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Extended reality (XR) enables both new opportunities but also introduces new barriers for inclusion in society. Furthermore, XR is less researched than web, desktop and mobile applications. This position paper presents the concept of an XR platform for inclusion, with the purpose to make people on the autism spectrum and with other disabilities, more independent of help from others in everyday life situations. Based on previous research, our position is that, through current and future XR technologies combined with civic and artificial intelligence, it is possible to create individually personalised support for this purpose, grounded in practice to ensure validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We present a mixed reality interactive storytelling system. [•] Users can freely interact by sketching objects on a sheet of paper. [•] We validate the proposed system with a user study conducted with 21 participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landscape design has a long history, from ancient royal gardens to modern urban parks, and its design concepts and techniques are constantly evolving. Nowadays, with the improvement of people's environmental requirements, landscape design is also constantly innovating. Although the landscape has made great progress, in actual operation, there are problems such as communication barriers with customers, difficulty in design implementation, and inability to preview the design effect in real time. Computer augmented reality technology has begun to play an important role in landscape design. Augmented Reality (AR) overlays the virtual 3D model into the real scene, previews the effect of design implementation in real time, carries out data analysis and optimization, and improves the design better to meet the needs of the public. In order to scientifically evaluate the effect of computer augmented reality technology in landscape design, this paper sets two main indicators: efficiency and quality. Efficiency is primarily concerned with the speed difference compared to traditional design methods. By means of comparative experiments, the time required to use augmented reality technology is calculated. Quality is mainly based on user feedback and expert review. Through users' actual experience of landscape design under augmented reality technology, their feedback is collected, and combined with professional review, the performance of augmented reality technology in design quality is comprehensively evaluated. This paper investigates the evaluation results of people in four landscapes (green plants, pavilions, ancient buildings, fountains). The survey results show that the fountain design quality is 80 points, the efficiency score is consistent with the pavilion, the feasibility score exceeds 80 points (82), and the user satisfaction is 5 points higher than the pavilion design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crime scene investigation training and education has to address specific problem solving and psychomotor skills. • AR technology could improve current training and education approaches when used as a supplementary tool. • Potential challenges and considerations are highlighted that are to be explored before implementing AR technology. The role of the crime scene investigator is complex, and investigators need to be able to conduct multiple frequently performed tasks. Appropriate training and education are critical to impart the crime scene investigator with the necessary capabilities. For a range of reasons, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for multi-disciplinary capabilities, training and education requirements have evolved in recent times to be more flexible and accessible. The skills of a crime scene investigator can be broadly categorised into two types of fundamental skills: decision-making and psychomotor skills. Both these skills need to be taught and assessed within training and education programs. The most common approach to impart these skills is by incorporating a crime scene simulation facility; however, not everyone has access to these facilities. Furthermore, crime scene staff often undertake refresher courses and are required to complete proficiency assessments. Conducting these activities in a dedicated crime scene simulation facility is time consuming and costly. Virtual tools have been developed in recent years to address this, but these tools only assess decision-making skills and not psychomotor skills. This paper argues that the implementation of augmented reality (AR) technology should be considered in crime scene investigator training and university education, because it can provide significant advantages when paired with conventional methods of training and education. When appropriately managed, AR can provide an avenue of training where both decision-making and psychomotor skills can be addressed simultaneously, while providing a more flexible and accessible approach. The implementation of AR has the potential to significantly improve the standards of teaching, resulting in better equipped crime scene investigators. The paper will explore how AR has the potential to improve accessibility of training, increase safety, enhance the student experience, enhance collaboration and feedback through connectivity and potentially reduce cost. This paper will also provide an insight into what would need to be considered before implementing AR technology into crime scene investigation training and education alongside current approaches. It is argued that the inclusion of AR into the current training and education arsenal provides significant benefits that are worthy of exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current era of Industry 4.0, many new technologies offer manufacturing industries to achieve high productivity. Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the emerging technologies that has been adopted in industries to aid users in acquiring complex skills and carrying out many complicated tasks such product assembly and maintenance. Nevertheless, most AR applications have been developed without clear understanding of how such technology can facilitate improved learnability in terms of knowledge reusability. This paper proposed an enhanced AR-based training system that provides multimodal information with a contextualized information to improve task comprehension and knowledge reusability compared with traditional AR that presents unimodal and decontextualized information. An empirical test was carried out to assess the task performance and the task learnability aspects of this enhanced AR compared to the traditional AR and the paper-based document. The experiment consisted of a training phase where participants carried out an electrical connection task of a sensor followed by a knowledge reuse phase where participants had to wire a second sensor using their previous training. A pre-test quiz was given before the experiment followed by the post-tests phase after the training. Post-tests consist of one post-test given directly after the experiment (short-term retention test) and a second post-test quiz given one week later (long-term retention test) to measure information retention. The results indicated that AR-based approaches could enhance knowledge acquisition by around 18 % for traditional AR and almost 25 % for enhanced AR as compared to paper-based approach. While all training systems achieved relatively equivalent well for short-term retention test, trainees who used the enhanced AR training systems statistically outperformed those in the paper-based group for long term retention test. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the score of short-term retention test and the score in the knowledge reusability which was also shown by the higher scores in knowledge reusability for the enhanced AR training system compared to the other two approaches. These findings are discussed in relation to the Industry 5.0′s human centric core value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a support tool designed for instructors in technical education within engineering programs, focusing specifically on power electronics and laboratory procedures related to the three-phase half-wave rectifier. The Augmented Reality (AR) application was developed for Android devices using Unity+Vuforia, employing a gamification-based approach. The application allows students to evaluate their knowledge and skills in real-time and offers an interactive learning environment. It provides learning diagnostics and sends each student's evaluation to a database stored on Google-Forms that is accessible by the instructor or assessor in question. It's important to note that this APP is freely accessible through the Android APP store. The learning strategy is around a game that tests players on their knowledge of measuring devices and theoretical concepts. Additionally, there is a puzzle task that encourages learners to correctly arrange the waveforms in a rectifier. Students can also connect the half-wave rectifier's essential connections and the transformer's delta-star connections through touch interaction. A comparison study between traditional teaching methods and the innovative AR-based approach has been conducted. This educational proposal itself is an innovative solution that will be especially helpful for laboratories lacking useful equipment in Mexican colleges. To test the effect of AR application on student success, an experimental study was conducted on two groups of students (a control group [non-using AR] and a test group [using AR]). To determine significant difference in acquired learning, an ANOVA statistical analysis was conducted using independent sample tests. According to tests result, there is a significant difference in the acquired knowledge for those who used the designed tool. The probability value (p = 1e-5 <0.05) for the use of AR is found. They increase their initial average grade from 27.08% to 72.3%, in contrast to the control group with no significant increasing learning, reporting an initial average grade of 28.75–43.33%. These results show that the use of AR in electronic practice makes a significant difference in student success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have significantly progressed in recent years, revolutionizing a diverse set of industries, mainly the industrial metaverse in cultural heritage and the cultural and creative sectors. In the context of social manufacturing, there's a pronounced need for platforms that foster collaboration. This paper introduces a collaborative AR/VR platform for social manufacturing, emphasizing the need for a co-creation environment. This platform supports real-time customized fabrication of 3D objects through rapid manufacturing within an AR/VR-based collaborative framework, further enhancing shared awareness in social manufacturing endeavors. The platform provides a robust toolkit for AR/VR applications that enables real-time interaction with virtual entities and seamless integration with the backend databases of online marketplaces. Designed to be universally adaptable, the toolkit is indifferent to the type of database it interacts with, and can function on a wide range of platforms including Web VR, Mobile AR, and HoloLens AR. A use case involving a reference chair model demonstrates the toolkit's capabilities, highlighting its potential to transform experiences within AR/VR landscapes. By offering a seamless fusion of digital content within physical environments, this AR/VR toolkit signifies a considerable advancement towards the intersection of digital and physical realities, paving the way of immersive experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality has become a bridge from the virtual to the real world. This technology has been an implementable choice for fashion companies to provide more information and customization for their user's shopping experience. From the COVID-19 pandemic alongside technological globalization, fashion industries have to find a new way for customers to purchase products. All things considered, AR helped fashion industries keep customers attracted and satisfied. This paper is conducted in a Systematic Literature Review manner to review and compare the AR technologies used by fashion industries. Furthermore, the result would be a proposition of which Augmented Reality technology or platform option is feasible and implementable for the fashion industry. After comparing the technologies used in past papers and their technical and economic feasibility, we propose a 3-term plan. The short-term plan with zero cost and mobile platform-focused