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• Papulopustular lesions on the palms and/or soles in the first month of life likely represent a self-limited inflammatory process such as eosinophilic pustular folliculitis or infantile acropustulosis – but scabies should be ruled out. • Neonatal acne (aka cephalic pustulosis) is typically multifactorial and self-limited. Treatment is not necessary but topical agents aimed at reduction of the commensal yeast Malassezia can be beneficial. • Evidence suggests that early use of emollients in infants at risk of developing atopic dermatitis may prevent later disease. • Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is generally benign and self-limited but when extensive can cause hypercalcemia.

Scabies is a common parasitic disease in many mammalian species, caused by the infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei. There is no consistent conclusion on whether Sarcoptes mites from different hosts or geographic locations have apparent genetic divergence. In this study, we collected and morphologically identified S. scabiei from Chinese serow and goral, and we described the genetic diversity of S. scabiei and other mites based on phylogenetic analyses of the ITS2 and cox1 sequence fragments, including data available in GenBank. The mites isolated from Chinese serow and goral were S. scabiei, and they were morphologically similar. The phylogenetic trees and haplotype networks showed that S. scabiei from other locations worldwide did not cluster according to host divergence or geographical distribution. Additionally, the Fst values were - 0.224 to 0.136 and - 0.045 to 1 between S. scabiei from different hosts, including humans and domestic and wild animals, based on partial ITS and cox1 sequences. Worldwide S. scabiei samples formed three clusters (with H2, H5, and H12 at their centers) in the ITS and one cluster (with C9 at the center) in the cox1 haplotype phylogenetic network. The S. scabiei collected from Chinese serow and goral were morphologically similar and had the same genotype. A study on the genetic characteristics of S. scabiei from Chinese serow and goral together with other mites from different hosts and geographic locations around the world showed no obvious divergence. These findings indicated that scabies likely is a zoonotic disease and that the global prevalence of scabies is probably related to the worldwide trade of domestic animals.

Esta investigación explora el abordaje que hizo la medicina de tradición latina del pelo humano en salud y enfermedad. Dentro del sistema médico que conocemos como humoralismo y que dominó la cuenca mediterránea entre los siglos V a. C. y XVII, el pelo fue objeto de estudio en sí mismo, como asiento de patología y como elemento diagnóstico del estado general de salud. Utilizando fuentes médicas y quirúrgicas consumidas en las facultades de medicina de los siglos XIII y XIV, así como textos de la tradición salernitana, el trabajo aborda la morfo-fisiología del pelo y la patología específica del mismo, concretamente la alopecia, la canicie, la pediculosis, el conjunto de las tiñas y la sarna. El acercamiento se complementa con el estudio del papel del pelo en el manejo diagnóstico, pronóstico y terapéutica de una enfermedad sistémica, la lepra. El pelo como objeto de estudio ha permitido ilustrar el funcionamiento del humoralismo como un modelo holístico de conceptualización y práctica sobre los problemas de salud y enfermedad y reflexionar, desde la indagación histórica, sobre sus similitudes y diferencias con el modelo reduccionista dominante en la actualidad. This research explores the approach taken by a tradition of medieval Latin medicine towards human hair in health and in sickness. Within the medical system that we know of as humoralism, dominant in the Mediterranean basin between the fifth century B.C. and the seventeenth century, hair was the object of study in itself, as a seat of pathology and as a diagnostic element of the general state of health. Basing itself on medical and surgical sources used in the faculties of medicine of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as well as texts from the Salernitan tradition, the work addresses the morpho-physiology of the hair and its pathology, specifically, alopecia, grey/white hair, lice infestations, the group of ringworms and scabies. The approach is complemented with the study of the role of the hair in the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic management of a systemic disease, leprosy. The hair as an object of study has allowed us to illustrate the functioning of humoralism as a holistic model of conceptualization and practice on the problems of health and sickness and to reflect, from the perspective of historical inquiry, upon its similarities and differences to the dominant reductionist model of the present day.

This retrospective observational study describes the results of an ad-hoc designated prevention protocol aimed at containing the spread of the scabies infestation among healthcare workers (HCWs) of a large University Hospital in Italy. The outbreak started on October 2022 and a preventive protocol was set up thanks to a multidisciplinary approach. HCWs at high scabies risk were defined as subjects working in Operative Units with a scabies prevalence higher than 2%, close contacts of a confirmed case of scabies, or HCWs with signs and symptoms of the disease. All cases at high scabies risk underwent a dermatological examination, and the infested HCWs were suspended from work until definitive healing. Mass drug administration was established for all HCWs working in Operative Units with a scabies prevalence higher than 2%. Until March 2023, out of 183 screening dermatological examinations, 21 (11.5%) were diagnostic for scabies. Between 11 October 2022 (date of the first diagnosed scabies case) and 6 March 2023 (the end of incubation period related to the last case detected), the frequency of scabies was 0.35% (21 scabies cases/6000 HCWs). The duration of the outbreak in our hospital was 14.7 weeks. Statistical analysis shows a significant association between scabies and being a nurse and having an allergy to dust mites. We obtained a low frequency of scabies infection, limiting the duration of the outbreak and the related economic burden.

Penyakit kulit menjadi salah satu permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, scabies menduduki peringkat ke 3 dari 12 penyakit kulit yang marak menjangkiti masyarakat Indonesia. Angka scabies di sebagian besar pesantren masih tergolong tinggi, karena buruknya perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS). Frekuensi jadwal kegiatan pondok pesantren sangat mempengaruhi tingkat kebersihan hunian lingkungan serta diri. Kejadian scabies dapat dipengaruhi oleh konsep diri dengan kualitas hidup yang buruk. Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), prevalensi scabies di seluruh dunia setidaknya 300 juta orang biasanya dapat terinfeksi scabies pada waktu yang bersamaan. Berdasarkan informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI tahun 2021 tercatat pada tahun 2016 dari 261,6 juta jiwa masyarakat Indonesia, angka kejadian scabies berkisar antara 4,60% - 12,95% dan pada tahun 2020 berkisar antara 5,6 - 12,9%. Penelitian ini bertujuan guna mengetahui hubungan konsep diri dengan kualitas hidup penderita scabies pada santri di Pondok Pesantren. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan metode deskriptif korelasi, melibatkan 70 responden yang terpilih melalui teknik total sampling dan diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa nilai r Hitung (0.048) dapat disimpulkan bahwa analisis korelasi H1 diterima, maknanya ditemukan korelasi antara konsep diri dengan kualitas hidup penderita scabies pada santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Hikamussalafiyyah dan Darul Hikmah.

The parasitic infection caused by miteSarcoptes scabiei, scabies, is widely known as one of the world's highest morbidity of skin infections. WHO classified scabies as one of the Neglected-Tropical-Disease. Scabies has several risk factors, and one of them is malnutrition. This study aimed to know the scabies infection profile and the nutritional status of patients in pediatric dermatology division, general hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. This is a retrospective study from secondary data collected by evaluating medical records from pediatric patient aged 0 – 60 months. The data were analyzed using the descriptive methodology to measure the frequency and percentage of each variable. The results showed that most of the patients are male, below 1 year old, and had good nutritional status (31.6%)measured using the weight-height index from WHO. Furthermore, most of the samples had upper extremity as the common region with scabies lesion, and papule is the most common lesion found on patients.

