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Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Emergency Medicine is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Close to half of all children younger than 5 years in the Northeast and Northwest geopolitical zones were estimated to be stunted in their growth for their age in 2013 compared to 22% of children in the rest of Nigeria.Objectives: We examine the drivers of chronic child undernutrition in northern Nigeria and how those drivers differ from other areas of the country.Methods: Both a standard child-level regression-based approach and decomposition analysis were used to address the determinants of stunting and decompose how drivers differ between northern Nigeria and other areas of the country using 2008 and 2013 Nigeria DHS data.Results: There are strong differences in the levels of the determinants of undernutrition in young children between the 2 parts of the country. However, equally important, the decomposition analysis shows that there are significant differences between northern Nigeria and other areas of Nigeria in the effect of the same determinant of nutritional status in accelerating or retarding the linear growth of young children.Conclusions: A national program to address child undernutrition must recognize this heterogeneity in its design. To impose across Nigeria, a single set of approaches to address the factors which results in stunted children is likely to fail for large numbers of children if these strong geographical differences in how these determinants operate to affect child nutritional status are not considered. Solutions need to be developed within northern Nigeria to more closely reflect the way the determinants of nutritional status operate in this area of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of emergency nursing in Africa has resulted in the establishment of several training schools across the continent. This has translated into a growing body of emergency care research being carried out by nurses; however, the breadth and extent of evidence remains unclear. The aim of the review was to map and collate the available literature on emergency nursing research in WHO Afro-region states. The review adopted the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping reviews. The review protocol was registered on 27 June 2022 (osf.io/5wz3x). The Population (nurse), Concept (emergency nursing research), Context (WHO Afro-region) (PCC) elements guided the development of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Papers were searched across seven electronic data bases and two search engines using a three-search strategy. The screening was performed initially on the abstract and title and lastly on full text. The reporting for the review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). One hundred and thirteen papers were included in the review. Publication of emergency nursing research occurred from 2000 to 2022. The year 2017 and 2019 recorded the highest number of publications (n = 14). The country with the most publications was South Africa (n=50). Emergency nursing research used predominantly quantitative methodologies (n=58). The professional groups involved in research were nurses (n=69) as well as nurses and doctors (n=26). The identified papers focused primarily on emergency nursing education (n=23) and epidemiology (n=24). There is a notable increase in the number of publications on emergency nursing research in WHO Afro-region states, however from only 11 countries. Since most of the research is still at descriptive level, there is need to encourage emergency nursing research on interventions and measuring outcomes and impact in the emergency care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013, after extensive consultations with stakeholders, the African Union (AU) adopted Agenda 2063 to address underdevelopment and coloniality in Africa. Agenda 2063 is a continental strategic framework that seeks to attain inclusive economic growth, integration, peaceful Africa, and self-determination and is underpinned by Pan-Africanism. Pan-Africanism is an ideology set to attain national liberation, economic independence, and a united African continent. Therefore, Agenda 2063 seeks to attain the objectives of Pan-Africanism and calls for Africa's right to development. However, as per the Second Continental Report on the Implementation of Agenda 2063 (2022), there is minimal implementation of Agenda 2063's First Ten-Year Implementation Plan (2014-2023) by AU members. Therefore, the paper seeks to critically analyse Agenda 2063 as a continental development programme. The analysis is twofold: on the one hand, it determines whether the aspirations of Agenda 2063 are realistic and attainable; on the other hand, it determines whether the implementation of Agenda 2063 will lead to attainment of Pan-Africanism. The paper uses a qualitative and analytical-explanatory approach to collect data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Africa Spectrum is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of an increasing number of doctoral studies on the African continent, there is a paucity of research examining the daily relationship between supervisors and doctoral students in Francophone sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently, the experience of doctoral students in this field is under-debated, under-questioned, under-analysed and under-taken into account. This is despite the fact that it is central to the success or failure of the thesis process. This paper aims to reflect on postgraduate study conditions in the context of the relationship between supervisor and candidate in francophone West Africa. A qualitative study based on conversational interviews with PhD students and supervisors, was conducted at the University of Abomey-Calavi, the main public university in Benin, with 58 doctoral programmes, and statistical data issued by the university analyzed. The paper examines the conditions of suffering at various levels for PhD candidates, the asymmetrical power relation between supervisors and candidates and silo's logics which driven them. The paper demonstrates how the thesis process is complex as asymmetrical, power and conflict-prone. It also point that de the nature of doctoral work, doctoral students are exposes to various psychological, psychic and mental pressures that supervisors have to manage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rape occurs at high rates in South Sudan and Kakuma refugee camps, a region characterized by armed conflict, gender inequity, and economic crisis. To date, we know little about how to prevent rape in this region of the world. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine outcomes of Empowerment Transformation Training (ETT) (an adapted empowerment self-defense program; empowerment self-defense) among female participants in South Sudan and the Kakuma refugee camp. Schools were assigned to the treatment (ETT) condition (n = 7) or control (life skills) condition (n = 9) and used as the unit of analysis given the cluster-randomized design. Female participants anonymously completed a baseline (T1) and 12-month follow-up (T2) paper and pencil survey. Annual rape victimization rates decreased from 10.7% to 5.5% in the ETT schools (risk ratio [ RR ] = 0.51); there was no change in the control schools (10.0%–9.0%). Empowerment Transformation Training (ETT) schools had increased confidence at T2 (T1: 42.4%; T2: 75.4%; RR = 1.79) and greater rates of confidence at T2 compared to control schools (54.3%; RR = 1.39). Knowledge of effective self-defense strategies (T2) was greater for ETT schools (47.4%) compared to control schools (30.1%) (RR = 1.57). The ETT program reduced rates of rape, increased confidence, disclosures of rape (among victims), and knowledge of effective self-defense strategies. Empowerment self-defense programs are a critical component to rape prevention across global communities, including those characterized by armed conflict, gender inequity, and economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper explores the widespread problem of brain drain in African countries, utilizing a quantitative approach to explore its intricacies. The study looks at the many factors that influence the movement of trained professionals using a theoretical framework based in economic analysis and migration theory. Regression modeling and statistical inference are two quantitative data analysis techniques used in this research to identify the socioeconomic factors influencing migration patterns. Based on case studies from Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Ethiopia, the research objectively evaluates the effects of brain drain in a number of industries, illuminating its extensive ramifications. It examine how can evidence-based policy actions to reduce brain drain and promote sustainable development in African nations be informed by quantitative research of migration patterns and socioeconomic factors? The research quantifies the impact of patriotism on migration decisions and investigates its potential as a mitigating factor. Although quantitative analysis has its limits, this study highlights the importance of solid empirical research in order to guide evidence-based policy solutions. In the course of things, the study emphasizes how Africa may use nationalistic feelings to reverse brain drain and promote sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration at international level is a global phenomenon. In recent years the world experienced the highest number of people who migrated abroad. For example, in 2020 approximately 3.6% of global population were international migrants. This was the highest proportion of the global population registered in the last thirty years. The paper analyses some general aspects of international migration. There are detailed migration patterns in various regions such as America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, and Africa. Based on the data provided can be drawn some policy implications. Countries of destination should apply policies in order to facilitate the integration of migrants and should provide labour market regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medunarodni Problemi is the property of Institute of International Politics & Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recherches en Sciences de Gestion is the property of ISEOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Oriental Studies / Sarkiyat Mecmuasi is the property of Istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years African countries are grappling with the increase of electronic waste (e-waste) which poses challenge to environment and human health. However, factors influencing electronic waste situation in Africa have not been explored and thus not well understood. To fill the gap, this paper aims at exploring e-waste situation in Africa and analysing factors influencing the situation. To address the objective, a systematic literature review was adopted. Findings show that the amount of e-waste has been increasing in both developed and developing countries over time. Although there are common factors associated with the increase of e-waste, some factors are unique to Africa. These are: reduced cost of used items, taxi incentives for importation of electronic devices and increased use of ICT devices in various sectors. Furthermore, findings show that developed and developing countries differ in terms of the risks posed by the e-waste and this difference is dependent on how e-waste is managed. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the situation of e-waste in Africa is somehow different from developed world both in terms of the factors influencing the situation and ways of managing e-waste. In order to deal with e-waste situation, African countries need to improve awareness of their people, establish and capacitate institutions for dealing with e-waste and invest in technologies for managing e-waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critiques the study of Gibson, Hoffman, and Jablonski (2015) on the relationship between technical assistance and patronage spending in sub-Saharan Africa after the Cold War. It identifies errors in the authors' methods, including severe collinearity, exclusion of available data, undue use of the logarithm transformation, and missing values in key variables. After making the necessary corrections, the paper finds that technical assistance was positively and significantly related to political concession, as originally claimed by the authors, but negatively and insignificantly associated with the proxies for political patronage. This suggests that while technical assistance may have promoted political concession, it cannot be confidently held that it reduced patronage spending in the region post-Cold War. This raises concerns as the authors' conclusion in this regard is central to the belief, in both literature and aid projects, that technical assistance from donors and institutions contributed to reducing political patronage in sub-Saharan Africa post-Cold War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxation has been recognised as a proactive tool for achieving fiscal