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En este artículo se presenta el estatuto de la forma en el libro Zeta de la Metafísica, a partir del debate contemporáneo. Para ello, se comentan los pasajes fundamentales de Zeta que han dado lugar a interpretar la forma en términos de particularidad o universalidad. El propósito de este trabajo consiste en mostrar si la forma en Aristóteles es particular, es decir, única y peculiar, o es universal, es decir, común y compartida por varios individuos.

An existing iterative implicit flow solver based on direct divergence-linked pressure correction is adapted for finite difference discretization with a modified form of Crank-Nicolson time integration and a co-located mesh system. The latter is judged to be more suitable for curved and free boundary applications. The convergence of such a flow solver is investigated with a novel combined experimental and theoretical analysis based on linear stability theory. The analyses showed that the critical relaxation factors depend on local flow and mesh parameters. The modified Crank-Nicolson time interation makes use of a backward-forward coefficient w. A scheme for choosing a variable w is proposed which, while still maintains second-order accuracy, was shown to be well behaved in test computations with suddenly-started initial conditions. As part of this investigation, the method of high-order Lagrange extrapolation for the pressure on the boundary was found to be both accurate and easy to implement. For the treatments of curved boundaries, our computational methods explicitly define curved boundaries and implement pressure boundaries and Neumann condition on curved boundaries with second order accuracy. The basic concept is to define the boundary by a set of boundary nodes on the chosen mesh and evaluate the flow variables on the boundary through the boundary conditions of the basic differential equations. The proposed method is validated by test computations for the 2-D spin-up problem and the flow past a circular cylinder. For free surface flow problems, we developed a front tracking procedure tracking the interfacial markers explicitly and maintaining the sharp property discontinuities and jump conditions on the free interface. The residuals of normal interfacial momentum equations are employed to correct guessed interface positions until all governing equations and boundary conditions are satisfied. This front tracking procedure is validated by 2-D droplet cylinder oscillation and homogeneous bubble growth problems.

This dissertation reconstructs the original scope, diversity, and popularity of late 19th-century local color writing. Regional writing in the United States--an ostensibly rooted local form--offered a range of highly mutable, mobile and often contradictory ways of mediating between regional, national, and international audiences. Genteel, feminine sketches of New England village life shared their cultural moment with often highly masculinized Western, Midwestern, and Southern texts marketed by writers who were variously allied with the traditions of humor, ethnography, travel narratives, and the problem novel. A genre which has been characterized as aesthetically refined--a minor form of highbrow art--was also characterized by celebrities, stunts, and national bestsellers. The first three chapters of this dissertation focus on originary moments in the history of local color, reevaluating Harriet Beecher Stowe (and the literary tradition ascribed to her influence) in the context of several now all-but-forgotten regional celebrities like Bret Harte, Joaquin Miller, Edward Eggleston, and Mary Noailles Murfree. The fourth chapter considers the relationships of two well-known writers--Sarah Orne Jewett and Charles Waddell Chesnutt--to the local communities which would become their primary subject matter. Jewett's artistry was supported by an extensive transcontinental network of female friends; Chesnutt's journals and earliest writings illustrate his growing awareness of potential audiences and market opportunities, and his belief that regional writing could be a vehicle for intervention in ongoing literary constructions of identity, region, and race. Chapter Five addresses the uses of tourist characters in local color stories; Chapter Six is a close study of a novel centered on a teacher, Sarah Pratt McLean's Cape Cod Folks. The dual figures of the tourist and the teacher demonstrate the two impulses central to the genre; that is, the desire to assimilate and the desire to create difference.