To optimize the permethrin-based therapies for scabies infestations in infants and young children, the efficacies of 3 different regimens were evaluated.The retrospective analysis encompassed 85 infants and children aged4 years with scabies. The children had received either topical permethrin 5% on the entire body on days 1/8, on days 1/8/15, on days 1/8/15 plus interim applications restricted to hands and feet on days 2/3/4//9/10/11, or alternative treatments.The intensified regimen, consisting of full-body permethrin applied on days 1/8/15 and hands/feet on days 2/3/4//9/10/11, resulted in cure of scabies in 73.5% of the cases. The cure rates were significantly greater compared with full-body permethrin given on days 1/8, which led to eradication in 44%, and were greater compared with the clearance in children who had received full-body permethrin on days 1/8/15 (53.8%) or alternative treatments (60%). For patients in whom permethrin had previously been applied, the intensified regimen resulted in eradication of scabies in 71.4% of the cases, compared with 30% and 55.6% after full-body permethrin on days 1/8 and 1/8/15, respectively.The intensified regimen of full-body permethrin plus interim applications on hands/feet, which aims at reducing the number of mites present on the frequently heavily infested palmoplantar sites in addition to the standard entire body application, appears efficacious in curing scabies in young children.

Summary Direct microscopy is a valuable skill in the management of skin infections and infestations, yet it is underutilized in dermatology clinics. This review details its use in identifying fungal skin infections and scabies infestations, outlining the steps involved in sample collection, preparation and interpretation.

Drug utilization studies can provide direct insights into how a drug is used in real-world conditions and can give a rough estimate of the proportion of the study population treated with it. In the present work, we examined the consumption of permethrin 5% cream in the four provinces of Galicia (a Spanish autonomous community) and described the seasonal variability and the annual evolution of its consumption between 2018 and 2021. A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study of the consumption of this drug, expressed in defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), was carried out. The results obtained revealed differences between the amounts consumed in the four Galician provinces (p < 0.001). No specific geographical pattern was observed; however, the results suggested a marked seasonality and a slightly increasing global trend in the consumption of permethrin 5% cream throughout the study period. Since the only authorized indication of this drug in the study area is the treatment of scabies, this work may give an idea of the epidemiological situation of the disease in Galicia and serve to establish public health strategies against this parasitosis.

A 75-year-old woman without any particular medical history, presented with an intensively pruritic scaly rash over the body for 8 months duration. On examination, diffuse, scaly, crusted, hyperkeratotic, erythematous patches and plaques were seen over the body. The lesions were accentuated on the

Due to the growing aging population and the increased number of long-term patients staying in nursing facilities, the prevalence of scabies has recently been increasing, even in developed countries. This study aimed to identify the actual status of hospitalized patients with scabies in South Korea using the national health insurance claims data. From 2010 to 2019, 2586 patients were hospitalized with scabies (B86) as the primary diagnosis. There were more females than males (χ2 = 31.960, p < 0.001) and patients aged 80 years or older in long-term care hospitals (χ2 = 431.410, p < 0.001). Scabies patients were mainly hospitalized in internal medicine, family medicine, and dermatology for all provider types (χ2 = 170.033, p < 0.001). In long-term care hospitals, the rate of accompanying dementia was 31.9% (χ2 = 193.418, p < 0.001), cerebral infarction was 10.4% (χ2 = 106.271, p < 0.001), and cancer was 2.1% (χ2 = 17.963, p < 0.001), which was higher than other provider types. Additionally, 20.6% in general hospitals (χ2 = 198.952, p < 0.001) had an indwelling catheter, while 49.1% in hospitals and 41.1% in general hospitals were administered steroids (χ2 = 214.440, p < 0.001). The KOH smear test was performed in 11.3% of all inpatients with scabies. We suggest recognizing these characteristics of scabies patients and thoroughly checking the skin lesions during physical examination for early diagnosis and prevention of scabies infection.

Amaç: Uyuz hastalığı (Skabiyes) dünyada yaygın olarak görülen kaşıntılı, döküntülü ve bulaşıcı ektoparaziter bir hastalıktır. Etken Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis adı verilen mikroskobik bir eklem bacaklıdır. Her yaş, cinsiyet, coğrafya ve kültürden insanı etkileyebilir. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler, tropikal ve subtropikal ülkelerde endemik olan parazit nedenli bu hastalık, büyük kalabalıklar ve hijyenin korunamadığı ortamlarda salgınlar yapabilir. Tedavide topikal ve oral olarak kullanılan seçenekler kısıtlı sayıdadır. Permetrin, Benzil Benzoat, Kükürtlü merhemler, Lindan, İvermektin gibi ilaçların birçoğu toksik etkilerinden dolayı bebek, çocuk, gebe ve laktasyon ile ilgili kısıtlılıklar nedeniyle risk altındaki tüm popülasyonlara uygulanamamaktadır. Scabiyes tedavi edilmediğinde, özellikle pediyatrik yaş grubunda görülen piyoderma, impetigo gibi sekonder enfeksiyonların da tabloya eklenmesi, hastalığın yükünü artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle daha az toksik etkileri olan ilaç arayışları halihazırda kullanılagelen bitkilere olan ilgiyi de canlı tutmaktadır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Sporadik ya da epidemik tüm vakalarda, yayılımı önlemek için skabiyesin etkin tedavisi şarttır. Başarılı bir tedavi, ilaç uygulamasının doğru yapılmasına, tedavinin komplikasyonlar ve semptomları kontrol etmeye yönelik ek yaklaşımları içermesine ve beraberinde koruyucu önlemlerin alınmasına bağlıdır. Bu derlemede skabiyes, tedavisi, kullanılan ilaçlar, kullanılma potansiyeli olan yeni ilaçlar ve geleneksel olarak kullanılan bitkiler incelenmiştir. Ülkemizde yetişen, tanınan ve yetişme potansiyeli olan 49 taksonun uyuz hastalığı tedavisinde kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Objective: Scabies are an itch and contagious ectoparasite that is common around the World. There is the causative Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. It can affect people of all ages, sexes, geographies and cultures. It is endemic in developing countries, tropical and subtropical countries. It can cause epidemics in large crowds and environments where hygiene cannot be maintained. Topical and oral options for treatment are limited. Drugs such as Permethrin, Benzyl Benzoate, Sulfur Ointments, Lindan, Ivermectin cannot be applied to all populations at risk due to their toxic effects, infants, children, pregnant women, and lactation-related restrictions. When scabies are not treated, the addition of secondary infections such as pyoderma and impetigo, which are seen especially in the pediatric age group, increases the burden of the disease. For that reason, the search for drugs with less toxic effects keeps the interest in plants still alive. Result and Discussion: In all cases of sporadic or epidemic, effective treatment of scabies is essential to prevent to spread. Successful treatment depends on the correct administration of the medication, the inclusion of additional approaches to control complications and symptoms and the taking of preventive measures. In this review, scabies, their treatment, drugs used, new drugs with the potential to be used and traditionally used plants were examined. It has been determined that 49 taxa that are grown, known and have the potential to grow in our country are used in the treatment of scabies.

•Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a threat to the health, wellbeing and economic prosperity of billions of people worldwide, often causing serious disease or death. •Commonly considered diseases of low and middle-income nations, the presence of NTDs in high income countries such as Australia is often overlooked. •Seven of the 20 recognised NTDs are endemic in Australia: scabies, soil-transmitted helminths and strongyloidiasis, echinococcosis, Buruli ulcer, leprosy, trachoma, and snakebite envenoming. •Dengue, while not currently endemic, poses a risk of establishment in Australia. There are occasional outbreaks of dengue fever, with local transmission, due to introductions in travellers from endemic regions. •Similarly, the risk of introduction of other NTDs from neighbouring countries is a concern. Many NTDs are only seen in Australia in individuals travelling from endemic areas, but they need to be recognised in health settings as the potential consequences of infection can be severe. •In this review, we consider the status of NTDs in Australia, explore the risk of introducing and contracting these infections, and emphasise the negative impact they have on the health of Australians, especially Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Scabious is a disease that often infests cats, originating from the family Sarcoptidae. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors that can affect the risk of scabious in cats. The study was evaluated at the Griya Satwa Clinic, Magetan in January-February 2021. The design of this study was a retrospective cohort study by taking secondary data during the 2020 period as study material. The data obtained were then entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 for windows to analyze the association's relationship and increased risk by calculating the Chi-Square and Odds Ratio. The samples obtained were 76 cats infested with scabious. The analysis of the association of risk factors for scabious was breed (P = 0.428), age (P = 0.793), sex (P = 0.426). The results of the prevalence of scabious in cats from the study during January-February 2021 in the 2020 period were 9.5%, and the analysis of the association (Chi-Square) and the increased (Odds Ratio) of factors including breed, age, sex on the risk of scabious in cats were not significance / absent influence, The probability of error obtained is outside the tolerance set by the researcher, so the results are not significant (p>0,05).

Understanding the spread of pathogens through the environment is critical to a fuller comprehension of disease dynamics. However, many mathematical models of disease dynamics ignore spatial effects. We seek to expand knowledge around the interaction between the bare-nosed wombat (

Scabies is a contagious parasitic skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei infestation which can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact. WHO classified scabies as a neglected tropical disease. The prevalence of scabies is high in certain countries ranging from 32.1% to 74%, especially in crowded conditions such as prisons, boarding schools, and orphanages. Indonesia is one of the most heavily affected countries worldwide. Scabies might cause great impact on patients, which includes decreased concentration and academic achievement at school, social stigma, sleep disturbances, and decreased economic productivity in community. Management of scabies with anti-scabies needs to be carried out appropriately, accompanied with treatment for all contacts. Mass treatment with permethrin cream or ivermectin can be given directly to patients. Prevention is conducted by providing medical treatment and breaking the chain of transmission. Source elimination and disinfection of fomites is very important. Participation of non-medical personnel such as teachers, cadres, and parents together with the local health workers (primary health care) is highly recommended. Using checklists or application can aid non-medical personnel to determine suspected cases, thus contributing to scabies elimination. Cooperation between patients, patient's family, health workers and other non-medical personnel will greatly reduce the prevalence of scabies and ultimately improve patient's quality of life. The aim of this review is to provide an update on scabies treatment and efforts for prevention and elimination, with focus on the situation in Indonesia.

Background There is an increase in the incidence of scabies in Turkey, which started before the Covid-19 pandemic, and this situation is considered as an epidemic. With this study, we aimed to reveal the prevalence of scabies during the pandemic period and the risk factors that are effective in the transmission of scabies. Methods Our study was performed as a cross-sectional study in 376 patients who applied to our dermatology outpatient clinic between 1st and 30th April 2021. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, living space, health behavior, and health care utilization of the patients were questioned. Results The prevalence of scabies was determined as 10.9%. Features such as sex, area of residence, age, formal education status, employment status, total income, number of shower, number of people per room, water source, and heating method, which were found to be significant as a result of the double test, were included in the logistic regression analysis. Scabies was found 2.728 times (CI 1.325–5.557) more in those who live in rural areas than those who live in urban areas, 2.714 times (CI 1.365–5.451) more in men than women, 2.707 times (CI 1.256–5.833) more in nonworking than working, 2.354 times (CI 1.057–5.243) more in those with less than 9 showers per month than those with 9 or more showers per month. Conclusion During the Covid-19 pandemic period, the prevalence of scabies in Turkey is increasing and it is becoming a serious health problem. Our study emphasizes this increase and determines the risk factors for transmission.

Background Scabies is a neglected tropical disease of the skin that can lead to impetigo, serious secondary bacterial infections and immune-mediated diseases. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been reported in several studies to reduce the prevalence of scabies and impetigo. We aimed to assess the efficacy of MDA for scabies on scabies and impetigo. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of reports on the impact of MDA on scabies and impetigo. We included randomized control trials and observational evaluations reported from January 1970 to April 2021 and involving human participants. We searched PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. We considered MDA as treatment intended for the whole population, regardless of individual infection status or symptoms. The main outcome assessed was the change in scabies and impetigo prevalence following MDA. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020169839). Results We identified 1110 records, of which 11 met inclusion criteria for the review and 9 were deemed suitable for meta-analysis for scabies and 4 for impetigo. Most studies were in small populations. There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies (I2 value 96.19%). The overall relative reduction of the impact of MDA on scabies prevalence was 79%. The effect size was comparable for MDA based on ivermectin and permethrin. MDA for scabies also led to a reduction in impetigo prevalence with a relative reduction of 66%. Conclusions MDA for scabies is highly effective in reducing the prevalence of scabies and impetigo. Further research is needed to determine the durability of impact, and the effectiveness of MDA regimens in larger populations.

To date, very few treatments have been demonstrated to reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Although corticosteroids have been proven to reduce mortality in severe disease, there has been little convincing evidence on interventions that may prevent disease, reduce hospitalizations, and reduce the numbers of people progressing to critical disease and death. Ivermectin is a well-known medicine that is approved as an antiparasitic by the World Health Organization and the US Food and Drug Administration. It is widely used in lowand middle-income countries to treat worm infections. Also used for the treatment of scabies and lice, it is one of the World Health Organization’s Essential Medicines.1 With total doses of ivermectin distributed apparently equalling one-third of the present world population,1 ivermectin at the usual doses (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) is considered extremely safe for use in humans.1 In addition to its antiparasiticactivity, it has been noted to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, leading to an increasing list of therapeutic indications. South African authorities approved the use of a drug used to control parasites in humans and livestock to treat coronavirus patients. Additionally, in January 2021, the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) announced that ivermectin, would be allowedfor use on compassionate grounds in a controlled-access program. Ivermectin locally has been used for the prevention and/or management of Covid-19 infection. This has resulted in a huge black market trade of ivermectin in South Africa as many health professionals and others have taken to social media and other platforms to profile this drug as an effective treatment for the covid-19 viral infection. Roman and colleagues (2021)1 conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate treatment effects of Ivermectin (IVM) on clinical outcomes and adverse events (AEs) in people with COVID-19.

People's Commissar of Health Comrade Vladimirsky in his report at the Moscow city-wide party meeting of medical workers 4 / II 1933 "On the results of the January plenum of the Central Committee and Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks" noted the major achievements in the field of health care, which were the result of the general successes of socialist construction, and led to a significant increase in the inpatient fund, reached in the USSR in 1932 - 800,000 beds, which changed the very type of institution and the system of medical care; at the same time outlined a number of measures aimed at strengthening the health of the workers of our country.

Dermoscopy is an essential in vivo diagnostic technique in the clinical evaluation of skin tumors. Currently, the same can also be said about its implications when approaching different clinical situations in Dermatology. A growing number of reports on dermatological scenarios and diseases have been published, in which dermoscopy has been of great diagnostic help. The term ‟entomodermoscopy” was coined to describe dermoscopic findings in skin infestations and also in dermatoses of infectious etiology. In part I of this article, the main dermoscopic descriptions of zoodermatoses and bacterial infections will be addressed. In many of them, such as scabies, pediculosis, myiasis, and tungiasis, it is possible to identify the pathogen and, consequently, attain the diagnosis more quickly and use the technique to follow-up therapeutic effectiveness. In other situations that will be described, dermoscopy can allow the observation of clinical findings with greater detail, rule out differential diagnoses, and increase the level of confidence in a clinical suspicion.

