Search

It is now widely accepted the climate change is having a profound impact on the weather systems around the world. These, in turn, have a considerable effect on two important elements of the Tuscan economy: wine producing and tourism. This case study sought to explore the relationship between the perception of Tuscan wine-producing agritourism owners of the potentially abstract notion of climate change and their concrete experiences as entrepreneurs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight wine-producing agritourism owners or managers in Val d’Orcia, a small area of Siena, Tuscany and analyzed thematically. The impact of climate change on the area’s viticulture is undeniable but the responses to the challenges are more nuanced. Political leadership on the climate crisis appears absent and perhaps as a consequence, these small-scale operators lack knowledge and funds to enable them to plan ahead: they react often day-to-day to the immediate weather conditions rather than planning long term. While recognizing the difficulties they face from climate change as viticulturists, as agrotourism owners they welcome the longer seasons which enable them to open in the formally barren shoulder seasons but struggle with last-minute cancellations due to unpredictable weather in the area.

The objective of this research is to explore the economic characteristics of the productive winegrowing sys-tem in Mendoza (Argentina) in a context of globalization in order to uncover the difference between the local technosphere and ecosphere. In a context of worldwide socioenvironmental crisis it is imperative to conduct an integral analysis of the productive system at all scales that seeks to redesign the technosphere within the current bio-physical limits. In order to accomplish this task, tools that stem from currents of critical environmental thinking, such as ecological economy and environmental history, were employed. The selected methodology is based on the triangulation of qualitative information, using documentary sources and specialized bibliography, with quantitative data from statistical official sources. The results demonstrate a divergent evolution in the past 30 years between this activity and regional development in terms of the pursuit of social wellbeing. The rent accumulation in the commercialization sector and increased possession of land by entrepreneurs is highlighted. In a parallel way, the intensification of the environmental impact and the downturn of the economic and social aspects can be observed as well.

Mestrado em Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho Submitted by Maria da Luz Antunes (mluz.antunes@estesl.ipl.pt) on 2021-12-21T20:36:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Exposição ao dióxido de enxofre (SO2) em trabalhadores vinícolas_revisão sistemática.pdf: 5572484 bytes, checksum: 866457575a864f60ff614cc1ad91faac (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-21T20:36:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Exposição ao dióxido de enxofre (SO2) em trabalhadores vinícolas_revisão sistemática.pdf: 5572484 bytes, checksum: 866457575a864f60ff614cc1ad91faac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-12 N/A

[ES] Coupage es una palabra adoptada del francés que describe el arte de la mezcla de vinos para mejorar sus propiedades y cualidades. Eso es, en esencia, lo que se busca con este proyecto arquitectónico: una mezcla entre la gente, el pueblo, las tradiciones y la tierra. El proyecto, emplazado en Huércanos, un municipio de 800 habitantes de La Rioja Alta, trata de acercar la cultura del vino a los más jóvenes. Dado que la mayoría del pueblo se dedica al mundo del vino gracias a la bodega cooperativa, se busca generar un espacio conectado a ella tanto de enseñanza e investigación como de reunión en el que la gente del lugar pueda aprender e interesarse por el mundo vitivinícola. Es, por tanto, un centro donde conocer la viticultura, la enología y la cultura del vino. Esto se realizará mediante la creación de espacios comunes, espacios docentes, jardines interactivos para observar el desarrollo de la vid, espacios de cata e investigación, entre otros., [EN] Coupage is a French-adopted word that describes the art of mixing wines so as to enhance its properties and qualities. That is in essence, what is sought with this architectural project: a mixture between the people, the village, its traditions and the land. The project, located in Huércanos, a municipality of 800 inhabitants in La Rioja Alta, tries to bring the wine culture to the youngest. Thanks to the winemaking cooperative most of the people are dedicated to the world of wine. Therefore, it seeks to generate a space connected to it both teaching and research and gathering place in which locals can learn and take an interest in this world; hence it is a centre where one can learn about viniculture, oenology and wine culture. This will be done through the establishment of common spaces, schools, interactive gardens to observe vine development, tasting and research spaces among others.

Ancient Roman wine is found outside of the borders of the Roman world as a result of the Roman influence, trade and political relations. In our project, we decided to extensively research and recreate the ancient method of wine making in order to understand ancient viticulture and viniculture as it could have been if implemented outside of the borders. The objective was to recreate roman wine using ancient methods based on ancient texts (such as Columella, Pliny the Elder, Cicero, Cato the Elder, Galenus and Mago). The wine was made using modern grapes grown on lands considered by the Romans as barbaric (i.e., outside the Roman Limes), in modern Poland. The aim of the project—except for the wine making itself—was to measure the level of alcohol created through fermentation process. Ethanol levels in samples were obtained using gas chromatography (GC).

This master thesis addresses issues reflecting the socio-natural aspects of draught, one of the devastating consequences of climate change which increasingly affects the Czech Republic. This work uses a field research facility located around reservoirs Nové Mlýny and views it within the waterworlds concept, a term established by authors Kristen Hastrup and Fridy Hastrup. Ethnographic research shows the impact of water and its scarcity on the landscape, local inhabitants and their relationships and practices. A particular focus is given to wine growers and their understanding of draught, climate change and ways for adopting good practices in an area which is gradually drying out. Furthermore, it captures the transformation of practices related to the maintenance of a vineyard and maps individuals affected by the problems of draught in that area. Key words: Ethnography, draught, climate change, waterworlds, water, reservoirs Nové Mlýny, viniculture

International audience; Cet article examine la possibilité d'une production de vins oxydatifs blancs dans l'Antiquité en s'appuyant notamment sur les travaux précurseurs d'André Tchernia et de Jean-Pierre Brun. Il met en exergue, à partir de l'exemple bien documenté de la Gaule Narbonnaise, l'énormité des volumes produits pendant le Haut-Empire et la nécessité, pour les producteurs, d'adopter des méthodes de vinification et de stockage propres à assurer la longue conservation du vin. In fine, il propose de reconsidérer la possibilité d'un vieillissement en dolia installés dans certains chais (exposés au soleil) qui jusqu'à présent n'avaient pas été interprétés comme liés à ce type d'élevage du vin.

International audience; La ville de Moissac présente un sous-sol particulièrement riche d’un point de vue archéologique, favorisé par une forte humidité propice à la préservation des restes organiques, en particulier de bois et de graines. C’est dans ce contexte qu’ont été mis au jour, au sein même de la ville, d’importants restes de vinification associés aux vestiges d’un puissant pressoir à levier à taissons enterrés. La conservation de nombreuses pièces de bois permet de documenter les fondations de cette structure datée de la fin du xiiie s. ou du début du xive s. Pour cette époque, plusieurs pressoirs appartenant à l’abbaye Saint-Pierre sont mentionnés dans les textes, mais tous sont situés aux portes de la ville. Le statut de l’ouvrage reste donc inconnu, même si ses dimensions suggèrent plutôt d’y voir un pressoir collectif. Cette découverte, rare pour cette période et ce contexte, invite aussi à réfléchir sur la chaîne opératoire et sur la topographie des lieux de production du vin.

L’évolution des pratiques de la viticulture aux XIXe et XXe siècles, entraîne inéluctablement celle de la vinification. L’adéquation de l’appareillage aux méthodes nouvelles repose sur la constance des progrès scientifiques et techniques : motorisation, électrification et, dans les dernières décennies du XXe siècle, informatisation. L’empirisme séculaire est progressivement remplacé par l’acquis et la diffusion d’une science qui intervient sur les divers procédés culturaux et de vinification. L’avènement de machines et appareils vinicoles de plus en plus complexes et performants contribue au recul des anciens usages. La culture des ceps et la phase d’obtention du produit dans ses diverses spécificités relèvent durant le XIXe et XXe siècles d’une gamme d’appareils et d’outils qui ne cessent d’être perfectionnés ou inventés, rendant obsolètes des éléments d’appareillage inadaptés aux nouvelles exigences. Au XXe siècle, la grande capacité de traitement des unités du mouvement coopératif contribue à la fabrication de machines au rendement supérieur qui ne sont pas sans influer sur la typologie des bâtiments. Cette incessante avancée technique condamne bon nombre d’éléments d’appareillage ; la récession du vignoble accentue la situation. Depuis un demi-siècle, tout un pan de ce patrimoine vinicole souffre d’un état de conservation des plus sommaires ; une grande partie a déjà été vouée au recyclage. L’évolution de sa reconnaissance et de sa protection fait part d’une volonté qui demeure globalement, à ce jour, en deçà de ce qu’elle devrait être. The evolution of viticulture practice in the 19th and 20th centuries inevitably led to changes in vinification. Adaptation of equipment to new methods is based on constant scientific and technical progress: motorisation, electrification and, in the final decades of the 20th century, computerisation. Secular empiricism was gradually replaced by the learnings and deployment of science, which impacted various agricultural and wine-making processes. The advent of increasingly complex and efficient wine-making machines and appliances further contributed to a decline in former uses. During the 19th and 20th centuries, vineyard management and vinification techniques, with all their specificities, depended on a range of devices and tools, constantly being invented or improved, and rendering obsolete many items unsuitable for new requirements. In the 20th century, the heightened processing capacity of the cooperative movement contributed to the production of high-performance machinery, directly impacting the typology of buildings. Unending technical progress condemned many past techniques, and the vineyard recession further accentuated the situation. For half a century, much viticultural heritage was ill-conserved… often sent off for recycling. Enhanced recognition and protection of this heritage is still lacking today.

