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open access; International audience; We present concepts and recipes for the anytime performance assessment when benchmarking optimization algorithms in a blackbox scenario. We consider runtime-oftentimes measured in number of blackbox evaluations needed to reach a target quality-to be a universally measurable cost for solving a problem. Starting from the graph that depicts the solution quality versus runtime, we argue that runtime is the only performance measure with a generic, meaningful, and quantitative interpretation. Hence, our assessment is solely based on runtime measurements. We discuss proper choices for solution quality indicators in single-and multiobjective optimization, as well as in the presence of noise and constraints. We also discuss the choice of the target values, budget-based targets, and the aggregation of runtimes by using simulated restarts, averages, and empirical cumulative distributions which generalize convergence graphs of single runs. The presented performance assessment is to a large extent implemented in the comparing continuous optimizers (COCO) platform freely available at https://github.com/numbbo/coco.

The object of research is a double chamber evaporative cooling system for the storage of vegetables with one chamber filled River sand, the other Sawdust as absorbents and Ambient chamber storage conditions being the third treatment (control). Amaranthus was used as the test crop. The structure was developed both internally and externally using six (6) inches concrete blocks and plastered with cemented mortar. 460 g each of Garden fresh vegetables (Amaranthus) were collected and kept chambers of the evaporative cooling system and ambient chamber conditions (control), then, replicated twice respectively. Change in quality (weight reduction, withering, change in colour), temperature change, relative humility and cooling effectiveness were the parameter assessed during the experiment and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Duncan’s Multiply Test at 5 % level of significance. The experiment was conducted and analyzed at Crop Production Department of the Federal College of Forestry (Jericho Ibadan, Nigeria). The study revealed there were no significant difference between relative humidity (%), absorbent cooling efficiency (%) for absorbent materials in the evaporative cooling chambers were (89.90 %, 89.30 % and 75.80 %) and (88.50 %, 82.50 % and 80.40 %) for day 10 and 15 River Sand (RS), sawdust (SD) and Control (Cont.) respectively. While, Control had moderately highest temperature reading at day 13 (30 °C), followed by Sawdust (28.90 °C) and River Sand (27.80 °C). However, vegetables kept in the ambient chamber were observed to rot faster than those in the double chamber of the evaporative cooling system. Complete deterioration occurred at day 5 for ambient chamber conditions. The quality of the vegetables kept in double evaporative cooling chamber using river sand performed best in the storage of Amaranthus. This research hereby recommended that evaporative cooling chambers filled with river sand and constant water supplied to keep the absorbent moist should be utilized for storage of Amaranths and other vegetables in an evaporative cooling system. Further studies should vary the use of different porous absorbent. Also, cooling fans should also be incorporated to the storage system to enhance cooling efficiency., Об’єктом дослідження є двокамерна випарна система охолодження для зберігання овочів, одна камера якої заповнена річковим піском, інша – тирсою як абсорбентом, а зберігання в камері при умовах навколишнього середовища є третім параметром (контролем). Як дослідну культуру використовували амарант (Amaranthus). Конструкція системи була виготовлена як зсередини, так і зовні з використанням шести (6) дюймових бетонних блоків і оштукатурена цементним розчином. 460 г садових свіжих овочів (Amaranthus) збирали та зберігали в камерах випарної системи охолодження та при кімнатних умовах (контроль), потім повторювали двічі, відповідно. Зміна якості (зменшення ваги, в’янення, зміна кольору), зміна температури, відносна компактність і ефективність охолодження були параметрами, які оцінювали під час експерименту, і піддавали дисперсійному аналізу (ANOVA) з використанням тесту Duncan’s Multiply Test на 5 % рівні значущості. Експеримент проводився та аналізувався у відділі рослинництва Федерального коледжу лісового господарства (Єрихон Ібадан, Нігерія). Дослідження виявило відсутність істотної різниці між відносною вологістю (%), ефективністю охолодження абсорбенту (%) для абсорбуючих матеріалів у камерах випарного охолодження (89,90 %, 89,30 % і 75,80 %) і (88,50 %, 82,50 % і 80,40 % ) на 10 і 15 день для річкового піску, тирси та контролю, відповідно. У той час як контроль мав помірно найвищу температуру на 13 день (30 °C), потім тирса (28,90 °C) і річковий пісок (27,80 °C). Однак спостерігалося, що овочі, які зберігалися в камері при умовах навколишнього середовища, гниють швидше, ніж овочі в подвійній камері системи випарного охолодження. Повне погіршення відбулося на 5-й день для камери з умовами навколишнього середовища. Якість овочів, які зберігалися в камері подвійного випарного охолодження з використанням річкового піску, була найкращою при зберіганні амаранту. В цьому дослідженні рекомендується використовувати для зберігання амаранту та інших овочів у системі випарного охолодження камери випарного охолодження, наповнені річковим піском і постійною подачею води для підтримки вологості абсорбенту. Подальші дослідження повинні бути направлені на вивчення використання різних пористих абсорбентів. Крім того, вентилятори охолодження також повинні бути включені в систему зберігання, щоб підвищити ефективність охолодження.

This paper presents a state of the art review for 3D printed facades. In the review, three main topics are identified: (i) computational design strategies for 3D printed facades, (ii) fabrication processes and materials, and (iii) performance assessment. The design section displays computational tools and methods for design to production of 3D printed facades. The chapter fabrication processes, materials, and applications illustrates the technology potential for facade application sorted by material groups. The performance assessment section presents current approaches to evaluating and validating the performance of 3DP facades. Finally, knowledge gaps, challenges, and future trends are discussed to offer insights into leading-edge solutions for facade design and fabrication., Automation in Construction, 152, ISSN:0926-5805

Touch has a pivotal importance in determining the expressivity of musical performance for a number of musical instruments. However, most digital musical devices provide no interactive force and/or vibratory feedback to the performer, thus depriving the somatosensory channel of a number of cues. Is the lack of haptic feedback only an aesthetic issue, or does it remove cues essential for digital instrument playing? If so, at which level is the interaction objectively impoverished? What are the effects on musical performance? In this survey article we illustrate our recent research about the use of vibrotactile feedback in three digital instrument interfaces, using tools that we developed over several years and made available to the community in open-source form. These interfaces span a wide range of familiarity and gestural opportunities, enabling us to explore the impact of haptic feedback on different types of digital instruments. We conducted experiments with professional musicians to assess the impact of vibratory cues on both the perceived quality of the instrument and the playing experience, as well as on musical performance. Particular attention was paid to scientific rigor and repeatability of the results, so as to serve as a reference for researchers and practitioners of the musical haptics community. Our results suggest a significant role of vibrotactile feedback in shaping the perception of digital musical instruments, although the effects on musical performance varied depending on the interfaces tested.

The importance of renewable energy compared to fossil fuels is increasing due to growing energy demand and environmental challenges. Multi-generation systems use one or more energy sources and produce several useful outputs. The present study aims at investigating and comparing solar energy based multi-generation systems with and without once -through MSF desalination unit from the thermodynamic point of view. Firstly, hydrogen, electricity, and hot water for space heating and domestic usage are produced using the system, which consists of a parabolic trough collector, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and a PEM electrolyzer and heat exchanger as sub-systems. The performance of the entire system is evaluated from the energetic and exergetic points of view. Various parameters affecting hydrogen production rate and efficiency values are also investigated with the thermodynamic model implemented in the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) package. The system can produce hydrogen at a mass flow rate of 20.39 kg/day. The results of the study show that the energy and exergy efficiency values of the ORC are calculated to be 16.80% and 40% while those for the overall system are determined to be 78% and 25.50%, respectively. Secondly, once-through MSF desalination unit is integrated to the system between ORC evaporator and heat exchanger producing domestic hot water in the solar cycle in order not to affect hydrogen production rate while thermodynamic values are compared. Fresh water production capacity of the system is calculated to be at a volumetric flow rate of 5.74 m(3)/day with 10 stages. (C) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.

