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A significant aspect of English learners’ language development process entails their participation in quality interactions about academic content during classroom instruction. The 2019 program evaluation of the English Language Development Office in County Public Schools (CPS), a public school district in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, indicated that English learners in CPS secondary schools infrequently engaged in quality interactions with classmates. To address the lack of quality interactions in academic discourse during content instruction, CPS facilitated professional learning for secondary content teachers about quality interactions for English learners. This sequential, mixed methods research study investigated the extent to which CPS secondary core content teachers transferred the quality interactions professional learning to their classroom instruction, as well as factors that facilitated or hindered this transfer of learning. Surveys, classroom observations, and interviews provided data about teachers’ implementation of their professional learning. Analysis of the data led to five findings. First, teachers reported varying levels of implementation of the quality interactions professional learning. Second, the level of implementation teachers reported did not necessarily align with classroom observations. Third, the design of teachers’ professional learning appeared to be related to their classroom implementation. Fourth, teachers’ beliefs might have supported and hindered the transfer of their professional learning to classroom instruction. Fifth, the demands of teaching could have hindered the transfer of teachers’ professional learning to their classroom instruction. Recommendations about how to proceed with the quality interactions professional learning initiative in CPS are based on these findings.

Direct Instruction (DI) teaches challenging academic content to a range of diverse learners. In order to do so, DI includes a complex system for organizing and directing teacher–student interactions to maximize learning. This system includes: instructional formats that specify the interactions between teacher and student, flexible skills-based groupings, active student responding, responsive interactions between students and teachers, ongoing data-based decision making, and mastery teaching. In this article, we describe each of these main features of the system, define their functions, reveal how they are interwoven throughout all DI lessons, and provide specific examples of their application during instruction. Our goal is to describe and clarify critical features of DI lesson presentation and teacher–student interaction so that instructional designers, teachers, and other practitioners can use existing DI programs effectively and include these features in newly developed programs.

This portfolio is a compilation of essays that describe what the writer has come to see as essential topics in second language acquisition. It begins with a professional environment piece, and then a teaching philosophy statement focused on student identity and interaction in the classroom. This is followed by an essay on observations of teaching. The next two sections focus on pragmatic resistance among advanced learners and the importance of preparing learners for peer interaction. The portfolio concludes with an annotated bibliography outlining the main concepts associated with Communicative Language Teaching, a method that is commonly employed in second language teaching.

Kurikulum 2013 menekankan pada proses pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa yang lebih menekankan pada keaktifan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Hal ini juga didukung oleh kecerdasan sosial yang dimiliki oleh siswa itu sendiri. Di mana kecerdasan sosial akan menentukan seseorang dalam besikap, terutama berinteraksi dengan orang lain, dan dapat berpartisipasi secara aktif dan bertanggung jawab, serta bertindak secara cerdas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kecerdasan sosial dapat dilihat dari siswa berinteraksi dengan orang lain dan siswa dapat membawa dirinya dengan baik dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Kemampuan siswa dalam berinteraksi dengan teman-temannya akan menjadi suatu motivasi dalam belajar. Oleh sebab itu siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan sosial yang tinggi, maka siswa akan memperoleh hasil belajar yangm aksimal. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara kecerdasan social dengan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey bertempat di SDN 18 Duren Sawit Jakarta Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama dua bulan, yaitu mulai bulan September sampai dengan bulan Oktober pada tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini berhasil menguji hipotesis yang menyatakan terdapat hubungan antara kecerdasan sosial dan hasil belajar sangat signifikan baik pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 maupun α = 0,01, dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,969. Oleh karena koefisien korelasi yang dihasilkan bernilai positif, maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan positif antara kecerdasan social dan hasil belajar siswa. Artinya, semakin tinggi kecerdasan sosial seorang anak maka akan semakin tinggi pula hasil belajarnya, dan sebaliknya semakin rendah kecerdasan sosial seorang anak, maka akan semakin rendah pula hasil belajaranya. Keberhasilan belajar inilah wujud dari kecerdasan social yang dimiliki oleh siswa tersebut. Oleh karena itu diharapkan setiap siswa dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan sosialnya. Kata kunci: Kecerdasan sosial, interaksi siswa, hasil belajar Abstract . Curriculum 2013 places emphasis on the learning process based on students who put more emphasis on active students in the learning process. It is also supported by the social intelligence which is owned by the students themselves. Where social intelligence will determine someone in attitude, especially interacting with others, and are able to participate actively and responsibly, as well as acting intelligently in a everyday life. Social intelligence can be seen of the students interact with other people and students can carry himself well in the life of society. Students ability in interacting with his peers will be a motivation in learning. Therefore, students who have high social intelligence, then the student will obtain the results of the study are maximum. The goal of this research is to find out whether or not there is a relationship between social intelligence by learning outcomes grade IV elementary school. This research used a survey method is housed in SDN 18 Duren Sawit in East Jakarta. The research was carried out over the past two months, that began in September and ended last October in the lesson 2016/2017. This research managed to test the hypothesis that States there is a connection between learning outcomes and social intelligence very significant at both the significance level α = 0.05 or α = 0.01, the correlation coefficient of 0.969. Based on the results correlation coefficient is positive, then it can be inferred, there is a positive relationship between the social intelligence and results of student learning. That is, the higher the social intelligence of a child it will be increasingly higher results of their learning, and instead the lower the social intelligence of a child, then it will be getting lower also the results of his studies. The success of learning this is a manifestation of social intelligence that is owned by the student. It is therefore expected that every student can improve his social intelligence. Keywords : Social Intelligence, student interactions, the results of the study

