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The stochastic actor oriented model (SAOM) is a method for modelling social interactions and social behaviour over time. It can be used to model drivers of dynamic interactions using both exogenous covariates and endogenous network configurations, but also the co-evolution of behaviour and social interactions. In its standard implementations, it assumes that all individual have the same interaction evaluation function. This lack of heterogeneity is one of its limitations. The aim of this paper is to extend the inference framework for the SAOM to include random effects, so that the heterogeneity of individuals can be modelled more accurately. We decompose the linear evaluation function that models the probability of forming or removing a tie from the network, in a homogeneous fixed part and a random, individual-specific part. We extend the algorithm so that the variance of the random parameters can be estimated with method of moments. Our method is applicable for the general random effect formulations. We illustrate the method with a random out-degree model and show the parameter estimation of the random components, significance tests and model evaluation. We apply the method to the Kapferer's Tailor shop study. It is shown that a random out-degree constitutes a serious alternative to including transitivity and higher-order dependency effects. • The paper allows effects to be individual-specific to model heterogeneity accurately. • The method of moments is generalized to estimate random effects in the SAOM. • The model evaluation procedure based on the score-test is also been developed. • We identify interesting random effects in the Kapferer's Tailor-shop dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Power dressing," itself a women's dress reform movement, as it came to be called in the 1970s, used to distinguish typical feminine dress styles and was seen as a necessary strategy for a more subdued image on par with the masculine, serious, and formal professional dress, namely the ubiquitous suit and tie. This new 'career' woman became visible by her appearance and choice of dress codes that reinforced her position as a businesswoman who was seriously committed to her work. But from the perspective of the first decades of the new millennium, power dressing and power and fashion have far wider meanings and ramifications. For Michel Foucault, power is a regulatory principle that is used to control social interactions and to impose structures that inform the ways in which we act and appear. In line with Foucault's analysis, to dress is already to respond to tacit frameworks of power, and because it involves already accepted codes of visualisation and behaviour, to "power dress" is not simply to wield or enact power voluntarily but to succumb to it as well. Further, as this paper will reveal, power dressing can also be understood according to Foucault's "technologies of self", which sees the historical subject as both subject and object of a network of discursive forces that are considered normative as opposed to constructed. Power dressing still exists today but according to a more nuanced and multivalent configuration. It can also be thought of as a particular form of renunciation that facilitates an embodiment of power much as religious asceticism and privation is (purportedly) constitutive of a more authentic self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociology & Space / Sociologija i Prostor is the property of Institut za drustvena istrazivanja u Zagrebu (Institute for Social Research of Zagreb) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mass panics can arise in response to a variety of situations, such as the spread of pathogens, bank failures, or insecurities about economic supplies. Such panics can produce contagious behaviors such as fleeing social contacts, bank withdrawals, and panic buying. In such situations, the processing of external stimuli, mediated by the perceptions and biases of the individual, can reach a threshold point at which panic behaviors are triggered. Due to the human propensity to imitate the behavior of others in uncertain crisis situations, one individual's panic behavior can spread contagiously. This paper looks at the similarities among case studies of mass panic around the world and from these cases synthesizes a conceptual model to aid our understanding. Decision-makers can use this model to strengthen national resilience against panic-generated behaviors and ensure an orderly and successful public response to future biological, financial, or economic crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social relations are embedded in material, cultural, and institutional settings that affect network dynamics and the resulting topologies. For example, romantic entanglements are subject to social and cultural norms, interfirm alliances are constrained by country-specific legislation, and adolescent friendships are conditioned by classroom settings and neighborhood effects. In short, social contexts shape social relations and the networks they give rise to. However, how and when they do so remain to be established. This paper presents network ecology as a general framework for identifying how the proximal environment shapes social networks by focusing interactions and social relations, and how these interactions and relations in turn shape the environment in which social networks form. Tie fitness is introduced as a metric that quantifies how well particular dyadic social relations would align with the setting. Using longitudinal networks collected on two cohorts each in 18 North American schools, i.e., 36 settings, we develop five generalizable observations about the time-varying fitness of adolescent friendship. Across all 252 analyzed networks, tie fitness predicted new tie formation, tie longevity, and tie survival. Dormant