Der Weinanbau und die Heurigenkultur haben in Wien seit Jahrhunderten Tradition, diese erlebt in den letzten Jahren einen Aufschwung. Trotzdem gibt es keinen Schultyp in Wien, der dieses Wissen und Handwerk Sch��lern oder auch Interessierten vermittelt. Dieser Umstand sowie die Zusammenf��hrung von Schule, Internat, Seminarzentrum und Weingut in einem Projekt stellen die Ausgangssituation f��r die vorliegende Diplomarbeit dar.Im ersten Kapitel wird die Ist Situation am Stadtrand von Wien im Heurigenort Neustift am Walde beschrieben sowie Vergleiche mit ��hnlichen Schulbauten gef��hrt. Dazu flie��en Nutzerinterviews mit Anwohnern, Heurigenbetrieben, Sch��lern und P��dagogen mit ein. Das zweite Kapitel besch��ftigt sich nach der Erstellung eines Raumprogramms mit dem Entwurf der neuen Weinbauschule.Im letzten Kapitel wird der erstellte Entwurf anhand der Anforderungen analysiert und mit den zuk��nftigen Nutzern kritisch hinterfragt., wineryschool19 wine expertise institute of ViennaThe viniculture and the Heurigen have a long tradition in Vienna. This typical culture is having a recovery in the past 15 years. Nevertheless Vienna has no education institute to teach this knowledge to young students or interested people. This circumstance and the combination of a school, a boarding home, a seminar centre and a winery are the initial situation for the underlying diploma thesis.The first chapter describes the current situation on the outskirts of Vienna in the small ���Heurigen-Town��� Neustift am Walde, introduces similar education institutions and is complemented with interviews of possible users. The second part of the paper deals with the creation of a room schedule and the project of the new winery school. The last chapter analyses the planned building institution and the whole project is commented by future users.

Mit seiner jahrtausendealten Tradition hat sich der Weinbau in Österreich nicht nur zu einem wichtigen Wirtschaftszweig entwickelt, sondern ist auch Teil der Lebensart und der Kultur geworden. Heutzutage kann Wein durchaus als Lifestyleprodukt bezeichnet werden.Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit bietet einen Überblick über die Geschichte des Weinbaus, insbesondere in Österreich, und beschäftigt sich mit dessen wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung und Entwicklung seit dem Glykosatskandal im Jahr 1985. Weiters werden die einzelnen Arbeitsschritte im Weinbau, vom Rebschnitt bis zum fertigen Produkt, beschrieben.Hinter dem Produkt Wein steht jedoch eine herausfordernde Tätigkeit, die dem Winzer in vielerlei Hinsicht einiges abverlangt. Jeder Arbeitsschritt bringt spezifische Belastungen und Beanspruchungen mit sich. Darauf wird im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit eingegangen. Der Weinbau besteht trotz zunehmender Mechanisierung größtenteils aus Handarbeit, die über das ganze Jahr im Freien verrichtet wird. Der Winzer ist somit unterschiedlichsten klimatischen Einflüssen ausgesetzt, von Kälte und Frost bis hin zu Hitze und UV-Strahlung, aber auch anderen Dingen wie Pflanzenschutzmittel oder Feinstaub. Bei der Arbeit im Keller kommen außerdem Gefahren durch unterschiedliche Substanzen hinzu, etwa Sporen von Schimmelpilzen, Bakterien oder Gärgase. Neben diesen körperlichen Belastungen gibt es auch diverse psychische Stressfaktoren. Da man im Weingarten von den Witterungsbedingungen abhängig ist, ist die Arbeit kaum planbar und muss oft unter großem Zeitdruck ohne ausreichende Ruhezeiten durchgeführt werden. Hinzu kommen die Lärmbelastung durch Maschinen und vor allem in kleinen Betrieben die Doppelbelastung von Weinbau und Betriebsführung.Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, diese vielschichtigen Belastungen zu analysieren und die ergonomischen Anforderungen an die Arbeit und die Arbeitsplätze im Weinbau darzustellen. Hierfür wird der wissenschaftliche Stand aufgearbeitet und es werden Studien vorgestellt, die sich mit der Zufriedenheit von Winzern unter diesen Arbeitsbedingungen beschäftigen., The tradition of viticulture reaches back thousands of years. Over the last decades it has become an important economic sector in Austria and an essential part of culture and lifestyle.The first part of this thesis provides a general overview of the history of winegrowing, especially in Austria, and analyses the economic importance and development after the diethylene glycol wine scandal in 1985. Furthermore, it presents each production step starting from the cutting of the grapevines up to the final product.Winegrowing is, in many ways, a highly challenging activity for the winemaker. Each production step involves very specific demands, both physically and mentally. Despite an increasing degree of mechanization, winegrowing mainly consists of manual work which has to be done outdoors throughout the whole year. While working in the vineyard, the winemaker is exposed to all climate impacts such as cold, frost, heat and ultraviolet rays, as well as to other things like pesticides or fine dust. While working in the wine cellar, there is an exposure to spores of mould fungus, bacteria or fermentation gases. Besides all these physical challenges there also is a wide range of mental stress factors. Winemakers are dependent on the weather conditions, which is why their work is hard or impossible to schedule. Quite often a lot of work has to be done under time pressure without breaks. Additionally, there is a noise exposure because of the machines and in small businesses the double burden of winemaking and operational management.The aim of this theses is to analyse in detail these complex demands during the manufacturing process and to describe the ergonomic requirements for the work and the workplaces in winegrowing. Therefore the thesis summarizes the scientific findings and presents case studies dealing with the contentment of winemakers under these working conditions.

The work is dedicated to the oenologist Petru Ungureanu (1894–1975), founding member of Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. Based on inedited documents, oral sources and bibliographic analysis was presented aspects of the scientist’s private and scientific biography. In general, the article reflects the condition of the scientist in Soviet Moldova.

Many questions remain about the emergence and development of viticulture and wine production in the northwestern Mediterranean (concerning the existence of indigenous domestication centers, the role of the Greek and Roman settlers, the possible development of local vines) despite a significant body of genetic, biological, archaeological (winemaking sites, plant remains, plantation pits) and historical data (texts and iconography) allowing us to establish a model of development, expansion and spread of viticulture and wine production in France. Is the emergence multi-local? Is viticulture practiced by the indigenous populations or is it a result from colonial influence? What is the origin (time and location) of viticulture? Are cultivation and domestication synchronous? Were wild plants cultivated prior to domestication? What cultivation methods were used?The analysis of archaeological charcoal, compared with reference material from modern wild vines and cultivars is at the basis of the project “Eco-anatomic approach wood vine (Vitis vinifera L.) aiming at a better understanding of the history of viticulture in the northwestern Mediterranean” and offering the opportunity of finding answers to our questions. Or data assess the eco-anatomical plasticity of the wild and the cultivated vines under certain environmental and cultivation conditions and highlight quantitative anatomical characters discriminating wild vines from cultivated vines. This allows us to identify the status (wild or cultivated) of bio-archaeological samples, thus providing reliable information on the origins of vine cultivation and cultivation habits (ecological parameters farming practices).; Beaucoup d’énigmes subsistent quant à l’émergence et au développement de la viticulture et de la viniculture en Méditerranée nord-occidentale. L’existence de foyers de domestication indigènes, le rôle joué par les colons grecs et romains au contact des populations autochtones, ou bien le développement possible de vignes endémiques permettent d’établir un modèle de développement, d’expansion et de diffusion de la viticulture - viniculture en France. Malgré un corpus important de données génétiques, biologiques, archéologiques (sites viticoles, restes bio-archéologiques, traces de plantations) et historiques (textes et iconographie), des doutes persistent.L’émergence est-elle multi-locale ? La viticulture est-elle le fait de populations indigènes ou intervient-elle sous influence coloniale ? Quelle est l’origine (chronologique et géographique) de la viticulture ? Culture et domestication sont-elles synchrones ? A-t-on cultivé le sauvage avant la domestication ? Quels modes et quelles conduites de culture ont-ils prévalus ?Le projet intitulé « Approche éco-anatomique du bois de vigne (Vitis vinifera L.) pour une meilleure connaissance de l’histoire de la viticulture en Méditerranée nord-occidentale » a tenté de répondre à ces questions. L’analyse de charbons de bois archéologiques, comparés à des charbons de bois de vignes actuelles sauvages et domestiquées, a offert l’opportunité de trouver des réponses, en mettant en relation les résultats éco-anatomiques et les données archéologiques, archéobiologiques, et génétiques.Les résultats attendus ont porté sur (1) l’évaluation de la plasticité éco-anatomique de la vigne sauvage et de la vigne cultivée-domestiquée au regard des conditions environnementales et de culture, (2) la mise en évidence de caractères anatomiques quantitatifs discriminant la vigne sauvage de la vigne cultivée, (3) l’application des données éco-anatomiques de l’actuel dans le but d’identifier le statut (sauvage ou cultivé) des échantillons bio-archéologiques. Ces résultats ont permis de mieux cerner la datation des origines de la culture de la vigne et de mieux comprendre les modalités de culture (paramètres écologiques, pratiques culturales).