Student-instructor interactions have an influence on student achievement and perceptions of learning. In college and university settings, large introductory STEM courses are increasingly including Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL), an evidence-based technique associated with improved student achievement, recruitment, and retention in STEM fields, especially for underserved populations. Within this technique, peer leaders hold a unique position in a student’s education. Peer leaders have relevant experience in that they have had recent success in the courses in which they facilitate student learning, yet, compared to student-faculty or student-teaching assistant relationships, there is minimal imbalance of authority or power. Students might find their peer leaders to be more relatable than faculty or graduate teaching assistants, and may even consider them to be role models. We explored students’ perceptions of peer leader relatability and role model status in relation to students’ achievement and their perceived learning gains in the context of an introductory biology course with an associated PLTL program. The final course grades and self-assessed learning gains of PLTL students who felt they related to their peer leader were compared to those who did not. We also compared final course grades and self-assessed learning gains between PLTL students who viewed their peer leader as a role model versus those who did not. Self-reported learning gains were significantly higher for students who relate to their peer leader, as well as for students who viewed their peer leaders as a role model. There is some support that this trend is stronger for STEM majors versus those who are not enrolled in a STEM program, though the interaction is not significant. Significant differences in overall course grade were only observed between students who reported that they related to their peer leader versus those who did not relate to their peer leader.

Mathematics is the engine, vehicle, driver, and language of today’s initiatives, innovations, and human endeavors. In this mathematical-driven world, the ability to perform mathematical tasks and logical reasoning is also essential in solving quotidian tasks and problems. Therefore, mathematical competency and problem-solving skills are kept as an integral component in almost every educational curriculum around the globe. However, there are numerous stumbling blocks along the way to successful teaching, conducive learning environment, and good student performances in almost all disciplines, but more prevalent and visible in mathematics. The major concerns of educators responsible for teaching mathematics and mathematics-related courses are to find effective and innovative ways to deliver mathematical content, to extend the concepts and theories beyond the classrooms, to integrate mathematics with important concepts such as gamification, data mining, learning analytics, deep learning, and effective tools such as mobile devices, learning management systems, and digital technology, and to maintain a good record of students’ performance. In online deliveries, these concerns are further escalated due to no or limited one-to-one interactions and lack of face time, to mention a few. This article investigates the efficacy and effectiveness of traditional and innovative pedagogical practices used in online mathematic courses at the University of the South Pacific (USP). It examines the interdependence of embedded activities and students’ achievement. The results indicate that these online mathematics courses were highly dominated by conventional approaches and were less interactive and engaging, resulting in lower success rates when compared to the courses from other disciplines. To recommend possible ways to enhance the quality of learning and teaching in online mathematics courses, selected online courses from the information system discipline were explored. The reasons for the high online presence in the course were investigated and activities that could lead to collaborative and active learning beyond the passive materials were data mined. The evidence drawn from the statistical analysis highlights the importance of including selected interactive and engaging activities in online learning space of mathematics courses to promote student engagement and help create a sense of community among geographically dispersed students. Overall, based on the observations and theoretical foundation from literature, it can be said that including regular and frequent active assessment strategies, such as weekly quizzes and discussion forums, could extend and promote interactive and engaging learning in online learning space.