fit ties cluster in relational niches, thereby establishing a resource base for social identities competing for increased representation in the relational system. • We present an ecological framework for studying relational dynamics in defined social settings. • Selection pressures operating at different timescales constrain relational activities and shape attainable outcomes. • Tie fitness quantifies a tie's alignment with a setting. Fitness predicts new relation formation, survival, and longevity. • Clusters of fit ties establish relational niches in which social identities can compete for increased representation in the relational system. • Network ecology draws attention to the processes that drive tie selection and the strictness of ecological constraint, the coevolution of relational norms with the proximal environment, and the evolving salience of social identities over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Croatian Journal of Education / Hrvatski Časopis za Odgoj i Obrazovanje is the property of Uciteljski Fakultet u Zagrebu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The continuous improvement and refinement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has facilitated the broader application of human-computer interaction in the field of education management. The construction of an educational management human-computer interaction system based on AI technology can optimize and improve key parameters of educational management human-computer interaction scenarios, thereby creating a more comprehensive mobile learning (m-learning) application system. This paper is based on AI technology, analyzing gesture semantics and speech semantics, and combining fusion algorithms to construct an education management human interaction system. The performance changes of the system were compared with real experimental operations and the NOBOOK platform analysis. The results show that the education management human-computer interaction system constructed in this article can enhance the m-learning experience of participants. It ensures high recognition accuracy, leading to higher scores in all dimensions of indicator evaluation. Therefore, as one of the crucial forms of m-learning, the human-computer interaction system for education management based on AI can establish a foundation for the further enhancement and development of education management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do we make judgements about the quality of online courses? Checklists and rubrics are commonplace in higher education for establishing and measuring design features of online courses. They are created and used by institutions, academics and educational designers to standardise measures for quality online course design. Despite an intensifying spotlight on quality learning and teaching in higher education, no large-scale review of course quality instruments has occurred. This scoping review aimed to ascertain the conceptions of quality being promoted by course quality evaluation instruments and the capability-building resources that underpin these instruments. Seventy-five instruments used to measure quality in online course design in higher education were identified via a systematic search. These instruments were charted and coded. This paper reports on findings that summarise the key attributes of the course quality evaluation instruments, conceptualises a shared definition of course quality and proposes specific core criteria for measuring course quality under the domains of learning design, assessment and evaluation, usability and accessibility, social interaction and technology. The findings indicate that course quality instruments and their support resources have capability-building potential; yet, mostly this potential is not fully realised. We recommend shifting the capability-building potential of these tools from checking compliance to enabling skills development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, and more recently with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, increased att ention has been given to the dynamic between health and urbanism. Features such as city design, the environment, and socioeconomic factors have been studied worldwide. Most studies have focused on a single element of the urban environment, making it difficult to understand the possible influence of related urban features. Furthermore, studies have addressed the issue of urbanism and health on different international, national, urban, and local scales, resulting in multiple inconsistencies. With the enhanced growth of cities, it is argued that the neighbourhood scale is the ideal scale to understand the built environmental-health nexus. More specifically, the paper reviews studies that focus on neighbourhood design and its influence on health, and studies that focus on residents' health-related behaviour. In addition, it maps the key developments in e-health and its expected influence on health services in neighbourhoods. Insights from these reviews are used to offer a preliminary conceptual framework for addressing health in neighbourhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reflects on the impact that the neighborhoods' in-between spaces have on: spatial perception, social interaction, and security. These sites, characterized by their abandonment and deterioration, can also be seen as crucial spaces of opportunity for cities, in the architectural, urban and landscape research. This paper aims to analyze the socio-spatial relationships in the neighborhoods' in-between spaces and examine the impact of in-between space configuration on urban habitability. The investigation draws on a survey of perception to residents about the requirements for a suitable social interaction in these spaces. This study was developed in a neighborhood in the city periphery, characterized by their social dynamics and location