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Scitility’s tool Argos identifies work whose authors have a record of misconduct.

Data from giant project show how withdrawn research propagates through the literature.

The pulp and paper industry is an important contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions1,2. Country-specific strategies are essential for the industry to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, given its vast heterogeneities across countries3,4. Here we develop a comprehensive bottom-up assessment of net greenhouse gas emissions of the domestic paper-related sectors for 30 major countries from 1961 to 2019—about 3.2% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from the same period5—and explore mitigation strategies through 2,160 scenarios covering key factors. Our results show substantial differences across countries in terms of historical emissions evolution trends and structure. All countries can achieve net-zero emissions for their pulp and paper industry by 2050, with a single measure for most developed countries and several measures for most developing countries. Except for energy-efficiency improvement and energy-system decarbonization, tropical developing countries with abundant forest resources should give priority to sustainable forest management, whereas other developing countries should pay more attention to enhancing methane capture rate and reducing recycling. These insights are crucial for developing net-zero strategies tailored to each country and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 for the pulp and paper industry.

Whistleblowers raise questions about the processing and sharing of raw data.

For a century, scientists pondered whether bird flight evolved by animals gliding down from trees or by creatures running and flapping from the ground up. A landmark 1974 paper reset the debate to focus on the evolution of the flight stroke instead.

The paper-folding mechanism has been widely adopted in building of reconfigurable macroscale systems because of its unique capabilities and advantages in programming variable shapes and stiffness into a structure1–5. However, it has barely been exploited in the construction of molecular-level systems owing to the lack of a suitable design principle, even though various dynamic structures based on DNA self-assembly6–9have been developed10–23. Here we propose a method to harness the paper-folding mechanism to create reconfigurable DNA origami structures. The main idea is to build a reference, planar wireframe structure24whose edges follow a crease pattern in paper folding so that it can be folded into various target shapes. We realized several paper-like folding and unfolding patterns using DNA strand displacement25with high yield. Orthogonal folding, repeatable folding and unfolding, folding-based microRNA detection and fluorescence signal control were demonstrated. Stimuli-responsive folding and unfolding triggered by pH or light-source change were also possible. Moreover, by employing hierarchical assembly26we could expand the design space and complexity of the paper-folding mechanism in a highly programmable manner. Because of its high programmability and scalability, we expect that the proposed paper-folding-based reconfiguration method will advance the development of complex molecular systems.

The number of articles being retracted rose sharply this year. Integrity experts say that this is only the tip of the iceberg.

Studies to tackle air quality in Delhi and solve the mystery of an emerging pathogen are among those helping to raise the profile of Indian science.

Theories of scientific and technological change view discovery and invention as endogenous processes1,2, wherein previous accumulated knowledge enables future progress by allowing researchers to, in Newton’s words, ‘stand on the shoulders of giants’3–7. Recent decades have witnessed exponential growth in the volume of new scientific and technological knowledge, thereby creating conditions that should be ripe for major advances8,9. Yet contrary to this view, studies suggest that progress is slowing in several major fields10,11. Here, we analyse these claims at scale across six decades, using data on 45 million papers and 3.9 million patents from six large-scale datasets, together with a new quantitative metric—the CD index12—that characterizes how papers and patents change networks of citations in science and technology. We find that papers and patents are increasingly less likely to break with the past in ways that push science and technology in new directions. This pattern holds universally across fields and is robust across multiple different citation- and text-based metrics1,13–17. Subsequently, we link this decline in disruptiveness to a narrowing in the use of previous knowledge, allowing us to reconcile the patterns we observe with the ‘shoulders of giants’ view. We find that the observed declines are unlikely to be driven by changes in the quality of published science, citation practices or field-specific factors. Overall, our results suggest that slowing rates of disruption may reflect a fundamental shift in the nature of science and technology.

Artificial-intelligence developers are buying access to valuable data sets that contain research papers — raising uncomfortable questions about copyright.

Experiments reveal that human skin is most reliably cut by specific thicknesses of paper, including the kind used to print certain high-profile journals.

ERROR project borrows a strategy from the software industry.

Unreliable data, falsification and other issues related to misconduct are driving a growing proportion of retractions.

Scientists compiling a review scan more than 1,000 papers and find troubling images in some 10%.

Browser plug-in alerts users when studies — or their references — have been posted on a site known for raising integrity concerns.

This journal will double down on efforts to diversify the pool of corresponding authors and referees.

EXCLUSIVE: Poor-quality studies are polluting the literature — a group will study the businesses that produce them to stem the flow of bogus research.

Naturetalks to Sholto David about his process for flagging image manipulation and his tips for scientists under scrutiny.

Some publishers say they are battling industrialized cheating. A Natureanalysis examines the ‘paper mill’ problem — and how editors are trying to cope.

An unpublished analysis suggests that there are hundreds of thousands of bogus ‘paper-mill’ articles lurking in the literature.

Borrowing the idea of ‘bug bounties’ from the technology industry could provide a systematic way to detect and correct the errors that litter the scientific literature.

An analysis of DOIs suggests that digital preservation is not keeping up with burgeoning scholarly knowledge.

Elisabeth Bik quit her job to spot errors in research papers — and has become the public face of image sleuthing.

Neuroscientist Sergiy Sylantyev tells Naturethat science and war cannot be separated.

Nanotubes plus paper make for flexible batteries.

Data on Sci-Hub activity prompts discussion about why the research-paper website is so popular.

Researchers on social media buzzed about an article that showed a growing citation rate for older papers.

Intriguing correlation mined from 140,000 papers.

Scienceretracts paper linking virus to chronic fatigue syndrome.

By designing an autonomous system that fed prompts to the chatbot, researchers produced a paper that was fluent and insightful. Yet they still have concerns.

Text- and image-generating tools present a new hurdle for efforts to tackle the growing number of fake papers making their way into the academic literature.

Alex's final experiments reveal a talent for numbers that was on a par with chimpanzees.

Critics raise questions about rush to publication.

First survey to quantify problem finds that junior faculty are more likely to be targeted.

Member of editorial board quits as editor defends publication.

Work by infamous AIDS contrarian passes peer review.

Analysis suggests an increasing tendency to exaggerate and polarize results.

Long-awaited plan would exempt computer-aided harvesting from EU copyright law.

Giant survey suggests journals should pay more attention to detecting inappropriate duplications.

Virus study used data released online without adequate acknowledgement, researcher complains.

'RNA nanoconstruction' has been the focus of a decade-long controversy.

Physicists have posted 150 manuscripts to the arXiv preprint server in the wake of December's announcement.

Millions of scientific articles remain freely accessible despite copyright violations.

Whistle-blower’s study suggests informing authorities privately is less likely to lead to corrective action.

Conference proceedings removed from subscription databases after scientist reveals that they were computer-generated.

Analysis of science on social media service finds little correlation with standard measures of academic success.

Mathematical model allows the success of publications — and perhaps scientists — to be forecasted.

New policy follows efforts by other journals to bolster standards of data analysis.

High-profile reports claiming an easy way to create pluripotent cells were flawed, Natureannounces.

Change of journal does not convince critics that rat diseases were caused by genetically modified maize.