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• A fluorescent probe, leonurine-P, was facilely prepared from coupling FITC and the small-molecule phytodrug leonurine. • Leonurine-P can be used to visualize spatiotemporal dynamics processes such as drug uptake and distribution in C. elegans and living cells. • Leonurine-P can be further explored in standard fluorescence imaging or flow cytometric platforms to allow quantitative analyses. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been recognized for being a useful model organism in small-molecule drug screens and drug efficacy investigation. However, there remain bottlenecks in evaluating such processes as drug uptake and distribution due to a lack of appropriate chemical tools. This study aims to prepare fluorescence-labeled leonurine as an example to monitor drug uptake and distribution of small molecule in C. elegans and living cells. FITC-conjugated leonurine (leonurine-P) was synthesized and characterized by LC/MS, NMR, UV absorption and fluorescence intensity. Leonurine-P was used to stain C. elegans and various mammalian cell lines. Different concentrations of leonurine were tested in conjunction with a competing parent molecule to determine whether leonurine-P and leonurine shared the same biological targets. Drug distribution was analyzed by imaging. Fluorometry in microplates and flow cytometry were performed for quantitative measurements of drug uptake. The UV absorption peak of leonurine-P was 490∼495 nm and emission peak was 520 nm. Leonurine-P specifically bound to endogenous protein targets in C. elegans and mammalian cells, which was competitively blocked by leonurine. The highest enrichment levels of leonurine-P were observed around 72 h following exposure in C. elegans. Leonurine-P can be used in a variety of cells to observe drug distribution dynamics. Flow cytometry of stained cells can be facilely carried out to quantitatively detect probe signals. The strategy of fluorescein-labeled drugs reported herein allows quantification of drug enrichment and visualization of drug distribution, thus illustrates a convenient approach to study phytodrugs in pharmacological contexts. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the predicted maxillary molar distalization with the achieved clinical outcome using the palatal rugae area for registration and superimposition of digital models. Understanding Invisalign efficiency may assist clinicians in predicting changes, thus applying specific measures to minimize the chance of midcourse correction later.Methods: The study sample included 38 patients with a mean age of 25.4 years, eligible for Invisalign treatment and requiring distalization of maxillary molars. Two digital models were acquired using iTero intraoral scanner (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) before treatment and after maxillary first and second molar distalization. The 2 digital models were superimposed using the palatal rugae area for registration. The predicted tooth movement compared to the achieved values. One hundred forty-two maxillary molars (71 first molar and 71 second molar) were measured for distal movement, and 228 maxillary anterior teeth were evaluated for anterior anchorage loss.Results: The predicted distal movement of the maxillary first molar (P <0.0001) and maxillary second molar (P <0.0001) differed significantly from the actual values. There was a statistically significant correlation between the amount of distal molar movement and the amount of anchorage loss (r = 0.3900, P <0.008) for the central incisor, and (r = 0.3595, P <0.013) for the lateral incisor.Conclusions: Invisalign can be used successfully for adult patients requiring maxillary molar distalization when a mean distalization movement of 2.6 mm was prescribed. Clinicians should be aware of the countereffect if maxillary molars are planned to move distally, especially if the patient presented initially with a large overjet, so the need to prescribe overcorrection or the use of auxiliaries can be addressed earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the "Internet of Things" has made smart materials essential for sensing, responding to, and adapting to real-time feedback from the external environment. Cellulose aerogels hold immense potential in the field of smart triboelectric materials. However, conventional cellulose aerogels often face issues such as structural fragility, which limits their potential as smart materials. In this study, a compressible cellulose triboelectric aerogel with a hierarchical porous structure was prepared through heterointerface engineering. By introducing a heterointerface between oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT), the structural stability of the material was significantly improved. The aerogel exhibited a 40-fold improvement in compressive performance and demonstrated excellent porosity (97.23%). A