in a nature conservation area. The findings indicate that the appropriation process, activities, and collective practices are dependent on the spatial legibility, in this case when this increases, gives rise to improve the habitability and the rehabilitation of the in-between space. Furthermore, the lack of design on in-between spaces substantially affects the use of these spaces and the social interaction among residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social relations are embedded in material, cultural, and institutional settings that affect network dynamics and the resulting topologies. For example, romantic entanglements are subject to social and cultural norms, interfirm alliances are constrained by country-specific legislation, and adolescent friendships are conditioned by classroom settings and neighborhood effects. In short, social contexts shape social relations and the networks they give rise to. However, how and when they do so remain to be established. This paper presents network ecology as a general framework for identifying how the proximal environment shapes social networks by focusing interactions and social relations, and how these interactions and relations in turn shape the environment in which social networks form. Tie fitness is introduced as a metric that quantifies how well particular dyadic social relations would align with the setting. Using longitudinal networks collected on two cohorts each in 18 North American schools, i.e., 36 settings, we develop five generalizable observations about the time-varying fitness of adolescent friendship. Across all 252 analyzed networks, tie fitness predicted new tie formation, tie longevity, and tie survival. Dormant fit ties cluster in relational niches, thereby establishing a resource base for social identities competing for increased representation in the relational system. • We present an ecological framework for studying relational dynamics in defined social settings. • Selection pressures operating at different timescales constrain relational activities and shape attainable outcomes. • Tie fitness quantifies a tie's alignment with a setting. Fitness predicts relation formation, survival, and longevity. • Clusters of fit ties establish relational niches in which social identities can compete for increased representation in the relational system. • Network ecology draws attention to the processes that drive tie selection and the strictness of ecological constraint, the coevolution of relational norms with the proximal environment, and the evolving salience of social identities over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the case of interference, when a unit's treatment also affects other units' outcome. When interference is at work, policy evaluation mostly relies on the use of randomized experiments under cluster interference and binary treatment. Instead, we consider a non-experimental setting under continuous treatment and network interference. In particular, we define spillover effects by specifying the exposure to network treatment as a weighted average of the treatment received by units connected through physical, social or economic interactions. Building on Forastiere et al. (2021), we provide a generalized propensity score-based estimator to estimate both direct and spillover effects of a continuous treatment. Our estimator also allows to consider asymmetric network connections characterized by heterogeneous intensities. To showcase this methodology, we investigate whether and how spillover effects shape the optimal level of policy interventions in agricultural markets. Our results show that, in this context, neglecting interference may underestimate the degree of policy effectiveness. • Policy interventions may spill over across units and generate indirect effects. • Spillover effects are formalized considering agents' exposure to a network. • A weighted directed network is used to consider different degrees of exposure. • The potential outcomes framework is used to quantify direct and spillover effects. • An application to policy effectiveness in agricultural markets is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The media today is full of violence and death, in films, world news, and in comic books. Not many citizens want their countries to go to war, but leaders and politicians spend vast amounts of money to increase the militarization of their country. The argument being to "prevent war". The separation of women and children from the men in their families. Deaths and destruction. How can we understand "the reality surrounding us, the way we interact with it, and transform it." This paper will discuss the relationship between women and war, based on various utopian and dystopian fictions, from Ruskin to today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual humans have become a hot research topic in recent years due to the development of AI technology and computer graphics. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the interaction design of 3D virtual humans. We first categorize the interac- tion design of virtual humans into speech, eye, facial expressions, and posture interactions. Then we describe the combination of different modalities of virtual humans in the multimodal interaction design section. We also summarize the applications of intelli- gent virtual humans in the fields of education, healthcare, and work assistance. The final part of the paper discusses the remaining challenges and opportunities in virtual human interaction design, along with future directions in this field. This paper hopes to help researchers quickly understand the characteristics of various modal interactions in the process of designing intelligent virtual humans and provide design guidance and suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning is often a component, and sometimes an explicit goal, of sustainability transition projects. Despite a growing interest in designing, facilitating, and evaluating such exploratory initiatives with respect to their systemic, less work has focused on how such initiatives support learning and capacity-building among its partaking actors and institutions including building experimental governance capacity. In this paper, we aim to better understand how exploratory and experimental initiatives with transformative sustainability ambitions relate to and influence their partaking actors and institutions. We draw from the North Mid Sweden Challenge Lab, an initiative to adapt, test and learn a governance approach to navigate complex sustainability challenges and transformations. It was part of a high impact action within a pilot for regional industrial transition framed around experiments in governance and policy by the European Commission and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, where peer-learnings by and between regions was stated as an explicit goal. We focus on the kind of learning and knowledge creation processes that occur in these open-ended and multi-levelled social interaction processes. In this paper, we empirically engage with such learning processes with a focus on governance capacity, based on direct experiences from its participating actors and related institutions. This study builds on and extends conceptual understandings of scaling, embedding and other types of strategies and diffusion mechanisms in sustainability transformations and transitions with a focus on learning. We conclude that conducting exploratory initiatives seems to have functioned in legitimizing open-ended, cross-sectoral purposeful activities of deliberation, learning and search. However, sending out and leading explorations is not the same as preparing for and working with procedures to scale, transfer, embed and institutionalise learnings and results to alter mainstream ways of governing for complex challenges and systemic change – all key elements in developing experimental governance capacity in response to sustainability challenges. • Facilitating learning at – and between- different actor scales has potential to accelerate transitions and support docking with existing institutions. • Conducting exploratory initiatives seems to have functioned in legitimizing open-ended, cross-sectoral purposeful activities of deliberation, learning and search. • Preparation and procedures are required to scale, transfer, embed and institutionalise learnings and results to alter mainstream ways of governing for complex challenges and systemic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literary Futures is an approach to futures work that draws on foundational works of world literature and literary analysis to engage creatively in futures thinking. This paper details the Literary Futures method, from its conceptual development to its practical application in a series of workshops. Through an analysis of the experiences of over 130 Literary Futures workshop participants, we highlight the ways in which narrative and works of fiction can offer a generative and participatory approach to futures thinking that emphasises and enables agency, while also embracing felt engagement. The paper illustrates how character development and collaborative worldbuilding make the Literary Futures method a valuable decision-making tool for contributing to futures work across a range of policy and planning contexts. These features furthermore allow the Literary Futures method to enhance the wider futures thinking field, promoting a focus on social futures, complex human interactions, and relational and affective encounters. • Literary futures is an example of the key role that fiction can play in imagining and acting upon social futures. • The model translates literary techniques and reader engagement into actionable future workshops. • Character development and collaborative worldbuilding encourage exploration of imagined futures from multiple perspectives. • The workshops offer a generative and participatory approach to futures, emphasizing agency and felt engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on Human–Object Interaction (HOI) detection, addressing the challenge of identifying and understanding the interactions between humans and objects within a given image or video frame. Spearheaded by Detection Transformer (DETR), recent developments lead to significant improvements by replacing traditional region proposals by a set of learnable queries. However, despite the powerful representation capabilities provided by Transformers, existing Human–Object Interaction (HOI) detection methods still yield low confidence levels when dealing with complex interactions and are prone to overlooking interactive actions. To address these issues, we propose a novel approach UAHOI , Uncertainty-aware Robust Human–Object Interaction Learning that explicitly estimates prediction uncertainty during the training process to refine both detection and interaction predictions. Our model not only predicts the HOI triplets but also quantifies the uncertainty of these predictions. Specifically, we model this uncertainty through the variance of predictions and incorporate it into the optimization objective, allowing the model to adaptively adjust its confidence threshold based on prediction variance. This integration helps in mitigating the adverse effects of incorrect or ambiguous predictions that are common in traditional methods without any hand-designed components, serving as an automatic confidence threshold. Our method is flexible to existing HOI detection methods and demonstrates improved accuracy. We evaluate UAHOI on two standard benchmarks in the field: V-COCO and HICO-DET, which represent challenging scenarios for HOI detection. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that UAHOI achieves significant improvements over existing state-of-the-art methods, enhancing both the accuracy and robustness of HOI detection. • We introduce an uncertainty-aware framework in HOI Detection. • We refine both detection and interaction predictions through prediction variance. • The proposed method outperforms existing approaches, enhancing both accuracy and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a socially-engaged arts approach to exploring the variety and specificity of cultural benefits urban park-users associated with its treescape during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on the cultural ecosystem services framework, cultural benefits are understood in terms of positive impacts to 'experiences' (our relational interactions with the environment), 'capabilities' (our knowledge and abilities in relation to environmental interaction) and 'identities' (our perceptions of our relationship with the environment). The research captured evidence of a broad range of people's interactions with the human and non-human world, whilst opening up an inclusive space for respondents to reflect on and share feelings about the significance of these experiences. The methods employed attracted a range of 'quieter voices' to participate, particularly more vulnerable park-users. They also attended to the multiple levels at which people connected with treescapes during this time, from less conscious material engagements to more emotionally and culturally driven transactions. This case study research highlights the important role of the park's treescape in supporting people to feel better during the COVID-19 crisis and their cultural associations and ties to it. However, it also explores feelings of concern for and perceived lack of influence over this valued resource as potentially disbenefiting wellbeing. It identifies experiences of environmental anxiety, emerging from a lack of certainty over and agency within urban green spaces and treescapes and the benefits they can provide. It concludes that management of treescapes and greenspaces should be sensitive to impacts on environmental emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Creative activities in the digital era are influenced by technology and digitalization. • Using time-geography, this paper analyses the spatio-temporal aspects of creativity in technologically mediated work. • The findings reveal how certain spatio-temporal practices, termed creative pockets, enhance creativity, while others hinder it. • The paper calls for more geographical studies on everyday creativity of individuals. Creativity is a process where interactions among individuals, resources, and peers bring about novel outcomes. Such processes have fundamentally changed in the digital era as creative activities are increasingly conducted along technologically mediated practices in spatio-temporally multifaceted contexts. This paper investigates the impact of such transformations on creativity by examining the spatial, temporal, and socio-material elements of creative processes. Drawing upon the literature on creativity and economic geography, and utilising Hägerstrand's time-geography framework, this paper presents a geographical approach to studying the creative processes on an individual level. Specifically, the concepts of projects and pockets of local order are employed to investigate spatio-temporal practices, routines, social interactions, and techno-material relationships during creative work. The empirical material involves nine Finland-based computer scientists. Mixed methods, including interviews, research diaries, and space-time maps, are used to document their everyday creative work. The results show three essential pockets where creative work is best advanced: pockets of flow, pockets of insight, and pockets of creative bundles. The findings further reveal how such pockets are disrupted and prevented in the everyday work of our participants due to spatio-temporal fragmentation, accelerating work-pace and ensuing feelings of time-pressure and digital congestion. The implications of the study extend to creativity management, the future of work in knowledge-intensive and creative professions, and the use of geographical methods in empirical process studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A radar configuration framework is proposed to alleviate dynamic interference. • A low-cost method is proposed to enhance the diversity of radar-based gesture data. • An attention-based model is trained for proper feature representation. • Extensive experiments are conducted on a self-collected dataset. People have high demands for comfort and technology in indoor environments. Gestures, as a natural and friendly human computer interaction (HCI) method, have received widespread attention and have been the subject of many research studies. Traditional approaches are based on wearable devices and cameras, which can be cumbersome to operate and infringe upon users' privacy. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar avoids these problems by detecting gestures in a noninvasive manner. However, it encounters practical challenges in complex indoor environments, such as dynamic disturbance from surroundings, variable usage conditions and diverse gesture patterns, which conventionally require considerable manual effort to address. In this paper, we attempt to minimize human supervision and propose a noninvasive gesture recognition method named RaGe that involves a commercial mmWave indoor radar. First, a parameter optimization framework considering gesture prior constraints is proposed for radar configuration, which functions to weaken the disturbance from surroundings. Second, we alleviate data shortages in variable usage conditions and achieve low-cost data augmentation by applying affine transformations. Third, we combine deformable convolution operations with an unsupervised attention mechanism, thus exploring the intrinsic features involved in diverse gesture patterns. Experimental results show that RaGe is able to recognize 7 gestures with 99.3% accuracy and less human supervision, surpassing the state-of-the-art methods in comparative experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations are increasingly leveraging the ability of artificial intelligence to analyze and resolve complex problems. This can potentially reshape the interdependencies and interactions of complex systems, leading to our research question: To what extent and in which direction is the literature on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and System Dynamics (SD) converging within the business and management landscape? We conducted an extensive literature review using bibliometric and topic modeling methods to address this question. Through a bibliometric analysis, we identified the areas in which academic papers referred to both SD and AI literature. However, bibliometrics do not show a clear path towards convergence. The top modeling analysis highlights more details on how convergence is structured, providing insights into how SD and AI may be integrated. Two trajectories are identified. In the "soft convergence," AI supports system dynamics analysis and modeling more deeply characterized by social interaction. In the "hard convergence," AI shapes innovative ways of rethinking system design, dynamics, and interdependencies. Our analysis suggests that while soft convergence is more visible in the business and management landscape, hard convergence may well represent a new frontier in studying system dynamics with the potential to reshape the landscape. • System Dynamics (SD) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) landscape is analyzed. • State of the art analysis of SD and AI literature reviewed through bibliometrics. • Future developments are identified through Topic Modeling analysis. • Main areas of "soft" and "hard" convergence are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current coronavirus pandemic has produced severe consequences on economic and health systems all over the world, with the governments being challenged in searching for containment solutions balancing virus diffusion and limitations to social and work activities. In this paper, we propose a framework for the real-time optimization of restrictions in epidemics, based on the use of a time-varying SIRD model. Despite their simplicity, this class of models is able to capture the essential features of the epidemic spread, with the inherent parameter variation allowing accurate adaptation to real data. An optimization problem is formulated, properly balancing health and economic costs, and is solved parametrically by following a receding-horizon approach, resulting in an optimal sequence of social contact restrictions, which are assumed to be actuated via governmental containment measures. Numerical simulations based on the real data of the Italian COVID-19 emergency highlight the potential of the proposed approach and can be possibly helpful for the decision makers in present and future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remediation of rural human settlements is receiving increasing attention in contemporary China. Evaluating the resilience of rural human settlements and formulating site-specific remediation strategies are crucial for realizing China's rural revitalization goals. Based on the social-ecological system (SES) theory, this study establishes a theoretical framework for understanding the resilience of rural human settlements. Building upon this framework, an index system for assessing the resilience is constructed across three dimensions: the resource subsystem, the actor subsystem, and the governance subsystem. The study then analyzes the resilience level of rural human settlements and the interactions among these subsystems, using Chongqing Municipality as an example. The main study conclusions are as follows. First, the resilience index of rural human settlements in Chongqing exhibits spatial heterogeneity and imbalances among subsystems. Specifically, the average resilience index of the resource subsystem is lower than that of other subsystems and there is noticeable spatial heterogeneity in resilience indices among different counties. Second, resilience in rural human settlements is a complex outcome resulting from interactions among multiple subsystems within the SES. These subsystems interact through a two-factor enhancement and non-linear enhancement relationship. Third, the main barriers to the resilience in rural human settlements in Chongqing are related to the resource subsystem, particularly per capita wetland resources, followed by challenges within the governance and actor subsystem, such as rural population density. Fourth, the SES theory can better guide the resilience evaluation of rural human settlements. To improve that resilience, we recommend adopting a systemism perspective, treating rural human settlements as SES entities, and paying attention to the important role of rural inhabitants as the main body of environmental governance. Additionally, tailored environmental governance measures should be developed based on the resilience characteristics and interactions between the subsystems. The research results expand the application field of SES theory and provide novel insights and valuable theoretical guidance for studying the resilience of rural human settlements. ● Rural human settlements (RHS) are a typical social-ecological system (SES). ● The SES framework provides an important theoretical perspective for understanding and evaluating RHS resilience. ● The dimensions of actor and governance systems have an important impact on the resilience of RHS. ● This paper provides new empirical evidence from China to expand upon the conclusions of previous theoretical analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]