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The aim of the work is to study the world experience and views on the clinic and systematics of non-psychotic manifestations in schizoaffective disorder (SAD) by analyzing modern scientific literary sources. The relevance of study on SAD is determined by the significant prevalence in the population (0.2–0.6 %) and negative socio-economic consequences of the disease. Significant problems in SAD are family and work maladjustment, suicidality and states of psychoactive substance use comorbidity. The nosological independence of the disease was put into question and it was reflected in diagnostic approaches and classifications. In the clinical practice, SAD is considered independently and as a variant of schizophrenia or affective disorders. Diagnostics and prognostic criteria regarding personality changes in SAD are still at the stage of determining. Conclusions. Understanding of definitions “prognosis”, “outcome”, and “maladjustment” in SAD is not unified. Signs of SAD in remission and intermission is the most recent aspect of the SAD clinic, which dictates the need to assess personality changes and the level of social adaptation and functioning., Мета роботи – шляхом огляду й аналізу сучасних наукових літературних джерел дослідити світовий досвід та погляди на клініку і систематику змін особистості при шизоафективному розладі (ШАР). Актуальність дослідження ШАР зумовлена істотною поширеністю в популяції (становить 0,2–0,6 %) та суттєвими негативними соціально-економічними наслідками захворювання. Важливою проблемою при ШАР є сімейна та трудова дезадаптація, суїцидальність і коморбідність станів вживання психоактивних речовин. Нозологічна самостійність захворювання сумнівна, і це можна підтвердити різноманітністю діагностичних підходів і класифікацій. У клінічній практиці ШАР визначають і самостійно, і як варіант шизофренії або афективного розладу, адже діагностичні та прогностичні критерії ШАР щодо особистісних змін перебувають на етапі визначення. Висновки. Наповнення понять «прогноз», «наслідок», «дезадаптація» при ШАР залишається неуніфікованим. Ознаки ШАР у станах ремісії та інтермісії – найменш досліджений аспект клініки ШАР, а тому необхідним є оцінювання змін особистості та ступеня збереження / втрати соціальної адаптації / функціональності.

Background.Over the past decades many Russian and foreign authors have devoted their studies to psychiatric comorbidity and suicidal behaviour in people with epilepsy. It is particularly important to find risk factors to develop suicidal ideation in this group of patients. According to the World Health Organisation, suicide is the second cause of death among patients with epilepsy, especially those under 29 years. Social maladaptation and deviant reactions to isolation within the framework of personality disorder and frustrating elements necessitate strategy development to prevent suicide intentions in this group of patients.Objective:to find risk factors contributing to suicidal behaviour in patients with epilepsy.Material and methods.We examined 102 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and divided them into two groups consistent with the available relevant suicide ideators: Group 1 (reference group) – without suicide ideators (n=73), Group 2 (study group) – with suicide ideators at the time of the study (n=29). We conducted a pathopsychological study using scales and questionnaires.Results.Patients with epilepsy and suicidal ideation are more vulnerable to a wide range of mental health disorders. Behavioural and mood disorders predominate. Risk factors for suicide in this patient cohort relate to a darker outlook on the future and emotional instability. All limits of the antisuicidal behaviour pattern reduced uniformly, except for the Family responsibility. Amidst the severe course of the underlying medical conditions, disharmony is formed in attitude towards the disease.Conclusion.Assessment of the risk factors for the development of suicidal ideation in patients with epilepsy is a challenging multidisciplinary task. Even with relative mental well-being, it is worth focusing on all aspects of quality of life.

Introduction: The burden of personality disorders (PDs) in China is large and the focus on mental health services is increasing. However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence regarding the prevalence of comorbid PD in psychotic and non-psychotic disorders, and whether PDs have different distributions. We aimed to investigate the PD comorbidity distribution pattern between psychotic and non-psychotic disorders using a clinical population-based study.Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,497 patients in Shanghai. PDs were screened using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire Fourth Edition Plus (PDQ-4+). All patients were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) Axis II (SCID-II). We compared the differences in PD comorbidities classified as the 10 types of PDs in the DSM-IV, in 531 patients with psychosis and 966 patients with non-psychotic disorders.Results: More than one-third (37%) of patients with psychotic disorders met the criteria of at least one PD. Approximately half (46%) of patients with non-psychotic disorders met the criteria of at least one PD. Patients with non-psychotic disorders were more likely to meet the criteria of borderline (χ2 = 20.154, p < 0.001) and obsessive-compulsive PD (χ2 = 21.164, p < 0.001) diagnoses compared to those with psychotic disorders. In contrast, patients with psychotic disorders were more likely to meet the criteria of paranoid (χ2 = 11.144, p = 0.001) and schizotypal PD (χ2 = 14.004, p < 0.001) diagnoses than those with non-psychotic disorders.Discussion: PD comorbidity is common and comorbidity distribution pattern is varied in patients with psychotic and non-psychotic disorders, implicating the development of specific strategies that could screen and assess PDs in psychiatric clinical practice.

