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Malnutrition and the overnutrition of children and adolescents is a severe problem in most countries. Aim of the study: Determination of fifteen-year changes in body height, and BMI in girls and boys living in towns and villages in eastern Polish voivodeships. In 2006, 2016, and 2021 a study was conducted on children and adolescents living in the Podlaskie, Lubelskie, and Podkarpackie voivodeships (7048 girls and 7686 boys aged 7–9 years). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on height and weight measurements. In the calendar age groups, arithmetic means and dissemination measures for body height and BMI were calculated on particular time periods of the study. The statistical significance of the differences between the groups was conducted using the ANOVA analysis of variance and the Newmann-Keuls test. From the research material, study participants exhibiting underweight, overweight and those falling within a normal range of weight-to-height proportions were selected taking into account places of residence (town, village). The statistical significance of the differences between the number of people classified into the above-described groups was determined using the χ² test. In the analysed period in groups of girls, a systematic increase in body height was observed. However, in boys, such tendency was found only in rural residents. In the period of 2006–2016, greater changes in BMI were found in girls from rural areas and boys from cities. The opposite observation was recorded in the 2016–2021 period. In the years between 2006 and 2021, the incidence of both underweight and normal BMI decreased, while the incidence of overweight and obesity increased. Our results indicate the need for conducting systematic research assessing the nutritional status of young people living in the Lubelskie and Podlaskie voivodships, as well as an in-depth analysis of the causes of malnutrition and undertaking educational activities.

本稿は，武家の統治拠点である城が膝下の町とどのような空間的関係にあったのかを，岐阜を事例に考察した。戦国期には山城と町が登城路によって結合されるものの，山麓居館は町と連続しなかった。織田・豊臣期には，経済特区の設定や方形街区・寺町の創出といった町の拡大事業が行われる一方で，山城と居館は独自に進化し，城・居館と町が統一的な都市プランの下に一体化を遂げることはなかった。山城が機能を止めると麓の居館周辺は農地化し，城に代わって近世の統治拠点となった御殿は，町に隣接した機能的・合理的な場所に新設された。, 第II部 論文, 本稿は，岐阜市ぎふ魅力づくり推進部文化財保護課編集の『史跡岐阜城跡 総合調査報告書I』(2021年3月発行)において，「岐阜における城下町の変遷とその特徴」として執筆した論考を，一部改稿の上で，再掲するものである。, Part II Articles

This article describes the experience of an interdisciplinary field study devoted to the examination of the collective memory of eyewitnesses of twinning ties of small towns of Sverdlovsk Region and the West Bohemian Region of Czechoslovakia in the 1960s–1990s. The study refers to five towns of the Middle Urals: Bogdanovich, Zarechny, Karpinsk, Pervouralsk, and Sysert. The theme of memory unites the efforts of historians and sociologists in the context of a general trend — the turn of society towards the local past, its assessment, and the formation of ideological positions for the present.The purpose of the article is to show the possibilities of historical and sociological understanding of twinning in the aspect of temporal dimensions. The choice and justification of methods for the applied study of the phenomenon of twinning ties is based on the methodology of collective memory: the category of “contextuality” of memory, described in the works of M. Halbwachs, J. Olick, is important for the authors; the study of memories of the recent past is carried out within the theory of the experience of the generation of K. Mannheim and M. Mead; the position of P. Hutton makes a significant basis about the measure of reproduction of the past; the “elaboration” of preliminary prejudices is built within the framework of the methodology of oral history.On the site of the Local History Museums of each of the five towns, round tables were held with participants of twinning ties. In addition, guests who had no such experience attended the events. The topic of interaction with residents of the Western Bohemian Region was proposed for discussion. It could be memories of trips to Czechoslovakia, or the arrival of the twin “brothers” in the Middle Urals. At the time of the events described, the participants of the round tables could perform various social roles., В данной статье описывается опыт междисциплинарного полевого исследования, посвященного изучению коллективной памяти участников побратимских связей малых городов Свердловской области с Западночешской областью Чехословакии 1960–1990-х гг. Исследование проведено на примере пяти городов Среднего Урала: Богдановича, Заречного, Карпинска, Первоуральска и Сысерти. Тема памяти объединяет усилия историков и социологов в контексте общей тенденции — поворота общества к локальному прошлому, его оценке и формированию мировоззренческих позиций для настоящего.Цель статьи — показать возможности историко-социологического осмысления побратимства в аспекте темпоральных измерений. Выбор и обоснование методов прикладного изучения феномена побратимских связей строились с опорой на методологию коллективной памяти: для нас была важна категория «контекстуальности» памяти, описанная в трудах М. Хальбвакса, Дж. Олика; изучение воспоминаний о недавнем прошлом осуществлялось в пределах теории опыта поколения К. Мангейма, М. Мид; значимым основанием явилось положение П. Хаттона о мере воспроизводства прошлого; «проработка» предварительных предубеждений строилась в рамках методологии устной истории.На площадке краеведческих музеев в каждом из пяти городов проводились круглые столы с участниками побратимских связей. Кроме того, на мероприятиях присутствовали гости, не имевшие такого опыта. К обсуждению предлагалась тема взаимодействия с жителями Западночешской области. Это могли быть воспоминания о поездках в Чехословакию либо о приезде побратимов на Средний Урал. Участники круглых столов на момент описываемых событий могли занимать различные социальные роли.

Der vorliegende Artikel unternimmt eine dekolonisierende Spurensuche im post(real)sozialistischen Raum Cottbus. Inspiriert durch post- und dekoloniale Städteinitiativen lokalisieren wir verschiedene Erinnerungsorte in der Stadt. Wir zeigen, wie der post(real)sozialistische urbane Raum, der aus der DDR hervorgegangen ist, auf ambivalente Weise in eine koloniale Matrix eingebunden ist. Wir rekonstruieren, wie diese spezifische Kolonialität/Modernität zur sozialen Hierarchisierung von sozialen, ökonomischen und epistemischen Beziehungen führte. Die ambivalente Positionierung der DDR, die einerseits koloniale Machtverhältnisse fortsetzte, diesen gleichzeitig entgegentrat sowie selbst von Prozessen der Abwertung betroffen war, konzeptualisieren wir als urbane imperiale Differenz. Wir argumentieren, dass die Aufarbeitung der Prozesse von Rassialisierung im (real)sozialistischen urbanen Raum wichtig ist, um gegenwärtige rechtsextreme, zuwanderungsfeindliche und rassistische Bewegungen besser verstehen zu können. This paper reflects on present and future strategies for decolonising the post(real)socialist city. Inspired by the demands of postcolonial and decolonial urban initiatives, we localise different sites of remembrance in the urban context. We show how the post(real)socialist urban space that emerged from the German Democratic Republic (GDR) ambivalently incorporated a colonial matrix. We conceptualise the ambivalent positioning of the GDR, which simultaneously continued and opposed colonial power relations, and was itself affected by processes of devaluation via urban imperial difference. We argue that it is important to reconstruct the processes of racialisation in the post(real)socialist urban space in order to better understand and oppose contemporary right wing and racist movements.

Les relations entre les transformations des paysages du val de Blois et le développement de la ville de Blois ne sauraient être comprises sans être étudiées avec les regards croisés d’archéologues, géoarchéologues, géophysiciens et historiens. Une telle démarche interdisciplinaire a été entreprise depuis 2013 dans le cadre d’un Projet collectif de recherche, en examinant la vaste plaine alluviale blésoise et le lit mineur, la Loire. C’est donc à la connaissance du milieu, pleinement transformé par les sociétés et l’action de l’eau, que l’on accède sur une grande surface. Les travaux ont permis d’identifier plusieurs franchissements de la Loire. Or, franchir la Loire à Blois est un enjeu stratégique, économique et politique qui dépasse bien souvent les seuls intérêts locaux. L’archéologie préventive a montré que le val de Blois est un territoire occupé sans interruption depuis au moins le IIIe siècle avant notre ère. C’est un espace caractérisé par ses croisements d’axes de communication, voie fluviale et carrefour de voies terrestres. Ainsi, le franchissement, quelle que soit sa forme (gué ou pont), est un point de rencontre très important qui pourrait avoir été à l’origine de la fixation de l’habitat et avoir favorisé l’émergence du phénomène urbain dans ce lieu. Dès la création de l’agglomération vers la fin du Ier siècle avant notre ou au tout début du Ier siècle de notre ère, cette configuration lui confère une place spécifique, et par nature singulière, dans le réseau urbain local et régional. The relationship between the transformations of the Blois Valley landscape and the development of the town of Blois cannot be understood without being studied from the combined perspectives of archaeologists, geoarchaeologists, geophysicists and historians. Such an interdisciplinary approach has been undertaken since 2013 as part of a collective research project, examining Blois’ vast alluvial plain the Loire’s minor river bed. The combined knowledge of this environment, fully transformed by societies and the action of water, has provided access to a large surface area. This work has enabled us to identify several routes across the Loire; however, crossing the Loire at Blois is a strategic, economic and political issue that often goes beyond local interests. Preventive archaeology has shown that the Blois Valley has been occupied without interruption since at least the 3rd century BC. It is an area characterised by its crossroads of communication routes, both river and land. The crossing, either by ford or bridge, is therefore an important meeting point, which could have been at the origin of the settlement and may have favoured the emergence of an urban phenomenon here. From the creation of the settlement towards the end of the 1st century BC or at the very beginning of the 1st century AD, this configuration gives it a specific and singular place in the local and regional urban network. Sólo una perspectiva cruzada entre arqueólogos, geoarqueólogos, geofísicos e historiadores permite comprender el estudio de las relaciones entre las transformaciones de los paisajes del valle de Blois y el desarrollo de la ciudad de Blois. Un procedimiento interdisciplinario de este tipo se ha llevado a cabo desde 2013 en el marco de un proyecto colectivo de investigación, durante el cual se ha estudiado la amplia llanura aluvial de Blois y el lecho menor, el río Loira. Es por el conocimiento del medio, el cual ha sido completamente transformado por las sociedades y la acción del agua, que se accede a una gran superficie. Las obras han permitido identificar numerosos franqueos del Loira. Ahora bien, cruzar el Loira en Blois constituye un verdadero desafío estratégico, económico y político, que supera a menudo los simples intereses locales. La arqueología preventiva ha demostrado que el valle del Blois es un territorio que ha sido ocupado ininterrumpidamente desde, a lo menos, el siglo III antes de nuestra era. Se trata de un espacio caracterizado por sus cruces de ejes de comunicación, vía fluvial y encrucijada de vías terrestres. Así, cualquiera sea la forma del franqueo -un vado o un puente- constituye un punto de encuentro muy importante, que puede haber sido el origen de la sedentarización del hábitat y haber favorecido el surgimiento del fenómeno urbano en ese lugar. Desde la creación de la aglomeración, hacia fines del siglo I antes de nuestra era o a comienzos del siglo I de nuestra era, esta configuración le ha otorgado un lugar específico, e intrínsecamente particular, dentro de la red urbana local y regional.

Modelling a 3D city poses an interesting challenge. To create a virtual city, a road pattern has to be designed and a large number of buildings need to be generated. Every urban place has a road network, often a superimposed pattern plan that serves a population density and buildings which follow statutory rules. This patterned behaviour of the city is why it is possible to develop rules or “computational instructions,” to generate city models. In this article, we are going to discuss how to use procedural modelling and CityEngine, a rule-based application commonly used in the movie industry and gaming to produce vast realistic cityscapes, for regional and urban planning via an urban analytics approach. Unlike cinema’s imaginary worlds, cities have real-life population dependencies that need to be modelled for the development of planning scenarios. The goal is then to use the generative properties of the procedural modelling approach, along with population prediction models, to create informed 3D city scenarios. Instead of designing solutions, the user can use interactive parameters to affect the 3D model globally, thus enabling virtual cities to become active simulators for planning. Using urban analytics and generative environments, procedural cities may be able to create a “teaser” of different versions of how the city would look like in the future.

Cet ouvrage collectif appartient à la collection des Brill’s Companions to European History (29 volumes à ce jour). Ces ouvrages proposent à la fois une synthèse des connaissances et un aperçu de la recherche récente concernant l’histoire médiévale ou moderne d’une ville (plus rarement, d’une région) de l’espace européen. Pour le monde islamique, trois ouvrages ont précédemment traité de la Sicile (vol. 5, 2013), de Tolède (vol. 16, 2018) et de Grenade (vol. 24, 2021) à l’époque médiévale. A ...

Die Anwendung von Go-Along-Interviews ermöglicht einen integrierten Methodenmix, bei dem qualitative Interviews mit teilnehmender Beobachtung kombiniert werden, um die analytische Verknüpfung von Diskursen und Praktiken zu erleichtern. Ihre besondere Sensitivität für die räumliche Einbettung und Reflexion sozialer Prozesse wurde in diversen Forschungskontexten erprobt und beschrieben. Anhand unserer Forschung zu Stadtnaturbeziehungen bei Lockdown-Spaziergängen wollen wir diese methodologischen Diskurse fortführen und den Mehrwert von Go-Along-Interviews insbesondere für die sozial-ökologische und transdisziplinäre Forschung herausarbeiten. Die Corona-Lockdowns dienten uns dabei als Brennglas, um die in den alltäglichen Spaziergängen habitualisierten Naturinteraktionen aufzuspüren und subjektive Bedeutungen der Stadtnatur erfahrbar und kommunizierbar zu machen. Mittels konkreter Episoden unserer Interviews reflektieren wir methodische Besonderheiten von Go-Along-Interviews wie die Generierung von Erzählungen, die Einbeziehung von materiellen Umwelten und nicht-menschlichen Akteuren, die Erschließung von Erinnerungen und Erfahrungen, das Nachvollziehbarmachen von Bewertungen und die Ermöglichung einer Selbstreflexion. Diesen Potenzialen stellen wir spezifische Herausforderungen der Anwendung von Go-Along-Interviews im Hinblick auf die Zugänglichkeit des Interviewraums, die Dynamik der Interviewsituation sowie das veränderte Verhältnis zwischen Interviewer*in und Interviewpartner*in gegenüber. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Herausforderungen können Go-Along-Interviews sowohl das sozialwissenschaftliche Methodenspektrum der Stadtnaturforschung als auch naturwissenschaftliche Beschreibungen der Stadtökologie maßgeblich bereichern. Dieser analytische Mehrwert wird ergänzt durch eine besondere Anschlussfähigkeit an transdisziplinäre, partizipative und transformative Forschung., The application of go-along interviews allows an integrated mix of methods, combining qualitative interviews with participant observation. This facilitates linking discourses and practices. The method's particular sensitivity to the spatial embeddedness and reflection of social processes has been evaluated and described in various research contexts. In our article, we highlight the added value of go-along interviews for social-ecological and transdisciplinary research. The COVID-19 lockdowns and their effects on everyday practices of urban residents served as a lens to trace interactions with nature that have been habitualized into everyday walks. Discussing specific episodes from our interviews, we reflect on methodological features of go-along interviews, such as generating narratives, considering material environments and non-human actors, opening up memories and experiences, reconstructing evaluations, and enabling self-reflection. We contrast these potentials with specific challenges in the application of go-along interviews, especially with regard to the accessibility of the interview space, the methodical requirements of the dynamic interview situation, and the altered relationship between interviewer and interviewee. Considering these challenges, conducting go-along interviews can significantly enrich both, the scientific descriptions of urban ecology and the methodological spectrum of research on urban nature. Furthermore, go-along interviews provide a conceptual proximity to transdisciplinary, participatory, and transformative research.

In this article I reconstruct the place narrative of the Rum community (Greeks of Turkey) in Fener, Istanbul through unrest, displacement, and gentrification, and how the urban fabric, everyday life, and encounters transformed through different phases of urban change. Fener was a neighbourhood where cultural groups coexisted with mutual respect. This environment started to deteriorate when societal unrest towards non-Muslims resulted in a city-wide assault in 1955 and a subsequent displacement of many non-Muslims from the neighbourhood. The neighbourhood decayed and later became an attractive spot for gentrifiers because of its multicultural history. This implicated a massive physical change after an unimplemented regeneration project leading to gentrification. I theorize this narrative mainly based on Whitehead’s “permanences,” the stabilities in the physical and non-physical presence of Rums in Fener and Bhabha’s “in-between temporalities” as complements of permanences, defining space-time envelopes that signify both adjustment and resilience, but also amnesia as a result of urban unrest through social and physical change. The Rum urban narrative provides a complex story of challenged community identity; therefore, it necessitates the use of several qualitative research methods: interviews with older residents, historical investigation with documentation, and personal observation. The study results show that the Rum community’s daily practices and placeworlds were lost; however, the community remembers permanences better than in-between temporalities. Linking fragmented narratives by reconstructing them fights cultural amnesia and leads to a better connection with place and past contexts.

Solid waste management represents a challenge for municipalities, particularly at the collection stage. The high costs involved in its operation make it difficult to provide the service in all its communities, which results in bad practices (burning, burying, or dumping into a river) and the proliferation of open dumps. Collection efficiency is aggravated by poor route planning, narrow road networks, and irregular scheduling. This research proposes and develops the following objectives: (1) an analysis of the technical and logistical conditions of a town, (2) an improved municipal route for waste collection, and (3) the practical implications identified in the optimization of the service (challenges, strategies, and perspectives). During the study period (2018, 2019 and 2021), the following steps were carried out: (1) field trips to monitor the formal and informal routes, georeferencing each stop with a global positioning system, (2) semi-structured interviews to route personnel to learn about technical and logistical aspects, (3) the downloading of cartographic data for digitization, and (4) a network analysis aimed at designing an optimal route for formal collection and the spatial scope of the informal routes. The current technical and logistical analysis detected inefficiency in collection due to weak municipal operational planning and the irregular frequency of visits to the locality. The locality produces an average of 2.8 tons per day and its largest volume is organic waste (68.3%), followed by non-recyclable inorganic waste (21.2%), and recyclable waste (10.5%). In terms of results for the optimization of the municipal collection route, it is estimated that there will be an improvement in the time of the day of approximately 2 h less, going through 95 points when its schedule is 60 collection points, while the distance factor does not suffer changes due to the fact that there are no alternate routes between the departure and destination route. Among the main challenges faced by the municipalities are the limited budgets for basic sanitation services, which is why technological strategies and trained human resources are required for better municipal solid waste management. From a technical perspective, geographic information systems are a current trend to model and optimize service routes, with which a better scenario can be proposed. From a social perspective, community participation works as a key factor to carry out activities focused on finding solutions to the problems related to municipal solid waste management.

Ältere Menschen übernehmen vielfältige Aufgaben in Familie und Gesellschaft. Hierzu gehört beispielsweise die Betreuung von Enkelkindern, die Pflege und Unterstützung pflegebedürftiger Angehöriger, die Ausübung ehrenamtlicher Tätigeiten und politische Partizipation. Inwieweit ältere Menschen diese Aufgaben übernehmen, hängt auch von den jeweiligen Rahmenbedingungen ab, die sich zwischen städtischen und ländlichen Räumen unterscheiden können. Das Fact Sheet zeigt anhand der Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS) 2020/21, zu welchen Anteilen sich Menschen zwischen 60 und 90 Jahren in städtischen und ländlichen Räumen in Deutschland aktiv einbringen.

Einsames Sterben und ein sozial unbegleitetes Lebensende sind alltägliche, doch häufig verborgene soziale Probleme. In einer vielschichtigen sozialwissenschaftlichen Analyse verknüpft die Autorin Erkenntnisse der Einsamkeits-, Sterbe- und Ungleichheitsforschung im städtischen Raum zu innovativen Ergebnissen. Sie veranschaulicht die Ambivalenzen eines einsamen und unentdeckten Todes als Endpunkt einer abwärts gerichteten Spirale der Einsamkeit und sozialen Isolation bzw. Exklusion. Die Feldforschung in einem sterbenden Sozialraum gibt marginalisierten Menschen das Wort, die sonst nicht gehört werden, und lässt die Leser*innen teils beklommen zurück.

Solidarische Stadtbewegungen greifen globale Problemlagen und damit einhergehende Fluchtbewegungen auf und explorieren Visionen für ein inklusives Zusammenleben. Dieser Beitrag gibt Einblick in Idee und Praxis von solidarischen Stadtbewegungen und reflektiert mögliche Beziehungen dieser Bewegungen und der Sozialen Arbeit im Rahmen von Popular Social Work.

My thesis is about the town of Budyně nad Ohří, the central point of the topic will be the history of the town, but also the castle, which is inherently part of the town. The focus of my thesis will lie on the history and development of the town. In this part I will draw mainly on a regional work from a teacher in Antonín Janda. Next the work will be based on primary documents, which I will search in registers and diplomats. In the work there is also information about noble families that resided on Budyně, specifically I will deal with Zajíc z Házmburku, Šternberků and last but not least Ditrichštejn, I will not leave out the smaller house of Herberstein. I also deal with other castles and towns around Budyně nad Ohří. I have included the town of Budyně in the wider context of northern Bohemia and also in contrast with similarly large towns. The main content of the work is about the medieval history of the town and also deals with medieval towns in general terms the ways of their creation and also how they were important for medieval man. In one part I also try to describe the difference in the perception of towns in Antiquity and in the Middle Ages. The last part of the work is devoted to creating a didactic walk directly in the town. Here I am theoretically based on publications devoted to...

My diploma thesis is focused on the foundational activities of the Markvartic family which is one of the most prominent families in Northern Bohemia of its time. In terms of the investigated area and period, the diploma thesis is a continuation of the author's bachelor thesis which was focused on the foundational activities of the House of Wartenberg which had a common ancestor with the Markvartic family. The work's focus is the evaluation of relics of preserved buildings in historical and cultural context, where their original feature was changed by later building measures. Every object will be described and analyzed using secondary literature, material and literary sources. The result of this method will be a short synthesis including the outline buildings stages of objects and their style evaluation. This method will be applied on the background of historical contexts, which represent connections of the Markvartics and royal court and the Cisterciensis, Dominicans and Johanites Order.

This article presents the results of studying the urban environment of Karabakh in the post-war period. The purpose of the study is to develop promising methods of building Karabakh, taking into account all the features of the city. Objective prerequisites for the formation of new models of residential buildings and multifunctional complexes are revealed. The article analyzes the development of the planning structure of the city, the formation of its status and specific features. The project proposals of various years and the modern concept of the city development are analyzed. Based on the approved modern concept of the development of Karabakh, the proposed models can solve the issue of the development of the region's housing stock for both local residents and tourists., В данной статье представлены результаты изучения городской среды Карабаха в послевоенный период. Цель исследования – разработка перспективных методов застройки Карабаха с учетом всех особенностей города. Выявлены объективные предпосылки формирования новых моделей жилых зданий и многофункциональных комплексов. В статье анализируется развитие планировочной структуры города, формирование его статуса и специфических особенностей. Анализируются проектные предложения различных годов и современная концепция развития города. Основываясь на утвержденной современной концепции развития Карабаха, предлагаемые модели могут решить вопрос развития жилого фонда региона как для местных жителей, так и для туристов.

Since its introduction, the concept of “nature-based solutions” has gained much attention, drawing public funds and private investments. Nature-based solutions conceptualise the use of nature in planning as a cost-efficient and sustainable means to address societal, economic, and ecological challenges. However, this “triple win” premise tends to conceal potentially resulting injustices, such as displacement through green gentrification. While these injustices have attracted the attention of environmental justice scholars, as exemplified by the “just green enough” approach, links to the “nature-based solutions” concept are mostly implicit. Further, the concept of environmental privilege, questioning who benefits from created natural amenities, has rarely been taken up. This article, therefore, argues that environmental justice should be linked closely to nature-based solutions. Supported by a theoretical perspective, the article aims at exploring who benefits from, and who loses out on, urban nature-based solutions processes. It builds on a qualitative literature review of the scholarly landscape on environmental justice and urban greening while linking to nature-based solutions, adding perspectives of environmental privilege. In this, it attempts to offer three important contributions to the current academic discussion. First, the article provides an overview of the debate on urban greening, (in)justice, and environmental privilege. Second, it relates the concept of nature-based solutions to the debate on environmental justice, opening nature-based solutions up for critique and conceptual refinements. Third, it outlines a way forward for reframing nature-based solutions through the lens of environmental justice and privilege. Thus, this article provides a starting point for further discussions on the implementation of just nature-based solutions in cities.

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that youth identify as contributing to alcohol consumption, and more specifically its relation to risky sexual behaviour among youth. We employed an exploratory qualitative method using focus group discussions with 34 young people between the ages of 18-25-years-old in low socio-economic status communities in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Data were analyzed thematically utilizing Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-step thematic analysis process. We identified two thematic domains pertaining to alcohol consumption and risky sexual behaviour, namely individual and social factors, each comprising three themes. The individual factors thematic domain comprises intrapersonal influences, employment and educational attainment; while the social factors thematic domain includes interpersonal influences, social influences, and hope for the future. Youth living in low socio-economic status communities were thought to be at greater risk of alcohol misuse and subsequent risky behaviour, given the political and social history of marginalisation, systematic oppression, and social inequality. To address alcohol use and risky sexual behavior among youth, we recommend interventions with adolescents, parents or guardians, and the community. More specifically, interventions aimed at adolescents should focus on the transition to young adulthood. Interventions with parents should focus on their role in modelling and potentially regulating alcohol consumption. Finally, community interventions should centre on drinking behaviors, levels of drinking, what constitutes harmful drinking, and how to identify when treatment and recovery support is likely to be required.

In his scientific and political work, Dragoljub Jovanović was interested, more than in anything else, in issues of the village and the peasantry. There is a large and diverse number of topics and problems elaborated by D. Jovanović within the mentioned question. The paper will discuss Jovanović's views on the village and the city, i.e. differences and interdependence between these two types of settlements. We have tried to see Jovanović's understanding of the relationship between the village and the town at several levels, bearing in mind that in his papers the town almost always appears in the service of a better understanding of the village and the peasant. The paper is based on the analysis of Dragoljub Jovanović's available papers, as well as the literature that deals with the author's life and work. Where necessary, we have also considered other relevant literature related to the topic of the paper. Taking into account the fact that D. Jovanović's work is insufficiently known in the field of sociology, the aim of the research was to find relevant sociological insights of this author into the relationship between the village and the town. We believe this is also supported by the fact that a great deal of these considerations is still relevant today.

This thematic issue puts “urban commoning” centre stage. Urban commoning constitutes the practice of sharing urban resources (space, streets, energy, and more) through principles of inclusion and cooperation. Whilst generally defined as an autonomous, bottom‐up, and most of all cooperative practice, the sphere of the commons necessarily stands in interaction with two other spheres: the state/city (“provision”) and the market (“competition”). Yet, the various interlinkages between the commons, the state/city, and the market are underexplored. Hence the rationale for this thematic issue: How does the relation between commons, states/cities, and markets play out in the urban realm? What are the possibilities and pitfalls of linking commons with states/cities and markets? In the first section of this editorial, we provide a substantiated introduction to the concept of the commons, its history, and its urban applications. In the second part, we give an overview of the issue’s contributions. Scholars, activists, and practitioners from the disciplines of urban studies, cultural studies, planning, sustainability, sociology, architecture, and philosophy delve into the uncharted territory between commons, states/cities, and markets, through case studies from the Global North and South. The first three articles delve into the politics of urban commoning while the last three articles illuminate the practice’s aesthetic dimension.

Public space is an essential social infrastructure for the continuous negotiation of city life and democracy because it offers (ideally) an interactive platform for people from diverse social and cultural backgrounds and the forms of public life they cherish. This contribution inquires how public space’s design and materiality play a fundamental role in popular struggles for social justice. By focusing on the differentiated access of women to public space, the role of gender in its design, and appropriation through a feminist intersectionality lens, this article aims to understand better the complex interplay between urban space and its non‐human material agency vis‐à‐vis citizen mobilizations, movements, and socially engaged art interventions. Drawing from extensive participant observation and spatial analysis, the exemplary public space of Shahbag Chattwar (a public square/plaza) will shed light on the “gendered spatiality” of pivotal popular mobilizations and reclamations from the historical momentum of the 1952 language movement, over the 2013 contemporary Shahbag protests, and to the 2020 anti‐metro rail protests at the Dhaka University campus. Analyzing urban space as a “palimpsest,” this research reflects on both historic and ongoing scenarios of popular protests as they repeatedly occupy public space and leave spatial traces through spatial design and art. In sum, the article seeks to gain insight into public space as a principal site of contestation and negotiation of juxtaposed layers of gendered dynamics, civil rights, secularism, and fundamentalism.

Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, czy wielkość miejscowości zamieszkania ma wpływ na deklaracje odnoszące się do wyróżnionych wartości związanych z rodziną, które w istotny sposób orientują działanie człowieka i tym samym tworzą zasady życia społecznego. Tekst napisano w oparciu o wtórną analizę danych statystycznych na podstawie zintegrowanego zbioru danych European Value Study/World Value Survey 2017-2021. Rezultaty badania wskazują, że różnice istotne statystycznie pomiędzy wielkością miejscowości pojawiły się w przypadku wszystkich zmiennych dotyczących rodzicielstwa. Mieszkańcy mniejszych miejscowości okazywali się bardziej konserwatywni. Zależność istotna statystycznie nie wystąpiła w przypadku deklaracji dotyczącej zaufania do rodziny. W przypadku niektórych odpowiedzi odnoszących się do postrzegania ról płciowych pojawiły się również istotne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy mieszkańcami mniejszych i większych miejscowości. Wartości i normy są inne w zależności od kultury, w której się wychowujemy. Kontrola społeczna jest silniejsza w mniejszych miejscowościach, tam bowiem trudniej pozostać anonimowym. Badanie potwierdziło, że wielkość miejscowości zamieszkania w wielu przypadkach istotnie statystycznie różnicuje wartości Polaków związane z rodziną i właśnie mieszkańcy mniejszych miejscowości częściej okazywali się przywiązani do koncepcji bardziej tradycyjnych, konserwatywnych. The purpose of the article is to determine whether the size of the place of residence influences the declarations regarding the distinguished values related to the family. The text is based on analysis of secondary statistical data - the integrated European Value Study/World Value Survey 2017-2021. The results of the study indicate that statistically significant differences, in regards to the size of the place of residence, occurred to all variables regarding parenthood factor. Small towns inhabitants turned out to be more conservative. There was no statistically significant dependence in the context of the declaration of trust in the family. Not with all of them, but with some of the answers relating to the perception of gender roles, there were also statistically significant differences between the inhabitants of different sizes of towns. Values and norms are different depending on the culture in which we are brought up. Social control is stronger in smaller towns, as it is more difficult to remain anonymous there. The study confirmed that the size of the place of residence, in many cases, statistically significantly differentiates the values related to the polish family, and the inhabitants of smaller towns turned out to be more often committed to the more traditional, conservative values.

In this study, based on the question of what the concept of ‘urban areas and administration’ and the concept of ‘urban administrative area’, which are within the scope of local administrations of the civil administration, indicate in the civil administration systematic, it is aimed to reveal the place of 'town settlements' in administrative classification with administrative geography analyses. As per this purpose, the work plan is as follows: 1. Introduction, 2. Conceptualization of “urban/city” and “urban area”, 3. Distinction between rural and urban areas, 4. “the concept of territorial boundaries and the administration of space” and “urban administrative area phenomenon” under the main heading of administrative classification of settlements in Turkey, 5. Research results and recommendations. Within the context of the administrative geography analyses and the findings obtained as a result of the analyzes of the concept of 'urban area', the criteria used in the distinction between rural and urban and the administrative classification of the settlements, it has finally been concluded that the generalization of settlements in town status, which can show village, town and city characteristics in Turkey, under the title of "urban/city administrative areas" is not suitable for the administrative geography approach and should be analysed under the title of "towns"., Bu çalışmada, mülki idarenin yerel yönetimler kapsamı içerisinde yer alan ‘şehirsel alanlar ve idaresi’ konusu ile ‘şehirsel idari alan’ kavramının mülki idare sistematiğinde nereleri ifade ettiği sorunsalı üzerinde; ‘kasaba yerleşmelerinin’ idari coğrafya analizleri ile idari sınıflamadaki yerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde çalışma planı 1. Giriş, 2. “Şehir /kent’ ve “şehirsel alan” kavramsallaştırmaları, 3. Kırsal ve şehirsel alan ayrımı, 4. Türkiye’de yerleşmelerin idari bakımdan sınıflandırılması ana başlığı altında “mülki sınır kavramı ve mekânın idaresi” ile “şehirsel idari alan olgusu” 5. Araştırma sonuçları ve önerileri şeklindedir. İdari coğrafya analizleri ile ‘şehirsel alan’ kavramı, kır ve şehir ayrımında kullanılan kıstaslar ve yerleşmelerin idari bakımdan sınıflandırılmasına ilişkin analizler sonucu elde edilen bulgular kapsamında Türkiye’de köy, kasaba ve şehir özellikleri gösterebilen belde statüsündeki yerleşmelerin “şehirsel /kentsel idari alanlar” başlığı altında genelleştirilmesinin idari coğrafya yaklaşımına uygun olmadığı ve ‘beldeler’ başlığı altında analiz edilmesi gerektiği nihai sonucuna varılmıştır.

In the recent past, the question of determining the optimal city size in relation to the quality of urban life (QoUL) was raised of city inhabitants. This article has evaluated the correlation of the QoUL index in cities in relation to the number of inhabitants. We also deal with selected variables for which we assume a relationship with QoUL. The authors who calculated the indices of the quality of urban life equated the quality of life with its objective dimension considered as the quality of the place. It turned out that growth in the number of inhabitants of Slovak cities did not correlate with improving quality of life. Our article examined QoUL in two different countries on a scale of 0–10 through questionnaires. The obtained values are a subjective assessment. From a global point of view, one city is small and the other is big. The small city achieved better results in international rankings of quality of life, and it was assumed that this fact would also be reflected in the quantification of the quality of urban life. One hypothesis was that a small city will achieve better urban life quality values than a large city. The paper presents the results of measurement and correlation.

[ES] La Matriarca es un guion para una serie de ficción. El principal objetivo de este proyecto es la creación de una serie en la cual se muestren las tradiciones de los pueblos españoles a través de personajes complejos y una historia entretenida. Este trabajo está enfocado en una de las primeras fases de un proyecto audiovisual: la escritura del guion. De esta forma planteamos la idea principal, desarrollamos una ficha técnica, realizamos un diseño de personajes y escribimos el primer capítulo. Además, también trabajamos en un mapa de tramas para mostrar el rumbo que sigue la serie e incluimos una pequeña propuesta visual que contiene localizaciones y casting. Con este relato se pretende dar visibilidad a las costumbres de los pueblos españoles en su día a día de forma que la gente originaria de pueblos pueda verse representada de una forma más actual. También es un homenaje a las costureras, un oficio que, en muchas ocasiones ha pasado de generación en generación, de madres a hijas, y que es muy común en los pueblos. Además de contar con personajes femeninos fuertes que harían cualquier cosa por proteger a su familia., [EN] La Matriarca is an original script for a fiction series. The aim of this Project is the creation of a series that shows the traditions of the Spanish peoples through complex characters and an entertaining story. This work is focused on one of the first phases of an audiovisual Project: the writing of the script. In this way we propose the main idea, develop a technical file, we make a character design and write the first chapter. In addition, we also work on the plot map to show the direction that the series is following and include a small visual proposal that shows locations and casting. This story it is intended to give visibility to the customs of the Spanish towns in their day to day so that the people from towns can see themselves represented in a more current way. It is also a tribute to the seamstresses, a trade that in many occasions, has passed from generation to generation, from mothers to daughters, and that is very common in the villages. In addition to having strong female characters who would do anything to protect their family.

This is review copy of an article: Gwiazda, M., Derda, T., andBarański, T. (2022). From Roman industrial centerto early Islamic town: archaeological excavationsat Philoxenite/ʻMarea’ in the 2020–2021 season.Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 31. https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537X.pam31.08&nbsp

Introduction. In modern Economics, one of the most common and simplest methods of analyzing the balance of urban settlement systems is to assess their compliance with Zipf's law or the rank–size rule. The basis of this pattern is the relationship between urban population and its place in the hierarchy of towns ranked in descending order of size. Based on the results of the study conducted, the article assesses the balance of the urban settlement system of the European North Russia, as one of its regions, by analyzing its compliance with Zipf’s law. Materials and Methods. The official data from the Federal State Statistics Service on the population of towns in the European North of Russia for 1959, 1989 and 2019 were used as materials of the study. The method of constructing a linear regression between the logarithm of the actual population and the logarithm of the rank of the town was used to verify Zipf's law for the urban network of the region in a certain period. In order to substantiate the conclusions drawn, an analysis of the dynamics of the number of towns and the share of the population living in them was carried out. The monographic method, as well as the methods of tabular and graphical data visualization, was used to interpret the results of the calculations. Results. Based on the analysis of data on the application of the rank–size rule for the towns in the European North of Russia, it has been found that Zipf’s law was not fully observed in any time period, which indicates the imbalance of the existing urban settlement system. In the period from 1959 to 2019, there was an increase in the concentration of the population in the major cities of the region. The imbalance is also caused by the growing number of small towns with a population that does not correspond to the optimal value according to Zipf's law. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the calculations, the author has come to the conclusion that the cities of Arkhangelsk and Cherepovets have the potential for growth, as well as some others with a population of up to 100 thousand people. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained to prognosticate the population of towns in the European North of Russia when planning the location of production facilities, as well as transport and social infrastructure in the region.

Como apoyo en la Secretaría de Infraestructura Pública, Movilidad y Valorización en la Alcaldía del municipio de Nobsa – Boyacá se llevaron a cabo varias funciones/actividades, se da inicio con inventario de señalización vial vertical, apoyo en toma de cantidades y presupuesto, auxiliar de topografía en varios sectores del municipio, informes, actas de mejoramiento de vivienda, inspecciones de obra, dibujo de planos, dibujo del trazado de instalaciones hidráulicas/ sanitarias, realización de cuentas de cobro, actas de liquidación y visitas de mejoramiento de vivienda. Estas actividades se realizaron con el fin de mejorar la Infraestructura y las condiciones del municipio de Nobsa. El programa de mejoramiento de vivienda que maneja el municipio es esencial al buscar el desarrollo y seguridad de la comunidad, ayuda a personas vulnerables con escasos recursos al mejorar las condiciones de la vivienda en cuestión, evidenciando que gran parte de estas cuentan con dificultades, daños, desgaste y primordialmente inseguras para los ciudadanos. Las funciones/actividades desarrolladas en el periodo de pasantía se realizaron con el objetivo de apoyar el progreso de estas, permitiendo destinar las enseñanzas que se adquirieron en el pregrado de ingeniería civil, atendiendo necesidades del municipio a través de la administración de la entidad. As support in the secretary of public infrastructure, mobility and valorization in the Mayor's Office of the municipality of Nobsa – Boyacá various functions/ activities were carried out, at first the inventory of vertical road signs, support in take of quantities and Budget, topography assistant in some spots of the municipality, reports, home improvement proceedings, construction inspection, blueprint drawing, track drawing of hydraulic/sanitary facilities, making of accounts, settlement report and home improvement visits. These activities were carried out in order to improve the infrastructure and conditions of the municipality of Nobsa.. The “home improvement” program leaded by the municipality it is essential in order to reach the develop and security for the community, also, it helps vulnerable and poor people as it improves their homes conditions, showing that a large number of visited homes they had important difficulties, damages, erosion and mainly they are not safe for people to live. The functions/activities developed in the internship period were carried out with the aim of supporting the progress of these, allowing to allocate the teachings that were acquired in the undergraduate of civil engineering working for the municipality deficiencies through the entity’s administration. Pregrado

International audience; Between the thirteenth and the sixteenth centuries, memorial registers, urban accounts and police banns of the cities of Artois, Flanders and Hainaut contain a wide range of places reserved for corporal punishment land death penalty. While the main square offers a large space to stage judicial authorities inflicting tortures, bridges, gates, streets and walls also host the spectacle of criminal death. A dialectic of "inside and outside" is then put in place, while the peregrination of living, suffering or dead bodies allows to make the link between the different districts of the city, but also between the town and its countryside, its suburbs, its centers, and, even further, its neighboring cities and jurisdictions. This study of places of torture, begun thirty years ago with Robert Muchembled, is now reinforced by an interdisciplinary approach. The aim is to revisit this topic, thanks to the notion of ‘production of space’. In this way, we would like to understand how this administration of the penalty, thanks to a material and visual anchoring of Justice in the center and on the periphery of the city, plays an important role in the organization of a coherent urban territory and in the affirmation of powers in and out of the walls.; Entre les XIIIe et XVIe siècles, les registres mémoriaux, les comptabilités urbaines et les bans de police des villes de l’Artois, de la Flandre et du Hainaut témoignent d’une variété des lieux réservés aux peines corporelles et capitales. Si la grande place offre un large espace pour mettre en scène les autorités justicières dans l’administration des supplices, les ponts, les portes, les rues et les murailles accueillent également le spectacle de la mort pénale. Une dialectique du « dedans et du dehors » se met alors en place, tandis que la pérégrination des corps vivants, souffrants ou morts, permet de faire le lien entre les quartiers de la ville, mais aussi entre la ville et sa campagne, ses faubourgs et ses centres et, plus loin encore, avec d’autres villes et juridictions voisines. Cette étude des lieux de supplices, entamée il y a une trentaine d’années par Robert Muchembled, se trouve aujourd’hui renforcée par une approche interdisciplinaire. Il s’agit ici de reconsidérer ce dossier en privilégiant la production d’espaces et en cherchant à comprendre dans quelle mesure cette administration de la peine, au centre et en périphérie de la ville, témoigne d’une mise en cohérence du territoire urbain grâce à un ancrage matériel et visuel de la justice et, en ce sens, d’une affirmation des pouvoirs dans et hors les murs.