Nan Liu,1 Yuchun Bai,1 Xing Li,1 Yanfei Zhang2 1College of Public Health of Xi’an FanYi University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yanfei ZhangThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-29-87679301, Email zhangyanfei723@163.comPurpose: Scabies is a common, neglected, and a major health concern skin disease in the world. Improper care may produce a series of complications and even lead to the spread of diseases. Nursing students, as future health-care workers, are vital to the prevention and care of diseases. However, to date, few studies have focused on the basis of their disease cognition for scabies. This study aims to evaluate the level of undergraduate nursing students’ awareness of scabies disease.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among all undergraduate nursing students in Xi’an FanYi University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, China.Results: All the 132 undergraduate nursing students completed the questionnaire. The true ignorance rate of scabies in this survey was 82.6%. However, among the 56 students (42.4% of total) who thought they knew about the disease. Only 23 students (17.4% of the samples) had 75% or more satisfactory knowledge. Fewer students claimed that they had read about the itchy-mite-disease in books (N = 20, 15.2%). Compared with college textbooks (P-value < 0.05) and medical books (P-value < 0.05), other books (medical journals) provide more information about scabies. Nearly half of the students did not know that the scabies can be contagious. All students expressed their willingness to learn about scabies knowledge and participate in the diagnosis and treatment of scabies (100%).Conclusion: This study shows that undergraduate nursing students have a poor level of knowledge about scabies. There is an urgent need to improve nursing students’ awareness of scabies and increase their knowledge base, so as to strengthen the standardized nursing of scabies and reduce the prevalence of scabies.Keywords: scabies, knowledge, nursing education, nursing students, healthcare

Scabies is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) of the skin that is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is considered to be an important public health problem in many regions. The disease is at its most prevalent in low-resource countries where there are overcrowded living conditions coupled with poor hygiene. In some regions, mass drug administration using ivermectin is a key population-based approach to the control of scabies. Before starting a patient on specific treatment, confirming the diagnosis by accurate and rapid identification of the organism is critical. Different laboratory-based techniques for scabies have been developed in the last few decades. These include direct microscopy and histopathology. More recently, serological testing, dermoscopy and different molecular techniques have been developed as diagnostic methods for scabies. To date, none of these, apart from microscopy and dermoscopy, has been translated into routine clinical laboratory practice. A simple point-of-care or laboratory test would provide a rapid and confirmed diagnosis and early institution of effective treatment. In this review we present an update on the laboratory techniques currently in use for the identification of scabies.

BACKGROUND Scabies is a contagious skin disease resulting from Sarcoptes scabiei infestation. There are no approved over-the-counter treatments, and approved prescription products have disadvantages, including potential resistance. Spinosad, an insecticide derived from fermentation of a soil actinobacterium, shows promise as a potential treatment agent. OBJECTIVE Combined results from 2 controlled clinical studies were used to evaluate the efficacy of 0.9% spinosad topical suspension in the eradication of scabies. METHODS Each study included index subjects (the youngest household members with active scabies) and up to 5 other members in each household. Subjects applied 0.9% spinosad or vehicle once. Primary efficacy was the percentage of index subjects with complete cure on day 28. Additional efficacy included clinical cure, microscopic cure, and lesion counts. RESULTS Spinosad at 0.9% is not equivalent to vehicle in the percentage of index subjects achieving complete cure on day 28 (78.1% vs 39.6%, respectively; P

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm khảo sát những điều kiện tối ưu ảnh hưởng hiệu quả hoạt tính cao dược liệu Xà cừ trong quá trình chiết xuất và đánh giá hiệu quả của xà phòng Xà cừ trong điều trị và phòng bệnh cho chó mắc ghẻ. Dược liệu Xà cừ được rửa sạch, phơi khô, sau đó ngâm trong dung môi nước và ethanol 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, và tiến hành trích ly bằng máy cô quay chân không để thu cao dược liệu. Cao Xà cừ pha loãng 1% và được sử dụng thử nghiệm hiệu quả diệt ghẻ, sau đó điều chế xà phòng trong thử nghiệm phòng và điều trị bệnh ghẻ trên chó. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy dược liệu Xà cừ có hiệu quả trong diệt con ghẻ, thời gian gây chết 100% ghẻ của dịch chiết Xà cừ bằng dung môi ethanol tại các nồng độ 40 - 50, 60, 70 - 90, và dịch chiết Xà cừ bằng dung môi nước tương ứng là 12, 5, 3, và 3 giờ. Xà phòng dược liệu Xà cừ (5 - 7%) có hiệu quả điều trị bệnh ghẻ sau 5 – 7 ngày điều trị tắm cho chó. Chó tắm xà phòng Xà cừ - E70, 80, 90 với tần suất 1 tháng/lần và trong 6 tháng liên tục không thấy xuất hiện bệnh ghẻ., {"references":["Trần Đức Hoàn, Nguyễn Thị Hương Giang, Hồ Thu Hiền, Nguyễn Việt Đức & Tạ Ngọc Sơn (2019). Nghiên cứu một số đặc điểm dịch tễ bệnh ghẻ trên chó tại thành phố Vinh, Nghệ An. Khoa học kỹ thuật thú y, 26(8), 63-70","Nguyễn Thị Kim Lan (2012). Ký sinh trùng và bệnh ký sinh trùng thú y. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp","Đỗ Tất Lợi (1999). Những cây thuốc và vị thuốc Việt Nam. Hà Nội & TP. Hồ Chí Minh: Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật","Atawodi, S. E., Atawodi, J. C., Pala, Y., & Idakwo, P. (2009). Assessment of the polyphenol profile and antioxidant properties of leaves, stem and root barks of Khaya senegalensis. Electronic Journal of Biology, 5(4), 80-84","Kolawole, O. T., Akiibinu, M. O., Ayankunle, A. A., & Awe, E. O. (2013). Evaluation of antiinflammatory and antinociceptive potentials of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) stem bark aqueous extract. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 3(2), 216-229","Marius, L., Salfo, O., Noufou, O., Lazare, B., Laurent, B. A. G., Benjamin, O., ... & Pierre, G. I. (2020). Vermicides activities of trunk barks and leaves of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae). World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 5(3), 064-073.","Nwosu, C. U., Hassan, S. W., Abubakar, M. G., & Ebbo, A. A. (2012). Anti-diarrhoeal and toxicological studies of leaf extracts of Khaya senegalensis. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 7(1), 1-10","Sani, A. A., Alemika, T. E., Zakama, S., Wagami, J. M., Barau, M., & Ilyas, M. (2012). Phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography of the leaves of Khaya senegalensis (dry zone mahogany) Meliaceae. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources, 9(1), 20-23","Terada, Y., Murayama, N., Ikemura, H., Morita, T., & Nagata, M. (2010). Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis refractory to ivermectin treatment in two dogs. Veterinary dermatology, 21(6), 608-612","Umar, I. A., Ibrahim, M. A., Fari, N. A., Isah, S., & Balogun, D. A. (2010). In vitro and in vivo antiTrypanosoma evansi activities of extracts from different parts of Khaya senegalensis. J Cell Animal Biol, 4(6), 91-5","Voyvoda, H., Ulutas, B., Eren, H., Karagenc, T., & Bayramli, G. (2005). Use of doramectin for treatment of sarcoptic mange in five Angora rabbits. Veterinary dermatology, 16(4), 285-288"]}

Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs; CAS 608-73-1) are a group of manufactured chemicals. HCHs were produced and used as insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops, and for direct application on animals and animal housing, a few decades ago. It is also available as a prescription medicine to treat or control scabies and head lice in humans. HCHs were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention. They are not produced anymore in most countries.