application, the medium-term plan with an upgraded version of the garment object from 2D images to 3D objects, and the long-term plan changing the platform used from mobile to a new device. We also conclude that artificial intelligence can also support and improve the augmented reality experience for customers in the fashion retail industry by implementing an AI-powered virtual assistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the recent development of augmented reality (AR) head-tracking techniques. AR is an emerging technology that provides users with digital augmentation layered on the real-life environment. AR systems use tracking to maintain the point of reference and enable the device to follow the user's movements and position within the physical world. Head-tracking is a crucial component of AR that inputs and interprets the movement of the device and the user's physical location in real-time. The main challenge in head-tracking is the appearance change that results from head rotation, which necessitates high accuracy and long-range tracking in a noisy environment. Latency and errors in head-tracking can reduce the system's overall effectiveness and cause jarring or unsettling effects for the user. This paper's contribution is to shed light on the best methods for tracking and registering in augmented reality, which will guide future advancements in the field. The review covers recent work proposed to improve head-tracking performance and reduce latency, highlighting the challenges and future directions of head-tracking techniques in AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wooden-house assembly is an area where still a big part of the work is done manually. In this case study, pairs of operators compose large wooden pieces together based on paper-print instructions complemented by visual guidance in the shape of laser marks projected from lasers mounted in the ceiling, based on Computer-aided design (CAD) data. Augmented Reality (AR) head-mounted displays (HMD) offer a unique platform for providing instructions and additional information superimposed in the work environment and thus can provide guidance in a cognitively ergonomic way. A particular advantage compared to other computing platforms is that the operators have free hands and can perform the manual work and follow guidance simultaneously. We present an evaluation of a prototype that dynamically transforms a CAD data file with design and measurements of wooden trusses to be manufactured, into an AR-based guidance system developed in Unity for Microsoft HoloLens 2 devices. We used an iterative participatory design process for prototyping and think-aloud protocol combined with observations for evaluation, involving professional assemblers in different stages of the process. Participants found the solution to potentially save time in their everyday work and simplify the task by offering increased visibility of the marks compared to the existing laser projection. Large-scale deployment of the system is still facing design challenges of which some are also discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid advancement of technology in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) led to the widespread use of cutting-edge technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). However, with Industry 5.0 (I5.0), comes a paradigm shift that emphasizes the importance of human well-being to establish a stronger sense of connection and purpose for employees. In this endeavour, gamification has emerged as a powerful tool, showing great potential in engaging, motivating, and empowering employees. This research paper aims to investigate the potential of gamification within the workplace and addresses three main research questions. Firstly, the study explores the prevalent equipment or devices used by organizations that implement gamification, and the relationship with the success of gamification strategies. Secondly, it examines how employees' age influences their perceptions of gamification's potential and their willingness to embrace its implementation. Lastly, this research investigates the relationship between employee satisfaction - with the implemented gamification strategy - and their participation in the design process. The study adopts a survey-based methodology, gathering data from 23 participants through a convenient sampling approach. Quantitative data analysis is conducted using Microsoft Excel , while qualitative data analysis is performed using NVivo. The findings explore the interrelationships between gamification, technology usage, age, employee satisfaction, and participation in the design process, highlighting the prevalence of computers, tablets, and mobile devices as the primary tools in gamification experiences. Moreover, the study emphasizes how employees' age influences their perceptions of gamification and reveals a positive relationship between employee satisfaction and participation in the design process. These findings underscore the potential of gamification in enhancing collaboration, learning, and employee well-being, and ultimately driving organizational success in the I5.0 era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the manufacturing industry has witnessed the utilization of Augmented Reality (AR) technologies in their daily operations. This paper takes a deep dive into the applications of AR in the manufacturing industry, specifically focusing on quality inspection, assembly, and remote assistance. This research offers valuable insights into the technical architectures using custom and commercial software, as well as the Proof of Concept (PoC) applications for Hand-Held Device (HHD) and Head-Mounted Device (HMD). The custom application for an HHD combines the state-of-the-art You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection algorithm to enable AR for quality inspection. We used commercial software from Pocket virtuality® to develop assembly and remote assistance applications for an HMD. An applied research approach was adopted, incorporating the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data to assess the various application scenarios. Among the key findings, it is evident that the functionality of the custom-developed app for quality inspection is contingent upon the operating system, software libraries available