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Magistrates, judges and prosecutors, as the main actors on the legal scene, do not benefit from absolute immunity, therefore they can be held legally liable, which wears the five forms, respectively: criminal, civil, moral, contraventional and disciplinary. To avoid this, magistrates must demonstrate good faith and responsibility, both professionally and personally. In the paper, special emphasis is placed on disciplinary liability, indicating what constitutes disciplinary misconduct, what is its structure and what are disciplinary violations, as well as disciplinary sanctions with the addition of examples from the practice of the two sections of the Superior Council of Magistracy, as a disciplinary court, as well as the panel of 5 judges of the ÎCCJ, as an appeals court. At the end, the disciplinary process is presented, indicating the stages that must be completed in order to bring the magistrate judge or prosecutor to disciplinary responsibility. In the paper, I proposed by law ferenda, the addition within article 271 of Law no. 303/2022 regarding the status of judges and prosecutors of the disciplinary offense of noncompliance with the decisions of the Constitutional Court or the decisions issued by the ÎCCJ, in the resolution of appeals in the interest of the law and in the prior resolution of some legal issues; because there is an extremely high risk that the magistrates will not give importance to these decisions, since their non-compliance is no longer provided as a disciplinary offence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the level of Romanian legislation, the accountability of deliberative authorities – the Government, local councils, or county councils – is regulated within a complex framework that includes both specific legal provisions and general principles of the rule of law. The observance of these regulations highlights both positive aspects and areas where institutional efficiency often encounters obstacles. This paper aims to analyze, at the level of local public administration, the manner in which the accountability of deliberative authorities is regulated and, more importantly, how the regulation manages to cover difficult situations arising in the functioning of the institution without affecting the basic architecture of the state. The study also presents a specific case where the accountability of a local council intervenes and follows the entire process of applying the regulation with all its consequences. The conclusion, reflected in the title of the paper, states that the institution is not fully protected in extreme situations; moreover, the intervention of a form of accountability–specifically, the dissolution of the local council – results in affecting the constitutional principle of local autonomy, allowing the functioning of an administrative-territorial unit without a deliberative authority for the entire duration of a mandate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"GEOFFREY CHAUCER, OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE "THE FATHER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE," WAS A REMARKABLE POET, WRITER, AND CIVIL SERVANT WHO LIVED DURING THE 14TH CENTURY. HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO ENGLISH LITERATURE ARE IMMEASURABLE, AND HIS WORK HAS LEFT AN INDELIBLE MARK ON THE LITERARY LANDSCAPE." (HTTPS://VANDANASHARMA.IN/LITERATURE-EXPLAINED/GEOFFREY-CHAUCER/ ) "PERHAPS THE CHIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF CHAUCER'S WORKS ARE THEIR VARIETY IN SUBJECT MATTER, GENRE, TONE, AND STYLE AND IN THE COMPLEXITIES PRESENTED CONCERNING THE HUMAN PURSUIT OF A SENSIBLE EXISTENCE. YET HIS WRITINGS ALSO CONSISTENTLY REFLECT AN ALL-PERVASIVE HUMOUR COMBINED WITH SERIOUS AND TOLERANT CONSIDERATION OF IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS. FROM HIS WRITINGS CHAUCER EMERGES AS POET OF LOVE, BOTH EARTHLY AND DIVINE, WHOSE PRESENTATIONS RANGE FROM LUSTFUL CUCKOLDRY TO SPIRITUAL UNION WITH GOD. THEREBY, THEY REGULARLY LEAD THE READER TO SPECULATION ABOUT MAN'S RELATION BOTH TO HIS FELLOWS AND TO HIS MAKER, WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY PROVIDING DELIGHTFULLY ENTERTAINING VIEWS OF THE FRAILTIES AND FOLLIES, AS WELL AS THE NOBILITY, OF MANKIND." (HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/BIOGRAPHY/GEOFFREY-CHAUCER ) I STRUCTURED MY PAPER INTO THREE PARTS: THE FIRST PART PRESENTS CHAUCER'S EARLY LIFE AND BACKGROUND, HIS ROLE AS A CIVIL SERVANT AND DIPLOMAT AND HIS POLITICAL CAREER. THE SECOND PART IS CONCENTRATED ON CHAUCER'S LITERARY ACTIVITY MORE EXACTLY THE THREE PERIODS OF CREATIONS. THE THIRD PART WILL FOCUS ON THE WRITER'S MASTERPIECE "THE CANTERBURY TALES". THE PAPER'S FINAL PART EMPHASES CHAUCER'S EVERLASTING LEGACY AND CONTINUES WITH THE CONCLUSIONS. "CHAUCER'S WORK REMINDS US OF THE ENDURING POWER OF STORYTELLING AND ITS ABILITY TO TRANSCEND TIME AND CULTURE, MAKING HIM A REVERED FIGURE IN THE WORLD OF LITERATURE." (HTTPS://VANDANASHARMA.IN/LITERATURE-EXPLAINED/GEOFFREY-CHAUCER/) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to analyse the institution of double criminality as a procedural condition for various judicial cooperation procedures in criminal matters in the European legal system. The analytical approach will begin by establishing the legal nature of double criminality, which has been the subject of an extensive legal doctrinal debate. The study will tackle the main arguments presented and will comment on the consequences of each one, establishing why a certain view of double criminality is preferable over another. Next, the author will focus on how the requirement of double criminality is assessed in transnational criminal proceedings, focusing on the in concreto-in abstracto dichotomy, as it has been promoted in the legal literature. This section of the study will be built around the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which, as it will become apparent throughout the paper, has promoted a view that is not free of inconsistencies in regard to identical issues. The author will try, as well, to discuss the way in which the case law of the European Court and the guiding principles on the assessment of double criminality have been transposed nationally. In addition, the author will analyse the situations in which the double criminality check is abolished, having as a starting point the rationale behind the choice of those specific criminal behaviours. Finally, the author will also consider the