Background and objective: Scabies, known as the seven-year itch, is a contagious skin infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei that causes a pruritic skin eruption. Scabies is endemic in most of the communities of the developing world. This study aimed to assess the quality of life of scabies patients, taking into consideration the demographic profile and clinical presentation of patients in Erbil. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 107 scabies patients attending a private dermatology clinic were recruited. Dermatology Quality of Life Index questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: More than half (51.4%) of the patients were less than 30 years of age, including 58.9% males, 70.1% of them were married, and 67.3% were living in the urban area. More than 84% of the study sample’s quality of life was very large and extremely large affected. The overall mean of the quality of life scores was 14.95±4.5 with no significant association between the overall quality of life scores to disease severity and certain sociodemographic characteristics of the patients. The mean scores of the two domains of embarrassment and shopping were significantly associated with the male gender (P = 0.003 and 0.021, respectively). However, 40.2%, 35.5%, and 29% of the patients reported that the disease affected very much on their shopping, clothing, and working activities, respectively. Conclusion: The disease had caused a significant effect on patients' lives, with no significant association between the severity of the disease and overall quality of life scores. The disease in its mild, moderate, and severe forms adversely affected patient lives. The commonest quality of life scores were those in the range of 11-20. Keywords: Quality of life; Scabies; Erbil; Iraq.

Background: In 2017, WHO recognized scabies as a neglected tropical disease. The optimal treatment is not well defined in some communities.Objective: This study aimed to compare ivermectin and benzyl benzoate in the treatment of scabies in Koranic schools (or "daara") in Dakar (region).Methods: This was a prospective randomized trial conducted from January to October 2018 in Senegal. Any resident living in the selected "daara" and diagnosed with scabies was included. The administered treatments were benzyl benzoate (BB) or ivermectin. At the outset, if one case of scabies was diagnosed, all residents received treatment. Ivermectin was given at the dose of 200 mg/kg. The same treatment was repeated on day 7 for each group, the endpoint was at D14, and the data were analyzed with STATA 14.Results: Fifteen "daara" were included. Of the 959 residents, 70 were diagnosed with scabies: prevalence of 7.29%. All patients except one were male; the mean age was 9.98 years (4-17). At D14, in the BB arm, cure rate was 42.85% (n = 15) while in the ivermectin arm, this rate was 5.71% (n = 2) with a significant difference (p = 0.01). On D28, the cure rate was still higher in the BB group 57.14 (n=20) versus ivermectin 21.42 (n = 6) with a significant difference (p = 0.004). On D42, all patients except eight were cured. At D14, we found a link between the cure rate, the number of people in the room (p = 0.01), and the number of showers per week (p = 0.01) but no link with the number of people per "daara" (p = 0.163). At D28, we found a link between the cure rate, the number of people sleeping in the room (p = 0.03), and the number of showers per week (p = 0.01) but not with the number of people per "daara" (p = 0.07).Conclusion: In Koranic schools, the cure rate is higher with benzyl benzoate compared to ivermectin.

Background and Design: This study aimed to reveal the effects of the crisis period and normalization process after the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dermatology practice to anticipate future health problems. Materials and Methods: All patients were enrolled from the dermatology outpatient clinics between February and July 2020 (pre-COVID-19 period, crisis period, and normalization period). Data such as age, sex, application dates, diagnoses, and treatment methods were received from the electronic registration database. Results: The number of patients in the normalization period (32.3%) increased relative to that in the crisis period (11.5%), and it was significantly lower than that before the pandemic (56.2%). Remarkably, the change in the distribution of stress-related diseases, such as idiopathic generalized pruritus, alopecia areata, and herpes zoster, stably paralleled each other and the increase and decrease trends during the crisis and normalization periods, respectively. The increase in the frequency of contact dermatitis, which was not reflected in the crisis period, became evident in the normalization period (p

The article presents a study of the pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of drugs of etiotropic action Ivermikol drops and Aversectin ointment for cnemidocoptosis in budgerigars. Treatment was directed to the study of etiotropic therapy of acaricidal drugs in relation to the causative agents of invasion in sick birds and in the environment. Extensibility and intensity (EE and IE) of the drugs were assessed on the 6th, 22nd and 36th days after the treatment. A study group of budgies suffering from knemidocoptosis was given the following treatment regimen: ivermicol drops, chlorhexidine and Perlen multivitamized grain mixture for food. According to the treatment, on the 6th day in budgies, the extensibility was 0 %. On the 22nd day of treatment in 4 parrots during microscopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas, Knemidocoptes mites were found. Thus, the extensibility of ivermicol drops was 33.3 %. On the 36th day, the extensibility of the treatment of parrots with ivermicol drops was 100 %. Thus, the results obtained make it possible to recommend the indicated scheme for the treatment of ornamental birds for knemidocoptosis. Thuse of the treatment of sick budgerigars according to a different scheme (aversectin ointment, chlorhexidine and multivitamized Perlen grain mixture for nutrition) also proved to be effective. However, on the 22nd day of treatment, microscopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed Knemidokoptes mites in 5 parrots, thus, the extensibility of aversectin ointment was 16.7 %. On the 36th day of treatment in parrots of the control group, which were treated with aversectin ointment, the EE of treatment was 66 %, since 2 out of 6 parrots remained sick, which required further treatment. The dynamics of the EE and IE of ivermicol drops and avesectin ointments on the 6th, 22nd, and 36th days of the study indicate the highest therapeutic efficacy of ivermicol drops. Thus, the use of ivermicol drops as a means of etiotropic action in the cinemidocoptosis of budgerigars is effective. Key words: scabies, treatment, knemidocoptosis, parrots, Cnemidocoptes pilae, acaricidalpreparations, ivermicoldrops, aversectinointment.

Some of the most important pathogens affecting wildlife are transmitted indirectly via the environment. Yet the environmental stages of pathogens are often poorly understood, relative to infection in the host, making this an important research frontier. Sarcoptic mange is a globally widespread disease caused by the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus) is particularly susceptible, and their solitary nature and overlapping use of burrows strongly indicate the importance of environmental transmission. However, due to the challenge of accessing and monitoring within wombat burrows, there has been limited research into their suitability for off-host mite survival and environmental transmission (i.e., to serve as a fomite). We created a model using published laboratory data to predict mite survival times based on temperature and humidity. We then implemented innovative technologies (ground-penetrating radar and a tele-operated robotic vehicle) to map and access wombat burrows to record temperature and relative humidity. We found that the stable conditions within burrows were conducive for off-host survival of S. scabiei, particularly in winter (estimated mite survival of 16.41 ± 0.34 days) and less so in warmer and drier months (summer estimated survival of 5.96 ± 0.37 days). We also compared two areas with higher and lower average mange prevalence in wombats (13.35% and 4.65%, respectively), finding estimated mite survival was slightly higher in the low prevalence area (10.10 and 12.12 days, respectively), contrary to our expectations, suggesting other factors are also important for population prevalence. Our study is the first to demonstrate the suitability of the bare-nosed wombat burrow for off-host mite survival and environmental transmission. Our findings have implications for understanding observed patterns of mange, disease dynamics and disease management for not only bare-nosed wombats, but also other burrow or den-obligate species exposed to S. scabiei via environmental transmission., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Wombat burrows are a source of environmental transmission of Sarcoptes scabiei. • We used ground-penetrating radar and a robotic vehicle to measure burrow conditions. • We estimate S. scabiei can survive 5.96–16.41 days within burrows depending on season. • Seasonal variation in environmental survival may influence disease dynamics in wombats.