on the HHD, and the chosen version of the YOLO detection model. Furthermore, through quantitative and qualitative analysis, it becomes apparent that the software and hardware components of the HMD require significant improvements. These findings offer a high potential for improvement and emphasize the need for further research in the field. Moreover, this research emphasizes the fact that AR has the potential to make a huge impact on the manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented and virtual reality technologies are actively making their way into the field of healthcare, revolutionizing traditional approaches to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. This article discusses how these concepts are combined and their profound impact on the emergence of the Metahospital. The authors provide an overview of this concept, highlighting its dual role in aiding healthcare professionals and empowering patients. Central to this paradigm shift is technology's potential to enhance specialized training and elevate the precision and efficiency of diagnostics, all while prioritizing patient safety. This model's core features are expounded upon, with a keen emphasis on ethical considerations and safeguarding personal data, a critical aspect explored within the paper. Furthermore, the article elaborates on the creation of a surgical simulator tailored for procedures like angioplasty and coronary artery stenting, showcasing the tangible advancements within the realm of medical technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing complexity of the logistics chain, the need to take on an ever longer and distributed logistic chain, which in some cases even reaches the final stages of the production of the same goods, highlights the problem of managing the post-production phases of products and goods, but also of the personnel who work on these activities, charged to the companies that deal with logistics. We present in this paper the Integrated Logistic Platform (ILP 4.0), a software architectural model, whose purpose is to lead warehouse logistics to new levels of efficiency, not reachable as the sum of the operational functions within a single logistic company, but reachable only through a unique and cross-functional system, which surpasses the usual fragmented vision and consequent approaches, in favor a strategic coordination of all activities. In this paper it is described the general architecture of the realized platform, with its research contributions and innovations, in particular related to some typical problems of warehouse environments, solved with the help of machine learning and computer vision approaches, but also with the integration of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) devices. The aim of the integration of these technologies in the project is the definition of a "smart" warehouse model environment, capable of mitigate problems of warehouse logistics such as: automation of the inventory process (through an UAV), control of warehouse movements, and management of logical / physical security of the premises. Based on the experiences made on the project, and focusing the attention on the safety and security aspects in logistics, that the platform covers, we discuss further a possible federated learning approach in order to mitigate the lack of data in order to solve some security and safety problems in the logistic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is challenging to evacuate people quickly and safely in large complex buildings in emergencies. With the rapid development of smart mobile devices, the research of augmented reality (AR) technology in emergency evacuation is gradually becoming a hot topic. Meanwhile, virtual agents have been widely used in numerous fields and have been proved to be helpful for guidance. Therefore, this study proposes an indoor evacuation guidance system with an AR virtual agent. The system uses smartphones as mobile terminals to deliver optimal exit path directions for users in real-time. An AR virtual agent is used to guide users to evacuate quickly and safely in complex building environments. In this paper, we take a museum as an example and use the permanent features in the museum as markers for the AR application to activate the virtual agent, which plays the role of a guide to help users evacuate the building. This paper describes the design and implementation of the system, and conducts a user study at a local museum to evaluate the system's usability. The results show that the system can effectively provide guidance and help users to evacuate indoors in the emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have proposed an active text system (A-txt), which is a next-generation electronic teaching material that can make general books digitally more extensible with a general-purpose mobile terminal using augmented reality (AR). A-txt content is created by software called Contents Maker (C-mkr). This paper discusses the development of C-mkr for mobile terminals and this development can realize new learning methods using it by students. A-txt is our original system that can easily add and show digital contents by using figures and sentences written on papers as augmented reality (AR) markers. Since Unity is used for the development of A-txt, users can use it regardless of the OS type of the mobile terminal. C-mkr used to need PCs exclusively so far, but now that we have developed an application for mobile terminals, it is possible to create contents on smartphones and tablet computers owned by every user. Along with that, A-txt itself has undergone various improvements. In fact, the A-txt system cannot be used by anyone at present because it is operated by an intra server, but we considered how to solve the problem by reconstructing the server using cloud type. With the above development, users can easily create and upload content anytime and anywhere. We are planning to use this system for students to make textbooks into reference books by themselves. This method is named "Self-decoration (Sel-Deco)", and its effectiveness will be verified in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitization and optimization of processes in the industry 4.0, especially in the context of assembly, is becoming more and more important. To improve the link between digital information