possible problems arising in regard to the effectiveness of the cooperation procedures, by trying to establish whether the 32 offences on the list can be harmonised at an European level so as to protect the effectiveness of the cooperation procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the identification in the current legislation of two hypotheses with a correspondent in the practice of the courts – the annulment of the decision with referral for retrial and the regulator of competence in which the issue of functional incompetence is raised –, we could observe how pressure can be generated on the judge who is put to the line between one's own responsibility and the appearance of impartiality. Stated differently, the paper looks at how the judge's value-oriented conviction can be called into question by the suspicion of an objective observer, all under the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unfortunate events of recent years, due to the non-fulfillment or irresponsible fulfillment of service duties, have brought to the fore the discussions regarding administrative responsibility and liability. The paper below analyzes these two notions in a general way, then from a legal point of view and from the point of view of administrative law. Based on them, we formulate some conclusions and propose solutions, which we consider effective at this moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims at analysing the current regulatory and jurisprudential framework regarding administrative and patrimonial liability for damages caused by illegal, typical and similar administrative acts. The paper also presents the effective judicial remedies available to individuals and legal entities to repair any material or moral damage caused by the action or inaction of the administration and proposals for a coherent and uniform regulation and judicial practice for the benefit of litigants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyzes the aspects and implications of public authorities' liability in the case of material and moral damages suffered by citizens as a result of organizational and functional deficiencies within public services. The study focuses on identifying and evaluating cases in which state authorities can be considered solely responsible for these damages, highlighting the importance of efficient governance and competent management in public institutions. A scientific research on the liability of public authorities requires both an understanding of the existing legal framework and an investigation of its practical and theoretical implications. In our analysis, we will attempt to answer the following questions: What are the specific legal criteria by which the existence of „organizational and functional deficiencies" in public services in Romania is determined? How is material or moral damage established and quantified in the context of the patrimonial liability of public authorities? What mechanisms exist to ensure transparency and effective accountability of public authorities in the event of damages caused by organizational deficiencies? To what extent does administrative-patrimonial liability ensure a balance between the efficiency of public service and the protection of citizens' rights? What are the challenges in legal practice in demonstrating the causal link between public service deficiencies and the damage caused? What role does jurisprudence play in the evolution of the interpretation and application of the concept of liability for deficiencies in public services in Romania? The article addresses the evolution and complexity of administrative liability within the Romanian legal system, marking the transition from a traditional perception, where administrative liability was often confused with civil or criminal liability, to a distinct and institutionalized recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"IN THIS PAPER, WE AIM TO HIGHLIGHT THE MODERN CHARACTER OF THE ROMANIAN ANTHROPONYMIC SYSTEM IN GORJ AND THE TRENDS IT APPEARS TO FOLLOW. WE FOCUS ON THE ANALYSIS OF FIRST NAMES BECAUSE THEY HAVE A MOBILE CHARACTER, BEING THE MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO CHANGE. WE DO NOT INTEND TO CLASSIFY NAMING FORMULAS, ANALYZE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CALENDAR NAMES AND SECULAR NAMES, OR ANALYZE CURRENT SECULAR FIRST NAMES, BUT RATHER TO ANALYZE THE FIRST NAME SYSTEM AS A WHOLE, BASED ON FREQUENCY FIGURES. THE TRENDS THAT THE ANTHROPONYMIC SYSTEM IN GORJ EXHIBITS CAN BE HIGHLIGHTED THROUGH THE COMPARATIVE METHOD." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to analyse whether art. 365 of the Criminal Code represents a correct or flawed transposition of art. 7 of Directive 2013/40/EU. Taking into consideration the evolution of cybercrime from the perspective of using new forms of "software programs", this analysis will address some questions raised during the study of the transposition choices made by the Romanian legislator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines how the crisis phenomenon is discussed in the Romanian public communication environment. The authors argue that in the current context, where society is marked by multiple crises, the term “permacrisis” has become relevant, describing a state of permanent crisis affecting the society at multiple levels. The authors analysed how the topic of crisis has been represented in the Romanian media, focusing on articles published online between 2017 and 2022. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the study highlights a significant increase in crisis-related mentions since 2020, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This increase indicates a shift in public perception and media discourse, suggesting the normalisation and acceptance of the crisis as a constant state. Four dominant themes associated with the crisis were identified in media discourse: the economic crisis, the health crisis generated by COVID-19, the domestic political crisis and the crisis generated by the war in Ukraine. These themes illustrate the different facets of the permacrisis in Romania, from the economic and social impact, to political uncertainty and the consequences of pandemics and geopolitical conflicts. The paper highlights the importance of recognising and understanding the phenomenon of permacrisis in Romanian society in order to develop more eff ective strategies for managing crises and building a more resilient society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)