Highlights • Combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin treats common scabies • Patients 55 years or older may be more likely to experience post-scabetic itch • Post-scabetic itch may persist for a median of 52.5 days (interquartile range, 28-135), Background Common scabies can be difficult to diagnose and treat. There are limited data on the clinical characteristics of patients who may benefit from combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin. Postscabetic itch is common, but there is scant data describing its prognosis and management. Objective This study describes the clinical characteristics and evaluates treatment outcomes of participants with common scabies treated with combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin and describes the prognosis and management of postscabetic itch. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of participants with common scabies treated with combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin therapy and topical permethrin only. Participants previously treated with permethrin and/or ivermectin were excluded. The primary outcome was clinical outcome at follow-up, categorized as cure, worsening, or no change. Secondary outcomes included time from treatment initiation to cure, duration of follow-up after cure, recurrence rate, frequency of postscabetic itch, and duration of postscabetic itch. Results Of 55 participants treated with combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin, 49 (89%) achieved cure, 5 (9%) had no change, and 1 (2%) had worsening disease. Of 48 participants treated with topical permethrin only, 46 (96%) achieved cure, 2 (4%) had no change, and 0 (0%) had worsening disease. Thirty-five participants (34%) experienced postscabetic itch for 52.5 days (interquartile range, 28–135). More participants in the older (mean: 55 years; standard deviation: 21 years; p = .002) combined treatment group experienced postscabetic itch than in the younger (mean: 42 years; standard deviation: 19 years) permethrin-only treatment group (42% vs. 25%; p = .072). Conclusion These findings support the use of combined topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin therapy in treating common scabies, highlight that postscabetic itch can persist for longer than previously reported, and reveal a potential relationship between older age and postscabetic itch.

Background: Common cutaneous infestations and arthropod bites are not reportable conditions in most countries. Their worldwide epidemiologic evolution and distribution are mostly unknown. Objective: To explore the evolution and geographic distribution of common cutaneous infestations and arthropod bites through an analysis of Google Trends. Methods: Search trends from 2004 through March 2021 for common cutaneous infestations and arthropod bites were extracted from Google Trends, quantified, and analyzed. Results: Time series decomposition showed that total search term volume for pubic lice decreased worldwide over the study period, while the interest for ticks, pediculosis, insect bites, scabies, lice, and bed bugs increased (in increasing order). The interest for bed bugs was more pronounced in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics countries, interest for lice in Near East and Middle East countries, and interest for pubic lice in South American countries. Internet searches for bed bugs, insect bites, and ticks exhibited the highest seasonal patterns. Limitations: Retrospective analysis limits interpretation. Conclusion: Surveillance systems based on Google Trends may enhance the timeliness of traditional surveillance systems and suggest that, while most cutaneous infestations increase worldwide, pubic lice may be globally declining.

Scabies is a dermatological disease found worldwide. Mainly in tropical regions, it is also the cause of significant morbidity and mortality due to its association with potentially severe secondary bacterial infections. Current treatment strategies for scabies do not consider the role of opportunistic bacteria, and here we investigate whether current and emerging scabicides can offer any anti-bacterial protection. Using the broth microdilution method, we examined antimicrobial potential of the current scabicide ivermectin and emerging scabies treatments: abametapir, mānuka oil, and its individual β-triketones. Our results demonstrate that the two novel scabicides abametapir and mānuka oil have antimicrobial properties against common scabies-associated bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and Acinetobacter baumannii. The current scabicide ivermectin offers some antimicrobial activity and is capable of inhibiting the growth aforementioned bacteria. This research is important as it could help to inform future best treatment options of scabies, and scabies-related impetigo.

IntroductionSkin neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), are endemic and under-diagnosed in many lower-income communities. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of skin NTDs and fungal infections in two primary schools and a community setting in rural Togo.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study that took place between June-October 2021. The two primary schools are located on the outskirts of Lomé, the capital city. The community setting was Ndjéi, in north-east Togo. The choice of schools and village was random. Dermatologists examined the skin of study participants. Diagnosis of skin NTDs were made clinically.ResultsA total of 1401 individuals were examined, 954 (68.1%) from Ndjéi community, and 447 (31.9%) were children in the schools. Cutaneous skin infections were diagnosed in 438 (31.3%) participants, of whom 355 (81%) were in community settings. There were 105 observed skin NTDs (7.5%), including 20 in schools (6.7% of school participants) and 85 (9.4%) in the community. Across all settings 68 (6.7%) NTDs were in children, and 37 (9.7%) in adults. In addition, there were 333 observed mycoses (23.4% prevalence). The main cutaneous NTDs diagnosed were scabies (n=86; 6.1%) and yaws (n=16, 1.1%). The prevalence of scabies in schools was 4.2%, and 7.2% in the rural community. One case of leprosy was diagnosed in each school and the rural community, and one Buruli Ulcer case in the community. In the school setting, five (6%) children with a skin NTD reported being stigmatised, four of whom had refused to attend school because of their dermatosis. In Ndjéi, 44 (4.6%) individuals reported having experienced stigma and 41 (93.1%) of them missed at least one day of school or work.ConclusionThis study shows that the burden of scabies and other skin infections is high in the school and rural community settings in Togo, with associated presence of stigma. Improved health promotion and education across institutional and community settings may reduce stigma and encourage early reporting of skin infection cases to a health facility.Author summaryThis article is a group of conditions called skin Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). The study takes place in Togo, West Africa. There is very little evidence around how widespread NTDs are in Togo. Local dermatologists carried out skin examinations of students in two schools on the edge of Lomé, the capital city. They also examined skin of community residents in rural Togo, in the north-east of the country. We show how the prevalence of fungal skin disease is very high, and also diagnosed numerous cases of scabies (one of the skin NTDs). Cases of leprosy and Buruli Ulcer were also found. Additionally, there were high levels of reported stigma. Our findings show how addressing this burden of disease is vital to improve individual and population health, but also to reduce the socio-economic consequences of these treatable conditions.

Bullous Pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepithelial bullous disease. Several reports suggested an association between BP and scabies.We aimed to evaluate whether an association between BP and scabies exists.This is a retrospective matched case-control study. We retrospectively identified BP patients treated in our clinic between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2016. Each patient was assigned to 3 control subjects (matched by age and sex) treated in our clinic, not due to BP. The study group was examined for a scabies diagnosis within the 3 years prior to BP diagnosis; the control group was examined for a scabies diagnosis 3 years prior to its first visit in our clinic.Fifteen out of the 87 (17.2%) BP patients were diagnosed with scabies within the 3 years prior to their initial BP diagnosis, compared to only 4.2% (11 out of 261) among the control group. The odds ratio of scabies history was 4 times higher among BP patients compared to the control group (OR=4.23; 95% CI: 1.50ndash;11.91, P=0.007).A retrospective study design.An association between scabies diagnosis and BP is demonstrated in our study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2022;21(9):1009-1011. doi:10.36849/JDD.4900.