capacity, yet irreconcilable views exist as to why, decades after independence, countries in Africa still face challenges financing their public spending needs. One of the factors that has been studied in recent years is the performance of the institutions responsible for revenue mobilisation. Countries need effective, efficient, and capable tax authorities to mobilise sufficient revenue. This paper uses data from 27 African countries collected by African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF), to assess the efficiency of African tax administrations. It applies parametric (stochastic frontier) and non-parametric (data envelopment) techniques to generate efficiency scores and rank tax administrations. The results suggest that many African tax administrations operate inefficiently and could improve their performance by between 3 and 79% to reach their maximum capacity. Applying the Tobit regression technique shows that the granting of partial autonomy to revenue collection agencies, the size of the informal sector, size of non-tax revenue, and segmentation of taxpayers have significant effects on the efficiency of tax administrations. The paper highlights the importance of determining the level of efficiency and the factors that matter for improving the performance of revenue authorities and building fiscal capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Africa is particularly affected by climate change due to its exposure to climate hazards, high vulnerability, and low adaptive capacity. Yet, Africa is also a continent rich in Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) that has a long history of informing responses to climatic variability and change. This paper explores the extent to which ILK has been used in climate change adaptation in Africa. It deploys a bibliometric analysis to describe the connections between ILK and climatic change adaptation in Africa, complemented by an analysis of ILK literature and case studies. We consider four key dimensions of ILK, 1) type, 2) contexts of application, 3) value for adaptation, and 4) outcomes and effects in responses to climate change in Africa. Examples drawn from 19 countries across Africa highlight ILK systems are closely connected with biocultural relationships associated with observed patterns of climate change and where adaptation can be more effective when informed by ILK. This body of knowledge is critical to the delivery of climate change adaptation in Africa. The paper suggests some measures through which ILK may be more widely leveraged, both for improved adaptation outcomes, as well as enhancing the biocultural heritage value of ILK systems across Africa. The study commends the remarkable value of ILK in Africa for climate change adaptation and its value for supplementing climate services, particularly in areas with limited access to modern climate and weather forecasts as well as the encouragement of Indigenous communities to develop senses of ownership and active contribution to the sustainability of the future interventions. • Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation in Africa. • The study commends the remarkable value of ILK in Africa for climate change adaptation. • its value for supplementing climate services particularly in areas with limited access to modern climate. • the paper concludes outlining measures through which ILK may be more widely leveraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the electricity access rate to measure progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal target for universal access to electricity by 2030, about 580 Millions African people lack electricity access. However, globalization offers technological innovation, financial resources and international cooperation opportunities to achieve universal electricity access. This paper investigates whether increasing globalization levels can help achieve the goal of expanding access to electricity services in Africa. The analysis is based on panel data of 36 African countries over the 2000–2017 period and system GMM for empirical estimations. Our findings indicate that economic, social, and political globalization matters for increasing access to electricity. We also find that economic globalization reduces disparities in access to electricity. Further decomposing of economic globalization indicates that financial globalization, FDI and trade openness increase access to electricity. Furthermore, while financial globalization and FDI widen disparities in access to electricity, trade openness negatively affects disparities. The results also indicate that economic growth is one of the important channels through which globalization enhances electricity access. Finally, we carry out sub-regional analyses and find that these patterns are robust across Sub-Saharan African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a corpus of knowledge on the challenges of regional integration (RI) in Africa, and Southern Africa in particular. What emerges from this body of knowledge is that the key issues pertaining to RI are not uniformly addressed, and they are largely framed from state-centric thinking, which is mostly rooted within a Westernised worldview. This paper argues that civil society has a significant role to play in the realisation of the full potential of RI in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The authors concede that there are numerous challenges to the envisaged role of civil society. As such, they use the findings of the research for this paper to propose solutions for consideration by policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sub-Saharan Africa, agricultural intensification and urbanization have increased the risk of proliferation of rodents in rural and urban habitats. Management of rodent populations is a challenge in terms of food security and public health. However, conventional efforts to manage rodents are currently reactive and based on the inadequate use of synthetic chemical rodenticides, including first- and second-generation anticoagulants and acute rodenticides. This approach carries substantial environmental and health risks and has yielded limited success in terms of reduction of rodent populations sustainably. In this paper, which is the second part of a diptych, we advocate for a shift towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches, such as Ecologically-Based Rodent Management (EBRM), as a realistic alternative to synthetic rodenticides. This method is based on a good knowledge of habitat use, species diversity and population dynamics of major rodent pests, and involves community-based interventions aimed at reducing rodent abundance to economically and hygienically acceptable levels in the long term. We present for the first time a comprehensive compilation of published and unpublished information derived from observational field studies conducted in Ethiopia, Niger, Nigeria, Benin, Mali, Mauritania and Senegal with the aim to provide an overview of EBRM case studies in these countries of sub-Saharan Africa. This paper intends to serve as a catalyst for change, encouraging the transformation of rodent management practices towards sustainable methods. We aim at stimulating further research and interventions that promote EBRM in Africa, ultimately fostering more environmentally conscious and effective solutions. [Display omitted] • In Africa, agricultural intensification and urbanization are major changes. • These changes increase the risk of rodent proliferation in rural and urban habitats. • Conventional rodent control relies on reactive, inappropriate use of rodenticides. • Ecologically-Based Rodent Management has been poorly tested in sub-Saharan Africa. • This method can be a realistic, sustainable and environment-friendly alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South African Government has for the past two decades spent significant resources on introducing smallholders to Genetically Modified (GM) maize with the aim to make agriculture a way out of poverty. However smallholder farming continues to decline and poverty is on the rise in the country. The present paper aims to explain this failure of the government to support its smallholders by describing the intra-actions between maize, politics and technological development in South African history. Importantly maize is understood here as an agent in that its materialities are not only being impacted by, but are also having impact on the outcome of farming practices and wider political economies. The paper describes how maize, as a result of intra-action between maize biology and choices made by farmers, politicians and breeders during the colonial era and apartheid, developed in parallel as a commodity serving the settler farmers, and an anti-commodity, or escape crop, providing subsistence to marginalised smallholders. While South Africa today is a democracy that spends significant resources on improving smallholder livelihoods, recent technological development and market concentration have increased rather than decreased the gap between commodity- and anti-commodity maize. As a result new GM and hybrid maize varieties introduced to smallholders today are badly equipped to facilitate a crop led New Green Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the relationship between urban form, residential rooftop solar PV potential, and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) in high-income, middle-class, and low-income neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. Using building footprint data, ArcGIS Pro, and linear regression analysis, we find a statistically significant association between urban form parameters (building density, neighborhood compactness, building footprint area, suitable rooftop area, and near distance between buildings) and the rooftop solar PV potential in all the three types of neighborhoods. However, the well-planned high-income neighborhood exhibited the highest rooftop solar PV potential with low LCOE values for most houses, while the lowest rooftop PV potential and highest LCOE values were found in the largely unplanned low-income neighborhood. The low-income neighborhood exhibited higher density with clustered building patterns and, consequently, lower rooftop PV potential. The LCOE ranged between $0.02/kWh-$0.19/kWh for most buildings, with 92 %, 74 %, and 51 % of houses in the high-income, middle-class, and low-income neighborhoods falling within this range, respectively. We conclude that while capital subsidies for residential solar PV can boost their uptake by urbanites, their effectiveness could be limited in low-income neighborhoods due to the limitations imposed by their urban form. It may be more appropriate for policy interventions to target such neighborhoods with community solar schemes while targeting high-income neighborhoods with building integrated solar photovoltaics. [Display omitted] • Rooftop solar PV potential is higher in high-income neighborhoods than in low-income ones. • Neighborhoods with low building density and dispersed layouts have higher solar PV potential. • Urban form could impede the diffusion of solar PV in cities. • Solar energy considerations need to be mainstreamed into urban planning and design. • Urban energy transition theories need to incorporate socio-spatial dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study accounts for the growth analysis of research output in the knowledge management (KM) domain in Africa, using the Web of Science database between 1974 and 2019. The implication that necessitates this study was the intertwined nature of the KM domain associated with other fields of study. The interpretive content/document analysis was used to extract publications using key terms of knowledge management from the Web of Science database within 45 years. The extract of the document analysis and the presentation of results took four weeks. The findings indicated that 2,564 publications such as articles, conference papers, reviews, and proceedings were the platforms used the most within the period. Management was at the top of the list of subject areas. A top journal that publishes KM papers is the South African Journal of Science. The most productive institutions by affiliation were the University of Cape Town and the University of Pretoria, and inter-continental collaboration in research in KM was affirmed with the United States of America (USA). The National Research Foundation of South Africa is among the top bodies that fund research in Africa. The growth analysis of publication output in KM in Africa indicates a slow productivity rate of 6.4 percent within the period covered. This paper demonstrates that the KM domain remains an evolving and interesting phenomenon, which requires integration in different organizations. Every actualization of work performance today by individuals depends on tacit and explicit knowledge application, which forms the spectrum of KM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of International Affairs (04866096) is the property of Institute of International Politics & Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It was feared that the digital divide would deny citizens in developing countries opportunities for increased participation in politics through internet-enabled communication technologies. However, the divide has been bridged by citizens through the appropriation of Western technologies like internet access through mobile phones and cyber cafes. In fact, the difference between North and South in the use of the internet to participate in politics is quickly becoming unnoticeable, especially regarding the use of social media. This paper describes the unforeseen impact of the rapid adoption of social media in Africa, a continent that has been lethargic to other Western technological advances. The paper uses Anderson's (1991/1983) theory of imagined community and Billig's (1995) banal nationalism thesis to describe the role of social media groups in building banal nationalism, a process that unobtrusively legitimises the otherwise artificial nation-state. Through analysis of the activities of social media groups, the paper describes how, besides enabling the formation of social groups, social media has created a new sense of consciousness and deep attachment to the concept of a nation-state in Kenya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud manufacturing (CM) is a service-oriented business model which is being adopted for industry 4.0 (i4.0). African-based small-to-medium manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs) are yet to adopt the collaborative business manufacturing model, due to challenges associated with vagueness to new manufacturing technologies adoption. However, technological advancements have led to industry 5.0 (i5.0), which present multiple favorable opportunities for manufacturing organizations in Africa. Technology adoption was identified as a key accelerator towards sustainable manufacturing and successful implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper aims to conscientise on the future of the manufacturing industry for an African digital economy. Adoption of new manufacturing technologies is disrupting traditional business models and creating new business models which are collaborative, and technology centered. A system of systems methodology was used to address multiple challenges affecting advancing technologies in the transport manufacturing industry in Africa. The result is a strategic system mapping for developing a cognitive manufacturing system for the transport manufacturing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticides are an important and widely used tool for crop protection, but they also pose significant risks to agricultural sustainability, human health and the environment. In this paper, we examine whether mass media campaigns can help improve pesticide knowledge and change pesticide use behaviour among smallholder farmers in Rwanda and Uganda. We also assess the individual and combined effects of the campaign channels, which include interactive radio, plant health rallies, mobile SMS and video screenings. Applying a doubly robust method to survey data from 1327 maize-producing households across the two countries, we find that the mass media campaigns are significantly associated with improved farmer knowledge of pesticide risks and safety precautions. While the campaigns appear not to have discouraged the use of synthetic pesticides, they are significantly associated with increased adoption of safer alternatives to pesticides, including sustainable integrated pest management practices. The campaigns are also significantly correlated with increased use of protective equipment against pesticide exposure in both countries and reduced incidence of pesticide-related illnesses in Rwanda. We conclude that mass media campaigns (particularly using multiple complementary channels) can be effective in enhancing farmers' knowledge about pesticide risks and safety measures, and promote the adoption of safer pest management strategies. • The effects of mass media campaigns on pesticide use behaviour among farmers are studied. • Campaigns improve farmers' knowledge of pesticide risks and safety measures. • Campaigns boost the adoption of environmentally safer alternatives to synthetic pesticides. • Campaigns are associated with increased use of personal protective equipment items. • Effects are more pronounced for farmers exposed to multiple ICT channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several African countries are experiencing problems with overcapacity in their energy sectors on a scale that cannot be explained or justified with reference to the volatility of supply alone. This constitutes a paradox in contexts where many people do not have access to modern energy. Based on a review of the scant existing literature, this paper provides an overview of existing explanations for overcapacity and discusses its potential implications. It identifies three general explanations whose relative weight, however, differ from one country to another, namely the quality of planning and management, national ideology and political interests, and the role of donors and private investors. Among the potential implications are not only the increasing deficits and debts of public utilities, higher tariffs and reduced access to energy, but also delays in energy transitions. This has policy implications for energy-sector planning, including the role of bureaucracies and experts, the management of public utilities and debt, and tariffs, as well as for procurement and contracting. Overall, more research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The politics of knowledge remains a contentious issue among academics, students, politicians and society at large. While a fair amount of the literature on this subject has been generated, what emerges is that there is no uniform understanding in terms of what is responsible for the retarded state of knowledge in Africa. Accordingly, Africa contributes very little to scientific publications compared to other continents. The partial understanding generated in this regard largely focused on the soft impediments. Against this backdrop, this paper drew from qualitative materials to identify and critically analyse some of the often downplayed key issues avoided by critics in grappling with the question of the retarded state of knowledge in South Africa compared to that of its peers in the Global South and elsewhere. While the list elaborated below is not exhaustive, the research for this paper points to a cauldron of controlled circulation of literature, academic bullying and sabotage, administrative inefficiencies, and the nature of the employment contract as the hard issues responsible for the failure of universities to correct the sad state of knowledge in South Africa. Yet, these issues have not received adequate scholarly attention in prevailing discourses about this academic and policy conundrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's engagement model with Africa has received little scholarly attention from international relations scholars and practitioners in the past. Scholars who have written more about China's engagement with Africa have far more focused on other significant aspects emanating from alternative sister disciplines of econometrics, economics, political science, and so forth. While this is the case, this paper sought to extensively delve into the subject of China's Africa engagement model and compare and contrast China's Africa engagement model with that of the British and French colonial models of the earlier imperial period. This paper argues fundamentally that China's Africa engagement model--although not far different from that of the European colonial powers--advances pillars that champion a soft foreign policy stance while it hides its extensive disregard for African countries and their economies. Methodologically, this paper relied on complete interdisciplinary discourse analysis and prevailing continental relevant literature on the subject of China-Africa relations, British-Africa relations, and French-Africa relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the use of narrative practices in work with young people in an after-school academic support program in Tanzania. Through games, outsider witnessing, re-authoring conversations and the Tree of Life process, we brought to light skills and experiences that had previously been left unrecognised by the evaluation tools we had been using to track students’ progress. The Tree of Life in particular created space for our students to rediscover unique abilities and areas in which they shine. These had previously been hidden behind dominant stories about living in an orphanage or not meeting expectations at school. T [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the loan sources used by rural solar home system adopters to meet their everyday needs, as well as the motivations for using these sources. The findings show that people in rural areas take into account social and economic factors when making a decision regarding where to seek a loan. People borrowed money from individuals with whom they had strong ties, which could be parents, siblings, cousins, uncles, aunts, friends, or neighbours, and there was heterogeneity regarding where people situate family members along the weak/strong tie continuum. The results show that people preferred borrowing money from individuals with whom they had relationships based on the principle of reciprocity, suggesting their preference to avoid dependency in favour of equality. The findings also show that spatial and social proximity are intimately interconnected, and that both play an important role in determining where people turn to when in need of a loan. In several cases, the provision of a loan was based on a combination of both dimensions of proximity. Our findings have implications for energy policies that increasingly require households to bear the financial demands of access to basic energy services. • We examine the socio-economic landscape in which SHS adoption is entangled. • Social and economic factors matter when deciding where to seek a loan. • Relationships based on reciprocity are preferred over those based on dependency. • Spatial and social proximity play an important and complementary role in loan provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing pattern of circumvention of term limits in Africa carries farreaching consequences for the continent's governance, security, and development. Africa has seen a reversal in term limit norms since 2015. Since that time, leaders of 13 African countries have evaded or overseen the further weakening of term limit restrictions put in place in their countries. Despite these setbacks, the trend is not uni-directional. Several African countries have strengthened or upheld term limits since 2015. There is a notable regional variation in the upholding of term limits. The lack of effective term limits has resulted in Africa having 10 leaders who governed for over 20 years and 2 family dynasties that stayed in power for more than 50 years. This erosion of term limits is a setback for stable governance in Africa, leading to the emergence of coups, rebels and extremist groups. This continental problem demands decisive multilateral solutions. These issues have led to geopolitical security tensions resulting to Africa's 32 million refugees and internally displaced populations. This paper interrogates Nigeria's diplomatic roles as Africa's biggest democracy in addressing issues of circumvention of term limits that weakens governance in Africa under the Buhari-led administration, and how Nigeria provided leadership to address coups in Africa. The study adopts the historical research methodology. This method allows the use of primary and secondary sources, applying the twin of interpretation and analysis. It is recommended that Nigeria must rise to the occasion as a dominant power through the effective implementation of her Afrocentric foreign policy at regional and sub-regional levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the phenomenon of poverty in underdeveloped/third-world countries, particularly within the context and the failure of international organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa. The article analyzes that the increasing problem of poverty in the region's countries/Africa is a replication of the failure of the organizations such as the IMF and the World Bank policies such countries. Despite some projects such as Millennium Development Goals (MDG), Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and many more by the United Nations. Many of these programs have failed to eradicate or reduce poverty. Instead, the situation has worsened most, especially in Africa, where the rate of poverty is increasing, with several regions in the continent experiencing the worse hunger epidemic in recent times. Therefore, the research posits that the failure of international institutions, the World Bank, and IMF policies have immensely become a significant contributing factor to the poverty level in Sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of misinforming policy direction is undoubtedly high when factors determining foreign direct investment (FDI) are haphazardly selected owing to the diverse nature of the underlying FDI theories, thus leading to model uncertainty. To resolve the econometric and policy concerns, this paper re-investigates the determinants of FDI for 53 African economies for which comprehensive data are available using the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) technique over the period 1984–2018. Interestingly, unlike the previously conducted studies on FDI determinants, variables such as gross fixed capital formation, trade openness, exchange rate, secondary school education, democratic regime type, and mobile subscriptions per 100 people take preeminent positions over other explanatory variables for the continent. However, government consumption expenditure, inflation, GDP per capita, capital openness, and credits to the private sectors constitute the major deterring factors of FDI into the continent. These variables remain the substantive predictors of FDI in the African continent out of the 23 explanatory variables used. Similarly, differences are observed in the determinants of FDI across the regions of the continent. Thus, assuming the general policy framework to region-specific concerns may not be an efficient policy menu for attracting foreign capital flows. In light of the preceding, understanding the salient African-wide determinants as well as each region's idiosyncratic details regarding the determinants holds a promising path to tread in attracting foreign direct investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a strong wave of Eurobond issuances by Africa's frontier market economies since the start of the century. But it is not clear how these issuances have affected economic performance. This paper uses synthetic control experiments to conduct comparative case study analyses of the impacts of Eurobond issuances on economic growth, debt sustainability, and domestic capital markets. Ex post, we compare the trajectories of the relevant macroeconomic outcomes against their synthetically constructed business-as-usual counterfactual in an environment with no Eurobond issuance. The results show that, on average, sovereign Eurobond issuances have led to improvements in per capita GDP in Africa by about 10 percent above the counterfactual, business-as-usual scenario. Although most issuances were within 3 percent of GDP, they potentially led to about 13 percentage point acceleration in the debt-to-GDP ratios after ten years, compared to the counterfactual. Public capital accumulation is, on average, faster in the first two to three years following an issuance in countries with positive correlations. • Eurobond issuances by African sovereigns surged in the 2000s, with over 125 instruments issued by 21 African sovereigns. • We conduct synthetic control experiments, comparing relevant macro-outcomes with their counterfactuals under no issuance. • Eurobond have had a noticeable positive effect on incomes, about 10 percent annual improvement above the counterfactual. • But debt sustainability risks from Eurobond issuances are heightened by 13 percent above the counterfactual within 10 years. • Downside risks from Eurobonds should be actively managed to remain a useful source of financing and development in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Africa Spectrum is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among growing concerns about the environmental impact of human activities, international trade is increasingly in the spotlight. However, the role of Africa has been widely disregarded. In this paper, we assess the trade–environment link in African trade patterns by estimating a gravity model for trade with data from 140 countries for the period 2002–2018. Our findings reveal significant insights: first, that dirty trade appears to be increasingly concentrating in African countries. That is, exports of dirty goods seem to have shifted to countries with less stringent environmental regulations. Second, exports from dirty industries tend to concentrate in those countries with higher levels of capital endowments, although this effect appears to be weaker. Third, the results hold when we consider different exporter and importer country scenarios, such as trade flows with Europe (the main African trading regional partner) and intraregional African trade patterns. In addition, they hold especially for more differentiated products, with some particularities in the case of homogeneous ones. These findings have important implications in terms of both trade and environmental policies as well as for building the basis for sustainable development in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing concern about the economic costs of political risk, relatively little is known about its effect on industrialization. This paper fills the knowledge gap by investigating the impact of political risk on industrialization and relative transmission mechanisms using data from 34 African countries over the 2000–2019 period. Findings from Driscoll and Kraay (1998), system GMM, and quantile regressions show that political risk has a direct negative impact on industrialization. When considering the sub-dimensions of political risk, results show that the increase in government risk, internal and external conflict risk, military politics risk, ethnic tensions risk, investment profile risk, corruption risk, bureaucratic quality risk, and socioeconomic risk adversely affect industrialization. Further, the mediation analysis reveals that political risk does not only have a direct effect on industrialization but also an indirect impact through its adverse effects on financial integration, financial development, and internet penetration. Finally, the net impact is negative and suggests that political risk hinders Africa's industrialization. • Investigate the impact and transmission channels of political risk on industrialization. • Unbalanced panel dataset consists of 34 African countries in Africa. • Political risk has a direct and negative impact on industrialization. • The indirect effect operates through financial integration, financial development, and internet penetration. • Policy recommendations are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous knowledge of and practices for climate change and disaster risk management have been used to respond to climate and disaster risk since antiquity. These indigenous practices have continuously been evolving with the change in human societies and their environment. In Africa, dominance of contemporary science, sometimes refer to as the 'Western version of science' or global science, has greatly led to the abandoning of the African Indigenous Knowledge (AIK) systems in formal decision-making process. However, recent years have witnessed increasing references to indigenous knowledge systems in policy documents. This paper assessed the application of the African indigenous knowledge of and practices for climate change and disaster risk management by African governments in policy formulation and implementation. Whereas references to the need to apply the indigenous knowledge of and practices for climate change and disaster risk management are abound in academic documents and policy instruments, this research has found that the application of the African indigenous knowledge of and practices for climate change and disaster risk management remains elusive. The research identified key barriers that hinder the application of the AIK for climate change and disaster risk management in decision making, and suggested some policy recommendations that would contribute to the utilisation of indigenous knowledge systems in policy formulation and implementation. The study was undertaken in seven African countries. These include Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Tunisia, and Mozambique. The seven countries represents the six climate zones on the African continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of Ubuntu is regarded as one of the regional flagships of Southern Africa in terms of social science theories. The theory has been praised and criticised for allegedly being too communitarian and for paying little, if any, attention to individual rights, respectively. On the one hand, Africanists view this as a strength of African morality, while on the other hand, pro-individual rights scholars view the theory as a disenfranchisement of the individual in favour of the community. This latter argument therefore justifies the Eurocentric view that African cultures are archaic, only applicable for small communities and are, hence, not compatible with current globalisation and industrialised world trends. This paper argues that both views are incorrect. It avers that Ubuntu is a theory that balances individual and community rights in the human/societal ecology. It makes the counter-argument that Ubuntu has never been a negation of the individual but a moral concept which centres on individual rights that pay respect to the rights of the next individual. The paper notes that the practical elements of Ubuntu are pervasive even in western societies, which are arguably the cradle of individualism and are still called so in contemporary nations and states to this day. The paper uses the Ubuntu theory to draw a balance between the rights of the individual and those of the community, showing that there is no negation but rather a balance between the groups of rights. The paper uses extensive document analysis as a method of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is conceptual paper which tried to fathom in to development of Africa’s economy and its trade relationship with India. The paper basically reviewed literature on trade and investment and export and import transactions relations between India and Africa by analyzing period-wise report from 2001-2017. This paper also analyzed initiatives that was considered by policymakers in the two subcontinents to boost the trade relationship that may provide benefits to both Africa and India. Indo-African trade volume reached US$ 53.3 billion in 2010-11 & US$ 62 billion in 2011-12. It became US$ 90 billion by 2015. It is to be noted that this volume was at a scant US$ 3 billion in 2001, in 2015, India had emerged as Africa's fourth largest trade partner behind China, EU & USA whilst Africa emerged as India's sixth largest trading partner behind EU, China, UAE, USA & ASEAN. In 2017, Africa emerged as India’s third-largest export destination. Africa-India bilateral trade can touch USD 150 billion in the next five years from the current 52 USD billion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper interrogates the subject of political consciousness and political governance vis-à-vis the mounting level of global restiveness precipitated by an unprecedented level of disparity in the global distribution of wealth. It borrows from the mainstream Marxian political-economic framework, arguing that the material existence of the growing and restive global population spurs political consciousness and questions the legitimacy of many national governments, as well as the global governance structures that support them. The paper is a desk study which relies heavily on secondary data, supported by a qualitative review of existing literature. Findings suggest that the global capitalist ideology -- regulated by market forces -- and accentuated by political globalization has failed to satisfy the legitimate aspirations to better conditions of living for the majority of the world's population, especially in the developing countries, but particularly in Africa. The paper strongly recommends the strengthening of regional governance architecture in order to hold national leaderships accountable and responsive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tempo (1413-7704) is the property of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite efforts to achieve universal access to safe drinkable water and improved sanitation, many Africans still lack access to these social services. There are also disparities between urban and rural areas in access to these services in Africa. If sustained, this adverse trend could undermine the achievement of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 6 to ensure access to safe drinkable water and sanitation for all by 2030. This paper examines the effect of globalization on access to clean water and improved sanitation in Africa over the 1990–2015 period. Based on the panel corrected standard errors estimator, the results show that overall globalization improves access to water and improved sanitation while increasing disparities between urban and rural areas in access to improved sanitation. Among the sub-indexes of globalization, social globalization enhances access to drinkable water and improved sanitation for the total, urban and rural population. However, social globalization widens the urban-rural gap in access to improved sanitation while its effect on disparities in access to drinkable water is not significant. Economic globalization reduces the share of the population with access to improved sanitation while its effects on access to drinkable water and the urban-rural disparities in access in both social services are not statistically significant. Finally, some differences are found when distinguishing between de facto and de jure aspects of globalization. Policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]