Many questions remain about the emergence and development of viticulture and wine production in the northwestern Mediterranean (concerning the existence of indigenous domestication centers, the role of the Greek and Roman settlers, the possible development of local vines) despite a significant body of genetic, biological, archaeological (winemaking sites, plant remains, plantation pits) and historical data (texts and iconography) allowing us to establish a model of development, expansion and spread of viticulture and wine production in France. Is the emergence multi-local? Is viticulture practiced by the indigenous populations or is it a result from colonial influence? What is the origin (time and location) of viticulture? Are cultivation and domestication synchronous? Were wild plants cultivated prior to domestication? What cultivation methods were used?The analysis of archaeological charcoal, compared with reference material from modern wild vines and cultivars is at the basis of the project “Eco-anatomic approach wood vine (Vitis vinifera L.) aiming at a better understanding of the history of viticulture in the northwestern Mediterranean” and offering the opportunity of finding answers to our questions. Or data assess the eco-anatomical plasticity of the wild and the cultivated vines under certain environmental and cultivation conditions and highlight quantitative anatomical characters discriminating wild vines from cultivated vines. This allows us to identify the status (wild or cultivated) of bio-archaeological samples, thus providing reliable information on the origins of vine cultivation and cultivation habits (ecological parameters farming practices).; Beaucoup d’énigmes subsistent quant à l’émergence et au développement de la viticulture et de la viniculture en Méditerranée nord-occidentale. L’existence de foyers de domestication indigènes, le rôle joué par les colons grecs et romains au contact des populations autochtones, ou bien le développement possible de vignes endémiques permettent d’établir un modèle de développement, d’expansion et de diffusion de la viticulture - viniculture en France. Malgré un corpus important de données génétiques, biologiques, archéologiques (sites viticoles, restes bio-archéologiques, traces de plantations) et historiques (textes et iconographie), des doutes persistent.L’émergence est-elle multi-locale ? La viticulture est-elle le fait de populations indigènes ou intervient-elle sous influence coloniale ? Quelle est l’origine (chronologique et géographique) de la viticulture ? Culture et domestication sont-elles synchrones ? A-t-on cultivé le sauvage avant la domestication ? Quels modes et quelles conduites de culture ont-ils prévalus ?Le projet intitulé « Approche éco-anatomique du bois de vigne (Vitis vinifera L.) pour une meilleure connaissance de l’histoire de la viticulture en Méditerranée nord-occidentale » a tenté de répondre à ces questions. L’analyse de charbons de bois archéologiques, comparés à des charbons de bois de vignes actuelles sauvages et domestiquées, a offert l’opportunité de trouver des réponses, en mettant en relation les résultats éco-anatomiques et les données archéologiques, archéobiologiques, et génétiques.Les résultats attendus ont porté sur (1) l’évaluation de la plasticité éco-anatomique de la vigne sauvage et de la vigne cultivée-domestiquée au regard des conditions environnementales et de culture, (2) la mise en évidence de caractères anatomiques quantitatifs discriminant la vigne sauvage de la vigne cultivée, (3) l’application des données éco-anatomiques de l’actuel dans le but d’identifier le statut (sauvage ou cultivé) des échantillons bio-archéologiques. Ces résultats ont permis de mieux cerner la datation des origines de la culture de la vigne et de mieux comprendre les modalités de culture (paramètres écologiques, pratiques culturales).

Vinohradnictví a vinařství z pohledu práva 2018 Viniculture and wine production from the legal point of view Abstract This thesis focuses on the existing legal regulation of viticulture and winemaking in the Czech Republic and aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the related legal norms. As the legal regulation of viticulture and winemaking is part of environmental law, the thesis focuses both on the relation of this activity to the environment, and on its relation to other relevant areas of law. A particular focus is put on Act No. 321/2004 Coll. on viticulture and winemaking, the main legal regulation in this area of interest, but also on other laws, which provide subsections of viticulture and winemaking activities. The thesis is subdivided into 7 chapters. The first chapter focuses on the historical development of the legal regulation of viticulture and winemaking in the Czech Republic since its beginnings until the 1990s. The second chapter deals with the position of viticulture and winemaking within the Law of the Czech Republic. Due to the nature of viticulture and winemaking, this activity can be considered part of agricultural law, which consists of legal regulations from multiple areas including both private and public law legal regulations. The third chapter is devoted to the sources of...

Submitted by Fabiano Jucá (fjuca@unicentro.br) on 2019-03-26T12:23:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1542903999_tese_final_gabriela.pdf: 3926102 bytes, checksum: f59a40b3c68e639a44f149c5154ddf76 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-26T12:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1542903999_tese_final_gabriela.pdf: 3926102 bytes, checksum: f59a40b3c68e639a44f149c5154ddf76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-19 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES This study proposed the characterization of flours and oils from seeds obtained from grape pomace from the winemaking process, with regard to nutritional and technological parameters for possible use in human or animal food. The pomace of the commercial vinification of Pinot Noir, Malbec, Tannat, Ancellotta, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc, Sangiovese (Vitis vinifera), Seibel 2 and Ives (Vitis labrusca) were evaluated in relation to the dehydration method (stove or lyophilizer), type of flour (shell or pomace) and vinification process (whether or not subject to maceration). Flours were submitted to the following analyzes: moisture content, ash, protein, lipids, gross fiber and carbohydrates, minerals (N, P, K, S, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn), total phenolic compounds and individual, and anthocyanins. Additionally, the microbiological determinations of coliforms at 45 ° C and molds and yeasts in the flours of the Ives and Ancellotta varieties were carried out. The seed oils were cold extracted. Based on the results it was possible to verify that the samples showed absence of the microorganisms investigated, characterizing product safety, as well as high fiber and protein contents for all cultivars evaluated. The lyophilization method significantly preserved the content of total, phenolic and anthocyanin compounds when compared to the dehydrated flour in the greenhouse, for all varieties studied. Among the polyphenols, the catechins, the epicatechins, quercetin and rutin, with statistical superiority in cvs. Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc. The efficacy of lyophilization was also verified by the measurement of the antiradicalar activity. All the samples dehydrated in stove had less capacity of inhibition of the free radicals, by both methods of IC50. The IC50 activity for the ABTS radical showed the best results for the lyophilized samples, in this way, smaller quantities of the flours are able to inhibit at least 50% the activity of the free radicals ABTS and HOCl-, with emphasis on the Merlot cultivar. These results reinforce the information that temperature conditions influence the preservation of antioxidant compounds. The chromatographic analysis of grape seed oils identified four fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid) and statistically superior vitamin E indices in the Merlot and Malbec cultivars. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the samples present similar curves, whose degradation point of fatty acids is higher than 280 ° C, representing good prospects of using this oil for cooking preparations that require high temperatures (oven or deep fryer), but with preservation of fatty acids that makes it up. Due to the nutritional enrichment and to add value to the agroindustrial residue discarded by the wineries, the addition of the flour obtained from the grape marc and the oils extracted from the seeds are viable alternatives in the food industry and in the daily cooking. Este estudo propôs caracterizar farinhas e óleos de sementes obtidos a partir de bagaços de uvas provenientes do processo de vinificação, no que diz respeito aos parâmetros nutricionais e tecnológicos para fins de possível utilização na alimentação humana ou animal. Resíduos da vinificação comercial das cultivares Pinot Noir, Malbec, Tannat, Ancellotta, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc, Sangiovese (Vitis vinífera), Seibel e Bordô (Vitis labrusca) foram avaliados em relação ao método de desidratação (estufa ou liofilizador), tipo de farinha (casca ou bagaço) e processo de vinificação (submetido ou não à maceração). As farinhas foram submetidas às seguintes análises: teor de umidade, cinzas, proteína, lipídeos, fibra bruta e carboidratos, minerais (N, P, K, S, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Fe e Zn), compostos fenólicos totais e individuais, antocianinas e avaliação da atividade antiradicalar pelos métodos ABTS e HOCl-. Adicionalmente, realizaram-se as determinações microbiológicas de coliformes a 45 °C e bolores e leveduras nas farinhas das cultivares Bordô e Ancellotta. Os óleos foram extraídos das sementes a frio. Com base nos resultados foi possível verificar que as amostras apresentaram ausência dos microrganismos investigados, caracterizando segurança do produto, e também, elevados teores de fibras e proteínas para todas as cultivares avaliadas. O método de desidratação por liofilização preservou significativamente o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais, individuais, e antocianinas quando comparadas às farinhas desidratadas em estufa, para todas as cultivares estudadas. Entre os polifenóis, destacaram-se as catequinas, as epicatequinas, quercetina e rutina, com superioridade estatística nas cvs. Cabernet Franc e Sauvignon Blanc. A eficácia da liofilização também foi verificada pela mensuração da atividade antiradicalar. Todas as amostras desidratadas em estufa tiveram menor capacidade de inibição dos radicais livres, por ambos os métodos de IC50. A atividade IC50 para o radical ABTS apresentou os melhores resultados para as amostras liofilizadas, desta forma, quantidades menores das farinhas são capazes de inibir em pelo menos 50% a atividade dos radicais livres ABTS e HOCl-, com destaque para a cultivar Merlot. Estes resultados reforçam as informações de que as condições de temperatura influenciam na preservação de compostos antioxidantes. A análise cromatográfica dos óleos de sementes de uva identificou quatro ácidos graxos (ácido oleico, ácido linoleico, ácido esteárico e ácido palmítico) e índices de vitamina E estatisticamente superiores nas cultivares Merlot e Malbec. A análise termogravimétrica mostrou que as amostras apresentam curvas semelhantes, cujo ponto de degradação de ácidos graxos é superior a 280°C, representando boas perspectivas de uso deste óleo para preparações culinárias que necessitem elevadas temperaturas (forno ou fritadeira), porém, com preservação dos ácidos graxos que o compõem. Pelo enriquecimento nutricional e por agregar valor ao resíduo agroindustrial descartado pelas vinícolas, a adição das farinhas obtidas do bagaço de uva e dos óleos extraídos das sementes são alternativas viáveis na indústria alimentícia e na culinária cotidiana.