This study aims to determine a comprehensive performance assessment of science education using peer assessment and self-assessment to measure scientific process skills. The method of writing article through a literature review that was published from 2010 to 2022, descriptive qualitative and bibliometric analysis was used by the Perish 8 and VOS Viewer software, from 1000 articles sourced from journals, books, conferences, proceedings, and other literature that have been screened on Google Scholar and Scopus databases by the Publish and Perish 8 software. Found 340 articles sourced from journals and only 127 articles indexed by Scopus, consisting of 64 articles on Q1, 47 articles on Q2, 12 Articles on Q3 and four articles on Q4 to be used as references for further analysis as a literature review to write this articles. The results of the bibliometric study qualitatively found that a comprehensive assessment of performance on science process skills can be assessed through peer assessment and self-assessment. Further analysis with the VOS Viewer application found a relationship between peer assessment and self-assessment of student science process skills.

Among existing studies on formation reconfiguration for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAVs), the majority are conducted on the assumption that the swarm scale is stationary. In fact, because of emergencies, such as communication malfunctions, physical destruction, and mission alteration, the scale of the multi-UAVs can fluctuate. In these cases, the achievements of formation reconfiguration for fixed-scale multi-UAVs are no longer applicable. As such, in this article, the formation reconfiguration problem of leader–follower multi-UAVs is investigated with a variable swarm scale taken into consideration. First, a streamlined topological structure is designed on the basis of the parity of the vertex numbers. Then, three formation reconfiguration strategies corresponding to the scenarios covering leader disengagement, follower detachment, and new member additions are developed with the aim of reducing the frequency of connection changes. Moreover, in terms of the leader election link of the leader disengagement scenario, a knowledge-based performance assessment model for UAVs is constructed with the help of the hierarchical belief rule base (BRB). Finally, the proposed formation reconfiguration strategies for leader disengagement, new member addition, and follower disengagement are demonstrated through simulations. The connection retention rate (CRR) for swarm communication topology under the three formation reconfiguration strategies can reach 67%, 90%, and 100%, respectively.

This research aims to evaluate the main determinants of real water loss per unit length of the network in the Portuguese water sector, using data covering a 10-year period. The governance model, typology of the area, type of service, management model, total water conveyed, and total network length were found to be statistically significant determinants. The methodology employed Generalized Linear Models and Artificial Neural Networks, confirming the existence of interactions and non-linearity. From a public policy perspective, setting water loss targets based only on two variables - area typology and type of service – is not a robust approach. published

Abstract Organ transplant is one of the best options for many medical conditions, and in many cases, it may be the only treatment option. Recent evidence suggests, however, that the COVID-19 pandemic might have detrimentally affected the provision of this type of healthcare services. The main purpose of this article is to use Data Envelopment Analysis and the Malmquist Index to assess the impact that the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 had on the provision of solid organ transplant services. To this purpose, we use three complementary models, each focusing on specific aspects of the organ donation and transplantation process, and data from Brazil, which has one of the most extensive public organ transplant programs in the world. Using data from 17 States plus the Federal District, the results of our analysis show a significant drop in the performance of the services in terms of the organ donation and transplantation process from 2018 to 2020, but the results also indicate that not all aspects of the process and States were equally affected. Furthermore, by using different models, this research also allows us to gain a more comprehensive and informative assessment of the performance of the States in delivering this type of service and identify opportunities for reciprocal learning, expanding our knowledge on this important issue and offering opportunities for further research.

To assist piano learners with the improvement of their skills, this study investigates techniques for automatically assessing piano performances based on timbre and pitch features. The assessment is formulated as a classification problem that classifies piano performances as “Good”, “Fair”, or “Poor”. For timbre-based approaches, we propose timbre-based WaveNet, timbre-based MLNet, Timbre-based CNN, and Timbre-based CNN Transformers. For pitch-based approaches, we propose Pitch-based CNN and Pitch-based CNN Transformers. Our experiments indicate that both Pitch-based CNN and Pitch-based CNN Transformers are superior to the timbre-based approaches, which attained classification accuracies of 96.87% and 97.5%, respectively.

Interpreting accuracy is one of the most commonly used indicators of cognitive demands in experimental interpreting studies. One possibility to assess interpreting performance is to analyse interpreting accuracy based on meaning units. The methodological approaches used thus far, however, have some drawbacks: (a) they are limited to an assessment of sense consistency with no indication of the logical cohesion of the rendition, (b) they do not take into account the difference between unintended and strategic omissions or, more generally, the prioritization of source speech information as an interpreting strategy, and (c) they do not allow for the observation of fluctuations of cognitive load or effects of fatigue. In this article, we will present a refined approach to unit-based accuracy analysis that may contribute to solving the issues mentioned above. The new method will be illustrated by means of an example data set from a larger project consisting of the renditions of ten professional and ten student interpreters. It will also include relevant statistical analyses.

This research paper fills a literature gap by tapping into Europe’s Just Transition to green energy production and consumption models and introduces empirically derived trends. The mix of analysed variables was targeted at sustainable energy transformation models according to complementary economic research areas. Based on the clustered heat maps method, double dendrograms were constructed to identify socioeconomic and environmental patterns that characterize highly economic-efficient and sustainable transition patterns from the standard energy production and consumption model to the environmental-friendly and cost-efficient model in the European area. Results show that Austria, Denmark, Norway, Ireland, and Luxembourg followed the patterns of highly economically performant European countries that turned energy and resource productivity in their favour based on multiple factors: recycling, R&D, innovation, digitization. The opposite was observed in the case of many South-Eastern European countries. Robustness checks were performed based on the linear discriminant analysis methodology and results confirmed that Northern European countries lead the change to a more sustainable future. In this context, this research brings empirical results for decision-makers and aims to facilitate a better understanding for adapting policies according to national needs, as well as to the patterns of success identified in the case of European leaders. First published online 15 June 2022

Public support for stringent climate policies is currently weak. We develop a model to study the dynamics of public support for climate policies. It comprises three interconnected modules: one calculates policy impacts; a second translates these into policy support mediated by social influence; and a third represents the regulator adapting policy stringency depending on public support. The model combines general-equilibrium and agent-based elements and is empirically grounded in a household survey, which allows quantifying policy support as a function of effectiveness, personal wellbeing and distributional effects. We apply our approach to compare two policy instruments, namely carbon taxation and performance standards, and identify intertemporal trajectories that meet the climate target and count on sufficient public support. Our results highlight the importance of social influence, opinion stability and income inequality for public support of climate policies. Our model predicts that carbon taxation consistently generates more public support than standards. Finally, we show that under moderate social influence and income inequality, an increasing carbon tax trajectory combined with progressive revenue redistribution receives the highest average public support over time. © 2022 The Author(s) European Research Council, ERC; Robert Bosch Stiftung; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 19-18-00262; Horizon 2020: 741087 This work was supported by an ERC Advanced Grant under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [grant agreement Nr. 741087]. I.S. acknowledges support from the Russian Science Foundation [RSF grant number 19-18-00262]. TK acknowledges financial support from the Robert Bosch foundation. We have greatly benefited from comments by Joël Foramitti, Franziska Funke, Franziska Klein, Linus Mattauch, Karolina Safarzynska and Thomas Stoerk on an earlier version of the manuscript. We also thank the participants of the "Post-carbon Transition" seminar at INET Oxford, and of the EAERE 2021 conference.

In recent years, implementation of pay-for-performance (P4P) programmes in health care has become a worldwide initiative. However, most P4P programmes incorporate systems of Performance Indicators (PI) without accounting for trade-offs between indicators. This article has two objectives: (1) to develop a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology for performance assessment of primary care providers; and (2) to propose an innovative methodology for P4P contracting based on the DEA assessment results. To achieve the first objective, we modify the standard DEA model to account for the necessary relations between the weights attributed to each PI and domain of performance and to account for the effect of the relevant environmental variables. To achieve the second objective, we combine relative and absolute performance assessments in the elaboration of several bases for reward, and then we link these assessments to a system of graduated rewards. A benchmarking programme is also proposed to contribute to the dissemination of best practices. This article contributes to the literature by proposing an enhanced methodology for performance assessment of primary care providers which can form the basis for P4P rewards planning. The applicability and advantages of the proposed methodology are illustrated with data from Portugal, but it can easily be adapted to different sets of PIs or domains, making it relevant for performance assessment and for P4P reward setting in other contexts and countries. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

本研究は、保育実習指導のミニマムスタンダードVer.2に基づく保育所実習の改善を提案する。以下の3点の取り組みを行った：1）シラバスと保育実習評価対応させた、2）評価項目をパフォーマンス評価できるようにした、3）例えば「子育て支援等の記録」のような評価票に対応した新しい実習記録を作成した。, This study suggests improvement of the nursery teachers training based on The Minimum Standard Ver.2 for childcare practice. Three improvement plans were suggested:1）correspondency of syllabus and nursery teachers training evaluation were satisfied, 2）performance assessment were used as nursery teachers training evaluation, 3）new record methods such as "record about the child care support" were developed.

