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Medical men in their handling of disease increasingly have recourse to "team-work." Various specialists each make their own diagnosis of the patient, and set out a corresponding course of treatment. It is for sociology (ill-equipped for the task though as yet it may be) to infuse the discussion and treatment of current ills with the quickening spirit of a synthetic science. As a modest contribution to such discussion of the Coal Crisis, the present studies are submitted, though of necessity preliminary and tentative. These studies open with a paper which attempts what may be called a sociological orientation of the Coal Question. Here the coal crisis is viewed as symptom of a deep-seated malady in the body politic. This introductory paper is followed by four others, which sample the manifold contributions to public welfare in general, and the coal question in particular, to be drawn from the physico-chemical sciences, from biology, and from the simpler aspects of social science. The Coal Crisis is but the concentrated expression, and virulent outbreak, of a crisis in Great Britain's national life.

This paper examines whether man's social destiny is in harmony with the vision of the Christian religion. The pessimistic utterances of representative European and U.S. thinkers cover a wide range of social phenomena, form the moral condition of youth to warlike attitudes and economic opportunities, but no one who understands human society can doubt that they are all close linked together and that together they form a very considerable indictment of the civilization. Reason behind the rampant self-interest of the world at present time is because of culture, which stimulates individual and group egoism, green, fear and pride. The feelings and emotions of man are quite as capable of socialization as any other element in human nature. The essence of socialization consists in so modifying the feelings of the individual that they harmonize with the welfare of the group. Religion is a valuing attitude toward life and toward the universe. All culture is a matter of value, but religion is the effort of the society to order, and evaluate those values. Religion is the creator and the conservator of the people's social ideals and the Church is the chief propagator. The Church of the future will turn freely to scientific knowledge, to education and to government for means of eliminating errors and correcting evil.

This paper discusses the new economic and social tendencies of the European civilization. Individual freedom and political rights and national sovereignty and independence have been governing the ideals of the modern world. While they have been conquering public opinion and being given conscious political sanctions, a new set of social and economic conditions have been coming into existence. The age of nationalism has been marked by the growing internationalization of social and economic life. At the time of the French Revolution, each European people was distinct in its culture, its customs, its ways of thought, event its costumes. The victory of political liberalism and the acquisition of individual liberties appear to have been accompanied by an increasing loss of individual independence and initiative in the ordinary business of life. This also is the result of economic causes. It has come about that the center of social gravity has shifted from the political to the economic field. People still preserve the old political forms, but it is the economic issues that control their lives. The true feature of the new society, according to professional historian M. Lucien Romier, is not the class struggle but the growth of great economic interests which transcend the boundaries of nation and class.

This study focuses on the particular role played by the ever-married women to affect a varying trend in the marriage and fertility pattern of the Philippines. It is known fact that the alarmingly high rate of growth in the country is entirely due to the balance of births to deaths, for migration as a factor has only a very slight effect, if anything at all, on the population change. As of now, there is a consensus of opinion that this rate will continue and within the span of three decades, more or less the country's population, will double itself. There are those who regard the idea of an expanding population as healthy and desirable one that will ultimately give rise to greater national security and power, but there are others who see only the undesirable consequences of overcrowding. In this paper, the author will try to examine and analyze the two variables, marriage and birth, as they relate to one another. In the study of marriage and fertility trends several factors should be taken into consideration. Variations in their trend may be attributed to religion, differences in wealth and social position, the levelling of income, the influence of social legislation and fiscal policy on changes in the economic structure and on the trade cycle, the importance of general cultural conditions, and the differences in intelligence and education.

The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the features of the history of sociology and to indicate the lines upon which enquiries may be pursued, to see to what extent the development of sociology is itself a historical phenomenon of a unique kind and to locate its origins. The history of sociology may well be perceived to fall into two parts,an early period of mainly speculative activity and a later period of empirical, albeit limited studies. Throughout its history we can detect periods particularly favourable to the development of the subject, but whilst the conflicts of a process of industrialisation in Europe, especially in recent times, may account for much of this development and, whilst these vicissitudes in Europe and elsewhere may have increased the swell of a new intellectual wave, sociology sailed on a tide which began to flow much earlier, and which is to be seen in the currents of eighteenth century philosophical thought, rather than in the plash of nineteenth and twentieth century economic and social turbulence.

This article presents the author's comments on the research paper written by sociologist R. Firth. Sociologists have for generations toyed with comprehensive theories of the relationship between industrialisation and family change. The author use the word "toyed" because in contrast to a wealth of speculation there has been an astonishing absence of hard fact. The author's first comment is therefore that in the history of sociology there has been remarkably little relationship between the development of elaborate theories and the collection of data. Quite why this should have been so is a subject worth study in its own right. There are now a large number of data about close functional relationships between relatives other than the members of the nuclear family. Gerontology has contributed a vast amount of field data on family contacts and relations. It may not be generally known that since 1945 reports of more than forty field studies of old people have been published in Great Britain, many of which give information about the family.

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Two of the objectives of the early phase of this work were to demonstrate the important role of personal and social factors, in addition to cultural ones, in nuclear family life, and to show the wide range of individual personality and family types within a single peasant community. In this paper, the author compares the internal structure, psychodynamics, and personality development in two families. The author will also attempt to relate the psychodynamics of these two families to the broader social, economic, and political trends in the village and nation, in order to show the differential effects of the Mexican Revolution of 1910-20 upon these families. The Rojas family is one of thirty-seven better-to-do landowning families in the upper economic group of the village. Only 4 per cent of the families in the village are in this category. The Martinez is one of the poorer landless families of the lowest economic group which constitutes about 80 per cent of all families. Although the two families are now at different levels on the economic ladder, it is important to remember that at the time they set up independent households they were both poor.

In this article, the author comments on a research paper written by sociologist J.A. Banks and the application of sociologist Talcott Parsons' concepts in his exercises of sociological research. For the author, the point of Parsonian theorising is its empirical application to the real world, Banks's attempt to save Parsons' soul is most exciting. Parsons' view of the world is simple. He postulates dichotomies of value orientations and gives five pairs of alternatives of which with their permutations and combinations yield a list of all relevant possibilities which logically exhaust this level of analysis. Thus Parsons has postulated dichotomies of pattern variables, "either-or dilemmas," and Banks has followed him completely in this. But surely in modem industry there is a range of rôles which have both achievement and descriptive elements in their definition.

This article presents an abstract of the academic paper "Studies in Medical Sociology: I. The Relation of Mental Disorders to the Community Socioeconomic Level" by R. W. Hyde and L. V. Kingsley published in a scholarly periodical. This is an analysis of the rejection rates for major causes of mental rejections in 60,000 selectees at the Boston Armed Forces Induction Station.

This article presents an abstract of the academic paper "Who is Delinquent?," by Esther Cole Franklin published in a scholarly periodical. Questions are made on parental, adult, and community deliquency, including schools in war-time, health and nutrition problems, recreational facilities, control of employment in jobs, and maintenance of family living standards.