URL: http://sutad.selcuk.edu.tr/sutad/article/view/828, Mersin’in Tarsus ilçesine bağlı bir orman köyü iken, 1972 yılında kasaba statüsü kazanan Sebil, 1990’da Çamlıyayla’ya bağlanmıştır. 1970’li yıllara kadar ekonomisi daha çok orman işçiliği ve hayvansal üretime dayalı olan kasabada, bu yıllardan sonra bitkisel üretim ağırlık kazanmaya başlamıştır. Engebeli bir arazide kurulan ve toplu yerleşme dokusuna sahip Sebil’de bağ-bahçe tarımı arazi şartlarından dolayı yerleşim yerinden uzakta yapılmaktadır. Bu uzaklık bağ evleri olgusunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bağ ve bahçelerde çalışmalar yaklaşık Mart ayında başlar ve üretilen ürünün çeşidine ya da bulunulan mekâna göre Kasım ayına kadar sürebilir. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan ve var olan bir durumu ayrıntılarıyla açıklamayı amaçlayan betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcı gözlem ve sahadan elde edilen veriler konu ile ilgili literatürden taranan verilerle desteklenmiş ve betimsel analiz yaklaşımı ile ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmada bağ evlerinin ortaya çıkışı, bağ evi olarak kullanılan meskenlerin özellikleri, kasaba ile bağ evi arasındaki göçler, bağ evlerinde iş bölümü, kışa hazırlık, yetiştirilen ürünler ve bu ürünlerin değerlendirilmesi, günlük hayat gibi özellikler ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir., The town of Sebil that became town in 1972 while it had been a forest village affiliated to Tarsus district of Mersin, it was affiliated to Çamlıyayla district in 1990. Whereas the town’s economy based more upon woodworking and animal production until 1970s, vegetative production started to gain importance after these years. The vegetative production started with viticulture depended upon grapes, and then horticulture for fruits such as apple, peach, walnut, plum, etc. started to be popular. The orchard and vineyard agriculture was has been engaged in away from the residential area due to the field conditions in Sebil that has a collective settlement tapestry. This distance revealed the fact of vineyard houses. Workings in orchards and vineyards start nearly in March and can continue till to November according to the location or the species of the plant. Descriptive analysis method aiming to explain a current situation through the details which is also one of the qualitative research method was used to reveal the vineyard houses culture appeared as depending upon the hard physical and economic conditions. The data obtained from the participant observations and the field were supported through the data in the literature related to the subjective and were revealed through the descriptive analysis method. Emergence of vineyard houses, properties of the residences used as the vineyard house, the migrations between the town and vineyard houses, division of labor in vineyard houses, preparation for winter, the grown products, and assessment of these products were analyzed in details in the study.

As Indicações Geográficas (IGs) podem ser entendidas, do ponto de vista econômico, como uma estratégia para agregar valor a produtos ou serviços que têm características próprias relacionadas ao território ao qual estão inseridas, e assim, fortalecer o desenvolvimento territorial. Este instituto divide-se em indicação de procedência (IP) e denominação de origem (DO). O primeiro indica que produtos ou serviços procedem de determinado lugar, cujos elementos principais para sua caracterização são as ações do homem e o saber fazer. O segundo destaca que, além dos elementos de produção humana, requer que o produto se caracterize pelos elementos da natureza, tais como, relevo, clima e solo. Este instituto também visa proteger os produtos, os produtores e principalmente garantir a qualidade e a informação aos consumidores. A analise do presente artigo é caracterizada como qualitativa e descritiva e quanto aos meios de investigação classifica-se como bibliográfica. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada como meio de investigação em fontes secundárias. Procurou-se verificar como o instituto da IG pode promover o desenvolvimento territorial, identificando pontos fortes e vocações econômicas que podem tornar a região mais competitiva a partir da análise da experiência da IP dos Vales da Uva Goethe, na região de Urussanga – SC. O estudo demonstrou que as IGs podem ser verdadeiras catalisadoras do desenvolvimento territorial. Na experiência da Indicação de Procedência dos Vales da Uva Goethe observou-se importantes vantagens, sobretudo econômicas, após o reconhecimento, como o aumento nas vendas e o acesso a novos mercados. Além disso, identificou-se o desenvolvimento de atividades complementares como o enoturismo e a preservação da identidade local.

The European Union is one of the world’s leading wine producers and exporters. European vineyards are smaller than in other wine producing countries and are cultivated more labour-intensively. However, this economic disadvantage can become a benefit for supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services in vinicultural landscapes. Using cover crops in vineyards is a practice to reduce soil erosion and potentially enhance biodiversity. Field trials in VineDivers have shown this across a European transect (France, Austria, Spain and Romania). We analyzed the competitiveness of French wine from the Layon region on world markets with different field sites scenarios using a Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). For this purpose we took into account revenues and costs of grape production. Our results show that viniculture in Layon is competitive in the worldwide market but it is under pressure due to regulations to protect the wine production in French wine-regions. The regional value creation in producing high quality wine with a more environmental friendly production enables the vintners to earn higher profits.

HICL, Z.: Evaluation of viniculture in the Czech Republic from the perspective of industry and prediction of development until 2020 according to selected variables. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 7, pp. 89–100 This article analyzes the viniculture and viticulture in the Czech Republic from the perspective of industry and predicts the outlook of Czech viniculture and viticulture until 2020. The fi rst part of the article defi nes the methods and procedures of calculation and SWOT analysis. The contribution using the method of reliability bands predicts consumption of grapes per capita per year and further predicts sugar content in grapes during harvest in future years. Sugar content of grapes has been chosen as the indicator of quality of grapes and indicator of the level of wine growing systems. Based on an evaluation of the current state of viniculture and viticulture in the Czech Republic and results of statistical calculations it recommends in well-arranged way the basic directions of development of viniculture and viticulture. If the development does not deviate too much from statistically estimated parameters, it can be expected that viniculture and viticulture will develop successfully in the conditions existing in the Czech Republic as predicted by the article.

The presentation comprised first results of the evaluation of a sampling of earthworm populations at 8 sites of vine growing farms in Palatinate, Rheinhessen, Baden and at the Mosel river. The sites had been selected to cover criteria like the range of total copper contents and soil properties in the upper soil layer (0-20 cm), and practical aspects of sampling. Total abundance revealed to be a rather insensitive parameter at lower or medium copper loads. The relative distribution of abundance to life-forms and especially species diversity were much more sensitive parameters.

Odjemalci se danes težko odločajo za nakup v množici različnih izdelkov, saj so njihove zahteve in pričakovanja vse večja. Embalaža je dejavnik, ki lahko na samem mestu nakupa vpliva na nakupno odločitev. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega projekta bodo predstavljene različne vrste embalaže in njihove osnovne funkcije ter vedenjski odzivi odjemalcev in vloga embalaže v nakupnem procesu. Vpliv na odjemalce bo opredeljen tudi z vidika celostne grafične podobe. V okviru raziskovalnega projekta smo se osredotočili predvsem na vinogradništvo in vinsko embalažo ter celostno grafično podobo treh vinskih podjetij. Pregledali smo primer spremembe celostne grafične podobe in embalaže, primer uspešnega slovenskega vinskega podjetja, ki prodaja vina na tujih trgih, ter primer inovativne embalaže in celostne podobe iz Francije. Spoznali smo, da je celostna grafična podoba del identitetnega sistema in se izraža v vizualnem jeziku. Celostna podoba podjetja mora izhajati iz samega podjetja, njegove vizije, poslanstva, filozofije, ciljev, strategij in kulture. Clients are nowadays making very difficult decisions what to buy in a wide variety of products. Their demands and expectations are growing. Packaging is a factor that can effect the purchase decision on the spot. In theoretical part of the diploma project packaging and its basic functions will be presented, together with clients` behavioral response. The impact on clients will be defined also in terms of corporate identity. In the scope of diploma research the emphasis was on customer behaviour and the role of packaging in purchasing process and also its impact on customers and users. The main focuse was on viniculture where we present examples of packaging and identity of products of three wine companies. We reviewed one case of changes in corporate identity and packaging, one example of a successful Slovenian wine company that trades with wines on foreign markets and one example of innovative packaging and corporate identity from France. We have realized that corporate identity is a part of identity sistem and is reflected as visual language. Corporate identity must be built on company vision, mission, philosophy, goals, strategies and culture.