and production technology is an essential step in the digitization effort, specifically for assembly. In this context, the connection of the real and virtual world is relevant for the system to be able to react to changes in the real world and vice versa. This paper presents and discusses three sequentially developed concepts for an assembly workstation. First, we developed a pick-by-light concept with paper guidance, and then we digitized the paper guidance and displayed it using an overhead projection on the work surface. Based on these concepts, we developed a tangible interface that allows the user to interact with the virtual system using physical objects. Applying an iterative development process, we were able to continuously improve our concepts. The three concepts were each evaluated individually and compared with each other. The results provide an insight into the improvement of the efficiency in processing times, picking times and picking errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the large-scale digitalization and automation of production lines, human operators still play a vital role in the shopfloor. Operators provide flexibility and agile responsiveness with their actions, as well as capability to react autonomously based on their technical knowledge and experience. Bridging the gap between modern digital systems of information creation and management and humans in the shopfloor is a current challenge for both the academia and the technology integrators. One emerging way for delivering instructions to the operators is Augmented Reality (AR). AR allows the visualization of the instructions in the operator's field of view, using digital designs, animations and text instructions. As this technology gains increasingly more ground in the shopfloor, there is a need for agile generation of content, automatizing most of the instructions' generation process. Towards that end, this paper presents an authoring tool for generating digital instructions for manual operations. The authoring tool allows the identification of the (dis-)assembly sequence of a product and also to include intermediate manual operations, such as surface treatment, and visualizations. In order to determine which assembly tasks and instructions are the most commonly needed, contextual inquiries were conducted in collaboration with the industry. These findings, together with the existing literature on manual processes on the shopfloor, served as a starting point for a taxonomy of assembly task types that are also presented in this paper. The taxonomy serves as a guide to define the processes on which digital instructions and visualizations can be provided. The result can be delivered as digital on-screen instructions or as an augmented reality application that may target mobile devices and headsets. The proposed approach is validated in an industrial use case of a compressor assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the development of a markerless augmented reality (AR) application for Indonesian traditional house education. The application aims to provide an immersive and interactive way of visualizing traditional houses from various regions of Indonesia, with the potential to raise public awareness about the importance of preserving traditional culture. The prototyping method was employed as the most appropriate approach to software development, and the ARFoundation platform was used to integrate plane detection into the AR application. The results showed that 80% of tested devices were compatible with ARCore, and the AR plane detection could detect up to 250cm from the device position. In addition, a feedback survey conducted on 17 testers showed that the application design and mechanism brought a good experience to users, with 53% stating that the app is easy to use. This research project contributes to the development of technology-based solutions to promote Indonesian culture and preserve traditional houses, especially for younger generations who may be less familiar with traditional culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physics learning is often challenging for students due to its abstract and complex concepts. This research is made to overcome the problem of lack of understanding related to physics learning due to abstract concepts. This research aims to develop and evaluate an Augmented Reality (AR) application that focuses on learning Newton's Law by interacting with 3D objects like balls, cars, and rockets. AR-based technology has been recommended for use in education due to its excellent potential in helping to improve the understanding of the concept of a material to be better. Therefore, this research will develop and evaluate the use of augmented reality in physics learning related to newton's law. This paper uses the ADDIE model method as the basis for developing Augmented Reality applications by involving the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study results show that the developed AR application can help students understand the concept of Newton's Law and increase interest in learning. Student feedback obtained through questionnaires indicated that they rated this application positively regarding ease of use, engagement, and effectiveness in supporting the learning process. The AR application developed in this study improves the quality and effectiveness of physics learning through innovative and interactive technology. Further research could focus on developing additional content and features and exploring the impact of this application on a broader group of students and in different areas of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality is a technology that overlays computer-generated information and images in a natural environment to enhance or augment the contextual perception of the user's environment. The utilization of AR is currently one of the most important in developing several industrial sectors, such as architecture, engineering, and construction development. Nowadays, the property sector industry has always been an issue of sale for users that do not have direct access to the property. The pandemic and the economic problem in different countries have also reduced consumer interest in purchasing houses. Due to these issues, this paper aims to provide a platform for addressing these pain areas. The