Digital technology offers new teaching methods with controversial results over learning. They allow students to develop a more active participation in their learning process although it does not always drive to unequivocal better learning outcomes. This study aims to offer additional evidence on the contribution of business simulation games to students' learning outcomes, considering student interactions in online discussion forums. We conducted a qualitative research with the online discussion forums of 5 different courses at bachelor and master levels, which involves 41 students' teams. The final sample was composed of 3681 messages posted by the students. The results reveal that some generic and specific managerial skills exert a positive influence on learning outcomes. Students mostly highlighted teamwork, decision-making, information processing, reaching agreements, and dealing with uncertainty as the most relevant contributions of the game towards their learning. These results have instructional and pedagogical implications for determining the best way to enhance students' motivation and learning outcomes when using digital technology methods, which involves recommendations that affect their design and monitoring.

Teacher–child interactions are the most important factor that determines the quality of early-childhood education. A systematic review was conducted to gain a better understanding of the nature of teacher–child interactions that multilingual children are exposed to, and of how they differ from teacher–child interactions of monolingual children. Thirty-one studies were included. The included studies (a) mainly focused on multilingual children with low language proficiency in the majority language and (b) hardly compared between monolingual and multilingual children. The review shows that teacher–child interactions of multilingual children are comparable to the interactions of monolingual children, although teachers do adopt different strategies to facilitate the development of multilingual children, such as the use of the home language and nonverbal communication to support understanding. Worryingly, several studies indicate that multilingual children are exposed to unequal learning opportunities compared with their monolingual peers.

In this work we introduce a novel graph-based approach to elicit students’ communities. Teaching, in the blended learning environment, is delivered as a mixture of online and offline activities. While the online activities can be tracked and analysed in the Virtual Learning Environment, the offline activities fall out of the educators’ control scope. In this educational setting, communications take place using side channels, such as the instant messaging applications and social network platform. Using our approach, the students’ groupings and social interactions can be elicited by analysing the student-system interactions. The co-occurrence of interactions among the students give information about their social connections. This conveys information useful to elicit the students’ interaction graph and the student communities contained in it. Students’ leader-follower community structure can be elicited starting from the interaction network. This can empower teachers to plan and revise their Learning Designs as well as to identify situations that need teacher’s intervention, e.g. students at risk of failing the exam and/or dropping the studies.

In this work we introduce a novel Learning Analytics approach to identify students’ communities. The introduction of Learning Management Systems in higher education requires the educators to plan their Learning Design (LD) process with the online scenario in mind. We examined the blended learning environment where this process takes place in the Virtual Learning Environment. This allows the educators to track most of the students’ individual activities, but the communications may be excluded from tracking since the students can use side communications channels, such as face-to-face communication, instant messaging and social network platforms. Our approach, using the student-system interactions histories, helps to discover hidden relationships among the students. The elicited information about students’ groupings and social interactions’ evolution over time can be used by educators to adapt and improve their LD process, to find associations between students’ social interactions and their academic performance, as well as to promote team-based learning.

This study adressed the students’ perceptions toward collaborative learning strategy in FLA-UKSW. This study attempted to answer the research question “What are students’ perceptions toward collaborative learning strategy in FLA-UKSW?”. There were fifty participants from each batch for this study. They were asked to complete a questionnaire related to perceptions in using collaborative learning strategy. The finding shows that the students claimed that collaborative learning strategy improved their academic benefits such as better comprehension and improved performance and acquaired generic skill –enhanced communications and problem solving skills. About half of the respondents believe this strategy helped gain their social skills in using collaborative learning strategy. This also explained about negative aspects that came from collaborative learning strategy.The findings of this study shows that collaborative learning strategy made students to become successful in learning activities and this would be beneficial for both students and lecturers.

The introduction and use of on-line learning resources has improved students learning process in several aspects. But at the same time, it also introduced more complexity and made more difficult to teachers how to analyze learning evolution and improvement of students. In this paper, we propose a first approach how to visualize and analyze student interaction with on-line learning systems and Virtual Learning Environments (VLE). We present a piece of software that collects information on the interaction of the students with the Moodle VLE and that it displays to teachers in a more analytical way. The interaction data is displayed to support teacher interpretation from a learning point of view, with the inclusion of automatically generated textual explanations about the analysis of such data.