Стаття присвячена вивченню розвитку виноградарства та виноробства у німців Криму. Проаналізовано особливості закладки виноградників і динаміку їх поширення, показано місце вино-градарства в системі господарювання німців., Статья посвящена изучению развития виноградарства и виноделия у немцев Крыма. Проана-лизированы особенности закладки виноградников и динамика их распространения, показано место виноградарства в системе хозяйствования немцев., This paper is devoted to the study of viniculture and winegrowing of the Crimean Germans. The particular features of laying vineyards and dynamics of their distribution are analyzed, the place of vini-culture in the German economic system is shown.

Viniculture is one the most developed branches of agriculture in the Middles Ages on the territory of Vojvodina, and grapevine is one of the oldest agricultural crops. Wine, a drink that is a product of cultivation of grapevine, and a spiritual beverage of divine provenance, has a varied use: it is used in everyday and special occasions, to celebrate the patron saint’s day and important events in the family, and it is indispensable in Christian customs and church rituals. In this paper, we consider the knowledge and data obtained through ethnological researches concerning the role of wine in certain Christian customs and transition ceremonies in a human life cycle. Customs related to childbirth, marriage and funerals are the most important transition ceremonies in a human life cycle, along with the celebrations of many Christian holidays in which wine is used without exception. While observing the customs that are part of those ceremonies, we may notice many very different matters concentrated in them. That is mostly a result of many intertwinings and syncretisms of customs. With time, mostly due to modern views and notions, some elements are forgotten, and some are re-established, but with a different meaning. Even today, in various religious systems it is considered that deities and demons, as well as higher forces, can be propitiated and won over with both blood and bloodless sacrifices. We may say that wine has a dual role: it represents libation, but also a substitute for blood, and blood sacrifice. In terms of mythology, grapevine is a sacred tree and a symbol of immortality, and wine – the beverage of gods – of youth and eternal life.

In 2014, the National Wine Agency of the Republic of Georgia initiated a three-year "Research Project for the study of Georgian Grapes and Wine Culture. Through collaborative research by Georgian and foreign institutions and researchers, the project aims to: stimulate research of Georgian viticulture and viniculture, through the lens of the country with the earliest tradition of grape domestication and winemaking; and to reconstruct the continuous development of viticulture and wine culture through time. The project advances the study of grape and wine culture by utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, including: archaeology, history, ethnography, molecular genetics, biomolecular archaeology, palaeobotany, ampelography, enology, climatology and other scientific fields. These studies are diachronic in their approach, beginning with the oldest Neolithic civilizations, to present day, creating a holistic understanding of the continuity and complexity of Georgian Wine Culture to help popularize Georgian Wine throughout the global wine market.

Wine production in the northern Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, specifically the communes of Colombo and Almirante Tamandaré, is based mainly on the utilization of Vitis labrusca grapes var. Bordô (Ives). Total sugar content, pH, and total acidity were analyzed in red wine samples from 2007 and 2008 vintages following official methods of analysis. Moreover, total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were analyzed by colorimetric methodologies and the antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical methodology. Phenolic compounds were identified by high performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolic content of wine samples presented concentrations varying between 1582.35 and 2896.08 mg gallic acid.L-1 since the major part corresponds to flavonoid content. In these compounds' concentration range, a direct relationship between phenolic compounds content and levels of antioxidant activity was not observed. Among the identified phenolic compounds, chlorogenic, caffeic, and syringic acids were found to be the major components. Using three principal components, it was possible to explain 81.36% of total variance of the studied samples. Principal Components Analysis does not differentiate between vintages. A produção de vinhos ao norte de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, especificamente nas cidades de Colombo e Almirante Tamandaré, está baseada principalmente no uso de uvas Vitis labrusca var. Bordô (Ives). Os parâmetros - açúcar total, teor alcoólico, pH e acidez total - foram analisados em amostras de vinhos tintos das safras 2007 e 2008 por metodologias oficiais. Além disso, também foram determinadas as concentrações de compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides e taninos por métodos colorimétricos e a atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila (DPPH). Os compostos fenólicos foram identificados por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. A concentração de compostos fenólicos totais das amostras de vinho variou entre 1582,35 e 2896,08 mg de ácido gálico.L-1, com a maior parte correspondendo à concentração de flavonoides. Na faixa de concentração destes compostos, não foi encontrada relação direta entre compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante. Entre os compostos fenólicos identificados, os ácidos clorogênico e cafeico foram os componentes majoritários. Com o uso de três componentes principais, foi possível explicar 81,36% da variância total das amostras estudadas. A diferenciação entre as safras não foi possível com o uso da análise de componentes principais.

In this study, an attempt was made to clarify the influence of the climate variation on viniculture for the brewing in central Japan. First of all, some vineyards in central Japan were investigated. Next, as for the orchards in central part Japan, the cluster analysis was applied to various factors such as climate, topology and soils, and the clusters' features were clarified. Moreover, the local climate around the vineyards was simulated by using the climate easing evaluation model, and the feature of the climate was verified. Based on these results, the influences of the climate variation for the viniculture were examined. Those are as follows: 1）Vinicultures for brewing are seen mainly in central and northern Japan. Many new vineyards are opened in the north.Moreover, the breed of grape tends to be replaced by the one found in the south. 2）Grapes for brewing are often cultivated in the basin and the foothill of the inland. New vineyards are opened in the high basin even in central Japan. In one basin, grapes to be served fresh are grown on the lower part of the slope and grapes for the brewing are grown in the upper part of the slope. 3）For the viniculture, some methods are adopted to avoid precipitation in its glowing period. Heavy rain is often brought by the southwest wind, so the vineyards are opened at the eastern sides of the mountains which function as the rain shadow ofthe mountain. 4）There are vineyards not only in the inland but also on the hills near the sea coast. There, it is a little cool even in the summer hot days because of the height. In addition, by the invasion of the sea breeze, the temperature rise is controlled. 5）There are usually forests around the vineyards, especially on their upper part of slope. By such a slope of forest, the temperature rise is especially controlled on the extremely hot days during the growing period.

In this paper, the influence of the climate change in recent years on viniculture was examined. At first, the change of the grape garden areas in recent years in the northern part of Europe was clarified. Next, the change of viniculture in that region was compared with the change of the temperature in recent years. In addition, the influences of the factors other than the climate on viniculture were examined. The results are as follows.1）Commercial viniculture started inthe 1990's invarious places. Around the Atlantic Ocean, viniculture became possible even in Ireland, northern part of England, and souther npart of Netherland. In the Continent, viniculture restarted in the Baltic coast of Germany and the Baltic States. In Northern Europe, the first commercial grape garden was opened in Denmark and Sweden. 2）The mean temperature of September that relates with grape harvest has risen greatly in the major wine producing region in Europe since the 1990's. The mean temperature from April to October that relates to the quality of wine rose after the 1990's. By these changes, the viniculture condition became better in the north, but it became worse in the south. 3）Another factor that enabled commercial production of wine in the north, is technical development. Grape breed was improved and an excellent hybridization kind for the cool temperature appeared and was introduced into new grape gardens.Also the harvest method, such as late time harvest, was improved in the north. 4）In addition, the change of the social factor acted advantageously for the north, too. In the globalization, traditional wine production regions in EU received damages by the inflow ofwine from the new producing regions. Moreover, the name management system for wine producing region, like AOC of France, has been established and the producing region itself comes to possess great significance. In addition, by the change of lifestyle, the consumption of ordinary wine has decreased, while the needs for rare wine have increased., ワインは農産物の中でも，貿易上きわめて重要なものの一つである。2003年には，ワインは世界の農産物輸出額の3.3％を占め，小麦の3.1％をも上まわって最多となっている。ワイン輸出は1980年代後半より急速に拡大し，ワイン生産に占める国際貿易割合は，2001年には26％に増加した（岩佐和幸，2006）。ワインの生産地も，近年大きく変化している。伝統的なワイン産地のイタリア，フランス，スペインのみならず，新興のオーストラリア，チリ，米国，南アフリカなどで，生産とともに輸出も増大している。本論では，まず欧州北部を中心とした現在のワイン生産の実態を明らかにする。欧州北部でも，とくに新興のバルト海周辺などの北辺地域をとりあげる。次に，ワイン生産と気候変動との関わりについて分析する。さらに気候以外の要因とのかかわりについても検討を試みる。