software can apply Augmented Reality to real estate in real-time using a mobile device. Not only can they see the outside of the property, but they can also see the interior design, furniture design, and property mapping in 3D. Our test results show that an application is needed to provide the property sector with high demands. Over 80% of our respondents confirm that our application's presence will help ease the sales problem. Because it can save the customer time, viewing property frequency, and cost saving. These increased demands, we are developing an AR-based application for the market to use and gain more traction in the property sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical demands of military service place soldiers at risk of musculoskeletal injuries and are major concerns for military capability. This paper outlines the development new training technologies to prevent and manage these injuries. Narrative review. Technologies suitable for integration into next-generation training devices were examined. We considered the capability of technologies to target tissue level mechanics, provide appropriate real-time feedback, and their useability in-the-field. Musculoskeletal tissues' health depends on their functional mechanical environment experienced in military activities, training and rehabilitation. These environments result from the interactions between tissue motion, loading, biology, and morphology. Maintaining health of and/or repairing joint tissues requires targeting the "ideal" in vivo tissue mechanics (i.e., loading and strain), which may be enabled by real-time biofeedback. Recent research has shown that these biofeedback technologies are possible by integrating a patient's personalised digital twin and wireless wearable devices. Personalised digital twins are personalised neuromusculoskeletal rigid body and finite element models that work in real-time by code optimisation and artificial intelligence. Model personalisation is crucial in obtaining physically and physiologically valid predictions. Recent work has shown that laboratory-quality biomechanical measurements and modelling can be performed outside the laboratory with a small number of wearable sensors or computer vision methods. The next stage is to combine these technologies into well-designed easy to use products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injury at living spaces accounts for over 70% of injuries among children under the age of 5 years and its prevention is essentially important in terms of children's health. This paper proposes an effective method of integrating knowledge graphs along with object recognition to determine the dangerous situations for infants and provide preventive measures to avoid such situations. This also leads to the proposal of a new system called "Empowering Reality (ER)" that enables a lecturer to educate parents on preventing childhood unintentional injuries at home while communicating with the parents using Augmented Reality (AR) technology. The proposed ER system consists of knowledge graphs for explaining dangerous situations, an online video capturing part, and a situation recognition part. This paper describes major advantages of knowledge graphs that takes into consideration of not only relation between objects and injuries but also dangerous layouts with the help of "inclusion" and "collocation" features. The feasibility and effectiveness of the system was evaluated through tests among 11 parents. The system allows the lecturer to conduct in-situ suggestion on specific preventive measures adapted to the home environment via online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connecting machines and systems is becoming increasingly important, especially in technology-based companies. The use of Augmented Reality (AR) based systems can bring significant advantages, such as improved quality or increased productivity. However, the implementation barriers often seem to outweigh the benefits for many companies. This is particularly true for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which leads to important questions: To what extent can AR applications be efficiently implemented using standard Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) software? Is it possible for SMEs without specialized knowledge to implement AR applications with appropriate effort by utilizing an IIoT software? How would a software and hardware architecture for this look like? This paper presents an approach - based on commercially available standard software – to outline the necessary framework and demonstrating the benefits of this technology through practical use cases. The results show that useful applications can be implemented quickly and require comparatively little expertise when using the right toolchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) applications have great potential to assist maintenance workers in their operations. However, creating AR solutions is time-consuming and laborious, which limits its widespread adoption in the industry. It therefore often happens that even with the latest generation machines, instead of an AR solution, the user only receives an electronic manual for the equipment operation and maintenance. This is commonplace with legacy machines. For this reason, solutions are required that simplify the creation of such AR solutions. This paper presents an approach using an electronic manual as a basis to create fast and cost-effective AR solutions for maintenance. As part of the approach, an application was developed to automatically identify and subdivide the chapters of electronic manuals via the bookmarks in the table of contents. The contents are then automatically uploaded to a central server and indexed with a suitable marker to make the data retrievable. The prepared content can then be accessed for creating context-related AR instructions via the marker. The application is characterized by the fact that no developers or experts are required to prepare the information. In addition to complying with common design criteria, the clear presentation of the contents and the intuitive use of the system offer added value for the performance of maintenance tasks. Together, these two elements form a novel way to retrofit legacy machines with AR maintenance instructions. The practical validation of the system