To evaluate the risk factors for crusted scabies in children in France. The retrospective multicenter study, conducted in France, of children (aged 18 years) with profuse and/or crusted scabies confirmed by dermoscopy and/or microscopy. Data were obtained using a standardized questionnaire. We included 20 children. The mean age was 4.5 years, and 70% of the patients were girls. Their medical history revealed a neurological pathology (agenesis of the corpus callosum; n = 1, 5.0%), prematurity (n = 1, 5.0%), Down syndrome (n = 1, 5.0%), atopic dermatitis (n = 2, 10%), and asthma (n = 2, 10.0%). Fifteen (75.0%) children were treated with steroids before being diagnosed with scabies: 12 (60.0%) with topical steroids, one (5.0%) with a systemic steroid, and two (10.0%) with inhaled steroids. One child (5.0%) lived in a precarious environment. The mean duration of pruritus was 3.4 months, and that of the skin lesions was 3.1 months. The most commonly affected areas for crusted scabies were the palms/hands (66.7%) and the armpits (33.3%). Thirteen children (65.0%) were hospitalized, 14 (70.0%) were treated with ivermectin and all received topical treatments; 85.7% were cured within an average of 38 days, but one child had a relapse 3 months later in the form of common scabies.Conclusion: The main risk factor for developing crusted scabies in France was the misdiagnosis and the use of corticosteroids, especially topical forms typically used in "healthy" children. Management of the children was effective and similar to that used in adults. What is Known: • Crusted scabies is an extremely contagious disease which is rarely reported in infancy, especially in healthy children. • The main risk factors include immunosuppression, physical debilitation, and intellectual disability. What is New: • The main risk factor of severe scabies in this study was delayed diagnosis associated with the use of topical or systemic corticosteroids. • The treatment was successful in 85.7% of cases, and 65% of children needed to be hospitalized.

A 66-year-old male presented with a one-month history of persistent pruritic eruptions distributed mainly on the trunk. A punch biopsy from the left upper abdomen revealed focal acantholytic dyskeratosis with mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis composed of numerous eosinophils. Grover’s disease was diagnosed based on the clinical and histopathological findings. Appropriate treatment was initiated but failed to relieve symptoms of itchiness. A further investigation of the hair follicles under mineral oil preparation revealed an infestation of pediculosis pubis. Subsequent treatment with Ivermectin and permethrin cream led to the complete resolution of his symptoms. This case report highlights an unusual and first documented case of Grover’s disease with a concomitant infestation of pediculosis pubis. To date, no reported cases in the literature have associated Grover’s disease with pubic lice infestation. However, there are three reported cases of concurrent scabies and Grover’s disease in the literature. This rare case underscores the clinical value in further investigating treatable underlying conditions in patients with suspected transient acantholytic dermatosis.

BACKGROUND In order to successfully treat scabies and to prevent its spread, it is important to identify the factors that can influence the outcome of scabies treatment. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate the risk factors associated with treatment resistance scabies during use of an effective topical medication. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients with scabies infestations confirmed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) examinations. Patient characteristics, clinical features and treatment history were collected. The treatment resistance group included patients with persistent scabies infestations for more than 28 days after initiation of antiscabies treatment with 5% permethrin cream. RESULTS In total, 138 patients with scabies infestations treated between January 2017 and December 2020 were included in this study. Of these, 100 (72.5%) patients were treated successfully, while 38 (27.5%) patients experienced treatment resistance. In the univariable analysis, risk factors for treatment resistance scabies included impaired cognitive function (OR = 2.66, 95% CI, 1.15-6.14), limited mobility (OR = 2.97, 95% CI, 1.30-6.83), inpatient status (vs. outpatient, OR = 3.3, 95% CI, 1.28-8.54), topical steroid use before diagnosis (OR = 3.52, 95% CI, 1.61-7.81), systemic steroid use before diagnosis (OR = 3.57, 95% CI, 1.26-10.34) and a positive KOH exam after the first treatment (OR = 7.25, 95% CI, 3.24-17.11). In the multivariable analysis, limited mobility (OR = 3.46, 95% CI, 1.02-12.11) and topical steroid use before diagnosis (OR = 3.65, 95% CI, 1.41-9.75) were significant predictive factors for treatment resistance scabies. CONCLUSIONS Scabies patients with limited mobility and topical steroid use before diagnosis are at high risk of treatment resistance. Dermatologists should take these findings into consideration when treating patients with scabies infestations.

Scabies is one of the most common and, in terms of burden of disease, one of the most significant skin diseases worldwide. In Germany, an increase in cases is currently being discussed, for which reliable data have been lacking until now.The goal is to clarify the prevalence and treatment of scabies in Germany.Multisource analyses of treatment data from a nationwide statutory health insurance company, the Federal Statistical Office and company skin screenings.In Germany, the number of cases of scabies has been rising since 2009 and especially since 2014. In the outpatient setting, there was an increase of 52.8% to around 128,000 treatment cases between 2010 and 2015. Currently, more than 11,000 inpatient cases are documented annually in Germany with scabies as the main diagnosis (ICD-10 B86). The increase between 2010 and 2016 was about 306%. The main outpatient specialist groups providing care are dermatologists and general practitioners, while in the inpatient sector treatment is provided by departments of dermatology, paediatrics and internal medicine.Due to the aforementioned development of prevalence and incidence, the need for care will remain at a high level in the future, which suggests an increased need for education and early detection.HINTERGRUND: Skabies stellt weltweit eine der häufigsten und hinsichtlich der Krankheitslast bedeutendsten Hautkrankheiten dar. In Deutschland wird derzeit eine Zunahme von Fällen diskutiert, wofür bisher belastbare Zahlen fehlten.Häufigkeit und Versorgungsmerkmale der Skabies in Deutschland.Multi-Source-Analysen aus Versorgungsdaten einer bundesweiten gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung, des Statistischen Bundesamtes und von betrieblichen Hautscreenings.In Deutschland weist Skabies seit 2009 und insbesondere seit 2014 eine steigende Versorgungsprävalenz auf. Im ambulanten Bereich findet sich ein Anstieg zwischen 2010 und 2015 von 52,8 % auf etwa 128.000 Behandlungsfälle. Stationär werden in Deutschland derzeit jährlich über 11.000 Fälle mit Skabies als Hauptdiagnose (ICD-10 B86) dokumentiert. Der Anstieg zwischen 2010 und 2016 betrug etwa 306 %. Hauptversorgende ambulante Fachgruppen sind Dermatologen und Hausärzte, im stationären Bereich Fachabteilungen für Dermatologie, Pädiatrie und Innere Medizin.Der Versorgungsbedarf wird zukünftig aufgrund der vorgenannten Entwicklung von Prävalenz und Inzidenz weiter auf einem hohen Niveau bleiben, was einen erhöhten Aufklärungs- und Früherkennungsbedarf nahelegt.

Summary Background Conflicting results have been published on the impact of contact precautions (CPs) on reduction of transmission of multi-drug-resistant micro-organisms (MDROs) in the endemic setting. Ambiguous definitions coupled with low adherence partly explain these differences. Aim We prospectively monitored the level of adherence to CPs and aimed to relate it to in-hospital transmission of MDROs. Methods Between January 2016 and March 2018, all patients under CPs underwent continuous monitoring of adherence to CPs by routine on-site visits on days 0, 3 and 7 after initiating CPs using a standardized checklist. The protocol included 10 interventions that were routinely checked such as CP sign at the door as well as wearing of gowns and gloves upon entry to the patient room. Patients requiring CPs were defined as colonized or infected with MDROs (meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), non-Escherichia coli extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) Enterobacterales, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative micro-organisms (CRGN)) as well as patients infected with respiratory viruses, norovirus, scabies and hypervirulent strains of Clostridioides difficile. Findings Overall, data from 13,756 CP records from 1378 visits of 812 patients were analysed. Adherence varied between 93% and 100% for each intervention, except for “separate space for contaminated material” with an adherence of 5.3–6.1%. The incidence of in-hospital transmission during the study period was extremely low for MRSA, VRE, non-E.coli ESBL Enterobacterales and CRGN with 0.00–0.064 cases/1000 patient days. Conclusion High adherence coupled with continuous monitoring of CPs correlated with a very low in-hospital transmission rate. These results indicate that CPs are highly effective if routine monitoring of adherence is implemented.