En Mendoza, el valle de Uco ha sido elegido por grandes empresarios para la instalación de campos vitivinícolas irrigados con agua subterránea. Avalados por el Estado provincial para luchar contra la desertificación, el ingreso de estos empresarios modifica las áreas irrigadas tradicionalmente con agua superficial. Se analizan las políticas hídricas provinciales, la modificación de la estructura agraria y cómo los productores locales atraviesan este proceso. Se concluye que ocurre un proceso de enajenación del agua, de la tierra y de la producción que, sin embargo, el Estado difunde como el triunfo del hombre frente al avance del desierto y la escasez hídrica. In Mendoza, the Uco Valley was chosen by big entrepreneurs for setting up viticulture fields, irrigated with groundwater. With the approval of the provincial State to fight against desertification, the appearance of these entrepreneurs changes areas traditionally irrigated with surface waters. We analyze the provincial hydric policies, the modification of the agrarian structure, and how local producers are going through this process. We conclude that there is an alienation process of water, earth, and production that, nevertheless, is publicized by the State as the triumph of men over the advancement of desert and the lack of water. Dans la province de Mendoza, la vallée d'Uco était élue par ses grands entrepreneurs de champs vinicoles irrigues avec de l'eau souterraine. Assurés par l'état provincial pour lutter contre la désertification, l'entrée de ces entrepreneurs modifie les espaces irrigues traditionnellement avec de l'eau de la surface. On analyse les politiques hydriques provinciales, la modification de la structure agraire et comment les producteurs locaux surpassent ce processus. On conclut qu'il y a un processus d'aliénation de l'eau, de la terre et de la production, et néanmoins l'état diffuse cela en tant que le grand triomphe de l'homme en face de l'avance du désert et la manque hydrique. Em Mendoza, o vale do Uco foi escolhido por grandes empresários para a instalação de campos vitivinícolas irrigados com água subterrânea. Avaliados pelo Estado provincial para lutar contra a desertificação, a entrada destes empresários modifica as áreas irrigadas tradicionalmente com água superficial. As políticas hídricas provinciais, a modificação da estrutura agrária e como os produtores locais atravessam este processo é analisado. Conclui-se que acontece um processo de alienação d'água, da terra e da produção que, no entanto, o Estado espalha como triunfo do homem frente ao avanço do deserto e da escassez hídrica.

Pojawienie się żołnierzy rzymskich na obszarze prowincji Mezja Dolna nieuchronnie spowodowało transformację tych obszarów. Jej zaludnienie, początkowo słabe, uległo radykalnemu zwiększeniu, pojawiły się liczne wsie, nie brakowało ośrodków życia miejskiego, które w dobie panowania Sewerów zyskały na znaczeniu gospodarczym. Powstały wille zajmujące się produkcją rolną i rzemieślniczą. Nie ma jednak wątpliwości, że każdy aspekt życia gospodarczego Mezji Dolnej powiązany był z wojskiem. Prowincja gospodarczo ewaluowała, żeby zaspokoić potrzeby aprowizacyjne armii, co w efekcie doprowadziło do wykształcenia się rynku cywilnego. The paper presents the Roman army as the factor of change and economic transformation in the province of Lower Moesia. It addresses such issues as construction activities of the Roman army, development of the logistical base in order to meet the provisioning needs of the Roman troops. The main issue is the process of development of the local market of trade and production, as well as role of the Roman army in establishing and developing the fundamental branches of economy.

El estudio está centrado en dos aspectos relacionados con la instalación y desarrollo de la viticultura. Por un lado refiere al papel cumplido por una elite que operó desde una organización corporativa, la Asociación Rural del Uruguay, y su labor en la difusión de la viticultura. Por otra parte, el estudio indaga en la creación de redes de viñateros - en contacto o al margen de la elite- y los niveles de socialización de los conocimientos y prácticas de que eran portadores los inmigrantes europeos y canarios, así como sus conocimientos y experiencias adquiridas en Uruguay. Estos dos niveles no estaban totalmente incomunicados, y una de las funciones cumplidas por la ARU fue precisamente articularlos. En esta perspectiva de análisis, la investigación se detiene en el caso del Departamento de Salto que fuera, inicialmente, el primer productor en UruguayThe paper is focused on two dimensions of introduction and development of viniculture. On one hand, it briefly refers to the role of an elite starting from a corporative organization, the Asociación Rural del Uruguay (Rural Association of Uruguay), and its activity in disseminating viniculture. On the other hand, this study inquires into the creation of networks of vine-growers - in contact with, or at the margin of the elite- where knowledge and practices from abroad, brought by European and Canaries immigrants, as well as studies and experiences carried out in the Uruguayan soil were socialized. These two environments were not totally isolated, and one of ARU's accomplishments was precisely to try to articulate them. This perspective of the analysis investigates a particular case: Salto Department, which was initially, the first vine-growing region of Uruguay.

Des de finals dels anys vuitanta fins a l’actualitat, la comarca del Priorat ha experimentat un procés de desenvolupament local impulsat per l’activitat vitivinícola. Aquest article té com a objectiu identificar els canvis d’usos i cobertes del sòl ocorreguts durant aquest període, els quals han donat lloc a un nou mosaic agroforestal. El mètode d’anàlisi ha combinat l’explotació de dades estadístiques (censos agraris de 1989 i 1999) i de dades cartogràfiques (el Mapa de Cobertes del Sòl de Catalunya de 1993 i el de 2005-2007, analitzats mitjançant tecnologia SIG). Els canvis més rellevants fan referència a un increment del 51,4% de la superfície de cultiu vitícola entre 1989 i 2007, un fenomen que ha destacat especialment a la subzona del Priorat Geològic (+118,3%), caracteritzada per sòls de llicorella, on aquest increment s’ha produït a partir de la recuperació de parcel·les abandonades. Això ha minimitzat la dinàmica general d’abandonament de cultius a la muntanya mediterrània., Desde finales de los años ochenta hasta la actualidad, la comarca del Priorat ha experimentado un proceso de desarrollo local impulsado por la actividad vitivinícola. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los cambios de usos y cubiertas del suelo ocurridos durante este período, los cuales han dado lugar a un nuevo mosaico agroforestal. El método de análisis ha combinado la explotación de datos estadísticos (censos agrarios de 1989 y 1999) y de datos cartográficos (el Mapa de Cubiertas del Suelo de Catalunya de 1993 y el de 2005-2007, analizados mediante tecnología SIG). Los cambios más relevantes hacen referencia a un incremento del 51,4% de la superficie de cultivo vitícola entre 1989 y 2007, un fenómeno especialmente relevante en el área del Priorat Geológico (+118,3%), caracterizado por suelos pizarrosos, donde este incremento se ha producido a partir de la recuperación de parcelas abandonadas. Ello ha minimizado la dinámica general de abandono de cultivos en la montaña mediterránea., Since the late 80’s to the present, the Priorat region has undergone a process of local development driven by the viticulture and the wine industry. This paper aims to identify the land use and land cover changes that have occurred during this period, which have led to a new agroforestry mosaic. The method of analysis has combined the use of statistical data (agricultural censuses of 1989 and 1999) and mapping data (Land Cover Map of Catalonia 1993 and 2005-2007, which has been analyzed with GIS technology). The most significant changes relate to an increase of 51.4% of the vineyard growing area between 1989 and 2007, a phenomenon particularly relevant in the Geological Priorat area (+118.3%), characterized by slate soils, where this increase has been due to the recovery of abandoned plots, countering the general dynamics of crop abandonment in the Mediterranean mountain areas.

In this effort an attempt was made to analyse the geographical factors i.e. their objective impact on viniculture and wine tourism in the renowned Tikvesh Basin, which represents a symbol of this type of activities in the Republic of Macedonia. The need of such analysis resulted from the fact that this region comprises 8 % of the Republic’s territory and has established itself as an influential agricultural and economic region in the wider vicinity as well. For this purpose adequate methods were utilised such as: mathematical-statistical, cartographic, climatological, touristic, etc. One of the pillars of these research activities, which support the essential postulates of the effort, was the long-lasting terrain exploration. It all points to the final conclusion that the Tikvesh Basin features quite favourable natural and socio-geographical factors which enhance development of vine-growing, winery and wine tourism, whose outstanding potential has only modestly been utilised so far.

Rad razmatra širenje komercijalnih vinograda u Vinogorju Kutjevo 2000. – 2012. godine potaknuto mjerama nacionalne agrarne politike. Teorijski koncept istraživanja je model prostorne difuzije radi čijeg su objašnjavanja uvedeni termini korišteni u stranoj literaturi, poput S-krivulje, učinka susjedstva i učinka hijerarhije. Osnova su metodološkog pristupa telefonsko anketno istraživanje, istraživački razgovor (intervju) i terensko kartiranje u okviru kojih je ispitano 130 vinogradara ili 26,6 % od 488 vinogradara u Upisniku poljoprivrednih gospodarstava. Rezultati pokazuju da je Kutjevo bilo primarno difuzijsko žarište Vinogorja Kutjevo, da je početak i završetak širenja vinograda bio uvjetovan fi nancijskim razlozima te da je prihvaćanje vinograda u pojedinim naseljima ovisilo o njihovim razvojnim obilježjima (tipovima). Posljedica širenja vinograda je transformacija agrarnog pejzaža i začetak vinskog turizma u jezgri Vinogorja Kutjevo. Mogućnost razvoja vinogradarstva i vinskog turizma je stvaranje i umrežavanje klastera, čega su proizvođači svjesni., This paper considers the expansion of commercial vineyards in the Kutjevo wine-growing hills in the period from 2000 to 2012, as encouraged by national agrarian policy measures. The theoretical concept of the study is the spatial diffusion model. For its explanation, the terms used in the foreign literature, such as the S-curve, the neighbourhood effect and the hierarchy effect, have been introduced. The methodological approach was based on telephone surveys, interviews and field mapping. A total of 130 grapevine growers, or 26.6% of the total 488 grapevine growers listed in the Farm Register, were surveyed. The results show that Kutjevo was the primary focal point of diffusion in the Kutjevo wine-growing hills area, that the start and end of vineyard expansion was predicated on fi nancing, and that the adoption of vineyards in individual settlements was contingent on their developmental characteristics (types). The outcome of the expansion of vineyards was the transformation of the agrarian landscape and the start of wine tourism in the core of the Kutjevo wine-growing hills. The creation and networking of clusters presents an opportunity for the development of viniculture and wine tourism, and producers are aware of this.