took place in a factory environment. For this purpose, the content was created for a filter change on a CNC milling machine. The results show that inexperienced users can extract appropriate content with the software application. Furthermore, it is shown that maintenance workers, can access the content with an AR application developed for the Microsoft HoloLens 2 and complete simple tasks provided in the manufacturer's electronic manual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing digitalization and a shift towards Industry 4.0, new technologies are also finding their way into production. Especially in the training of technical professions, many processes are becoming more digital in order to also create a familiarization for the workforce of the future in manufacturing. To support the training of aircraft mechanics, a concept to transfer work instructions into a digital format was developed. For this purpose, a digitized system based on paper instructions was designed, in which manufacturing procedures are stored as templates in a standard elements toolbox (SET), and instructors can assemble these into work instructions in a workflow editor (WFE). Furthermore, an augmented reality (AR) display supports trainees in implementing projects using these instructions, as well as a learning platform to overview the project progress. The concept was implemented in interactive prototypes and evaluated in a training centre for aircraft mechanics. The results show a good usability of the system and give a positive impression with special requirements for apprenticeships for further development of the prototypes into a usable product and an integration into the general workflow of an aircraft mechanic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a concept of how AR can be implemented for learning in university laboratories. The concept includes videos from the first-person perspective and virtual 3D elements to impart knowledge as well as a database connection to check understanding. It is based on improvement potential identified in an experimental physics laboratory. General recommendations for actions are derived as to how AR can be used in the various laboratories of technical courses. The influences on the learning effect are evaluated using the "Confidence-based Assessment" method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent technologies are widely implemented in different areas of modern society but specific approaches should be applied in services. Basic relationships refer to supporting customers and people responsible for services offering for these customers. The aim of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the state-of-the art of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the hospitality industry. Our findings show that the major deployments concern in-person customer services, chatbots and messaging tools, business intelligence tools powered by machine learning, and virtual reality & augmented reality. Moreover, we performed a survey (n = 178), asking respondents about their perceptions and attitudes toward AI, including its implementation within a hotel space. The paper attempts to discuss how the hotel industry can be motivated by potential customers to apply selected AI solutions. In our opinion, these results provide useful insights for understanding the phenomenon under investigation. Nevertheless, since the results are not conclusive, more research is still needed on this topic. Future studies may concern both qualitative and quantitative methods, devoted to developing models that: a) quantify the potential benefits and risks of AI implementations, b) determine and evaluate the factors affecting the AI adoption by the customers, and c) measure the user (guest) experience of the hotel services, fueled by AI-based technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented-reality (AR) head-mounted devices (HMD) allow the wearer to have digital images superposed on to their field of vision. They are being used to superpose annotations on to the surgical field akin to a navigation system. This review examines published validation studies on HMD-AR systems, their reported protocols, and outcomes. The aim was to establish commonalities and an acceptable registration outcome. Multiple databases were systematically searched for relevant articles between January 2015 and January 2021. Studies that examined the registration of AR content using a HMD to guide surgery were eligible for inclusion. The country of origin, year of publication, medical specialty, HMD device, software, and method of registration, were recorded. A meta-analysis of the mean registration error was conducted. A total of 4784 papers were identified, of which 23 met the inclusion criteria. They included studies using HoloLens (Microsoft) (n = 22) and nVisor ST60 (NVIS Inc) (n = 1). Sixty-six per cent of studies were in hard tissue specialties. Eleven studies reported registration errors using pattern markers (mean (SD) 2.6 (1.8) mm), and four reported registration errors using surface markers (mean (SD) 3.8 (3.7) mm). Three studies reported registration errors using manual alignment (mean (SD) 2.2 (1.3) mm). The majority of studies in this review used in-house software with a variety of registration methods and reported errors. The mean registration error calculated in this study can be considered as a minimum acceptable standard. It should be taken into consideration when procedural applications are selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The writing of this paper and the creation of this application is a means to improve and add on facilities on the local state-run attraction. This subject matter was picked in conjunction with the decline of tourism in the said historical site due to a pandemic that rankles Indonesia's tourism industry and drives it to the ground. Augmented Reality as a method of deliverance was picked due to its popularity and freshness in the tourism market. The research method was conducted starting with analysis, development, implementation, then evaluation. Analysis was done using sourcing available to the public and a questioner. Implementation was done using Unity, Vuforia, and Maya. And with the positive responses of 66.6 percent of the sample market finding enjoyment in the use of this application in their