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We describe combinatorial techniques for studying log Calabi-Yau surfaces. These can be viewed as generalizing the techniques for studying toric varieties in terms of their character and cocharacter lattices. These lattices are replaced by certain integral linear manifolds described in [GHK11], and monomials on toric varieties are replaced with the canonical theta functions defined in [GHK11] using ideas from mirror symmetry. We classify deformation classes of log Calabi-Yau surfaces in terms of the geometry of these integral linear manifolds. We then describe the tropicalizations of theta functions and use them to generalize the dual pairing between the character and cocharacter lattices. We use this to describe generalizations of dual cones, Newton and polar polytopes, Minkowski sums, and finite Fourier series expansions. We hope that these techniques will generalize to higher rank cluster varieties.