triboelectric nanogenerator was constructed using this material to explore its potential as a smart material. Experimental results indicated that the aerogel exhibited high sensitivity to ammonia gas, accurately identifying variations in NH 3 concentration within the range of 20–150 ppm, with excellent linearity (R2 =0.996). Moreover, utilizing this triboelectric gas sensor as a wireless sensing terminal in smart devices enabled successful real-time wireless detection of food spoilage processes. This research provides new insights into the development of smart materials made from aerogels and has significant research and practical value for expanding the utilization of cellulose-based aerogels. [Display omitted] • CPC-aerogels aerogel with a hierarchical porous structure was synthesized through heterointerface engineering. • CPC-aerogels were utilized as gas-sensitive triboelectric materials with excellent porosity and compression resistance. • This triboelectric gas sensor exhibited high sensitivity for ammonia detection in the concentration range of 20-150 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire accidents pose a significant threat to public safety, property, and the environment. Traditional power-dependent rescue and sensing devices are susceptible to failure or even explosion in high-temperature and open-fire environments. This research has developed fire-retardant cellulosic triboelectric materials, offering a potential solution. Due to the protection of hydroxyapatite, the cellulose nanofibril (CNF)/hydroxyapatite composite film did not undergo obvious deformation or carbonization after burning for 60 s under a 500 °C alcohol lamp flame. The closely packed cross-sectional structure facilitated air filling, endowing it with certain heat insulation performance. The high surface roughness and special microstructure greatly enhanced the triboelectric performance, achieving an open circuit voltage of 102 V and a short circuit current of 6.18 μA under a working area of only 4 cm2, surpassing most cellulose-based triboelectric materials. The results in self-powered sensing of high-temperature and open flames indicate that fire-retardant cellulosic triboelectric materials have the potential for use in high-temperature environments. This study introduces a new idea for energy harvesting and sensing at extreme conditions, which has important significance for the development of wearable self-powered sensors and the smooth progress of fire rescue operations. Data will be made available on request. [Display omitted] • The material's fire-resistant insulation enhances sensing stability in fire scenarios. • The material's porous surface and tightly packed internal structure enhance the sensing performance. • The material can maintain 90% of its triboelectric properties at a temperature of 100 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ZXT extend lifespan and stress resistance in C. elegans. • ZXT alleviates fat accumulation induced by high sugar by regulating fat synthesis and catabolism. • ZXT attenuated oxidative stress by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction via skn-1 and increasing the expression of sod-3 and daf-16. Obesity has become a global public health problem. Zexie decoction (ZXT) is a classic formula from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. However, the long-term effect of ZXT in lipid accumulation remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of ZXT on aging, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Different concentration of ZXT was administered to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) cultured in NGM or the high glucose nematode growth media (GNGM). The lifespan, heat stress resistance, lipid accumulation and related mRNA expression of the worms were examined. Oil Red staining and triglyceride were used to evaluated the lipid accumulation. Nhr-49, fat-5/fat-7, fat-5/fat-6 or skn-1 knockout mutants were used to clarify the effect on lipid metabolism of ZXT. GFP-binding mutants were used to observe the changes in protein expression. ZXT improved the survival rate of C. elegans in lifespan test and heat stress test. ZXT also reduced lipid accumulation in C. elegans and significantly changed the expression of fatty acid synthesis related genes and lipid metabolism related genes. In addition, ZXT-treated C. elegans showed a higher expression of anti-oxidative protein, and reduced the expression of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction marker. However, when skn-1 was knockdown, ZXT no longer had the effect of maintaining the mitochondria membrane potential and lipid lowering but still effectively decreased the O 2 ·− induced by high glucose. ZXT reduced fat accumulation by regulating lipid metabolism via multiple targets and enhanced stress resistance by its antioxidant effect in C. elegans. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thoroughly researching liquid-solid contact electrification can significantly enhance our understanding of liquid energy harvesting, chemical processes, and geological mechanisms. However, this research is challenging because liquid changes dynamically, the interface chemistry is complex, and there are few rapid and simple measurement methods available. In this study, a liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator was developed as a probe to successfully quantify the charges with varying polarities at the liquid-solid interface. Owing to the design of two spatially arranged electrodes, this proposed probe was able to quantify the interfacial charges within a mere 50 ms propelled by the significant electrical potential difference between the liquid and the electrodes. By concomitantly analyzing the charge signal and short-circuit current signal, the probe is utilized for detecting the flow state of the liquid. Finally, the probe has been demonstrated to be applicable for liquid energy harvesting. This study presents a promising approach to address the challenges of liquid-solid contact electrification research and provides a novel perspective for enhancing our understanding of the chemical processes at liquid-solid contact electrification. [Display omitted] • A liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator as a probe for investigating liquid-solid contact electrification. • The probe achieved separation and quantification of charge at the liquid-solid interface within 50 ms. • The probe can be used for monitoring the hydrodynamic state of liquid and harvesting liquid energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient energy harvesting from the environment provides a sustainable solution to alleviate the growing global energy crisis. However, the development of energy harvesting is limited by the challenge of maintaining stability under harsh atmospheric conditions. In this study, a novel chitosan/di-aldehyde nanocrystalline cellulose bio-based triboelectric material (CDTM) was constructed by a combined process of casting and hot pressing and applied to energy harvesting under harsh atmospheric conditions such as high temperature and high humidity. Chitosan and di-aldehyde nanocellulose were tightly bound by the Schiff base reaction, which strengthened the internal binding of CDTM making it more stable. More importantly, the CDTM based triboelectric nanogenerators (CD-TENGs) had an open circuit voltage retention of five times higher than that of paper at 99 RH% and could still retain 98% at a high-temperature environment, demonstrating excellent resistance to environmental disturbances. In addition, the CD-TENG was used as a wireless sensing terminal for smart devices to enable wireless visual sensing for stress intensity feedback and motion state detection. This work provides a novel insight into the design and preparation of triboelectric materials that withstand harsh atmospheric conditions. [Display omitted] • A cellulosic triboelectric material with stable surface charge density under high humidity and hot environments was prepared. • It shows excellent resistance to environmental disturbances. • It was employed as a wireless sensing terminal for smart devices, enabling wireless visual sensing to detect motion states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have ideal applications in the field of self-powered sensing thanks to their simple structure and flexible working mode. However, the weak operating properties of triboelectric materials in high humidity environments limit the wide application of TENG as sensors. To solve this problem, this work prepared hydrophilic triboelectric materials with natural cellulose as the template and used them for self-powered sensing in high humidity environments. Thanks to the interconnected network of the cellulose scaffold, the complex morphology of the material constructed in concert with Ti 3 C 2 T x during templating provides abundant adsorption sites for water molecules. Over a broad humidity range (40%−90% relative humidity (RH)), the moisture-sensitive triboelectric material can sustain outstanding performance in 150 s with high sensitivity (0.8/1%). The cellulose template-based triboelectric material transmits electrical signals to the user interface wirelessly, enabling self-powered sensing in high humidity environments. This study provides a novel strategy for the design and preparation of high-performance triboelectric materials using cellulose as a template and promotes the study of self-powered sensing in high humidity environments. [Display omitted] • Preparation of a cellulose template-based triboelectric material for high humidity. • The material has high sensitivity and high stability over a wide humidity range. • The material enables humidity sensing and respiration monitoring in high humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the era of