Scabies is a skin disease caused by the investment and sensitization of Sarcoptes Scabiei mites variants of hominis and their products to the body. Scabies is often neglected because it is not life- threatening so the priority of treatment is low, but actually chronic and severe scabies can cause dangerous complications. WHO noted that approximately 130 million population in the world experienced scabies in 2018. While in Aceh in 2017, approximately 40.78% of pesantren adolescents suffered from scabies. This study aims to determine the relationship between education, knowledge and behavior related to the incidence of scabies in Syamtalira Bayu District, North Aceh Regency. This type of research is analytic descriptive using a cross sectional survey approach. The subjects of this study were the people of District Syamtalira Bayu. Determination of the study sample was conducted using purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample of 100 respondents was obtained at the Syamtalira Bayu Health Center. The results showed that there was a relationship between the behavior of changing clothes or prayer tools (p = 0.008), changing towels (p = 0,000), and sleeping coincide (p = 0,000) with the incidence of scabies in Syamtalira Bayu District and there was no relationship between education (p = 0.770) and knowledge (p = 0.564) in the Syamtalira Bayu District.

В статье представлены данные литературы и собственный опыт дифференциальной диагностики атопического дерматита. Отмечены диагностические сложности на примере анализа наблюдения за 57 детьми с атопическим дерматитом (в возрасте 1–5 лет) и предложен диагностический алгоритм, который включал три этапа: клинический (детальный сбор жалоб и анамнестических данных), лабораторный (общий анализ крови, биохимическое и копрологическое обследования, определение общего IgE и специфических IgE к глютену и различным фракциям молока, серологических биомаркеров целиакии), а также инструментальный (накожное тестирование в период достижения контроля заболевания и при необходимости — эндоскопическое с последующим гистологическим исследованием биоптатов слизистой оболочки тонкой кишки). Наблюдение за пациентами проводилось в условиях Львовского городского детского аллергологического центра на базе коммунального некоммерческого предприятия «Городская детская клиническая больница г. Львова». Детей осматривали на старте исследования и в динамике через 1, 2, 3 мес. Оценка эффективности лечения проводилась на основании клинических симптомов, характера и распространенности сыпи, а также интенсивности зуда. Результаты исследования показали, что в исследуемой группе выявлены следующие причины рефрактерности к лечению детей с атопическим дерматитом: 36,84 % — коморбидные аллергические заболевания (у 71,43 % — с неконтролируемым течением); 24,56 % — пищевая аллергия 12,28 % — аллергия к белку коровьего молока 7,02 % — лактазная недостаточность 7,02 % — гельминтозы; 5,25 % — стрептодермия; 3,51 % — аллергия к глютену; 3,51 % — целиакия; 3,51 % — чесотка; 1,75 % — гиперчувствительность к пищевым добавкам (E102), и у 3,51 % детей причину идентифицировать не удалось (проводится дальнейший поиск). Описана потребность персонифицированного подхода к лабораторно-инструментальному алгоритму диагностики атопического дерматита и показаны результаты собственного пути в постановке диагноза.

Background In addition to general measures, pharmacological treatment is the basis of the management of scabies. No recent data in real-life are available on the efficacy and safety of 10% benzyl benzoate emulsion for skin application administered as monotherapy. Method This prospective, multicenter, French observational study comprised a registry and a prospective cohort with a follow-up at 28 days and a telephone call at week 12. To participate in the registry, patients had to be over 1 month old, ambulatory, presenting common, nonhyperkeratotic, untreated scabies. To be included in the cohort, patients had to be included in the registry and treated with two applications of 10% benzyl benzoate emulsion 8 days apart. The primary endpoint was cure at day 28. Results Of the 186 patients included in the registry, 116 were included in the cohort. Fourteen patients were included in the cohort without being included in the registry, which led to a total of 130 patients in the cohort. At day 28, 119/130 (91.5%; 95% CI 85.4-95.6%) were clinically cured. The cure was confirmed by dermoscopy in 44/47 patients (93%). Among the 130 patients, the cure rate was 82% at week 12. Of the 119 patients cured at day 28, the rate of cure at week 12 was 89.9%. Conclusion In real life, two applications of 10% benzyl benzoate emulsion 8 days apart provides high cure rates in patients with common scabies.

Health is a blessing that is very important for humans, most of us, many of us don't really care about skin diseases caused by fungi such as tinea versicolor, water fleas, ringworm and scabies. In general, people are quite aware of how to deal with the symptoms of skin diseases suffered. But it would be better to include medical participation in detecting a disease symptom, because many disease symptoms are considered trivial by some people but can be fatal to human skin. So it is necessary to make an application based on medical knowledge to diagnose skin diseases in humans which is used as a tool in obtaining information about skin diseases in humans and provide recommendations as the first action that must be taken to repeat skin diseases in humans. The knowledge base is structured in such a way into a database with several tables. Drawing conclusions in this expert system using the forward chaining inference method. The expert system will provide questions to the user in the form of symptoms of several diseases and the user will answer these questions. Until the user will get a solution from the results of the question earlier.

Among the skin disorders of dogs, scabies is notable for its high occurrence rate and the need for veterinary interventions. There are two obstacles to making this diagnosis through direct investigation under a microscope (DIM): the continual need to make new slides when the results are negative and the long time needed for reading these slides. Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare efficacy between DIM and the technique of centrifugation-flotation in sucrose solution (CFSS) in samples from dogs in the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Samples from 136 dogs were used, and three slides were made for each examination (DIM and CFSS). The readings were halted in cases of positivity. Positive samples were obtained from 56.6% of the dogs (77/136), of which 76.6% (59/77) were positive through both techniques, 13% (10/77) only through DIM and 10.4% (8/77) only through CFSS. The positivity rate did not differ statistically between the techniques. CFSS showed higher quality of readings, due to the considerably fewer artifacts on the slides, thereby optimizing the reading time. Sensitivity (85.6%), specificity (88.1%), accuracy (86.8%), positive predictive value (88.1%) and negative predictive value (85.1%) were obtained and the kappa coefficient (0.73) was considered substantial. It was concluded that CFSS showed high diagnostic capacity for scabies, similar to that of DIM, with optimized reading time, fewer artifacts and better display of mites.

Background Background: While microscopy (MS) evaluation of skin scrapings has a 100% positive predictive value and specificity by definition for scabies diagnosis, it has low sensitivity. Dermoscopy (DS) has not yet been widely accepted for diagnosis, and long-term clinician training is required. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic validity of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as an adjunctive method for diagnosing scabies. Methods This was a prospective, single institution study, conducted on a total of 302 skin lesions from 50 patients suspected of scabies at Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital in Seoul, Korea. DS, MS, and cox1 nested PCR were performed on all patients. Results Of the 302 lesions, 145 (48.0%) were obtained at first visit and 157 (52.0%) were identified in the course of follow-up visits after treatment. For all lesions, DS and MS sensitivity levels were 55.9% (73/136) and 55.2% (75/136), respectively, with cox1 gene nested PCR considered as 100%. The results of DS and MS identification showed no difference between each other and showed significant difference from that of cox1 gene nested PCR. Conclusion Nested PCR detecting cox1 may be prospectively used to comprehensively diagnose lesions of scabies in clinical practice.