Sri Lanka is increasingly seeking to ensure that its public school system not only delivers greater shares of students who have completed higher secondary and tertiary education, but also that all students obtain a much better education. Raising teacher effectiveness is considered as crucial for achieving these aims. This paper reviews the literature on teacher management in Sri Lanka, and points to what may be critical teacher management issues. The paper also outlines considerations and options for addressing these issues, informed by international evidence on approaches to improve teacher effectiveness.

This paper reports on the quality of early childhood education in rural Indonesia. On average, the paper finds that centers created under the Indonesia Early Childhood Education and Development Project provide higher quality services than other types of preschools, as measured by a comprehensive instrument of preschool quality based on direct observation of classrooms in session (the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised). The paper also examines the relationship between preschool quality and childrens early development using three commonly applied measures of quality: (i) the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised; (ii) teacher characteristics; and (iii) structural characteristics of preschool services, such as their size and amount of class time. First, correcting for measurement error using an instrumental variables approach, the findings suggest that preschool quality is a significant and meaningful positive predictor of childrens developmental outcomes. Second, the findings for teacher characteristics are mixed, suggesting that policies focused solely on hiring teachers based on experience and training will be insufficient to improve childrens learning. Instead, policies must address the quality of professional development activities for teachers. Third, the amount of class time spent in early childhood programs is a significant positive predictor of children’s developmental outcomes. This suggests that in rural Indonesia—where early childhood programs are relatively low dose—children are likely to benefit from attending longer hours of preschool, either playgroups or kindergartens. Lastly, the paper compares items in the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised with Indonesias national minimum service standards for early childhood education and development, and finds that the relationship between this alternative, context-appropriate measure of preschool quality and children’s development outcomes strongly corroborates the earlier conclusions.

The Haitian education system made substantial improvements in access over the last decade, such that today the majority of Haiti’s children are in school. Despite improvements, the primary education system is highly inefficient: children start primary school 2 years late on average, and fewer than 60 percent will reach the last grade of the cycle. At each school, classroom observations were conducted using the Stallings Classroom Snapshot instrument, and questions about the school calendar and daily schedule asked. The results provide a representative picture of class time and teacher classroom practice in the Nord and Nord Est departments, and while not representative of Haiti as a whole, do provide a starting point for better understanding the major constraint to achieving a high-quality education for all children: the quality of teacher instruction. Section two describes the sample of schools and the stallings instrument; sections three and four present the main results of the classroom observations on teacher time use and pedagogical practices; section five provides estimates of overall class time that students receive; and section six concludes.

International audience; To help students prepare for the resit exam of the mathematics Bagrut (Israeli matriculation) of 2013, the Center for Educational Technology established a virtual review session using Facebook, for four days before the exam. 614 students and 16 teachers participated. We examined three central questions, each about using Facebook to prepare for the mathematics Bagrut: What opportunities for learning were created? What are the students' opinions? What are the teachers' opinions? Analysis of the posts on Facebook revealed five types of situations with potential for learning. Answers to on-line questionnaires show that both students and teachers hold positive opinions towards the solution for learning provided by Facebook. We recommend researching opportunities for learning afforded by the social networks.

An exploratory study of undergraduate students enrolled in marketing courses at a Southeastern regional university was conducted to determine the motivations and characteristics of marketing students who plan to be online learners and examined for differences between those who have taken and those who have not taken online classes. An online survey of Likert scales, open-ended questions and demographic questions was sent via class learning management websites. A total of 165 students of the 438 invited to participate completed the survey. A structural model was developed using SMART-PLS to estimate the relationships of constructs that predict taking online courses. Results of the study showed differences in predictors of those that have taken online courses compared to those who plan on taking online courses. A significant predictor of those planning on taking online courses is quality of learning while a significant predictor of those who have taken online courses is scheduling and timing. The results can be used to examine ways to improve/enhance the student’s educational experience, as well as an institution’s effectiveness in attracting the growing body of online learners.

The present investigation, in fact, aims at shedding light on the importance of positive emotions resulted from positive teacher-student interactions in enhancing students’ involvement in their English language learning. A case study, thus, was carried out with third year secondary school students at Maliha Hammidou, Dr. Benzerdjeb, and Ahmed Benzekri schools within an exploratory research.

In this paper we analyse, with a perspective of mathematics education, a videotape showing two 9 th grade students cooperating to write instructions in order that other students could construct a circle tangent to the sides of a given angle. Our aim is to understand how they articulate with their geometric knowledge different semiotics means (mainly words and figures, freehand or drawn with usual instruments) in an evolving semiotic bundle so that the solution as well as the geometric knowledge progress. We also try to identify the way each student contributes to develop the semiotic bundle and how each contribution evolves in the course of their solving., Dans cet article, nous analysons d’un point de vue de didactique des mathématiques la vidéo d’un binôme d’élèves de troisième (14 à 15 ans) à qui il a été demandé d’écrire un programme de construction permettant à d’autres élèves du même niveau de construire un cercle tangent aux deux côtés d’un angle donné. Nous étudions la mobilisation par les élèves de différents moyens sémiotiques tels que les discours, les gestes, les tracés à main levée ou aux instruments, les différents regards sur les figures produites. Notre objectif est de comprendre comment ils coordonnent progressivement ces différents moyens sémiotiques avec leurs connaissances géométriques au sein d’un faisceau sémiotique qui évolue au cours de la résolution. Nous tentons aussi d’identifier le rôle joué par chacun des élèves dans le développement de ce faisceau sémiotique et la façon dont ces rôles évoluent au cours des échanges., Celi Valentina, Perrin-Glorian Marie-Jeanne. Articulation entre langage et traitement des figures dans la résolution d’un problème de construction en géométrie. In: Spirale. Revue de recherches en éducation, n°54, 2014. Langage, apprentissage et enseignement des mathématiques, sous la direction de Thomas Barrier et Anne-Cécile Mathé. pp. 151-174.

This dissertation examined the transactional distances that exist in an online histology laboratory course assessed through student interactions with the course content, instructors and fellow students. The interactions in the online course were compared to those in a face to face (F2F) course covering the same content. The student-content interactions were assessed through student course outcomes and lecture attendance. Results showed there were no differences in student performance on assessments between the course formats; however, overall student attendance levels were significantly greater in the online course. These results suggest that online students spent more time interacting with course content. It was also shown that there was a direct relationship between lecture attendance and course performance for both online and F2F students. With higher overall attendance rates and a correlation between lecture attendance and course performance, it would be expected that online students would have higher course outcomes compared to the F2F students. The fact that there were no differences in student outcomes suggests that some transactional distance still exists between online students and course content. Student-instructor interactions were examined through an assessment of student questions during the laboratory sessions. Results indicated that the transactional distance between the online students and instructor was lower than that with the F2F students with online students asking questions at higher rates. However, while technology allowed students to communicate synchronously with the instructor, online attendance patterns showed that students preferred to view archive recordings of the lectures, thus maintaining some transactional distance in the online course. The incorporation of synchronous peer teaching to the laboratories was an attempt to increase student-student interactions. Improved laboratory outcomes for both online and F2F students were shown; however, the impact was greater with the online students possibly due to the fact that F2F students were already engaging in informal peer teaching. Due to low survey response rates, it was not possible to show differences in the student’s perceived impact of peer teaching on group dynamics. While technology has improved the transactional distances in online courses, some transactional distances are maintained, often by student choice which is also enabled through technology.

In recent years, virtual learning environments, laptops, tablets and mobile devices have been introduced in the classroom. These technologies start a snowball effect: the old tools teachers used to fathom the students’ learning progress, since so much happens online, are not enough. Thus, the need for new tools to analyse the students’ activity on the online learning environments arises. The field of learning analytics can provide some of these tools. In this paper, we introduce the Student’s Progress Snapshot (SPS), a Learning Analytics Dashboard that allows teachers to analyse the activity of their students on Moodle courses. The SPS running as software as a service, includes both charts and automatically generated explanatory texts of these charts. During the academic course 2015–2016 a pilot was conducted to validate the SPS.

This research is based on collaborative learning processes using scaffolds. Specifically, we aim to ascertain whether there are any significant differences in students' results after following the same learning instructions for participating in a virtual forum in two different subjects. We also aim to analyse the mediator's role, the use of scaffolds, and if students have followed real metacognitive processes. A total of 104 university students were involved. The main findings of our study emphasise the importance of well-designed learning instructions for participating in a virtual forum, which could be applied to any subject. Moreover, students are more active in their learning process and collaborative communication if the lecturer plays an active role overseeing students' participation and guiding the construction of knowledge.