EgeUn###, Background. Psychotic experiences (PEs) may predict a range of common, non-psychotic disorders as well as psychotic disorders. In this representative, general population-based cohort study, both psychotic and non-psychotic disorder outcomes of PE were analysed, as were potential moderators. Methods. Addresses were contacted in a multistage clustered probability sampling frame covering 11 districts and 302 neighbourhoods at baseline (n = 4011). Participants were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) both at baseline and at 6-year follow-up. Participants with PE at baseline were clinically re-interviewed with the SCID-I at follow-up. The role of socio-demographics, characteristics of PE, co-occurrence of mood disorders and family history of mental disorders were tested in the association between baseline PE and follow-up diagnosis. Results. In the participants with baseline PE, the psychotic disorder diagnosis rate at follow up was 7.0% - much lower than the rates of DSM-IV mood disorders without psychotic features (42.8%) and other non-psychotic disorders (24.1%). Within the group with baseline PE, female sex, lower socio-economic status, co-occurrence of mood disorders, family history of a mental disorder and persistence of PE predicted any follow-up DSM diagnosis. Furthermore, onset of psychotic v. non-psychotic disorder was predicted by younger age (15-30 years), co-presence of delusional and hallucinatory PE and family history of severe mental illness. Conclusion. The outcome of PE appears to be a consequence of baseline severity of multidimensional psychopathology and familial risk. It may be useful to consider PE as a risk indicator that has trans-diagnostic value., Scientific and Technological Council of Turkey 1001 programmeTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [107S053, 112S476], This work is part of the TurkSch project, funded by the Scientific and Technological Council of Turkey 1001 programme, project no: 107S053 and 112S476.

In the present study attempt has been made to investigate the extent of alexithymia in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, non-psychotic disorders and normal people. The research sample consisted of 60 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 60 non-psychotic disorders from inpatients and outpatients of Mostafa Khomeini and Hazrat Rasoul hospitals, and 140 students from Tehran university (results of Leven test indicated the homogeneity of variance among three groups). Using Torento Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) they were compared. Results showed that alexithymia had significant difference in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and normal people; and non-psychotic disorders and normal people, but differences weren‘t significant between patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and non-psychotic disorders. The difficulty in describing feelings, difficulty in identifying feelings and externally-oriented thinking were higher in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders than other groups. In all groups, males had more problems in describing feelings and externally-oriented thinking. These results suggest that high level of alexithymia could contribute to a greater vulnerability for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and it could set males at high risk for these disorders. thus, it is essential to contrive a special treatment to decrease alexithymia in these patients.

In the article on a representative material of the modern Russian theory and practice of psychotherapy, we show that the psychological aspect of physical suffering, although recognized by modern medicine, is traditionally treated as a minor and one that defies prediction and algoritmisation. We conducted a metatheoretic analysis of domestic and foreign concepts in the practice of somatic patients psychotherapy, analyzed the practical effectiveness of different models of person-centered psychotherapy of patients with personality disorders of nonpsychotic genesis. We allocated specific scope of clinical psychologists and psychotherapists, namely personality-oriented psychotherapy in patients with non-psychotic personality disorders or uncomfortable psychological conditions manifested by chronic physical illness. Reflective metatheoretical analysis of existing theory and practice of psychotherapeutic work with these patients allows to clearly define and identify the range of issues, signs of a disorder, i.e. formulate an indicative basis for this particular set of problems and, most importantly, provide appropriate space for the most effective psychotherapeutic intervention aimed at enhancing the adaptive resources of the Self.