Desde los años 80 hasta la actualidad, la comarca del Priorat (Tarragona) ha protagonizado un proceso de desarrollo local impulsado por la actividad vitivinícola, gracias a la adopción de un nuevo modelo productivo y al papel determinante que ha jugado la población local. En esta comunicación, se pretenden analizar los cambios de usos y cubiertas del suelo que ha propiciado dicho proceso. Los resultados más relevantes apuntan a una cierta recuperación de parcelas para el cultivo de la vid en las zonas más aptas, contrarrestando las dinámicas generales de abandono de tierras y transición forestal. Since the 80’s to the present, the Priorat region (Catalonia) has undergone a process of local development driven by the viniculture, through the success of a new production model and the key role that local people have played. In this communication, we seek to analyze the land-use/land-cover changes this process has led to. The most significant changes relate to the recovery of several plots for growing vines in those areas with better characteristics for viticulture. This phenomenon has countered the overall land abandonment and forest transition dynamics.

This thesis aims to provide an insight into the legal rules governing viticulture and winemaking, and their historical development. Furthermore, the current legal and factual situation as well as the current issues associated with the legislation in these fields are more closely examined in the thesis. An anonymous questionnaire had been created and sent to a selected group of small and medium-size viniculturists and wine producers in the Slovacko wine subregion in order to supplement the research and its aim of presenting the current legislation from de lege ferenda point of view.

This diploma thesis analyzes the importance of wine tourism - enotourism for viticulture and winemaking in Slovakia. The main aim of this work is determining the relevance and importance of this form of tourism for wine producers. The theoretical part states the base for the research design and provides the introduction into wine tourism. It also describes the current situation of the viticulture and winemaking in Slovakia as well as the situation of the tourism industry and its performance. The analytical part of the work deals with the evaluation of the current situation of wine tourism in Slovakia and assumptions of its development. The core of the analytical part is a questionnaire survey, which charts the attitudes and opinions of the wine producers on issues of winemaking, wine business and wine tourism in Slovakia. The final part analyzes the questionnaire survey supported by theoretical bases of the first part of the thesis and evaluates the importance of enotourism for viticulture and winemaking in Slovakia. This part includes also suggestions for improving the cross-sectorial links between tourism, viticulture and winemaking in Slovakia in order to expansion of this form of tourism.

The objective of the thesis is evaluation and proposal of marketing and communication strategy of Znovín Znojmo. In the first part, I explain the theory of marketing and creation of marketing and communication strategy. In the second part, I analyze the Czech wine market as seen by both producers and consumers, and I introduce current trends. Furthermore, I analyze marketing activities of the company and its competitors and evaluate its current situation. Based on the identified issues, I propose new marketing and communication strategy.

Wynvervaardiging was een van die eerste industrieë wat aan die Kaap gevestig is. Kwalitatiewe bronne lewer teenstrydige getuienis oor die impak wat die aankoms van Franse Hugenote aan die Kaap in 1688/89 op die wynindustrie gehad het. Deur van kwantitatiewe produksiedata oor 75 jaar van Europese vestiging aan die Kaap gebruik te maak, verklaar ons hoekom spesifieke Hugenote - dié wat van wynproduserende streke in Frankryk afkomstig was - beduidend meer produktief was as die ander setlaars. Standaard produksiefaktore verklaar nie die verskil nie: die Hugenote se wynkennis, - vermoëns en - geheime het verseker dat duursame wyn geproduseer is, wat onontbeerlik was vir verbygaande skepe. Hierdie geheimenisse van wynvervaardiging is oor generasies heen binne families bewaar, sodat hierdie families byna 'n eeu na hul aankoms steeds beter wynmakers was as die ander Europese afstammelinge. There is as yet little understanding of the impact of the arrival of French Huguenots during 1688/1689 on the Cape wine industry in the Dutch Cape Colony. Van Riebeeck already produced thefirst wine at the Cape in 1659. Under Company officials, notably Simon and Willem Adriaan van der Stel, production expanded rapidly until, at the turn of the 17th century, the Lords XVII in Amsterdam limited private farm ownership by Company officials and paved the way for free farmers to take up viticulture. These included the 159 French Huguenots that had arrived a decade earlier to augment the free European population at the Cape by at least a third. Not all farmers were instantly successful, however, and, after rapid early adoption, wine production increased piecemeal over the course of the eighteenth century. Most of this activity was restricted to the areas west of thefirst mountain ranges. We posit that the skills, knowledge and secrets of wine-making the French Huguenots possessed at their arrival allowed them to produce better quality wines more productively than the non-French settlers. By using quantitative production data - the opgaafrolle were collected for the purposes of taxation - over more than seven decades of European settlement, we show that the Huguenots produced significantly more wine and did so more productively than the other settlers. The dataset allows for a number of control variables, including inputs (vines and wheat reaped, which also acts as a proxy for land), other capital (slaves, horses and cattle) and labour (knechts, or European labourers). But the standard factors of production (land, capital and labour) do not explain the difference: the "additional advantage" of the Huguenots remain despite these controls. The only plausible alternative hypothesis is that the knowledge, skills and secrets of viticulture allowed these Huguenots to produce quality wine, an invaluable asset in thefight against scurvy on the long ship voyages between Europe and the East. We test this hypothesis by splitting the sample into two groups: those that originate from wine-producing provinces in France and those that originate from non-wine producing provinces. Using only this subsample (and thus eliminatingthe possibility of institutional differences between the French Huguenots and the other settlers), we show that the Huguenots from wine-producing regions are more adept at making quality wine than their Huguenot compatriots who originate from non-wine producing regions. The skills, knowledge or "secrets" of producing quality wine brought with them from France gave these Huguenots a competitive advantage, which allowed them to consistently secure a market for their produce and thus expand production.

A tanulmány a magyar szőlő-bor ágazatban vizsgálja a közvetlen értékesítés elterjedtségét, valamint a borászok erre való hajlandóságát. A kérdőíves vizsgálat 2010-ben az Egri borvidéken zajlott, melynek eredményei azt mutatták, hogy jelentős eltérés figyelhető meg az egyes borászatok között abban, hogy milyen mértékben és milyen hatékonyan alkalmazzák a közvetlen értékesítés különböző formáit.1 A borok közvetlen értékesítésének legfontosabb eredménye az, hogy megszűnik a termelő feldolgozóval, illetve kiskereskedelemmel szemben fennálló kiszolgáltatottsága. A fogyasztónak közvetlenül értékesített borok nyereségesebbek, mint a közvetítőkön keresztül történő értékesítésnél. A vásárlókkal, borfogyasztókkal közvetlen kapcsolattal növelhető az értékesítés, valamint hasznos tanácsok forrása lehet (pl. címke kialakítása). Emellett a borász önmaga felel az értékesítésért, a fogyasztókkal való jó kapcsolatért, így az értékesítés átláthatóbbá, kezelhetőbbé válik. A közvetlen értékesítés energiát és időt követel a borásztól, amit sok esetben csak alkalmazottak felvételével tud megoldani. Ez több kiadást, s nagyobb szervezettséget igényel. Emellett a közvetlen értékesítéssel az infrastruktúrát is bővíteni szükséges, ami további költségekkel jár, amit növel a különböző törvényi előírásoknak (pl. higiéniai előírásoknak) való megfelelés kényszere. A közvetlen értékesítéssel foglalkozó borászok számára számos fejlesztési lehetőség nyílik. Jelenleg a borászok nem, vagy csak korlátozottan használják ki az internetben rejlő lehetőségeket a borászat reklámozása, az online értékesítés vonatkozásában. A fogyasztókkal való folyamatos kapcsolat kialakításával lehetőség nyílik a fogyasztóbarát fejlesztések kialakítására (pl. csavarzár bevezetése). Fontos szerepe lehetne a borászok összefogásának, egy közös, valóban működő érdekvédelmi szervezet kialakításának is, amely elősegíthetné az egri borok marketingjét, együttes megjelenését. ---------------------------------------------- This paper looks at the scale of direct sales in Hungarian viticulture and viniculture, and the willingness of winemakers to engage in direct sales. The questionnaire-based research was conducted in 2010 in the winemaking region of Eger. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the wineries regarding the extent to which and the effectiveness at which various forms of direct sales were employed. The most important benefit of the direct selling of wine is that it eliminates the dependence of the producer to the processing firms and to retail trade. Selling wine directly to consumers generates greater profit than selling through intermediaries. Direct contact with customers and the consumers of wine can boost sales and be a source of useful advice (e.g. regarding label design). At the same time, winemakers themselves are responsible for sales and for good consumer relationship, which makes sales more transparent and manageable. Direct selling also requires time and energy on the part of the winemaker, which often requires hiring additional employees. This results in greater expenditure and requires more organisation efforts. Direct sales also requires additional infrastructure, which results in additional costs, partly to ensure compliance with various statutory requirements (e.g. hygiene). Various avenues for development are open to the winemakers engaged in direct selling. Currently, few winemakers fully exploit the opportunities provided by the Internet in terms of advertising or online sales. Continuous communication with the consumers allows the development of consumer-friendly innovations (e.g. replacing corks with a bottle-cap). Cooperation between the winemakers could go a long way towards establishing a joint industry organisation to protect their interests and to facilitate the joint marketing and presentation of Eger wines. The increasing input costs, which wineries are only partially able to collect from the selling prices, are a threat to winemakers. There is a lack of trust towards the cooperation of producers and towards industry bodies, which has negative consequences on the long term. The sector is missing a secure purchaser as the company Egervin, which went bankrupt. Another cause of uncertainty is the fact that several older winemakers have nobody to hand over the business to.