Resumen Los paisajes evanescentes están marcados por improntas espaciales, donde las metáforas sirven para imaginar lo heterogéneo, y las narraciones ritualizadas, para concretarlas, y requieren apertura del juego entre lo homogéneo y la fragmentación. El propósito es visibilizar y analizar cómo la realidad actual, multifactorial, tecnológica y fluida, ha provocado una entropía negativa de lugares, reflejada en una sociedad cultural y socialmente "desespecializada", con tendencia a enajenar al individuo respecto a su relación con el espacio; una condición que lleva a la desprolijidad, la disuasión y el desencuentro de algunos actores con sus lugares de origen, que así se reducen a no-lugares contemporáneos. Después de una revisión de literatura social y geográfica, se diseñó un modelo de integración identitaria y relaciona del no-lugar a partir de herramientas metodológicas y se aplicaron entrevistas para explicar qué hace familiar a un lugar y para quién es familiar ese lugar, su vinculación o su desvinculación con el espacio y su identidad. Abstract The evanescent landscapes are marked by spatial imprints where metaphors serve to imagine the heterogeneous and ritualized narratives that make them understandable. This process requires opening the game between the homogeneous and the fragmentation. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to make visible and analyze how the current reality - multifactorial, technological and fluid - has caused a negative entropy of places, reflected in a culturally and socially "de-spatialized" society, with a tendency to emancipate the individual from his relationship with space; a condition that leads to the lack of care, deterrence, and disagreement of some actors with their places of origin, reducing them to non-contemporary places. After a review of geo-socio-anthropological literature, a model of identity and relational integration of the non-place was designed based on interviews that allow explaining what makes a place familiar and for whom that place is familiar, its connection or disconnection with the space and its identity.

La présente étude s’appuie sur un travail de sujet de master effectué par l’auteur sous la direction du Professeur Oscar Belvedere. Le travail portait sur l’analyse fonctionnelle des pièces de la Maison I Nord de l’îlot XII à Himère. Parmi les objets étudiés pour l’analyse du mobilier se trouvait un cratère attique à figures rouges en fragments. La fouille a permis de restituer la toute dernière phase d’occupation du site, datée de la fin du ve siècle av. J.-C. La découverte du mobilier en contexte, fait très rare pour les sites de cette période dans l’habitat, nous permet d’émettre des hypothèses sur la fonction de certaines pièces de la Maison I et sur la vie quotidienne au cours des derniers jours de la cité, avant sa destruction en 409 av. J.-C., lors de la bataille d’Himère qui opposait les habitants de cette ville aux Carthaginois. The present study emerges from a master dissertation conducted under the supervision of Professor Oscar Belvedere. The work focused on the functional analysis of the rooms of the House I Nord of Islet XII at Himera. Among the artefacts studied for the analysis of the furniture, is a fragmented red figured Attic crater. The excavation allows the study of the final phase of occupation of the site, at the end of the 5th century BC. The discovery in situ of the furniture offers a rare opportunity to formulate a number of hypotheses regarding the function of certain rooms of the House I and the daily life of the latest period of occupation of the city, before its destruction in 409 BC, during the Battle of Himera, which pitted the inhabitants against the Carthaginians.

Die rechtsradikalen Ausschreitungen 2018 in Chemnitz werfen grundlegende demokratietheoretische Fragen auf: Welche Gefahren drohen von Rechts? Wie wird eine ganze Stadt zum politischen Risikogebiet? Und was bedeutet die Präsenz riskanter Politisierung und Entpolitisierung für unsere Demokratie? Die Autor*innen illustrieren entlang ethnografischer Streifzüge, wie eine apolitische Mitte der radikalen Rechten immer wieder den öffentlichen Raum überlässt. Die Rechtsextremen breiten sich in diesem Vakuum aus und reklamieren demokratische Grundrechte für sich, um sie gleichzeitig abzuschaffen. Als Kulturhauptstadt 2025 muss sich Chemnitz im Umgang mit diesem demokratischen Risiko bewähren.

Für gesellschaftliche Integration und Diversifikation ist der städtische Raum von besonderer Bedeutung. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat deshalb zum Ziel, die Digitale Stadt als Forschungsfeld für die Kommunikationswissenschaft zu erschließen. Die bisherige (deutschsprachige) Erforschung des Zusammenhangs von Medien und Stadt und idealtypische Aussagen zum Verhältnis von Medien, Lokalität und Integration in Studien zu Massen- und Onlinemedien werden dazu mit dem Forschungsstand in anderen Disziplinen, wie der Humangeografie, der kritischen Soziologie und Stadtplanungsforschung, sowie der Politikwissenschaft kritisch kontrastiert. Mit Hilfe des Begriffs der georeferenziellen Digitalmedien wird der traditionelle kommunikationswissenschaftliche Medienbegriff erweitert, um aktuelle Phänomene wie die medientechnologische Durchdringung von Städten und deren Inklusions- wie Exklusionstendenzen differenzierter analysieren zu können., Urban space is particularly important for social integration and diversification. The aim of this article is therefore to open up the digital city as a research field for communication science. The previous (German) research into the relationship between media and city and ideal-typical statements on the relationship between media, locality and integration in studies on mass and online media are combined in a critical way with the state of research in other disciplines, such as human geography, critical sociology and urban planning research, and political science. With the help of the term geo-referential digital media, the traditional notion of media is expanded in order to be able to analyse current phenomena such as the media-technological penetration of cities and their inclusion and exclusion tendencies in a more differentiated manner., Jahrbuch der Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft

The focus of my Technical Report is the restoration of the Millwald Theatre, which is one of many of the efforts made to revitalize downtown Wytheville, Virginia. I have a significant investment in this community as it is where I grew up, where many of my friends live, and where I will likely revisit. In my time working for the Millwald Theatre, I interacted with many of the groups involved in Wytheville's revitalization and got a glimpse into their actions and motivations. This inspired my STS Research Paper, where I took a comprehensive look at how these types of groups interact in towns of similar size across the United States. My aim is to inform these groups' future actions such that they may more closely align with the motivations of others. Additionally, I want to provide outsiders with a digestible analysis of the complex issue of downtown revitalization.

This article considers the impact that increasing pragmatism and pluralism are having on South–South cooperation (SSC). Focusing on the growing sway of multilateral platforms for cooperation between cities and the reinvigoration of regionalism, it identifies experimentalist design principles for fostering autonomy-enhancing initiatives between developing countries that have the capacity to learn from and scale up locally-informed, adaptive problem solving. The first part of the article frames SSC in light of experimentalist governance theory. The second part provides a case study of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Smart Cities Network, an initiative that captures the promise and challenges of enhancing SSC through regional experimentalist governance of city-to-city partnerships.

The importance of the identity and quality of urban spaces is currently one of the major professional problems - especially in relation to the rapidly developing urbanization of European settlements. The primary task of urban planners is to support and develop the potential of towns and cities and the quality of their urban structure. At the same time, the formation and transformation of urban structures requires an increasingly consistent approach in terms of sustainable development. A special area of research is the study of the cultural potential and uniqueness of the material and spatial structure of towns and cities and their surroundings. In this respect, it is important to monitor the optimization of the city’s macro and micro spaces through an extended analysis of the evaluation of urban and vegetation structures and their historical, cultural and environmental value. By monitoring these factors, we can optimize the processes taking place in the settlement structure, which affect the vitality and identity of urban spaces. A special area is also the monitoring of the projection and penetration of the landscape structure into the urban space. The harmonization of urban and landscape elements can also contribute to the sustainability of tourism. The evaluation of selected towns and cities in the Danube area and their surroundings in terms of the peculiarity of the image of the urban and landscape structure can help to better use the potential of individual settlements and their parts.

Concern for the future of town centres and their retail cores, the ‘high street’, is not new. Responses to this have often been somewhat one dimensional, focusing on their role as places of consump...

The paper deals with history, culture and urban life portrayed through the life of streets. This topic is particularly interesting bearing in mind that this town is extremely significant cultural center in Montenegrin framework. Its story has mostly been written informally, in a street or a caf?. It covers the period from late XIX century until the end of XX century. The text represents a particular interrelation between certain urbanity characteristics which are connected to different aspects of life and work. It also deals with relationships between streets and bohemian lifestyle of this town, literary inspirations, heroic figures and certain peculiar persons who found their place in the spirit of a place of turbulent history and rich culture. Few monuments, being important stops and symbols of Niksic past, have also been described. Abundance of quotations and references permeate through the text, covering historical, scientific and theoretical sources and thus allowing us to have an integral overview on the life of a street in this town. The paper belongs to the field of urban culture research's and encompasses different kinds of sources - from scientific papers and literary works and travelogues to newspapers articles.

The article focuses on the arrival of Igor Dedkov in Kostroma in September 1957. Being placed on a job at the editorial office of the regional newspaper Severnaya Pravda in a quiet provincial city, he worked in Kostroma for more than thirty years and returned to Moscow as a well-known and respected literary critic and journalist. The publication focuses on the fact that the first years of Igor Dedkov’s life and work were very difficult due to gradual adaptation to life in the Kostroma outland, which he later remembered very warmly and after a number of years even with frank admiration. But at that time (from September 1957 onwards) the situation for the young journalist was not easy at all. Unfortunately, in his diary published after his death, I. Dedkov referred to this stage of his biography only casually and without detail. Possibly, it can be accounted for by subsequent correction and radical change in I. Dedkov’s attitude to the province. The main purpose of this publication is to fill in this gap by introducing into scientific circulation a number of unpublished letters and other autobiographical materials which are currently stored in the I. Dedkov Interregional Scientific and Educational Center at Kostroma State University. The use of these and a number of other historiographical sources allowed us to clarify many important details in the life and work of the novice journalist of a regional newspaper, who left the capital for one of the provincial cities on his own initiative. The main methods used by the author of this article are the elements of system analysis, the method of historical reconstruction, induction and deduction. The use of these methods and the use of a previously unknown body of sources allowed the author of the article to significantly expand and deepen the existing (rather limited) ideas about the early period of I. Dedkov’s life and work, about the beginning of his formation as an original journalist and literary critic, who later entered the “great” literature.

tPomimo jednego z najszybszych temp wzrostu gospodarczego wśród krajów Unii Europejskiej w latach 2010–2019 w Polsce nie odnotowano istotnej poprawy w zaspokajaniu potrzeb mieszkaniowych mniej zamożnych gospodarstw domowych. Zasoby mieszkań komunalnych charakteryzują się zarówno niską dostępnością jak i wysokim stopniem zużycia majątku, a także rosnącymi zaległościami czynszowymi. W obliczu nadchodzącej dekoniunktury gospodarczej wywołanej pandemią koronawirusa SARS-CoV-2, realizacja zadań własnych gmin w zakresie mieszkalnictwa ulegnie dalszemu utrudnieniu. Aby temu zapobiec autorzy prezentują szereg postulatów zmian regulacyjnych dotyczących jednostek samorządowych i instytucji centralnych, które usprawnią realizację polityk mieszkaniowych państwa w zakresie mieszkań komunalnych.

London has a diverse and dynamic night-time economy (NTE) valued in 2018 at £5 billion. The London Assembly’s vision for future growth includes creative partnerships with outer-London boroughs to s...

Research into the community customs in the second half of the 20th century and the early 21st century in villages, towns, and cities near Vilnius allowed to distinguish two types of neighbourhoods: distant (official) and close (informal) ones. The first one was determined by territorial proximity, the second is revealed in more than just territory. The former is exposed also as a group formed around common interests, people, who are free to choose to spend leisure time or celebrate special occasions together. The festive communication results in sort of a ritual year of the neighbours, covering the common neighbours’ celebrations of life cycle as well as calendric cycle festivals and holidays. A close neighbourhood based on spending leisure time and celebrating together in some cases determines certain differences between neighbours of different religions. I’ll look at this process analyzing different types of settlements, showing the development of neighbourhood relations during the last 60 years.

They are easily overlooked, but benches, trash bins, drinking fountains, bike stands, ashtray bins, and bollards do influence our ways of living. Street furniture can encourage or hold back behaviours, support different codes of conduct, or express the values of a society. This study is developed from the observation that the number of different roles taken on by street furniture seem to quickly increase in ways not attended to. We see new arrivals such as recycled, anti-homeless, skateboard-friendly, solar-powered, storytelling, phone-charging and event-making furniture entering public places. What are typical sociomaterial roles that these things play in urban culture of today? How do these roles matter? This article suggests a conceptualisation of three furniture roles: Carnivalesque street furniture takes part in events and temporary places. Behaviourist street furniture engages in how humans act in public. Cabinet-like street furniture makes itself heard through relocating shapes of other objects. These categories lead to two directions for further research; one concerning the institutions behind street furniture, and one concerning how street furniture shapes cities through influencing different kinds of ‘scapes.’ The aim of this article is to advance theory on an urban material culture that is evolving faster and faster. By conceptualising this deceptively innocent group of things and articulating its relations to the everyday structures of the city, I hope to provide a framework for further studies.

Urban Narrative works at the interface between public participation and participatory design to support collaboration processes for urban planning and design. It applies computational linguistics to interpret large format public consultation by identifying shared interests and desired qualities for urban infrastructure services and utilities. As a proof of concept, data was used from the Christchurch public engagement initiative called ‘Share an Idea,’ where public thoughts, ideas, and opinions were expressed about the future redevelopment of Christchurch after the 2011 earthquakes. The data set was analysed to identify shared interests and desired connections between institutional, communal, or personal infrastructures with the physical urban infrastructures in terms of buildings, public places, and utilities. The data has been visualised using chord charts from the D3 JavaScript open source library to illustrate the existence of connections between soft and hard urban infrastructures along with individual contributions or stories. Lastly, the analysis was used to create an infographic design brief that compares and contrasts qualitative information from public consultation with quantitative municipal statistical data on well-being.

La présente étude s’intéresse à la place du statut urbain de la Provence des derniers siècles du Moyen Âge, dans l’ensemble plus vaste des strates normatives complémentaires ou concurrentes qui caractérisent le processus de son élaboration. Statuts produits par la commune ou par ses instances subordonnées, statuts produits au sein de la commune ou dispositions émanant des instances supérieures, toutes ces normes contribuent à la constitution d’une archive urbaine et d’un paysage documentaire marqués par des stratégies de médiation, d’appropriation et de conservation. L’ensemble de ces pratiques circonscrivent la marge de manœuvre de villes subordonnées à un pouvoir éminent dans la gestion de leur jus proprium. This study focuses on the place of late medieval Provençal urban statutes in the more encompassing set of complementary or competing normative strata characteristic of their formative process. Statutes drafted by the commune or by its subordinate bodies, statutes drafted within the communal body and legal measures proceeding from higher authorities, all these legal norms are instrumental in the making of an urban archive and the drawing of a documentary landscape characterized by stategies of mediation, of appropriation and of preservation. Ultimately, such practices define the subordinate cities own leeway in the management of their jus proprium.

Le contenu des statuts urbains des espaces français et italiens a souvent retenu l’attention. Leur organisation interne et leur mise en forme éclairent des enjeux et des stratégies d’affirmation d’une identité politique urbaine. Le corpus statutaire révèle par la composition adoptée l’expression affirmée d’une entité urbaine. L’exercice de la potestas statuendi, au cœur des statuts et de l’affirmation de l’autonomie des pouvoirs municipaux, est ainsi mise à jour par ces corpus traduisant des variations normatives. : The content of the urban statutes of French and Italian spaces has often attracted attention. Their internal organization and formatting shed light on issues and strategies for affirming an urban political identity. The statutory corpus reveals by the adopted composition the affirmed expression of an urban entity. The exercise of the potestas statuendi is at the heart of the statutes and the affirmation of the autonomy of the municipal powers. This exercise thus reveals by these corpora reflecting normative variations.

Este documento expone la importancia que representa el patrimonio arquitectónico y monumento Nacional parque Bosque de la República y sus alrededores. Se trata de un lugar estratégico para el proyecto por encontrarse localizado en un sector popular de la ciudad, desde donde se inicia el desarrollo y la demarcación del sector histórico en su costado sur, lo cual lo convierte en un punto donde confluyen distintas costumbres y actividades que hacen que se presente una mezcla heterogénea entre la arquitectura de tipo colonial con la moderna, y lo residencial con lo comercial, un parque con elementos de valor histórico y arquitectónico opacados por intervenciones modernas planificadas, aunado al abandono institucional hace que la utilización por parte de la población no sea la más adecuada, pese a las dificultades que esto genera. La propuesta que se desarrolla mediante el presente proyecto urbano arquitectónico con énfasis en patrimonio de tipo cultural, “Centro de memoria para la ciudad de Tunja” suple la pérdida de memoria e identidad en la ciudad, por ende se plantean unos lineamientos de diseño que dan respuesta a un carácter de arquitectura cultural que permita revitalizar el sector de la ciudad a intervenir, mediante un equipamiento cultural aportando al desarrollo urbano íntegro y social teniendo un carácter departamental y asimismo regional. La propuesta proyectual de un centro de identidad cultural ofrece explorar la relación existente entre la arquitectura y el contexto urbano, físico, histórico, y cultural. El objetivo es entender en mayor profundidad el rol que puede desempeñar la arquitectura para preservar la identidad del lugar. This document exposes the importance of the architectural heritage and National Monument Parque Bosque de la República and its surroundings. It is a strategic place for the project because it is located in a popular sector of the city, from where the development and demarcation of the historic sector on its southern side begins, which makes it a point where many customs and activities converge that make a messy mix between colonial and modern architecture, and residential and commercial architecture, a park with elements of historical and architectural value overshadowed by planned modern interventions, coupled with institutional abandonment makes the use by part of the population is not the most appropriate, despite the difficulties that this generates. The proposal that is developed through the present urban architectural project with emphasis on cultural heritage, "Memory Center for the city of Tunja" makes up for the loss of memory and identity in the city, therefore, some design guidelines are proposed that give response to a character of cultural architecture that allows to revitalize the sector of the city to intervene, through a cultural facility contributing to the integral urban development having a departmental and also regional character. The project proposal for a cultural identity center offers to explore the relationship between architecture and the urban, physical, historical and cultural context. The objective is to understand in greater depth the role that architecture can play in preserving the identity of the place. Pregrado

Es gibt kaum einen Faktor, der den Alltag und die Entwicklung von Kindern mehr beeinflusst, als die räumliche Gestaltung des Wohnumfeldes und die damit verbundenen Möglichkeiten zum „freien Spiel“ und zur eigenständigen Mobilität von Kindern. Dies ist das zentrale Ergebnis von Studien, die von der Forschungsgruppe „Raum für Kinderspiel!“ in verschiedenen Städten durchgeführt wurden. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, welche zentrale Bedeutung die Gestaltung des urbanen Raums für Kinder hat. Kommunalstatistik und Stadtforschung können mit ihren Indikatoren und Berichtssystemen einen wichtigen Beitrag für eine kinderfreundliche Stadtentwicklung leisten.

ilustraciones, fotografías, mapas Este documento analiza la acción colectiva en el conflicto territorial de los barrios populares colindantes con la Reserva Forestal Bosque Oriental o Cerros Orientales de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., con ocasión de la propuesta de construcción del proyecto Sendero de las Mariposas o Sendero Cortafuegos de los Cerros. Este recorrería entre 160 a 180 kilómetros y conectaría las localidades de Usme, San Cristóbal, Chapinero, Usaquén y el municipio de La Calera. El análisis de este conflicto territorial emerge en el marco de un proceso de transformación del espacio urbano en Latinoamérica, en el que las intenciones de consolidación de ciudades ligadas a la integración global y bajo la lógica neoliberal tienen como eje central del discurso la acumulación, la competitividad y la integración desde el turismo y el sector inmobiliario al comercio y servicios internacionales. En este sentido, las ciudades latinoamericanas, y particularmente Bogotá, han desplegado mecanismos del despojo a la vez que emergen, desde los habitantes, históricos procesos de resistencia basados en la organización territorial, la búsqueda de formas equitativas y justas de construir el espacio urbano, en oposición a la mercantilización de los territorios. (Texto tomado de la fuente) This document analyzes the collective action in the territorial conflict generated by the popular neighborhoods that border the Bosque Oriental Forest Reserve or Cerros Orientales of the city of Bogotá D.C., on the occasion of the proposed construction of the Sendero de las Mariposas or Sendero Cortafuegos de los Cerros project, which would cover between 160 and 180 kilometers, between the localities of Usme, San Cristóbal, Santa Fe, Chapinero, Usaquen and the municipality of La Calera. This analysis of the territorial conflict emerges within the framework of a process of transformation of the urban space in Latin America, where the intentions of consolidation of cities connected to global integration and under the neoliberal logic, having as central focus of the discourse the accumulation, competitiveness and integration from tourism and the real estate sector to international trade and services. In this sense, Latin American cities, and particularly Bogotá, have deployed the mechanisms of dispossession, while historical processes of resistance emerge from the historical inhabitants through territorial organization, in search of equitable and fair ways of constructing urban space, in opposition to the commodification of territories Maestría Magíster en Estudios Políticos Latinoamericanos Para cumplir con los objetivos de investigación y para contrastar la hipótesis de trabajo, pretendo una investigación de tipo cualitativa con el uso de categorías de análisis de la política latinoamericana como movimiento social, barrio popular, conflicto territorial, ciudad abigarrada, asociacionismo popular urbano, desde una apuesta inductiva en el análisis de la organización para hacer frente al proyecto Sendero de las Mariposas desde el paradigma crítico social. El paradigma crítico social supera la relación del sujeto investigador y el objeto de estudio, da relevancia a investigación para fortalecer transformaciones sociales y pone en cuestión las injusticias de la ideología dominante para impulsar nuevos horizontes emancipadores por el camino de la liberación. Toma, entonces, relevancia la participación activa del investigador en los procesos y movimientos sociales haciendo énfasis en la intervención desde y con los participantes. Por su parte, la investigación acción participativa y el estudio de caso permiten en este proyecto una lógica del investigador- militante anfibio, que fortalece la dimensión académica de la organización de los barrios contra el Sendero de las Mariposas como integrante activo de dicho movimiento, así como lo define Maristella Svampa (2008): Una figura capaz de habitar y recorrer varios mundos, y de desarrollar, por ende, una mayor comprensión y reflexividad sobre las diferentes realidades sociales y sobre sí mismo. Así, a la manera de esos vertebrados que poseen la capacidad de vivir en ambientes diferentes, sin cambiar por ello su naturaleza, lo propio del investigador- intelectual anfibio es su posibilidad de generar vínculos múltiples, solidaridades y cruces entre realidades diferentes. Inicialmente, desde investigaciones similares y marcos de conocimiento, se revisó la acción política de los habitantes de los Cerros Orientales de Bogotá y particularmente las expresiones organizativas que le hicieron frente al Sendero de las Mariposas, para garantizar la permanencia territorial de barrios y veredas, así como la conservación de la reserva forestal. Como parte de este marco de interpretación, pretendo indagar a través de fuentes primarias y secundarias sobre las experiencias organizativas articuladas interterritorialmente que se presentarán en forma de periodización sobre los momentos de consolidación y de lucha de los barrios de los Cerros. Con base en el conocimiento de los procesos organizativos de los cerros, hago un ejercicio de análisis crítico del discurso con los líderes comunitarios, desde la realización de entrevistas para la reconstrucción de los periodos de lucha y consolidación territorial de los casos seleccionados los cuales, por delimitación del caso de estudio, serán las organizaciones sociales presentes en los barrios Cerro Norte en Usaquén, Chapinero, El Consuelo en Santa Fé, El Alto Fucha en San Cristóbal, UPZ La Flora en Usme. De estos haré énfasis en distintos momentos de consolidación de acuerdo con la periodización presentada, con la intención de identificar identidades comunes en la defensa de la reserva y en los esfuerzos por no ser despojados de sus viviendas y territorios. En este sentido, se plantean y clasifican distintas formas de acción colectiva de los barrios de los Cerros Orientales, atendiendo sus particularidades, pero aportando una clasificación que permita encontrar puntos de encuentro en los procesos, para el caso del Sendero de las Mariposas (2016-2019). Se aplicarán 40 entrevistas a líderes y representantes de los cerros, así como académicos que han reflexionado sobre los distintos periodos de lucha, la identidad barrial, consolidación de los barrios y la acción colectiva frente al Sendero de las Mariposas. Así mismo, se analizarán los proyectos urbanísticos que han existido y han puesto en riesgo la permanencia de las comunidades, entre ellos el Sendero de las Mariposas (2016- 2020). Finalmente, presentaré el análisis de la acción política en la consolidación y permanencia de los barrios de los Cerros Orientales. Análisis Político

The use of games as a method for planning and designing cities is often associated with visualisation, from simplistic to immersive environments. They can also include complex and sophisticated models which provide an evidence base. The use of such technology as artefacts, aids, or mechanics curates the player experience in different and very often subtle ways, influencing how we engage with (simulated) urban phenomena, and, therefore, how the games can be used. In this article, we aim to explore how different aspects of technology use in city games influence the player experience and game outcomes. The article describes two games built upon the same city gaming framework, played with professionals in Rome and Haifa, respectively. Using a mixed-method, action research approach, the article examines how the high-tech, free form single-player games elicit the mental models of players (traffic controllers and planners in both cases). Questionnaires and the players’ reflections on the gameplay, models used, and outcomes have been transcribed and analysed. Observations and results point to several dimensions that are critical to the outcomes of digital city games. Agency, exploration, openness, complexity, and learning are aspects that are strongly influenced by technology and models, and in turn, determine the outcomes of the game. City games that balance these aspects unlock player expertise to better understand the game dynamics and enable their imagination to better negotiate and resolve conflicts in design and planning.