本研究の目的は，学校音楽教育の中で音楽表現を創意工夫する過程において，指揮表現を用いたパフォーマンス課題を導入することの有用性を検討するとともに，評価に用いるルーブリックを作成し，生徒のパフォーマンスから資質・能力を解釈する具体的な方法について提案することである。高校１年生を対象に，歌唱表現に対する表現意図を指揮で伝えるための方法について考え，実際に合唱を指揮するパフォーマンス課題を実施した。その後，サンプル集団を抽出し，複数の音楽教師が共同で作成した〈ルーブリック(案)〉を用いながら実際に評価を行い，擦り合わせを行いながらモデレーションを繰り返し，信頼性・妥当性のある評価のためのルーブリックを作成した。音楽の学習では,「知識及び技能」と「思考力，判断力，表現力等」が相互に関わり合いながら育成されていくため，指揮を用いた音楽表現のパフォーマンス評価でも，それらを一体的に評価していく必要がある。本研究で作成したルーブリックや，本研究の過程での議論が，音楽の学習における生徒の資質・能力の育成状況を的確に評価する上で有効な示唆を与えてくれるであろう。, The purpose of this study is to examine the usefulness of introducing performance tasks using conducting while creatively devising musical expressions in school music education. A further purpose is to create a rubric to be used for assessment and to propose a concrete method of interpreting qualities and abilities from performances. To examine the first year of high school, we considered a method to convey the intention of singing expression via the movement of conducting and developed a performance task to actually conduct the chorus. After that, a sample group was extracted, via performance was assessed using a rubric created by multiple music teachers, and moderation was repeated to make adjustments and create an assessment tool with reliability and validity. In learning music, “knowledge and skills” and “thinking ability, judgment ability, expressive ability, etc.” are required to be nurtured while students interact with each other. It is necessary to assess these factors in an integrated manner. The rubric and discussions developed during this study should provide useful suggestions for accurately assessing the developmental status of students’ qualities and abilities in music learning.

静岡大学大学院教育学研究科

Corner joints are critical points of wooden structures not only in furniture construction but also in traditional wooden architecture, especially in constructions without nails. This study was performed to determine the effects of particular factors such as the axis of assembly, types of material, and adhesive on the tensile performance of various modern and traditional types of wooden corner joints. For this purpose, various corner joint specimens were prepared with three different wooden materials: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) wood, Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra Lipsky) wood, and Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) using two different adhesives: polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polyurethane (Desmodur-VTKA) glues; and five different wooden joint types: dowel, tongue-and-groove, half-blind dovetail, screw, and eccentric screw joints. Tensile performance tests, vertical and parallel to the axis of assembly, were carried out according to ASTM D 1037 guidelines. Experiments indicated that, while the tensile performance of MDF specimen connected with a screw and PVAc adhesive was the highest under loading parallel to the axis of assembly (4592 N); it was the lowest under loading parallel to the axis of assembly in MDF specimen connected with tongue-and-groove joint and PVAc adhesive (260 N), respectively. As a result, it may be advantageous to apply screwed joints in corners for high tensile strength in parallel to the axis of the assembly., Kutni su spojevi kritične točke drvnih konstrukcija ne samo u proizvodnji namještaja nego i u tradicionalnoj drvnoj arhitekturi, posebice u konstrukcijama bez čavala. Ovo je istraživanje provedeno kako bi se utvrdili učinci specifičnih čimbenika kao što su os montaže, vrsta materijala i vrsta ljepila na vlačna svojstva različitih modernih i tradicionalnih vrsta drvnih kutnih spojeva. Za tu su svrhu pripremljeni različiti uzorci kutnih spojeva od tri vrste drvnog materijala: od drva bijelog bora (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky), drva lombardijske topole (Populus nigra Lipsky) i od srednje guste ploče vlaknatice (MDF), uz uporabu dvaju različitih ljepila: polivinilacetatnoga (PVAc) i poliuretanskoga (Desmodur-VTKA) te uz pet različitih vrsta drvnih spojeva: moždanika, pera i utora, poluzatvorenog lastina repa, vijka i ekscentra. Ispitivanja vlačnih svojstava okomito i paralelno s osi montaže provedena su u skladu s normom ASTM D 1037. Rezultati su pokazali da su najbolja vlačna svojstva MDF uzorka spojenoga vijkom i PVAc ljepilom pod opterećenjem paralelno s osi montaže (4592 N), a najlošijima su se pokazala vlačna svojstva MDF uzorka spojenoga perom i utorom te PVAc ljepilom pod opterećenjem paralelno s osi montaže (260 N). Prema tome, primjena vijaka u kutnim spojevima može biti dobar izbor za postizanje visoke vlačne čvrstoće paralelno s osi montaže.

The reliable characterization of insulation materials in relevant environmental conditions is crucial, since it strongly influences the performance (e.g., thermal) of building elements. In fact, their properties may vary with the moisture content, temperature, ageing degradation, etc. Therefore, in this work, the thermomechanical behaviour of different materials was compared when subjected to accelerated ageing. Insulation materials that use recycled rubber in their composition were studied, along with others for comparison: heat-pressed rubber, rubber_cork composites, aerogel_rubber composite (developed by the authors), silica aerogel, and extruded polystyrene. The ageing cycles comprised dry-heat, humid-heat, and cold conditions as the stages, during cycles of 3 and 6 weeks. The materials’ properties after ageing were compared with the initial values. Aerogel-based materials showed superinsulation behaviour and good flexibility due to their very high porosity and reinforcement with fibres. Extruded polystyrene also had a low thermal conductivity but exhibited permanent deformation under compression. In general, the ageing conditions led to a very slight increase in the thermal conductivity, which vanished after drying of the samples in an oven, and to a decrease in Young’s moduli.

Earthquakes cause severe damage to human beings and financial development, and they are commonly associated with a lot of uncertainties and stochastic factors regarding their frequency, intensity and duration. Thus, how to accurately select an earthquake record and determine an earthquake’s influence on structures are important questions that deserve further investigation. In this paper, the author developed an iterative power spectral density (PSD)-based procedure for the Gaussian stochastic earthquake model with combined intensity and frequency nonstationarities. In addition, they applied this procedure to five precast concrete structures for dynamic analysis and verification. The research proved the effectiveness of the iterative procedure for matching the target response spectra and for generating the required seismic records. The application examples verified the accuracy of the seismic design for the precast concrete structures and indicated the reliable dynamic demands of the precast concrete structures under the stochastic excitation of nonstationary earthquakes. In general, the research provided a meaningful reference for further stochastic earthquake selections, and it could play an effective role in further assessments of precast structures.