L’étude trace un panorama sur le rôle accompli par un groupe, réduit mais actif, d’immigrants métallurgistes français, aux origines du modèle vitivinicole de Mendoza et San Juan, deux provinces situées au Centre-Ouest du pays et qui constituent la région fondamentale vitivinicole argentine. Le cadre temporel correspond à la période 1885-1930, c’est-à-dire entre la connexion ferroviaire de ces deux provinces avec Buenos Aires et la grande crise de 1930. On essaie d’identifier les fondateurs et les propriétaires des ateliers réparateurs et producteurs d’équipements agricoles pour les bodegas et distilleries industrielles, et aussi de montrer quelques traits de leur activité. Le travail repose sur des enquêtes réalisées par l’auteur auprès d’informateurs qualifiés, et tout particulièrement les descendants des fondateurs et propriétaires de certains ateliers. Les sources existantes ont également été consultées dans des archives et bibliothèques provinciales et nationales de Mendoza, San Juan et Buenos Aires. The metallurgical French immigrants in the origins of the wine model of Mendoza and San Juan, Argentine (1885-1930). The study outlines a panorama on the role fulfilled by a limited but active group of metallurgical French immigrants in the origins of the wine model of Mendoza and San Juan, two provinces placed in the Argentine Center-West, that constitute the principal Argentine wine region. The temporary frame understands the period 1885-1930, between the railway connection of both provinces with Buenos Aires, and the great crisis of 1930. We try to identify founders and owners of repair workshops and producers of agricultural equipments for wineries and industrial distilleries, and also to show some features of their activity. The work rests on surveys realized by the author to qualified informants and particularly to descendants of founders and owners of some workshops. Likewise, existing sources were consulted in provincial and national archives and libraries of Mendoza, San Juan and Buenos Aires.

Although Van Riebeeck already produced the first wine at the Cape in 1659, the arrival of French Huguenots during 1688/89 gave considerable impetus to Cape wine production. The reasons for this remain unclear. By using quantitative production data over more than a century of European settlement, we show that a subgroup of Huguenots – specifically those originating from wine producing regions in France – produced significantly more wine and more productively than the other settlers. Standard factors of production do not explain the difference: the knowledge, skills and secrets of viticulture allowed these Huguenots to produce quality wine, an invaluable asset in the fight against scurvy on the long ship voyages between Europe and the East. These competitive advantages were passed down over generations, so that, even a century after arrival, the families with the initial advantage were still more adept at wine-making.

Na podravskom dijelu sjeverozapadne Bilogore od polovine 18. stoljeća, pa sve do sedamdesetih godina 20. stoljeća stvarani su tradicijom nadahnuti arhitektonski oblici klijeti, objekata združene gospodarske i boravišne funkcije. Danas su nažalost čak i njihovi ruševni ostaci izuzetno rijetki, što alarmantno upozorava na potrebu njihove zaštite. Ova je graditeljska baština skromna i gotovo nepoznata, ali to naravno ne znači da je i manje vrijedna. Estetska težnja vlasnika i graditelja prožela je njene oblike jednostavno i iskreno rezultirajući nesumnjivom umjetničkom vrijednošću. Arhitekturu ovih klijeti odlikuje izuzetno stilsko jedinstvo, čistoća i jednostavnost funkcijom nadahnutih oblika, uravnoteženost kompozicije, mjerilo prilagođeno čovjeku i ljepota upravo takvih proporcija. Korištenje materijala iz neposrednog prirodnog okoliša, te znalačka vještina seoskih graditelja da materijal koriste u skladu s njegovim svojstvima, ukazuju na povezanost i međusobno razumijevanje čovjeka i prirode, iz čega na kraju i prizlazi visokovrijedan ambijent nastao kao simbioza ove odmjerene arhitekture i pripitomljenog krajolika. Prema različitim formalnim elementima vanjskog oblikovanja građevine, kao i oblikovanju njima specifičnih prostora izdvajaju se tipovi, koji ujedno kronološki pobliže određuju razvojnu liniju arhitekture bilogorskih klijeti., From the mid-eighteenth century through the 1970s, vineyared huts built on the Podravina face of north-west Bilogora were inspired by traditional architectural forms as structures that combined functional and residential aspects. Unfortunately, such huts are now quite rare, even in the form of ruins and remnants, which is an alamring indication of the need to preserve them. This building heritage is scarce and practically unknown, which, of course, does not diminish its value. The simple and honest aesthetic aspiration of hut owners and builders has imbued the resulting forms with incontrovertible artistic value. The architecture of these huts stands out for its exceptional stylistic peculiarity, the purity and simplicity of functionally-inspired forms, balanced composition, dimensions tailored to human needs and the very beauty of such proportions. The use of materials found in the immediate natural surroundings and the exceptional skill of rural builders in utilising such materials in line with their properties clearly suggest the links and mutual understanding between people and nature, which eventually results in a highly valuable ambient created as a symbiosis of this well-measured architecture and the tamed landscape. Different formal elements of exterior building design as well as their specific interior design allow us to identify certain types which, at the same time, define the developmental chronology of the artchitecture of Bilogora vineyard huts.

The thesis deals with wine as with the target of travelling in Slovakia and it focusses also on the position of this beverage in Slovak gastronomy. The work is divided into three main parts. The first one is dedicated to wine in connection with culture, gastronomy and tourism. The second part of the thesis is focussed on the current situation of viniculture in Slovakia and the last part describes the current position of enotourism and analyses the potential of wine in tourism and gastronomy of this country.

Url: http://sutad.selcuk.edu.tr/sutad/article/view/410, Osmanlılar döneminde Anadolu’da ziraatı yapılan tarım ürünlerinin içerisinde meyve-sebze üretiminin önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Meyveler içerisinde en fazla üretimi yapılan ürünler, üzüm ve ceviz iken, sebzeler içerisinde ise soğan ve sarımsak diğer ürünlere göre öne çıkmaktadır. İncelenen dönem içerisinde, badem, kayısı, erik, elma, armut, kiraz, dut, nar, kestane, fındık, kavun, karpuz, bezelye gibi ürünlerin de ziraatı yapılmaktadır., In the Ottoman Period fruit and vegetable-fruit growing had an important place among/within the Anatolian agricultural production. Among the fruits, grape and walnut production were more than the other fruit production and among the vegetable products onion and garlic productions were considerable. Furthermore, there was agriculture of products like as almond, apricot, plum, apple, pear, cherry, mulberry, pomegranate, chestnut, nut, melon, watermelon and pea in this period.

L’étude trace un panorama sur le rôle accompli par un groupe, réduit mais actif, d’immigrants métallurgistes français, aux origines du modèle vitivinicole de Mendoza et San Juan, deux provinces situées au Centre-Ouest du pays et qui constituent la région fondamentale vitivinicole argentine. Le cadre temporel correspond à la période 1885-1930, c’est-à-dire entre la connexion ferroviaire de ces deux provinces avec Buenos Aires et la grande crise de 1930. On essaie d’identifier les fondateurs et les propriétaires des ateliers réparateurs et producteurs d’équipements agricoles pour les bodegas et distilleries industrielles, et aussi de montrer quelques traits de leur activité. Le travail repose sur des enquêtes réalisées par l’auteur auprès d’informateurs qualifiés, et tout particulièrement les descendants des fondateurs et propriétaires de certains ateliers. Les sources existantes ont également été consultées dans des archives et bibliothèques provinciales et nationales de Mendoza, San Juan et Buenos Aires. The study outlines a panorama on the role fulfilled by a limited but active group of metallurgical French immigrants in the origins of the wine model of Mendoza and San Juan, two provinces placed in the Argentine Center-West, that constitute the principal Argentine wine region. The temporary frame understands the period 1885-1930, between the railway connection of both provinces with Buenos Aires, and the great crisis of 1930. We try to identify founders and owners of repair workshops and producers of agricultural equipments for wineries and industrial distilleries, and also to show some features of their activity. The work rests on surveys realized by the author to qualified informants and particularly to descendants of founders and owners of some workshops. Likewise, existing sources were consulted in provincial and national archives and libraries of Mendoza, San Juan and Buenos Aires. Fil: Pérez Romagnoli, Eduardo Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina