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We have been using paper for more than a thousand years and we are so accustomed to using it. However, digital information is easy to share and manage. It is necessary to digitize the handwriting. This article proposes a method of encoding coordinates on a twodimensional page for digitizing hand-writing, combining Anoto encoding and nCode encoding. The coding scheme is calibrated based on coordinate relation, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified through experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is an emerging technology that enables computing on data while the data is encrypted. It has advantages, but it also has a significant difficulty. Programmers that use General-Purpose Programming Languages (GPPLs) may find it difficult to handwrite the script code for the HE correctly. This paper presents the front-end compiler design for the first graphical modelling language (DSML) to implement HE schemas, called HomoLang. It is providing a graphical environment with graphical building nodes that represent the HE concepts to enable the building of HE schemas. A high degree of abstraction and a decrease in grammatical and runtime errors improved the expressiveness and efficiency of implementation. Six security tests for security analysis were provided. The efficiency of the submitted language was evaluated using four subjective metrics. This paper provides a detailed explanation of the attributes, evaluation details, and design of the submitted HomoLang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data secrecy has reached a different dimension and the presence of a cipher is not enough for assuring that a particular message is safe. Further, a technique for hiding the cipher inside an image has also been implemented so that the presence of a message can be denied. This paper presents an encryption technique using multiplier method to generate cipher text. Vedic Mathematics in itself offers widespread method for encryption message that is even includes concepts of the elliptical curves, Vedic multiplier etc. [8]. The Vedic Multiplier scheme is utilized here for encoding and decoding process. It has used to encrypt plain texts later this has hidden inside an image. The objective of this research work is continuously resound for development of an identical method which will guarantee confidentiality and authenticity for the private communications between two entities. The proposed paper can be used in order to develop applications on both Cryptography and Steganography(Crypt-Stegano) using Encoded Multiplier Technique(EMT) with least time complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a brief review of ciphering methods for secure image communications in the contexts of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence. With the rapid advancements in mobile computing and the diversity of public data storing devices, ensuring robust security mechanisms has become a critical area of focus. We acknowledge the importance of historical context and the evolution of encryption/decryption approaches, and we aim to establish a systematic understanding of lightweight image encryption in IoT applications. To this end, a use case for AES image encryption will be highlighted to provide practical insights. Moreover, an abstract ciphering approach is suggested towards limiting the image-related de-anonymization attacks which can occur over publicly shared trained image sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security of the data is of utmost importance, whenever the data flows on the network. In the current times and t[i]mes to come, cyber security is going to occupy the center stage in the lifecycle of any software. Security is an evergreen and everlasting area, because of the continuous threat from Hackers and Crackers. The proposed work focuses on the protection of the data in the area of Social Network. It has been achieved by the design and development of a new encryption technique called as PentaPlicative Cipher Technique. The PentaPlicative Cipher Technique makes use of multiple keys such as Latitude, Longitude, IP Address and MAC Address of node et al. to securely encrypt the message that needs to be transmitted through a non-secure channel. The paper concludes with an effective comparison in terms of space and time Complexity between Triplicative and PentaPlicative Cipher Technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By analyzing and comparing the G.729a speech coding specifications, this paper proposes an effective information hiding method. The proposed method hides the transmitted confidential information bits according to the need of the hiding information to adjust the last bit value of the excitation pulse position coding in G.729a speech coding, thereby realizing the embedding of secret information. We discussed and introduced in detail the information embedding and extraction algorithm of the proposed information hiding method. In order to test the feasibility and efficiency of the method studied, we conducted simulation experiments. The experiment used six kinds of audio material clips that we recorded, cut and edited by ourselves, namely children's male voice, children's female voice, male singing voice, female singing voice, Chinese classical music, and western music. Experiments show that when the secret information transmission rate is 200 bit/s and the hiding rate is 2.5%, the percentage of PESQ value reduction of the voice carrier proposed by the information hiding method proposed in this paper is 5.31%. While the secret information transmission rate is 300 bit/s and the hiding rate is 3.75%, the percentage of PESQ value reduction is 7.95%. The experimental results showed that the algorithm discussed in this paper has a sound covert communication capacity and strong concealment, indicating that the proposed algorithm demonstrates good information hiding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Informatica (03505596) is the property of Slovene Society Informatika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the increasing number of solar PV systems, the future grid-connected converters should provide a full range of services. Such requirements make the operators of the distribution system modify the current grid codes to ensure the security of the power grid and enhance the Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) capability of renewable energy resources (RER). Nowadays, in many countries, the smart grid is standardized, and thus, the development of control strategies for a grid-connected PV system is crucial, particularly with the high level of PV penetration. Initially, the paper reviews the grid codes for LVRT capability of grid-connected solar PV systems. Furthermore, the paper proposes an improved protection control strategy for the DC link of grid-connected PV system with reactive power support to enhance the LVRT during grid faults. The test results presented in this paper have vindicated the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Unlabelled Image • The PV system can comply with the new grid codes using the proposed approach with optimal selection of crowbar resistor. • Application of the harmonized grid codes as benchmark to ensure the security of grid-connected PV system during fault. • A developed DC link crowbar protection with a power control scheme can facilitate the task of providing power support. • The developed approach enables the solar PV system to stay longer connected than the specified period in the new grid codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional encryption is based on secrecy provided by secret-key. But this leads to generation of same cipher text when the encryption scheme is applied to same plaintext with same key. Thus, replay of messages can be effortlessly identified by an adversary which can be a weak link in any communication. Probabilistic encryption is an approach to overcome this weakness where different cipher texts are generated each time same plaintext is encrypted using the same key. Extending the probabilistic approach, which is generally employed in asymmetric encryption, this paper proposes a new chaos-based probabilistic symmetric encryption scheme with customizable block-size suitable for image encryption. It employs a Random Bits Insertion phase followed by four rounds of two-staged diffusion involving simple XOR (exclusive-OR) operation making it computationally efficient. Random Bits Insertion makes the scheme probabilistic. This phase also helps in increasing entropy and making intensity distribution more uniform in cipher. The generated cipher text is twice the size of plain text. An increase in cipher text space is inevitable for probabilistic encryption and it provides an advantage as the apparent message space for the attacker is increased. The observations show that the scheme offers high strength to resist statistical and cryptanalytic attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My paper concentrates on investigating freedom, as seen by Schelling via Jaspers's concept of transcendental thought. The comparison of both authors shows the basic difference in conceiving freedom, responsibility, and approach to the real world. We can trace how Jaspers's so called "eternity freedom" stands quite in opposition to Schelling's free will. Jaspers deals with unsurmountable divide between human and God. Being as a whole is unrecognizable, mental attitudes are limited. Schelling perceives God analogically to human. In the relation to divinity, he utilizes categories like possibility, necessity, reality. For Jaspers, the reality of transcendence exceeds all categories, notions and images. We only can be touched by transcendence by hearing the language of ciphers of existence. Transcendence occurs in many ways and transcendent truths cannot be traced concretely. Schelling inspired Jaspers already during his first philosophical period. Nevertheless, he returned to his thoughts during the fifties, when he prepared his monumental project of universal history of philosophy. The monumental work remind unfinished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the use of control theoretical concepts, essentially flatness, along with structural analysis, in the context of private communication. A new and systematic methodology to design a cryptographic architecture belonging to the special class of ciphers called Self Synchronizing Stream Ciphers (SSSC) is proposed. Till now, the constructions of SSSC were based on automata with finite input memory involving shifts or triangular functions ( T -functions) as state transition functions. Besides, only ad-hoc approaches were available in the literature. The contribution of this paper is to propose a general framework to design SSSC involving dynamical systems taking the form of switched linear systems over finite fields with arbitrary state transition functions. An example of cipher with complete specifications is given. Its implementation on a small scale breeding of an ICS-SCADA equipment is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with topic of image encryption based on chaotic maps. A solution which has advantage of robustness against chosen-plaintext attacks is proposed. Permutations of image pixels are carried out in a way that enables operations on grayscale images with arbitrary resolution. All calculations done with user key and also all diffusion processes employ the same chaotic map. This feature enables usage of look-up tables which reduce computational times. The paper includes several experiments which verify achieved results and also briefly describes advantages and drawbacks of proposed solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) will transform our daily life by making different aspects of life smart like smart home, smart workplace, smart health and smart city etc. IoT is based on network of physical objects equipped with sensors and actuators that can gather and share data with other objects or humans. Secure communication is required for successful working of IoT. In this paper, a total of 13 lightweight cryptographic algorithms are evaluated based on their implementation results on 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit microcontrollers and their appropriateness is examined for resource-constrained scenarios like IoT. These algorithms are analysed by dissecting them into their logical and structural elements. This paper tries to investigate the relationships between the structural elements of an algorithm and its performance. Association rule mining is used to find association patterns among the constituent elements of the selected ciphers and their performance. Interesting results are found on the type of element used to improve the cipher in terms of code size, RAM requirement and execution time. This paper will serve as a guideline for cryptographic designers to design improved ciphers for resource constrained environments like IoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SIMON and SPECK are two families of lightweight block ciphers that have excellent performance on hardware and software platforms. At CRYPTO 2019, Gohr first introduces the differential cryptanalysis based deep learning on round-reduced SPECK32/64, and finally reduces the remaining security of 11-round SPECK32/64 to roughly 38 bits. In this paper, we are committed to evaluating the safety of SIMON cipher under the neural differential cryptanalysis. We firstly prove theoretically that SIMON is a non-Markov cipher, which means that the results based on conventional differential cryptanalysis may be inaccurate. Then we train a residual neural network to get the 7-, 8-, 9-round neural distinguishers for SIMON32/64. To prove the effectiveness for our distinguishers, we perform the distinguishing attack and key-recovery attack against 15-round SIMON32/64. The results show that the real ciphertexts can be distinguished from random ciphertexts with a probability close to 1 only by 28.7 chosen-plaintext pairs. For the key-recovery attack, the correct key was recovered with a success rate of 23%, and the data complexity and computation complexity are as low as 28 and 220.1 respectively. All the results are better than the existing literature. Furthermore, we briefly discussed the effect of different residual network structures on the training results of neural distinguishers. It is hoped that our findings will provide some reference for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of same keys or equivalent keys should not be occurred in cryptographic communications because a cipher system utilising such keys to secure messages can be attacked even it possesses excellent cryptographic characteristics for extracting intelligible information from encrypted messages. Identification of crypts formed with such keys is an important task of traffic analysis of cryptographic communications to check the applicability of two-messages-on-same-key (TMSK) attack. To avoid its applicability, adequate safeguards are required. In the paper, we cryptanalyze stream encryption based cipher system and propose an intelligent identification methodology using multi-entropy measures and soft decision criteria for identification of encrypted images of same or equivalent keys. Experimental test results show that the crypts formed with same keys can be identified successfully with high precision. We also present the countermeasures against TMSK attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite communication links are vulnerable to attacks due to the lack of necessary security protection and can be considered as a white-box environment. In a white-box environment, cryptanalysts can access the intermediate processes of the algorithm and even manipulate or change the operating environment. Cryptanalysts can obtain keys or tamper with important data in many ways, which makes data communication unsecured. To solve the problem, a lightweight white-box cipher over Addition/Rotation/XOR (ARX) structure (LWARX) is proposed, which has 48 rounds of iterations through an unbalanced Feistel structure. On this basis, some of its linear operations are represented as lookup tables, and a secure external coding method is combined to complete the white-box implementation. The design and white-box implementation of the algorithm has resulted in a lighter and more rational structure, and still provides sufficient obfuscation of the data even when the S-box is discarded. The test results show that the average encryption speed is 37.53 Kbps , and average encryption speed after white-box implementation is 30.05 Kbps. And it can resist various attacks. The security of the algorithm against common attack methods such as differential analysis, linear analysis, code lifting attacks and BGE attacks is given in the paper with security analysis and specific values. This scheme balances computing efficiency and security, takes up little space, can be applied to scenarios with limited hardware and software resources, and broadens the application area of white-box cryptography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparse coding-based single image super-resolution has attracted much interest. In this paper, a super-resolution reconstruction algorithm based on sparse coding with multi-class dictionaries is put forward. We propose a novel method for image patch classification, using the phase congruency information. A sub-dictionary is learned from patches in each category. For a given image patch, the sub-dictionary that belongs to the same category is selected adaptively. Since the given patch has similar pattern with the selected sub-dictionary, it can be better represented. Finally, iterative back-projection is used to enforce global reconstruction constraint. Experiments demonstrate that our approach can produce comparable or even better super-resolution reconstruction results with some existing algorithms, in both subjective visual quality and numerical measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the teaching process of computer language courses, a large amount of programming experimental content needs to be supplemented. Students sometimes copy codes from each other, which seriously reduces the teaching quality of computer language courses and makes it difficult to improve students' programming abilities. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel code similarity detection algorithm based on code text and AST. By removing comments, blank characters, and other "cleaning" processes from the code text, the normalized code text is obtained. Then, word segmentation, word frequency statistics, weight calculation, and other operations are carried out. The code fingerprint is obtained by using the Simhash algorithm. According to the specification of computer language grammar, lexical analysis and syntax analysis are conducted to extract the AST (abstract syntax tree), and redundant information is eliminated. According to the Zhang-Shasha algorithm, the AST edit distance is calculated and then compared to the AST. Finally, the similar degree between the text similarity and AST similarity is calculated. In order to verify the effectiveness of this method, taking Python code as an example, the code on the open source programming platform and LeetCode is used to build the test data set according to the common code plagiarism method. Experimental results show that this method is capable at detecting several common means of plagiarism, and low similarity can be obtained for the experimental detection of unrelated codes and non-plagiarized codes. Therefore, we believe that this algorithm can effectively be used for the code similarity detection of experimental code in computer language courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional regenerating codes are designed to tolerate node failures with optimal bandwidth overhead. However, there are many types of partial failures inside the node, such as latent sector failures. Recently, proposed regenerating codes can also repair intra-node failures with node-level redundancy but incur significant bandwidth and I/O overhead. In this paper, we construct a new scheme of regenerating codes, called IR-RBT codes, which employs intra-node redundancy to tolerate intra-node failures and serve as the help data for other nodes during the repair operation. We propose 2 algorithms for assigning the intra-node redundancy and RBT-Helpers according to the failure probability of each node, which can flexibly adjust the helping relationship between nodes to address changes in the actual situation. We demonstrate that the IR-RBT codes improve the bandwidth and I/O efficiency during intra-node failure repair over traditional regenerating codes but sacrifice the storage efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secret sharing is an effective way of protecting secret messages. However, the traditional secret sharing schemes are considered meaningless due to malicious people attention which might raise risks. To overcome the weakness, this paper presents an effective secret sharing scheme with the functionality of cheater identification, based on meaningful QR code. The secret message will be split and concealed in the padding region of cover QR codes with the assistance of Latin square and it can be completely restored when all the involved participants cooperate. The concealing strategy exploits the characteristic of Reed-Solomon (RS) code to ensure the strong robustness of generated QR code pseudo-shares. The meaningful QR code pseudo-shares help to reduce the curious of unrelated persons. Some experiments were done to evaluate the performance of proposed scheme. The results showed that the proposed scheme is feasible, efficient and secure compared to the other existing schemes. It also achieves a higher secret payload and maintains stronger robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a data management method that utilizes unified coding and allocation numbers, this paper proposes an online, direct reporting, full-process management method, from ownership information generation to allocation number printing. In the unified coding and allocation, our method includes mainly toplevel nodes (national nodes), secondary nodes (provincial and municipal nodes), and base-level nodes (county-level nodes) of multiple hierarchical structures with upper and lower affiliation. Data audit and registration approval authority is implemented through different levels of branch nodes, which focuses on the development and optimization of coding and allocation methods. It also uses the national sea area dynamic monitoring and management system (NSADMMS) as a platform to achieve the application of coding and allocation methods. After 4 years of operation, the practicality of the research content is verified. At the same time, the sea space resource utilization data managed by this method show that there is a larger fluctuation of the sea area type in the industry, and open sea use is dominant in the sea use area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the construction of matrix-product codes with Euclidean dual-containing are studied. The critical issue is to determine the parameters of the matrix-product code and its dual code. Therefore, the necessary conditions for which the matrix-product code is Euclidean dual-containing are given. Consequently, new non-binary quantum codes are derived from those matrix-product codes by q-ary Steane's construction, and some examples are given for q =4,5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, narrow-sense and non-narrow-sense BCH codes of length n =2(q4−1) that contain their Hermitian duals over Fq2 are studied, where q is an odd prime power. Theory of cyclotomic coset is applied to confirm the maximum designed distances and dimensions of these BCH codes. Finally, some new quantum codes are obtained from such BCH codes, many of our quantum codes are much better than those from narrow-sense BCH codes in [12]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Privacy and confidentiality can be secured by using cryptography. Thus, one needs to be sure that the ciphers being employed are secure and resistant to cryptanalysis. In the paper, a new state recovery attack on the RC4+ stream cipher is described. This attack is a plaintext attack where having both the plaintext and ciphertext the attacker can calculate the keystream what leads to revealing the internal state of the cipher. The presented approach is based on a Tabu Search with different types of neighbourhood and two types of aspiration proposed and considered. It requires checking 2 50 possible internal states on average in order to find the correct state. This is the best-known attack on RC4+. The other attacks that are known to date are a distinguishing attack and a differential fault analysis but only proposed approach can lead to revealing the internal state of RC4+ after checking so little permutations on average. Highlights • Tabu Search algorithm may be an efficient cryptanalysis tool for modern ciphers. • Only distinguishing and differential fault analysis attacks on the considered cipher are known. • Tabu Search has the ability of finding proper internal state of the RC4+ cipher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is too fast. The advances of the computing technology are moving very fast and far from the era of gigantic machine. This advanced technology offers easy, fast and wide range of computing activities particularly users who want to use the Internet, regardless of time and place. In addition, this advanced technology can also connect more communication tool. At the same time, greater storage platform is also available as mobile computing cloud computing architecture adopted to carry out computer activities. However, the larger the network which is connected to a computer, the more susceptible the computer to the outside threats. Indirectly, the communication system and the information stored in the computer are also exposed. Therefore, in this paper, we has discussed on the evolution of the computing which begin with the distributed system until recent computing technology which we called Mobile Big Data Computing. Besides, in this paper, we define the term Mobile Big Data Computing. Our discussion focuses on the information security aspects for the security of storage and transmitted data. Ultimately, this paper discusses the direction of the lightweight cipher design consideration towards Mobile Big Data Computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enocoro-80 is a lightweight stream cipher proposed in 2007. Several attacks on it have been published, although none have violated the claimed 80-bit security of Enocoro-80. The cipher had been adopted as an ISO/IEC29192 standard in 2012. This paper exploits the slide property of Enocoro-80, and shows that it is vulnerable to a related-key chosen IV attack when the key belongs to a large subset of 2 72 of all 2 80 keys. This attack has a time complexity of 2 48 , requiring 2 17 chosen IVs. This is the first paper pointing out a potential weakness in the Enocoro-80 stream cipher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper Quaternion Feistel Cipher (QFC) with an infinite key space based on quaternion Julia sets is proposed. The basic structure of the algorithm is based on the scheme proposed in 2012 by Sastry and Kumar. The pro- posed algorithm uses special properties of quaternions to per- form rotations of data sequences in 3D space for each of the cipher rounds. It also uses Julia sets to form an infinite key space. The plaintext is divided into two square ma- trices of equal size and written using Lipschitz quaternions. A modular arithmetic was implemented for operations with quaternions. A computer-based analysis has been carried out and obtained results are shown at the end of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security aspects in communication systems are becoming more and more significant day by day. New methods for improved security are to be introduced since the security attacks also forms new shapes and expressions. Generally the security of a hardware system is directly proportional to the hardware complexity. It is a challenge to enhance or at least maintain the security level with reduced hardware complexity. In this paper an attempt is made to design a part of secure communication system, diverting from the conventional methods. This paper focus on hardware efficient design of Substitution Box (S Box), as S Box is the most significant part of a block cipher. The proposed design incorporates the concept of both static and dynamic S Boxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent paper, Michel and Pirillo prove that there are 24 dinucleotide circular codes of maximum cardinality over an alphabet of cardinality 4. In this paper we find the exact number of dinucleotide circular codes of maximum cardinality for any given (finite) cardinality of the alphabet. Moreover, we describe the structure of these codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of new technologies and devices brings a new environment in the field of cyber security. It is not easy to predict possible security threats about new environment every time without special criteria. In other words, most malicious codes often reuse malicious code that has occurred in the past, such as bypassing detection from anti-virus or including additional functions. Therefore, we are predicting the security threats that can arise in a new environment based on the history of repeated malicious code. In this paper, we classify and define not only the internal information obtained from malicious code analysis but also the features that occur during infection and attack. We propose a method to predict and manage security threats in new environment by continuously managing and extending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The conventional symmetric Hill cipher encryption algorithm, applied for data encryption, presents several disadvantages. However, a drawback of the conventional algorithm is known to be vulnerable to plain-text attack. Another setback, it does not hide all features of the image with homogeneous background and finally, the difficulty of finding the inverse of the key matrix. To overcome these problems, in this paper, we propose an improvement of the Hill cipher algorithm. The principle consists in using an affine transformation provided by a three-order invertible matrix and a dynamic translation vector. This vector is dynamically transformed at each iteration by an affine transformation composed of a chaotic matrix T, not necessarily invertible, and a pseudo random translation vector Y. This improvement overcomes the linearity problem of Hill's classic method. In addition, computational complexity can be reduced by simplifying the inverse matrix search process at the time of decryption. This inverse lies only in the search for the modular inverse of a single element of the matrix in the ring Z/256Z. The proposed scheme overcomes the disadvantages of the conventional Hill cipher, especially, the images with strong homogenous zones. The proposed algorithm guarantees a better quality of security and encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • We developed key generation algorithms in the bi-objective and the single objective optimization framework. • For encoding we employed the Mutated Huffman Tree Coding algorithm. • We encrypted the encoded key stream as well as the encoded plain text in order to generate the cipher text. • We then decrypted the cipher text using the encoded key stream and the decoded the deciphered text using the code tables. • The highest entropy value yielded by the NSGA-II-KGA, which in turn indicates the strength of the key generated. Abstract Evolutionary algorithms are widely used to solve a wide variety of continuous, discrete and combinatorial optimization problems. Evolutionary multi-objective optimization problems seek Pareto front in order to negotiate the trade-off amongst various objective functions present in the problem. Much of the literature on cryptography focuses on making the inference problem harder, for securing the content. In this paper, we developed key generation algorithms using Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) in the bi-objective optimization framework and Improved Modified Harmony Search + Differential Evolution (IMHS+DE), Differential Evolution (DE) and Improved Modified Harmony Search (IMHS), in the single objective optimization framework. For encoding the keystream thus generated as well as the plain text we employed the Mutated Huffman Tree Coding algorithm. In the next phase, we encrypted the encoded keystream as well as the encoded plain text in order to generate the cipher text. We then decrypted the cipher text using the encoded key stream followed by the decoding of the deciphered text using the code tables. Following the literature, we generated random texts of varying lengths and code table sizes in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. The proposed algorithms are compared with the extant methods. In the case of bi-objective optimization set up, we also plotted the empirical attainment function (EAF) surface to summarize the effectiveness of the NSGA-II based key generation algorithm. Of particular significance is the highest entropy value yielded by the NSGA-II based algorithm, which in turn indicates the strength of the key generated by the NSGA-II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee mobility is an important issue for companies that have a goal to become global company. The company often asks the employees to do some assignments outside the office area, either inside or outside of their home country. A portable virtual private network (VPN) is a device that enables the employees to perform remote access connection to internal computer resources via internet. Therefore, the employee can still work on their assignments in company server while doing business travelling. In this paper, the secure and low power portable VPN prototype is being proposed. The prototype of the VPN portable gateway device is built using OpenVPN-R core applications that are modified from OpenVPN version 2.3.10 with OpenSSL version 1.0.2h. It is implemented into a single board computer (SBC) Raspberry Pi 3 Model B +. The modification performed in this system is the inclusion of Rabbit stream cipher algorithm to OpenSSL as one of the alternative options of TLS ciphersuites on OpenVPN. The prototype portable VPN gateway device generated from this research has Rabbit ciphersuites, platform independent, and has additional features inbuilt firewall. The simulation results show that the proposed prototype can perform secure data transfer. On the other hand the proposed Rabbit stream cipher algorithm shows better performance than other algorithm in terms of data transfer rate, CPU utilization, and memory usage which leads to smaller power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust stream cipher algorithm is defined as unpredictable and random generator of the keystreams under minimal perturbations over its inputs. It provides too strong encryption resisting to the attacks founded on the correlation of the regenerated keystreams. The robustness of a wireless network security requires efficient cryptographic primitives and security protocols able to prove the integrity, authentication and confidentiality of the sensitive information. In this paper, we aim to enhance the data confidentiality and integrity of the wireless network. To highlight the data integrity, we introduce a dynamic integrity check code that calculates a checksum from primitive polynomials generator. In our contribution, we focus on the dynamist, unpredictability and non-traceability of sensitive information. We progress our system by a process of regeneration of the primitive polynomials proper to any communication session without touching the internal behavior of the habitual systems. We aim also to introduce a solution which influences by any minimal perturbation on the sensitive elements. It inspires its robustness by its aptitude to regenerate lightweight, dynamic and robust cryptographic primitives able to ensure robust wireless network security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of domain-specific languages (DSLs) can improve the productivity of software development. However, the complexity of DSL development prevents more wide-spread usage of this technique. In this paper a framework of language construction is proposed that aims to support reusability of language elements and tools and therefore lower the cost of DSL development. It is based on the generic language that provides a syntactic substrate for developed languages. Language elements are evaluated using special functions that are expressed in existing general-purpose language. A system for static checking of code is also included. The paper presents example languages implemented using the prototype of proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral cryptanalysis, which is based on the existence of (higher-order) integral distinguishers, is a powerful cryptographic method that can be used to evaluate the security of modern block ciphers. In this paper, we focus on substitution-permutation network (SPN) ciphers and propose a criterion to characterize how an r-round integral distinguisher can be extended to an (r+1)-round higher-order integral distinguisher. This criterion, which builds a link between integrals and higher-order integrals of SPN ciphers, is in fact based on the theory of direct decomposition of a linear space defined by the linear mapping of the cipher. It can be directly utilized to unify the procedure for finding 4-round higher-order integral distinguishers of AES and ARIA and can be further extended to analyze higher-order integral distinguishers of various block cipher structures. We hope that the criterion presented in this paper will benefit the cryptanalysts and may thus lead to better cryptanalytic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronics & Electrical Engineering is the property of Electronics & Electrical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes an efficient masking method for the block cipher SEED that is standardized in Korea. The nonlinear parts of SEED consist of two S-boxes and modular additions. However, the masked version of these nonlinear parts requires excessive RAM usage and a large number of operations. Protecting SEED by the general masking method requires 512 bytes of RAM corresponding to masked S-boxes and a large number of operations corresponding to the masked addition. This paper proposes a new-style masked S-box which can reduce the amount of operations of the masking addition process as well as the RAM usage. The proposed masked SEED, equipped with the new-style masked S-box, reduces the RAM requirements to 288 bytes, and it also reduces the processing time by 38% compared with the masked SEED using the general masked S-box. The proposed method also applies to other block ciphers with the same nonlinear operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer Science (1407-7493) is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the telegram and its impact upon meaning and language, including Indian nationalist strategies subverting imperial control. After 1860, the British Indian Empire emerged as a crucial strategic element in the telegraph network of the globe. It included countries outside present-day India and the larger sphere of 'informal empire.' The paper uses the terms India and the Indian Empire in this broader sense. Changes in time and shortening of distance, allowed messages to be sent and received rapidly but permitted multiple interpretations of what telegrams meant. It was a world of electronic communication where codes and ciphers and mistaken meanings were recurrent: a world of shadowy meanings. This paper analyses the technological and interpretative dimensions of this asymmetrical world of transnational electronic communication flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at the character of the pattern of special garment, going deep into searching the code of the garment, summarizing, analyzing and classifying the information of the structure of the garment widely. At this base, this paper puts the rule and way of coding forward, making the styles digital and every garment have its only code. The rule of coding owning the character of expansion and comprehensive applicability is not only suitable for the pattern management of the garment which is multifarious and made with little batch, but also the base of designing the pattern management system for special garment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonbinary information (m-ary symbol information) is often used in information input systems based on character recognition or keyboard entry. It is known that single-symbol errors and adjacent two-symbol transposition errors occur in such systems. This paper proposes a code construction method that can correct nonbinary single-symbol errors and also adjacent two-symbol transposition errors. The codes proposed in this paper consist of check symbols on integer rings and prime fields. These check symbols are converted to m-ary symbols and the code word is constructed by adding the result to the information symbol. The proposed code is better than the conventional code in terms of code length. When m=10, for example, the code length is more than twice that of the conventional code. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 54– 60, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10516 Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We survey the authorship attribution of documents given some prior stylistic characteristics of the author''s writing extracted from a corpus of known works, e.g., authentication of disputed documents or literary works. Although the pioneering paper based on word length histograms appeared at the very end of the nineteenth century, the resolution power of this and other stylometry approaches is yet to be studied both theoretically and on case studies such that additional information can assist finding the correct attribution. We survey several theoretical approaches including ones approximating the apparently nearly optimal one based on Kolmogorov conditional complexity and some case studies: attributing Shakespeare canon and newly discovered works as well as allegedly M. Twain''s newly-discovered works, Federalist papers binary (Madison vs. Hamilton) discrimination using Naive Bayes and other classifiers, and steganography presence testing. The latter topic is complemented by a sketch of an anagrams ambiguity study based on the Shannon cryptography theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Indians frequently use mixed codes in peer group interaction and transactional situations. Earlier, code mixing (CM) with English was common in professional and academic domains but was hardly noticed in personal domains and vernacular literature. However, this trend is slowly changing as CM with English has made inroads into the family situations. CM with English cuts across language barriers and is considered a marker of modernization, socio-economic position and membership in an elite group (Kachru 1983, Annamalai 1978, 2001). Several studies have thrown light on the social and psychological factors that are responsible for or necessitate code mixing (Kachru 1983, Gardner 1985, Annamalai 1978, 2001). In addition to the attitudinal factors that are responsible for the use of English, neurological factors also play a vital role in the choice of a language in a bilingual's repertoire. This paper tries to examine the role of neurological factors that underlie code mixing in Indian bilinguals. The purpose of this paper is to investigate why a particular language is used more often in code mixing? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) associates ciphertext with access policies. Only when the user's attributes satisfy the ciphertext's policy, they can be capable to decrypt the ciphertext. Expressivity and security are the two directions for the research of CP-ABE. Most of the existing schemes only consider monotonic access structures are selectively secure, resulting in lower expressivity and lower security. Therefore, fully secure CP-ABE schemes with non-monotonic access structure are desired. In the existing fully secure non-monotonic access structure CP-ABE schemes, the attributes that are set is bounded and a one-use constraint is required by these projects on attributes, and efficiency will be lost. In this paper, to overcome the flaw referred to above, we propose a new fully secure non-monotonic access structure CP-ABE. Our proposition enforces no constraints on the scale of the attributes that are set and permits attributes' unrestricted utilization. Furthermore, the scheme's public parameters are composed of a constant number of group elements. We further compare the performance of our scheme with former non-monotonic access structure ABE schemes. It is shown that our scheme has relatively lower computation cost and stronger security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of cloud computing, more and more data owners are motivated to outsource their data to cloud for various benefits. Due to serious privacy concerns, sensitive data should be encrypted before being outsourced to the cloud. However, this results that effective data utilization becomes a very challenging task, such as keyword search over ciphertexts. Although many searchable encryption methods have been proposed, they only support exact keyword search. Thus, misspelled keywords in the query will result in wrong or no matching. Very recently, a few methods extends the search capability to fuzzy keyword search. Some of them may result in inaccurate search results. The other methods need very large indexes which inevitably lead to low search efficiency. Additionally, the above fuzzy keyword search methods do not support access control. In our paper, we propose a searchable encryption method which achieves fuzzy search and access control through algorithm design and Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-based Encryption (CP-ABE). In our method, the index is small and the search results are accurate. We present word pattern which can be used to balance the search efficiency and privacy. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments and analyze the security of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worst-case execution time (WCET) is a parameter necessary to guarantee timing constraints on real-time systems. The higher the worst-case execution time of tasks, the higher will be the resource demand for the associated system. The goal of this paper is to propose a different way to perform loop unrolling on data-dependent loops using code predication targeting WCET reduction, because existing techniques only consider loops with fixed execution counts. We also combine our technique with existing unrolling approaches. Results showed that this combination can produce aggressive WCET reductions when compared with the original code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PRATHALA TABLE of ALPHANUMERALS is a 62 x 62 matrix table developed by the authors for cryptographic purpose. In this paper a newly developed table of ALPHANUMERALS is proposed using Vigenere cipher logic. About (62!) 62 tables can be generated. Each table is a 62 x 62 matrix. At any point of time any one of the tables can be used for encryption. The same table is to be regenerated and used for decryption. Experiments conducted shows that PRATHALA TABLE of ALPHANUMERALS method is much more secure than Vigenere Table Method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance and flexible configurable SHIFT instructions targeted at symmetrical cipher processing are proposed in this paper, in order to dispel the bottleneck of symmetrical cipher algorithms realized by universal processors. Through analyzing the processing characteristics and the structures of many symmetrical cipher algorithms, the proposed SHIFT instructions can support different processing data widths, different SHIFT modes. Furthermore, instruction level parallelism based on VLIW system structure and instruction inner parallelism by operating several sub word SHIFTs at the same time are designed too. Finally, corresponding reconfigurable hardware units to support the execution of each instruction forcefully is also exploited. For the characteristics of high efficiency and flexibility, the specific SHIFT instructions and the reconfigurable hardware processing units can be used as an ameliorative unit for processors to advance the performance in special processing for symmetrical cipher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A code whose every codeword symbol can be recovered from other certain symbols is called a locally repairable code (LRC). The locality of a locally repairable code for a distributed storage system is the number of nodes that participate in the repair process, which characterizes the repair cost. In this paper, firstly, some LRCs with locality r = 2 generated by special matrices are proved, and some methods of constructing generator matrix are proposed. Next, we construct generator matrices of k-dimensional optimal ternary linear codes and obtain their locality ( k ≤ 4). Many optimal codes with small locality have been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]