PKU Muhammadiyah Karanganyar Hospital is one of several hospitals in Karanganyar Regency. With its existence among several existing hospitals, PKU Muhammadiyah Karanganyar Hospital must show maximum performance and be able to provide the best service so that it can become the public's preferred hospital. In addition to providing healthcare, hospitals are also required to always maintain their existence including all existing units to develop optimally. PKU Muhammadiyah Karanganyar Hospital utilizes a performance measurement system using the balance scorecard method in order to improve hospital performance sustainably so that it can provide services needed by the publicquickly, effectively, integrated and professionally. The perspectives used in this research include 4 perspectives, namely customers, learning and growth, internal business processes and finance. From these four perspectives, it is then developed into performance indicators that can be measured to determine the level of achievement of hospital performance. With the Minister of Health Regulation (PMK) number 24 of 2022 concerning Medical Records, healthcare facilities are required to implement a patient medical history recording system electronically. The transition process will be carried out no later than December 31, 2023. The implementation of electronic medical records is highly dependent on the ability and readiness of the information technology unit so it is deemed necessary to evaluate the performance of the information technology unit to be able to determine the extent of the capability and readiness of the information technology unit to implement electronic medical records, {"references":["Kaplan,R.S dan David P. Norton .2000, Balance Scorecard: Menerapkan Strategi Menjadi Aksi, Terjemahan : Pasla Yosi Peter R, Penerbbit Erlangga, Jakarta","Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan (PMK) nomor 24 tahun 2022 tentang Rekam Medis","Yuwono, Sony, Sukarno, Edy dan Ichsan, Muhammad, 2007. Petunjuk Praktis Penyusunan Balance Scorecard Menuju Organisasi yang Berfokus Pada Strategi, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama,Jakarta"]}

The combination of measuring performance and giving feedback creates tension between formative and summative purposes of progress evaluations and can be challenging for supervisors. There are conflicting perspectives and evidence on the effects supervisor-trainee relationships have on assessing performance. The aim of this study was to learn how progress evaluations are used in postgraduate education with longitudinal supervisor-trainee relationships. Progress evaluations in a two-year community-pharmacy specialization program were studied with a mixed-method approach. An adapted version of the Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists (CanMEDS) framework was used. Validity of the performance evaluation scores of 342 trainees was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Semi-structured interviews were held with fifteen supervisors to investigate their response processes, the utility of the progress evaluations, and the influence of supervisor-trainee relationships. Time and CanMEDS roles affected the three-monthly progress evaluation scores. Interviews revealed that supervisors varied in their response processes. They were more committed to stimulating development than to scoring actual performance. Progress evaluations were utilized to discuss and give feedback on trainee development and to add structure to the learning process. A positive supervisor-trainee relationship was seen as the foundation for feedback and supervisors preferred the roles of educator, mentor, and coach over the role of assessor. We found that progress evaluations are a good method for directing feedback in longitudinal supervisor-trainee relationships. The reliability of scoring performance was low. We recommend progress evaluations to be independent of formal assessments in order to minimize roles-conflicts of supervisors.

This paper presents the performance evaluation of a wireless sensor mesh network, for monitoring temperature and humidity in horticultural products when transported in truck galleys. For this purpose a software solution was proposed using ESP8266 devices powered by batteries. The mesh network was managed by the painlessMesh library. The proposed solution aims to minimize the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. The validation of the solution was performed in an area simulating a galley of a truck, where five sensor nodes and a root node were distributed. The tests were developed considering four different models involving variations in messages delivery confirmation, number of attempts until successful delivery and duty cycle duration of the nodes. The performance evaluation of the solution aimed to determine, connectivity rate, sending rate after connection and delivery rates of the first and second attempts. The results obtained show that the message delivery confirmation does not bring added value to the solution, contributing only to increase energy consumption. The use of synchronous duty cycles also showed worse results than the asynchronous use. These results allow the creation of a knowledge base for the use of this solution in a real context.

Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Fire departments’ performance assessment (FDPA) is an important task for fire protection service (FPS) authorities to evaluate fire departments’ (FDs) efficiencies, identify the efficient FDs, and identify areas for improvement of the inefficient units. Therefore, many countries all around the world conducted FDPA research and published its results. Although Portugal is a country with many old cities and buildings, to the best of our knowledge, no FDPA study has been conducted. Hence, the objective of this paper is to conduct a FDPA on Portuguese (PT) FDs using the general FDPA framework and slack-based data envelopment analysis. The results of analyzing the 376 PT-FDs’ data in 2020 showed that only 22 out of 376 FDs were efficient; in addition, in most districts in Portugal, less than 10% of FDs were efficient, and a high percentage of FDs had less than 50% efficiency. Further details and findings are discussed, and some recommendations are provided throughout the paper. The paper’s findings could help the FPS decision maker have a better view of the FDs’ performances and take corrective actions to improve efficiencies. It can also help the FDPA evaluator to have a better understanding of how a FDPA can be conducted and discussed. publishersversion published

Projekte werden in allen Bereichen der Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft, öffentlichen Verwaltung und auch Vereinen durchgeführt. Als temporäre Organisation sind diese besonders wichtig, um durch interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit einmalige Vorhaben umzusetzen. Projektleitende Personen müssen dabei neben fachlichen und methodischen Qualifikationen auch fachlich unabhängige Kompetenzen mitbringen. Auch das Bildungswesen ist sich dieser Bedeutung bewusst und hat Projektmanagement in einer Vielzahl an Lehrplänen integriert und die Lehrziele häufig kompetenzorientiert formuliert. Durch die Neuorientierung an Kompetenzen stoßen traditionelle Formen der Leistungsbeurteilung jedoch an ihre Grenzen, wodurch neue Konzepte der Leistungsbeurteilung notwendig werden. Diese Diplomarbeit untersucht die Fragestellung, welche Option(en) es gibt, Leistungen im schulischen Lernbereich "Projektmanagement" kompetenzorientiert und rechtskonform zu beurteilen. Es werden Optionen diskutiert und eine Handlungsempfehlung vorgestellt, die ebenso diskutiert und kritisch betrachtet wird. Projects are conducted in every field of the economy, science, public administration, and even clubs. As temporary organisation, projects are extraordinary important to realise unique plans with interdisciplinary teams. Therefore, project leaders must be not only technically and methodically skilled, but also interdisciplinary competences play an important role. The educational system has taken notice of this fact and has integrated the learning field 'project management' in many curricula by phrasing the educational objectives more and more competence-oriented. Due to this new orientation towards competencies, traditional forms of performance assessment and grading get inappropriate. Therefore, new forms of performance assessment and grading are needed. This thesis highlights options of competence-based performance assessment and grading and concludes with a recommended course of action which is discussed critically. eingereicht von Alexander Huber Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Diplomarbeit Universität Linz 2023

The masonry infill walls are often used in the envelopes of reinforced concrete buildings for different purposes, but a large part of them was built before the enforcement of modern seismic and/or energy codes. Due to that, the envelope of the reinforced concrete buildings is responsible for the energy consumption needed for indoor heating and cooling. At the same time, recent earthquakes proved that the infill walls located at the envelope are quite vulnerable under OOP seismic loadings resulting in extensive damage or collapse. The existing standards only provide slight provisions for designing new infill walls and do not combine their energy and seismic performance. Based on that, this research work aims to present a novel holistic performance assessment approach for masonry infill walls. This novel approach aims to classify each wall according to its seismic plus energy performance, allowing to identify which type of retrofitting is needed. A global overview of the international standards concerning the seismic design and assessment of masonry infill walls is performed. Also, the maximum and recommended U-values for external walls indicated by the national code of each European Union country are compared. After that, the new performance assessment methodology is presented and discussed. Finally, a pilot application is performed by carrying out the performance assessment of the infill walls of three buildings (with different numbers of storeys) located in different seismic-climate zones in Portugal. Several types of walls are studied according to their retrofitting type, i.e. non-retrofitted or with independent energy or seismic retrofitting or with combined seismic plus energy retrofitting. It was found that this performance assessment methodology provides important information to support future wall retrofitting. Combined seismic plus energy retrofitting is often needed in the different seismic-climate zones of the Portuguese territory. published

Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Virtual reality (VR) have attracted growing attention within the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in recent years. Integration of BIM and VR technology can develop workflow efficiency through enhanced common understanding and prepare students in architecture and engineering programs to become leaders of the AEC industry. However, the current shortage of AEC professionals trained in BIM and VR is still a barrier to collaborative working practice in this industry. This paper reviews previous work on the BIM, VR, and BIM-into-VR in AEC education/training to bridge this gap. It also presents an advanced framework to clarify creating and using the BIM model into VR workflow in the AEC industry through the integrated definition function (IDEF0) model. The authors further evaluated the BIM-into-VR applications in literature and real-life by surveying students’ learning performance in terms of eight characteristics relevant to the VR environment and students’ performance within two projects, one involving the “NASA Mars Habitat Project” and the other involving the “Norris Center Project” at Northwestern University. The results confirmed that BIM-into-VR usability and efficiency in improving students’ main learning performance characteristics: Learnability, Interoperability, Visualization, Real-world, Interaction, Creativity, Motivation, and Comfort. This study addresses the advantages of using BIM-into-VR in AEC programs. It also offers suggestions to AEC educators and students in implementing BIM-into-VR in different courses and creating a roadmap for their future as professionals in the AEC industry.

In modern urban areas, water management highly depends on the socio-ecological urban water cycle (UWC) that heavily relies on water infrastructures. However, increasing water-related hazards, natural and/or human-based, makes it difficult to balance water resources in the socio-ecological UWC. In the last decade, urban infrastructure resilience has rapidly become a popular topic in disaster risk management and inspired many studies and operational approaches. Among these theories and methods, the “Behind the Barriers” model (BB model), developed by Barroca and Serre in 2013, is considered a theory that allows effective and comprehensive analysis of urban infrastructure resilience through cognitive, functional, correlative, and organisational dimensions. Moreover, this analysis can be a reference to develop actions that improve infrastructure resilience under critical scenarios. Therefore, this study aims to study resilience design actions based on the BB model to achieve socio-ecological water balance and assess the performance of these actions. The study focuses on water management on a neighbourhood scale, which is considered the essential urban unit to study and improve the resilience of critical infrastructures, such as water services. The Part-Dieu neighbourhood in Lyon, France is selected as a case study, and it highlights the need to develop indicators to assess the performance of implemented actions in a structural and global resilience framework, to understand urban systems as complex and dynamic systems to provide decision support, and to strengthen crisis prevention and management perspectives in a dynamic approach.

Die Frage nach den „besten“ Methoden zur Leitungsfeststellung von (angehenden) Lehrkräfte ist eine zentrale Frage. Messinstrumente, die Kompetenz nahe am tatsächlichen beruflichen Handeln von Lehrkräften messen, gewinnen zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit in der Lehrkräftebildung und -forschung. Während traditionelle ,analytische‘ Ansätze meist individuelle Einflussfaktoren (z.B. professionelles Wissen, motivationale-affektive Aspekte) prüfen, ist dieser Ansatz holistisch und zielt auf eine Prüfung von beruflicher Handlungskompetenz ab (Kaiser et al., 2017). Beispielsweise unterscheidet Lindmeier (2011) zwischen aktionsbezogener (AC; spontane, unmittelbare Anforderungen im Unterrichtsgeschehen) und reflexiver (RC; Anforderungen der Unterrichtsvor-/Nachbereitung) Kompetenz. Infolge der Konzeptualisierung, die jeweils speziell auf die Bewältigung bestimmter beruflicher Anforderungen zugeschnitten sind, wurden Bewertungsmethoden entwickelt, die sich auf diese beruflichen Anforderungen konzentrieren (Lindmeier, 2011; Shavelson, 2010). Die sogenannten Performance Assessments (PA) bewerten die Kompetenz nahe an der Leistung (Performanz) innerhalb von komplexitätsreduzierten, situierten Settings. Typisch sind beispielsweise Simulationen in denen Schüler*innenfehler diagnostiziert werden (Kron et al., 2021) oder es werden direkte Erklärungen (unter Zeitdruck) zu einer Schüler*innenfrage (Videovignette) gefordert (Jeschke et al., 2021).

Individuals are expected to use technology competently and in a self-regulated way in everyday life (e.g., Lindqvist et al., 2018) but are rarely instructed on how to use devices appropriately. Accordingly, dealing with home automation and appliances requires skills in technical problem solving (TPS). Research on adults’ behavior in TPS situations requires an appropriate measure of TPS skill. We aim at (1) developing a test of TPS that assesses performance in tasks where individuals need to apply knowledge and (2) validating the interpretation of the resulting test score in terms of technical problem solving skill. Our research questions concern psychometric properties of the developed test and items, effects of device and item characteristics on item success, and effects of individual characteristics, especially behaviors of knowledge acquisition using system exploration and operating manuals. For this purpose, we used and refined a simulation-based computer test by Stemmann (2016). We used a total of nine device simulations, creating so-called TPS units. Each TPS unit includes a knowledge acquisition phase that individuals may use to familiarize themselves with a device as well as a knowledge application phase that requests individuals to solve four test items. The devices between TPS units differ in their degree of complexity (the number of states and variables that describes the device) and intransparency (the extent of device states, device variables, and their interconnections that are, in parts temporally, unseen; Stemmann, 2016). The items of the knowledge application phase differ in the number of actions necessary to solve the task correctly. Additional questionnaire items concerning prior knowledge about a device and metacognitive accuracy of one’s own capability to solve technical problems are also part of each TPS unit. Planned analyses involve the application of models of item response theory (research question 1 on psychometric properties) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs; research questions 2 and 3 on effects of device, item, and individual characteristics on item success).

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы — «Разработка сервиса сбора Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð°Ñ‚Ñ‚ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¸ студентов. Разработка авторизации приложения». Задачей работы по разработке Авторизации веб-приложения, документооборота,при этом позволив всем преподавателям своевременно предоставлять данные для отчетности в полном обьеме и не зависимо от места в котором человек на Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ‚ÑÑ. Анализ предметной области, текущем рынке решений дал возможность выбрать оптимально Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð´ÑÑ‰Ð¸Ð¹ формат приложения дле этого приложения Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ продумать систему Авторизации, для нормальной работы бизнесс логики и разграничения прав пользователей, за счет Авторизации могут добавляться бизнес функционал, ограничиваться или расширяться доступ к новым разделам или возможности . Так же за счет Авторизации закрывает возможность кражи Ð½ÐµÑ€Ð°Ð·Ñ€Ð°ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ и информацию ÑÐ¾Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑƒÑŽ\загруженную в прилоежении. В процессе Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð° работы, разрабатывалось клиент-серверное приложение, с нужным функционаклом,в разработке были использованы следующие Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸: Java , Spring Boot , база Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ , PostgreSQL, Docker ,Hibernate и фреймворк шаблон - Thymeleaf,Gradle. Как дополнительные инструменты разработки - IDE - IntelliJ IDEA и Postman., The theme of the final qualification work is “Development of a service for collectingstudent assessment data. Development of application authorization.The task of working on the development of Authorization web application,workflow, while allowing all teachers to timelyprovide data for reporting in full and regardless of locationin which the person is.Analysis of the subject area, the current market of solutions made it possible to chooseoptimally suited application formatfor this application, it is necessary to think over the Authorization system, fornormal operation of business logic and differentiation of user rights,due to Authorization, business functionality can be added, limited orexpand access to new sections or opportunities.Also, due to Authorization, it closes the possibility of stealing unauthorizeduser data and information saved/loaded inapplication.In the course of the work, a client-server application was developed,with the desired functionality, the following were used in the developmenttechnologies: Java, Spring Boot, database, PostgreSQL, Docker, Hibernate andframework template - Thymeleaf, Gradle.As additional development tools - IDE - IntelliJ IDEA and Postman.

International audience; This study highlights the impact of innovation on the market orientation and performance of a cooperative for the valorization of prickly pear co-products in Algeria. While the collective entrepreneurship outcomes have been widely discussed, it has been much less so for innovative cooperatives. In this paper, we focus on the performance of this model of entrepreneurship based on the reappropriation of technical innovations. In this sense, our analysis seeks to extend previous empirical research on the performance of agricultural cooperatives by introducing market orientation and a more comprehensive assessment of the socioeconomic performance of innovative cooperatives like Nopaltec. Our results on « alternatives » performances – role in collective appropriation and dissemination of innovation, sector structuration, socio-political and territorial functions of the cooperative – argue for a broader conception of the performances of agricultural cooperative structures.; Cette étude met en lumière l’impact de l’innovation sur l’orientation-marché et les performances d’une coopérative de valorisation des coproduits du figuier de barbarie en Algérie. Alors que la question des performances de l’entreprenariat collectif a été largement débattue, elle l’a été beaucoup moins pour des coopératives innovantes. Dans ce travail, nous mettons l’accent sur les performances de ce modèle d’entreprenariat fondé sur la réappropriation d’innovations techniques. Dans ce sens, notre analyse cherche à étendre la recherche empirique antérieure sur les performances des coopératives agricoles en introduisant l’orientation vers le marché et une évaluation plus globale des performances socioéconomiques des coopératives innovantes comme Nopaltec. Nos résultats portant sur les « autres » performances – rôle dans l’appropriation collective et la diffusion de l’innovation, structuration de la filière, fonctions socio-politique et territoriale de la coopérative – plaident pour une lecture élargie des performances des structures coopératives agricoles.

Building Integrated Photovoltaic systems can produce a significant portion of the energy demand of urban areas. Despite their potential, they remain a niche technology that architects and project engineers still find esthetically limited. The dark blue or black color of standard photovoltaic panels is considered inappropriate for restoration projects of historic buildings and represents a major constraint on the development of new projects. This work will provide insight into how the use of optic filters can offer new pathways for architectural acceptance of photovoltaic panels. Optic filters selectively reflect or transmit light by interference and can be designed and fabricated using cost-effective and industrially compatible processes. By using in-house developed ray tracing software coupled with TCAD Sentaurus, more than 400 colors were obtained, and their impact on the opto-electrical performance of interdigitated back-contacted solar cells was studied. Results show a maximum efficiency loss of 1.6% absolute at the perpendicular incidence of light on the range of obtained colors when compared with a standard dark blue solar cell. Simulations for different angles of incidence showed that the current reduction on the standard device could be modeled using a cosine relationship. The colored cells, however, deviated significantly from this relationship. We propose that the angular behavior of any cell (colored or standard) could be simulated by modifying the effective irradiance with scaling factors equal to the ratios of the photogenerated current at any angle with respect to the value at normal incidence. We demonstrate that this approach accurately models the effect of the color filter and allows for an easy transition from a bare cell to an encapsulated one. Due to the spectral effect of the filter, we developed both a spectrally resolved optical model and a two-dimensional finite volume transient thermal model. In case of the optical model, we demonstrate an accuracy in the prediction of the reflectance produced by the color with values of mean bias error (MBE) between 2.0% and 3.9%. As for the thermal model, it was validated by first analyzing a standard model under conditions of nominal operating cell temperature and then comparing its results with published scientific literature. Later, we compare its prediction against 2 weeks of measurements. In both cases the thermal model proves an adequate accuracy, yielding differences below 1.5°C with respect to other scientific works and an MBE value of 0.89°C as well as a root-mean-square error value of 2.10°C for the entire measurement period. With the validated models, we studied the effect of the encapsulation on the color perception. We present two options of color filters. The first one produces relatively low reflectance losses and presents relative annual direct current (DC) energy losses of up to 6.4% for Delft, in the Netherlands, and up to 5.9% for Alice Springs in Australia. However, this first option has very poor color brightness. The second studied filter produces highly saturated bright colors. Improving brightness can increase the annual DC relative losses up to 13.7% and 13.5% for Delft and Alice Springs, respectively. Overall, we demonstrate that colored filters based on multilayer optical stacks are a versatile option for coloring cells that allow a good compromise between esthetics and performance.

The performance assessment of strategic levels of an integrated management system (IMS) is critical to policy making phase of executive organizations. Because, the integrity of objectives and strategies in the overall system performance insures the integrity of activities and performance in the subsidiary departments and units. Unfortunately, this approach of assessment has been rarely focused. Here, the Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping-Relative Degree Analysis (FCM-RDA) technique was chosen to assess the performance trend of the health, safety, environment, and energy (HSEE)-IMS in a ministry during 2014-2019. There were 12 HSEE-IMS strategic sub-elements and 6 system sub-performances. The Gephi0.9.2 software was applied to simulate the FCM model. Accordingly, the sub-performance of policy and leadership was placed at the first priority. The development of HSEE management, and review (of policies and programs) were two HSEE-IMS sub-elements, categorized in the second priority. The results showed an ascending trend of the system performance during 2014-2018 and a descending trend during 2018-2019. It was found that the poor performance of HSEE-IMS sub-elements in the strategic and tactical levels resulted in the poor performance of system at the operational levels. There was found a strong relationship between the HSEE-IMS sub-elements and system sub-performances.

The application of residential rooftop PV systems increased significantly in the last 10 years in many countries and became a major source of clean energy in dwellings besides traditional solar hot water technology. To optimise the performance of these green energy systems, the incorporation of PV/thermal hybrid systems is a future option for sustainable residential building designs. In this work, a novel design of PV/Thermal (PVT) hybrid panels, using heat pipe technology, is proposed with the aim of fulfilling the hot water and electricity demand of a house in Sydney. The heat pipe system is integrated into a traditional PV panel to transfer the heat stored within the PV panel material to a header that is connected to the household hot water cycle. A preliminary analysis of the test results for the proposed PVT system design under different weather conditions in Sydney is conducted, where the transient variation of the output water temperature as well as power production is investigated. The results show that the hot water temperature at the header outlet reaches around a maximum of 50 °C on a typical summer day and a minimum of 30 °C on a typical winter day. The daily heat delivered to the hot water tank is found to be in the range of 3.7–5.2 MJ per m2 of the PVT panel surface area. The results show that the energy efficiency of the adopted PVT panel design could reach more than 4 times higher than the traditional PV panel.

The use of microalgae in wastewater treatment (WWT) is seen as a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional WWTs, and the obtained biomass is gaining importance as a bio-product. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using municipal wastewater (MWW) as a nutritional supplement for the cultivation of the cyanobacteria Chroococcus turgidus (Kützing) Nägeli 1849 and the pollutant removal potential of the microalgae. The WW received from the different treatment stages (primary, secondary, and final effluent) was applied to the microalgae culture, and algal growth was compared with regard to growth rate, nutrient removal efficiency, and final algal lipid (%) and protein (%) content. In 7-day batch experiments, except for BOD5 analysis, COD, PO4-P, and N forms analyses were carried out daily in parallel with in vivo Chl-a and Chl-b, DO, pH, temperature, and conductivity measurements. The growth rates and Chl-a quotas of the microalgae grown in trials were different, and the highest growth rate was with a 1.03 ± 0.06 d?1 in the primary effluent (PE). The highest Chl-a and Chl-b quotas among WW trials of microalgae were obtained from the PE trial as 252.4 ± 2 µg L?1 and 112 ± 18 µgL?1, respectively. NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, PO4-P, BOD5, and COD treatment efficiencies were in the ranges of (74.6–83%), (16–71.2%), (22.2–63.6%), (89–95.3%), (50–76.2%), and (70.3–78.6%), respectively. The microalgae were observed to accumulate the highest lipid (28.05 ± 2.26%DW) content in secondary effluent (SE), the highest carbohydrate (43.93 ± 1.02%DW) content in the effluent (E), and the highest protein content (35.25 ± 1.22%DW) in the PE. The results of this study suggested that C. turgidus is a new candidate for bioremediate pollution load of MWW, and its biomass has the potential to offer options in bio-product applications. © 2022 by the authors., Ege Üniversitesi, This research was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Funds (SRP), SRP No:14-SUF-030-Türkiye.

Assessing complex skills such as writing, designing, or problem-solving is a challenge. Comparative judgement is considered to be a reliable and valid method for assessing student work (e.g., Lesterhuis et al., 2018; Verhavert et al., 2019). In comparative judgement, students’ work is evaluated by pairwise comparison. As assessors only must indicate which piece of work is better, differences in severity are not at play (Pollitt, 2012). Furthermore, each work is compared with several others and evaluated by multiple assessors. Based on these comparisons, the quality of each individual work can be estimated. This quality score reflects, so to speak, the shared consensus of the assessors (Jones et al., 2015; van Daal et al., 2019). The comparative judgement approach is based on Thurstone’s law of comparative judgement (1927), which states that it is possible to discriminate between objects on a single scale through a series of pairwise comparisons (Thurstone, 1927). Even though Thurstone already proposed the possibility of using comparative judgement for assessment in education, it was not until 2004 that Pollitt introduced the method in education in his paper “Let’s stop marking exams”. His work convincingly explained the merits of comparative assessment in terms of validity and provided the first evidence for a reliable summative assessment. Now, almost two decades later, various comparative judgement tools are available for education, such as Comproved or NoMoreMarking. Moreover, researchers around the world have investigated the quality of the method, where and/or how it can be applied, and how the method can be improved. In this Research Topic, we aim to provide a state-of-the-art of research on comparative judgement in education. We bring together current insights on the validity, reliability and efficiency of the method. In their contributions to this Research Topic, the authors present recent empirical research, each with their own approach, perspective and research focus. In this way, this Research Topic offers the foundation for future research into comparative judgement.

Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is vital for water resources development, planning and management, particularly in the present global warming context. A large number of empirical ET models have been developed for estimating ET. The main limitations of this method are that it requires several meteorological variables and an extensive data span to comprehend the ET pattern accurately, which is not available in most developing countries. The efficiency of 30 empirical ET models has been evaluated in this study to rank them for Pakistan to facilitate the selection of suitable models according to the availability of data. Princeton Global Meteorological Forcing daily climate data with a 0.25°×0.25° resolution for 1948–2016 was utilized. The ET estimated using Penman-Monteith (PM) was considered as the reference. Multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) was used for the ranking of the models for Pakistan. The results showed the temperature-based Hamon as the best model for most Pakistan, followed by Hargreaves-Samani and Penman models. Hamon also showed the best performance in terms of different statistical metrics used in the study with a mean bias (PBias) of -50.2%, mean error (ME) of -1.62 mm and correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.65. Ivan showed the best performance among the humidity-based models, Irmak-RS and Ritch among the radiation-based models and Penman among the mass transfer-based models. Northern Pakistan was the most heterogeneous region in the relative performance of different ET models.

PURPOSE: To review the evidence on the relative prognostic performance of the available prognostic scores for survival in spinal metastatic surgery in order to provide a recommendation for use in clinical practice. METHODS: A systematic review of comparative external validation studies assessing the performance of prognostic scores for survival in independent cohorts was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Eligible studies were identified through Medline and Embase until May 2021. Studies were included when they compared at least four survival scoring systems in surgical or mixed cohorts across all primary tumor types. Predictive performance was assessed based on discrimination and calibration for 3-month, 1-year and overall survival, and generalizability was assessed based on the characteristics of the development cohort and external validation cohorts. Risk of bias and concern regarding applicability were assessed based on the 'Prediction model study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool' (PROBAST). RESULTS: Twelve studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and covered 17 scoring systems across 5.130 patients. Several scores suffer from suboptimal development and validation. The SORG Nomogram, developed in a large surgical cohort, showed good discrimination on 3-month and 1-year survival, good calibration and was superior in direct comparison with low risk of bias and low concern regarding applicability. Machine learning algorithms are promising as they perform equally well in direct comparison. Tokuhashi, Tomita and other traditional risk scores showed suboptimal performance. CONCLUSION: The SORG Nomogram and machine learning algorithms outline superior performance in survival prediction for surgery in spinal metastases. Further improvement by comparative validation in large multicenter, prospective cohorts can still be obtained. Given the heterogeneity of spinal metastases, superior methodology of development and validation is key in improving future machine learning systems. ispartof: EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL vol:30 issue:10 pages:2800-2824 ispartof: location:Germany status: published

Background Patient‐centredness has been targeted by the Italian government as a key theme for the future development of health services. Objective Measuring patient‐centred health services in partnership with citizens, health professionals and decision makers. Design National participatory survey in a large test set of hospitals at national level. Setting and participants A total of 387 hospital visits conducted in 16 Italian regions by over 1,500 citizens and health professionals during 2017‐2018. Main variables and outcome measures An ad hoc checklist was used to assess person‐centredness in hospital care through 243 items, grouped in 4 main areas, 12 sub‐areas and 29 person‐centred criteria (scored 0‐10). GEE linear multivariate regression was used to explore the relation between hospital characteristics and person‐centredness. Results Person‐centred scores were moderately high, with substantial variation overall (median score: 7.0, range: 3.2‐9.5) and by area (Care Processes: 6.8, 2.0‐9.8; Access: 7.4, 2.7‐9.7; Transparency: 6.7, 3.4‐9.5 and Relationship: 7.3, 0.8‐10.0). Multivariate regression found higher scores for increasing volumes of activity (quartile increase: +0.21; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.29) and lower scores in the south and islands (−1.03; −1.62,‐0.45). Discussion The checklist has been applied successfully by over 1,500 collaborators who assessed hospitals in 16 distinct Regions and Autonomous Provinces of Italy. Despite an overall positive mark, all scores were highly variable by location and hospital characteristics. Conclusion and patient or public contribution A national participatory programme to improve patient‐centredness in Italian hospitals highlighted critical areas with the direct input of citizens.

This paper reports a study investigating business English teachers’ belief about online assessment using Q methodology. To address the common practice that teachers had to conduct online assessment during COVID-19 period and with performance assessment as theoretical foundation, this paper studied 22 Chinese business English teachers’ belief when they had to do assessment in online context. With data analysis from Q-methodology and complementary interviews, the findings of this study showed a shared configuration among the business English teachers in three factors: strong belief in performance assessment for business English courses; belief in supportive role of ICT; and belief in assessment as an ongoing process. The three factors were further interpreted from systematic approach of assessment and the role of ICT in online teaching. This study will be of significance to help teachers improve the quality of online assessment and raise their awareness of effective use ICT in online teaching.

This article is devoted to the issues of assessing the effectiveness of information systems for enterprises engaged in retail trade in consumer goods. This article describes the tasks that the retail FMCG trade, as well as the functions of the retail trade, solve. The features of the subject area were considered, which will form the basis for the formation of scales for assessing the effectiveness of information systems. The priorities, tasks, and features of the business model of enterprises engaged in retail trade in consumer goods, depending on the market segment they occupy. Various types of corporate information systems that can be used in retail trade are considered. The analysis of the subject area made it possible not on ly to determine important metrics for assessing the effectiveness of information systems but also to determine the priority of the requirements for the availability of certain functionality in the information system from each business segment, large, medium and small. Also, the existing standards in the subject areas of software development and enterprise organization were considered. This article proposes a methodology for evaluating information systems for enterprises engaged in consumer goods retail trade that belong to different market segments. The proposed methodology is based on the approach of multi-criteria expert assessment. An example of linguistic variables for one of the questions of the questionnaire for experts is given. The order of operation of the expert system is also presented in the form of an activity diagram. The developed expert information system can be monetized by providing referral links to the products of companies supplying information systems for retail. In the future, it is planned to add the ability for qualified experts to select combination of metrics for assessment, as well as change the assessment scale to increase accuracy. Дана стаття присвячена питанням оцінки ефективності інформаційних систем для підприємств, що займаються роздрібною торгівлею товарами масового попиту. В даній статті наведені завдання, які вирішує роздрібна торгівля товарами масового попиту, а також функції роздрібної торгівлі. Були розглянуті особливості предметної області, які ляжуть в основу формування шкал оцінювання ефективності інформаційних систем. Також виділені пріоритети, завдання та особливості бізнес-моделі підприємств, що займаються роздрібною торгівлею товарами масового попиту в залежності від займаного ними сегмента ринку. Розглянуто різні типи корпоративних інформаційних систем, які можуть використовуватися в роздрібній торгівлі. Аналіз предметної області дозволив не тільки визначити важливі метрики для оцінки ефективності інформаційних систем, а й визначити пріоритет вимог щодо наявності певного функціоналу у інформаційної системи від кожного сегмента бізнесу - великого, середнього і малого. Також були розглянуті існуючі стандарти в предметних областях розробки програмного забезпечення та організації підприємства. У даній статті запропонована методика оцінки інформаційних систем для підприємств, що займаються роздрібною торгівлею товарами масового попиту, які належать до різних сегментів ринку. В основу пропонованої методики покладено підхід багатокритеріального експертного оцінювання. Наведено приклад лінгвістичних змінних по одному з питань анкети для експертів. Порядок роботи експертної системи також представлений у вигляді діаграми діяльності. Розроблена експертна інформаційна система може бути монетизована шляхом надання реферальних посилань на продукти компаній-постачальників інформаційних систем для роздрібної торгівлі. Надалі планується додавання можливості для кваліфікованих експертів здійснювати підбір комбінації метрик для оцінювання, а також змінювати шкалу оцінки для збільшення точності.

The Italian Space Agency (ASI)'s PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) hyperspectral remote sensing (HSR) satellite was launched on 22 March 2019. This spectral imaging sensor, with 238 bands across the 400-2500 nm range and 30-m spatial resolution, can advance remote-sensing studies for vast applications worldwide. The present study evaluates the capability of the sensor's L1 (Top-of the- atmosphere TOA radiance) and L2D (reflectance) products for mapping minerals and geology in Makhtesh Ramon (MR), a national park in southern Israel that covers approximately 200 km2. The exceptional geological features in this area, with hardly any vegetation and mostly clear skies year-round, make it an ideal site for remote-sensing studies in general and HSR studies in particular. The quality of the PRISMA sensor's technical and thematic performance was assessed by examining its radiometry and spectral products against a highly calibrated airborne HSR sensor (AisaFENIX 1K; 420 spectral bands, range 375-2500 nm, 1.5-m spatial resolution). Airborne and field data acquisition captured the entire MR area, followed by comprehensive fieldwork with a portable ASD FieldSpec spectrometer (400-2500 nm spectral range). The PRISMA sensor's radiance performance was evaluated by examining the top of the atmosphere radiance product against simulated radiance using the MODTRAN® radiative transfer code. The simulated radiance used in-situ ground reflectance measurements in several locations across MR. The L1 and L2D products presented fair results with some outliers for PRISMA's L2D SWIR 2 long-wavelength region. The L2D product was further studied to map mineral occurrences and demonstrated promising results compared to MR's well-known geology and mineral distribution, and it was highly correlated to the high-spatial-resolution spectral mapping generated by the AisaFENIX 1K airborne sensor. Based on these results, we successfully mapped different types of minerals, such as iron oxides in the VNIR, gypsum in SWIR 1, and clay in SWIR 2. The PRISMA data's reflectance interference across the longer wavelengths of SWIR 2 did not permit fine mapping for carbonates, probably because of the L2D's poor performance in this spectral range. The quantitative performance of PRISMA's mineral mapping was judged relative to the quantitative products of the AisaFENIX 1K sensor for these same minerals, revealing about 80% accuracy for PRISMA's products.

Seit Jahrzehnten werden in der naturwissenschaftsdidaktischen Forschung zur Diagnostik experimenteller Fähigkeiten sogenannte Performance Assessments bzw. hands-on Experimentiertests mit praktisch zu bearbeitenden Aufgaben eingesetzt. Dabei erhält die Frage der Validität von Experimentiertests immer mehr Gewicht. Mit einem systematischen Review soll daher die Validierungspraxis von hands-on Experimentiertests analysiert werden. Dazu wird in einem ersten theoretischen Teil literaturbasiert ein Ordnungssystem für Validierungsargumentationen im Rahmen von Validierungsstudien entwickelt. In einem zweiten Teil werden die seit 1990 publizierten hands-on Experimentiertests identifiziert, von zwei unabhängigen Ratern auf Konsens kodiert, in das Ordnungssystem eingeordnet und schließlich diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen retrospektiv eine typische, auf wenige Elemente eingeschränkte Validierungspraxis. Prospektiv liefert das Review evidenzbasierte Argumente und Impulse für künftige Testentwicklungen und -validierungen. English version For decades, performance assessments using practical tasks have been used in science education research to assess experimental skills. The question of the validity of such tests is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, a systematic review will analyze the validation practice of hands-on tests. To this end, a literature-based classification system is first developed, and its retrospective and prospective functions are explained. Then, hands-on tests published since 1990 are identified, coded for consensus by two independent raters, classified into the ordering system, and finally discussed. The results show a limited, typical validation practice for hands-on tests. Based on these results, desiderata for future test validation are derived and discussed., +repphzhbib2022A

Women with breast cancer often wonder whether they should have their other breast removed as well, to prevent a potential tumor from developing there. The exact risks vary significantly per person. We used information about patients, breast cancer characteristics and treatments, and rare and common genetic variant correlated with a higher or lower risk of developing breast cancer in the other breast in large datasets to develop and validate statistical models to predict each patient’s risk of developing a tumor. We investigated whether and how these models might be clinically useful to better inform patients and physicians to tailor clinical decision making about potential strategies to prevent or early detect a tumor in the opposite breast. We discussed statistical aspects about model development and validation, and we provided frameworks about how to develop and assess prediction performance of risk prediction models using motivating examples in breast cancer.

D2.3 Application performance, accuracy and energy efficiency

This research is based on the existing phenomena that show that employees cannot work optimally in a company agency. The purpose of this study was to find out and get a study of the Effect of Performance Assessment, and Compensation on the Intention to Leave PT. Indako Traing Coy Cikampak Labuhanbatu Selatan. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a total sample of 64 respondents, while the sampling technique used in the study was saturated sampling. In this study the independent variables consisted of Performance Assessment, and Satisfaction, while the dependent variable was the Intention to Leave Employees. Testing instruments using validity and reliability tests. While the method of data analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis with t test, test f and R². The results of the study of the independent variable Performance Assessment (X1) obtained tcount (3.384)> T table (2.055), and the variable Compensation (X2) tcount (3.160)> T table (2.055). Then the Performance Assessment variable (X1) has a partial effect on the Intention to Leave variable For (Y), the Compensation variable (X2) has a partial effect on the variable Intention to Leave. The results of the F test show that F count (15,162)> F table (2.98), while the significance is 0,000.

Retail firms are the best representatives of a developed country’s economic condition because they sell many of the necessary goods used for daily consumption, including food, clothes, shoes, electric appliances, and office supplies. This study presents a novel framework to help retail practitioners achieve the following goals: (1) predict sales revenues by identifying significant economic indicators, (2) estimate stable equilibriums by capturing interactive dynamics between competing firms, and (3) derive operational efficiencies and indicate required improvements by conducting performance assessments. To verify the validity of the research, data pertaining to Walmart, Costco, and Kroger are collected. Specifically, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) is adopted in order to identify significant economic indicators. Consumer price index and regular wage are two common indicators that affect the the three firms’ sales numbers. In sales forecasting, support vector regression (SVR) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), respectively, perform the best in the training set and the testing set. Finally, the Lotka–Volterra model (LVM) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are used for competitive analysis and performance assessment. A relationship of economic mutualism has been identified between the three firms. Furthermore, research findings show that Kroger performs inefficiently, though it can expect to increase sales more than the others in stable equilibriums.

Performance measures are an important tool for assessing and comparing different medical image segmentation algorithms. Unfortunately, the current measures have their weaknesses when it comes to assessing certain edge cases. These limitations arouse when images with a very small region of interest or without a region of interest at all are assessed. As a solution for these limitations, we propose a new medical image segmentation metric: MISm. To evaluate MISm, the popular metrics in the medical image segmentation and MISm were compared using images of magnet resonance tomography from several scenarios. In order to allow application in the community and reproducibility of experimental results, we included MISm in the publicly available evaluation framework MISeval: https://github.com/frankkramer-lab/miseval/tree/master/miseval, Comment: GitHub: https://github.com/frankkramer-lab/miseval/tree/master/miseval

Purpose Navigational strategies create a scenario whereby percutaneous needle-based interventions of the liver can be guided using both pre-interventional 3D imaging datasets and dynamic interventional ultrasound (US). To score how such technologies impact the needle placement process, we performed kinematic analysis on different user groups. Methods Using a custom biopsy phantom, three consecutive exercises were performed by both novices and experts (n = 26). The exercise came in three options: (1) US-guidance, (2) US-guidance with pre-interventional image-registration (US + Reg) and (3) US-guidance with pre-interventional image-registration and needle-navigation (US + Reg + Nav). The traveled paths of the needle were digitized in 3D. Using custom software algorithms, kinematic metrics were extracted and related to dexterity, decision making indices to obtain overall performance scores (PS). Results Kinematic analysis helped quantifying the visual assessment of the needle trajectories. Compared to US-guidance, novices yielded most improvements using Reg (PSavg(US) = 0.43 vs. PSavg(US+Reg) = 0.57 vs. PSavg(US+Reg+Nav) = 0.51). Interestingly, the expert group yielded a reversed trend (PSavg(US) = 0.71 vs PSavg(US+Reg) = 0.58 vs PSavg(US+Reg+Nav) = 0.59). Conclusion Digitizing the movement trajectory allowed us to objectively assess the impact of needle-navigation strategies on percutaneous procedures. In particular, our findings suggest that these advanced technologies have a positive impact on the kinematics derived performance of novices.