beliefs to the overall attitude and perceived norm also differed between organizational sectors. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

PIRLS 2006 collected data about reading literacy and various factors connected to educational policies and school, family and student contexts, using a large sample of European fourth grade students. The aim of the present study is to examine, for European data (N = 96177), the interplay between educational policy, school, teacher, family and student factors, and their relationships to reading literacy. A structural equation model (SEM) comprising school, teachers, parents, and pupils variables is developed and tested. The influence of curriculum policies in various European countries was tested in terms of an interaction effect by means of multiple samples SEM.

We use the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to detect gender effects in the variables that shape entrepreneurial intentions. We find that the effect of gender on intentions is mediated via personal attitudes toward entrepreneurship and more so via perceived control over becoming an entrepreneur. These mediation effects at factorial level can be explained by moderation effects at indicator level. Where male students are driven by the more dominant achievement-oriented entrepreneurial values, female students are more driven by the less dominant balance-oriented entrepreneurial values. Where male students are driven by both internal and external feelings of control, female students are driven by the more dominant internal feelings of control. This study adds to the research that studies entrepreneurial intentions and clarifies how different entrepreneurial definitions for men and women may drive entrepreneurial behavior. ispartof: Working paper Steunpunt Ondernemen en Internationaal Ondernemen nrpages: 29 status: published