intelligence, countless small electronic devices are required to be continuously powered, which poses a serious challenge to energy supply and environmental pollution issues. Against this background, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been developed to generate electricity by harvesting clean external mechanical energy. The conventional TENGs predominantly consist of rigid metal electrodes and film triboelectric layers, which cannot meet the diverse needs in human-machine interfaces and the breakthroughs in power generation enhancement. Cellulosic gels, with excellent degradability, biocompatibility, adjustable flexibility, and multifunctionality, are considered promising alternatives. This work reviews the research progress of cellulosic gel-based TENGs in recent years. The advantages of Cellulose in terms of gel structure and properties are discussed. Based on different dispersion mediums, cellulosic gels are systematically clarified, and their potential applications on TENGs are elucidated. Meanwhile, the research progress of cellulosic gel-based TENGs is outlined including energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and emerging applications. Finally, the potential challenges and future development prospects faced by cellulosic gels application in TENGs are foreseen. [Display omitted] • A holistic view of cellulosic gels based on different dispersion mediums. • Property potentials of cellulosic gels applied for triboelectric nanogenerators. • A critical review of applications of cellulosic gel-based triboelectric nanogenerators. • Challenges and future perspectives of cellulosic gel-based triboelectric nanogenerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) migration in the rhizosphere soil is easily affected by plants and microorganisms. Global warming significantly affects plant growth, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can chelate heavy metals by mycelium, cell wall components, and mycelial secretion. Here, we investigated the regulation of Glomus mosseae on Cd migration in the rhizosphere soil of alfalfa under elevated temperature (ET, + 3 °C). Elevated temperature significantly decreased G. mosseae colonization rate in the roots by 49.5% under Cd exposure. Under ET + G. mosseae + Cd relative to ET + Cd, the contents of free amino acids, total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), and root Cd increased significantly; however, the changes in DTPA-Cd in the rhizosphere soil and Cd in the shoots were insignificant. In addition, G. mosseae colonization enhanced the bioconcentration factor of Cd in the roots and the total removal rate of Cd in the rhizosphere soil by 63.4% and 16.3%, respectively, under ET + Cd. However, the changes in the expression of iron-regulated transport 1 (IRT1) and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 genes were insignificant under ET + G. mosseae + Cd relative to ET + Cd. In summary, temperature and G. mosseae significantly affected Cd fate in the rhizosphere soil, and IRT1 gene and rhizosphere soil pH, N, and C/N ratio were significant factors influencing Cd migration. Additionally, G. mosseae improved the remediation efficiency of Cd-contaminated soils by alfalfa under ET. The results will help us understand the regulation of AMF on the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils under global warming scenarios. • Elevated temperature (ET, + 3 °C) reduced Glomus mosseae colonization under Cd. • G. mosseae significantly improved GRSP content in the rhizosphere soil under ET + Cd. • G. mosseae had no significant effect on IRT1 and NRAMP 1 gene expression. • G. mosseae significantly enhanced Cd uptake by the roots of alfalfa under ET. • Rhizosphere soil pH, C, C/N ratio and IRT1 gene significantly affected Cd fate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae have strong adaptability to toxic environments. The accumulation of toxic organic matter and secondary metabolites during the biologically treatment of wastewater can cause sludge toxicity. Scenedesmus obliquus was cultivated in the sludge extract from coal-gasification synthetic wastewater contained 100 mg/L hydroquinone, with 15% CO 2 , to investigate the removal of sludge toxicity together with CO 2 fixation. Results showed that S. obliquus could utilize the organic matter and CO 2 in the mixed cultivation mode. On the 30th day, the dry cell weight was 1.46 ± 0.07 g/L, and chlorophyll-a was 24.76 ± 0.21 mg/L. S. obliquus reduced the sludge toxicity by heterotrophically utilizing the organic matter of sludge extract. TOC decreased from 393.52 ± 0.65 mg/L to 113.78 ± 0.43 mg/L, and organic matter with molecular weights of < 500 Da and 500–5KDa was significantly consumed, reducing the sludge toxicity from 83.46 ± 0.27% to 29.37 ± 0.19% in terms of inhibition rate of luminescent bacteria. S. obliquus mainly utilized HCO 3 - for autotrophic growth and the CO 2 removal (%) was up to the maximum 35.08 ± 0.19% on the 10th day. Proteomics analysis results showed that 15% CO 2 improved autotrophic ability of S. obliquus and the activity of the functional protein, thereby improving its antioxidant capacity against toxicity stress. By increasing its protein kinase and ATPase activity, S. obliquus enhanced the oxidative phosphorylation process to heterotrophically utilize organic matter to reduce the sludge toxicity. [Display omitted] • S. obliquus has strong adaptability and tolerance to toxic environments and CO 2. • Heterotrophic-autotrophic culture strategy can improve growth of S. obliquus. • Organics of < 500 Da and 500–5KDa were utilized, thereby reducing sludge toxicity. • 15% CO 2 improved functional protein activity against toxicity stress. • Protein kinase and ATPase activity increased enhancing oxidative phosphorylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are easily influenced by increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration and heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), which can regulate antioxidant enzyme in host plants. Although the effect of AMF under individual conditions such as elevated CO 2 (ECO 2) and Cd on antioxidant enzyme in host plants has been reported widely, the effect of AMF under ECO 2 + Cd receives little attention. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of AMF community in roots on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities in leaves of 135-d Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings under ECO 2 + Cd. The activities of SOD and CAT increased and POD activity and the richness and diversity of AMF community decreased under ECO 2 + Cd relative to Cd alone. The richness and diversity of AMF were negatively related to Cd content in roots and leaves. The richness and OTUs of AMF community positively and AMF gene abundance negatively affected POD activity under the combined treatments. Superoxide dismutase and POD activities were negatively and positively related to Archaeospora and Scutellospora , respectively, under ECO 2 + Cd. Cadmium in roots and leaves was negatively and significantly related to Glomus , Scutellospora , and Claroideoglomus abundance under ECO 2 + Cd. Overall, AMF diversity and Archaeospora and Scutellospora in roots significantly influenced SOD, POD, and CAT activities. The response of AM symbiosis to ECO 2 might regulate antioxidant capacity in host plants upon Cd exposure. Glomus , Scutellospora , and Claroideoglomus might be applied to phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils. [Display omitted] • Decrease in AMF richness stimulated POD activity under elevated CO 2 + Cd. • AMF community in roots significantly affected SOD, CAT, and POD activities. • POD activity was positively related (p < 0.05) to Archaeospora and Scutellospora. • SOD activity was negatively related (p < 0.05) to Archaeospora and Scutellospora. • Glomus , Scutellospora , and Claroideoglomus might be applied to phytoremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PGE 2 -PTGER2 signaling promotes cell proliferation of bEECs. • PGE 2 -PTGER2 signaling promotes the expression of cyclins and CDKs in bEECs. • PGE 2 -PTGER2 signaling induces PCNA, COXs, PTGER2, and EGF expressions in bEECs. • PGE 2 -PTGER2 signaling-induced cell proliferation was blocked by CDK inhibitors. • PGE 2 -PTGER2 signaling could be involved in bovine endometrial growth/remodelling. It is known that prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) induces proliferation of epithelia in bovine endometrial explants, however, the detailed mechanism of regulation of PGE 2 in inducing bovine endometrial epithelial cell (bEEC) proliferation is unclear. In this study, we determined whether proliferation of bEECs is promoted by PGE 2 -prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) signaling activation through cell cycle regulation. The results demonstrated that bEECs proliferation was induced by treatment of PGE 2 and PTGER2 agonist butaprost. These processes were down-regulated by PTGER2 antagonist AH6809 and CDK inhibitors (LEE011, CDK2 Inhibitor II and Ro 3306). PGE 2 and butaprost induced cyclins (A, B1, D1, D3 and E2), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs, 1, 2, 4 and 6), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression were inhibited by AH6809 treatment in bEECs. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and PTGER2 expression in bEECs were up-regulated by PGE 2 and butaprost treatment. Our data demonstrate that PGE 2 -PTGER2 signaling activation has a direct molecular association with cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation in bEECs. Collectively, these findings will improve our understanding of the roles for PGE 2 -PTGER2 signaling activation in the physiological and pharmacological processes of bovine endometrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]