exploration during User Acceptance testing with the existing prototype. This shows that the resulting use of this application improves user enjoyment in experiencing the state attraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Metaverse, 3D modeling techniques and autoencoders offer a novel approach for handling 2D portraits of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). These techniques have significant applications in the metaverse, a virtual, shared, and persistently online space that combines the real world, virtual reality, and augmented reality. Within the metaverse, NFTs can represent virtual items and assets, and 3D modeling techniques can be used to create three-dimensional models of these virtual items and assets. In this paper, we propose a novel method of inferring 3D structure and texture from 2D Non-Fungible Token (NFT) portraits using image-decoupled autoencoders. By implementing 3D facial modeling, depth values are associated with each pixel in the canonical view, thereby modeling 3D faces with fine textures and accurate structures from 2D NFT portraits. The input image is decomposed into four elements: depth map, albedo image, light direction, and viewpoint, all of which are used in the 3D reconstruction process. Asymmetry in NFT portraits is also addressed, and a symmetry confidence map is used to record the symmetry prediction probability for each pixel. In the experimental section, datasets including human faces and anime faces are used to better adapt to the diverse styles of NFT images. The Adam optimizer is used for training, and a set of new evaluation metrics, including cosine similarity, PSNR, SSIM, and LPIPS, are used to assess the quality of texture reconstruction. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance in 3D facial reconstruction and performs exceptionally well in 3D facial reconstruction of anime faces compared to other methods. • We proposed an autoencoder method for 3D reconstruction of 2D NFT portraits in the metaverse, inferring 3D structure and texture. • We designed techniques for consistent 3D NFT portraits under various lighting conditions, enhancing their visual quality. • Additionally, we introduced a novel approach to model facial symmetry, improving both quality and realism of 3D NFTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of user-generated content (UGC) research within the context of new product development (NPD). A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted across three prominent databases, namely Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct, using keywords to identify relevant articles. 5585 of 13,381 articles were deemed relevant following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. These articles were then thoroughly analyzed to create a comprehensive review of the topic. The selection process involved evaluating the titles and abstracts of all publications that were discovered, and carefully choosing 136 articles for full-text review. From these, 58 articles were ultimately selected for detailed analysis in this study. The study highlights the role of UGC in augmenting NPD process and identifies potential areas for future research based on evidence derived from an SLR of articles published between 2012 and 2023. The research methodologies adopted in this paper involve descriptive analysis and TCM framework (T-themes, C-contexts, and M-methodologies). Finally, the article concludes by shedding light on its potential applications by providing four themes and highlighting the importance of future research in the field with five propositions. • A comprehensive overview of User-Generated Content (UGC) within the context of New Product Development (NPD) is presented. • First systematic literature review on UGC in NPD. • Four major themes are presented: UGC's impact on NPD, mining ideas, deriving features, and understanding customer needs. • For each identified theme, a gap is presented and five future research avenues are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The governance of Virtual-Reality Integration, which seamlessly merges the virtual world (metaverse) with the physical reality, represents an emerging approach to addressing perception and comprehension challenges in complex computational environments. Such Virtual-Reality Integration systems have the capability to streamline data analysis complexity, offer real-time visualization, and provide user-centric interaction, thereby delivering crucial support for data analysis and profound decision-making in complex computational settings. In this paper, we introduce a real-time perception and interaction methodology that combines computer vision with Virtual-Reality Integration technology. We employ the Grid-ORB algorithm-based approach for high-precision feature extraction and three-dimensional registration tracking on resource-constrained devices, enabling the perception of physical entities. Furthermore, we utilize the Kriging method, augmented with a drift term, to fill gaps in numerical physical space data, aiding users in observing real-world physical values and trend fluctuations. To facilitate a unified cognitive experience for data and knowledge, we devise a user-centric interaction interface using augmented reality technology. Within this interface, users can interact with charts and controls through methods such as eye movement and gestures. Finally, we validate our system within a real thermodynamics experimental environment, with results demonstrating a significant enhancement in user efficiency for comprehending data and knowledge within complex environments. • In order to eradicate the decoupling issues present within the user analytics data process, we have constructed a novel immersive situated analytics practice predicated on augmented reality devices. • To attain high robustness and availability of visual perception on existing augmented reality devices, we have designed and implemented a motion grid statistical algorithm based on generalized enhancement to accomplish feature point matching tasks in various scenarios. • We have designed and implemented an interaction model based on an immersive interaction framework for near-far-end interaction to accomplish high-speed interaction in situated analytics tasks, utilizing multimodal interaction methods to support users' varying degrees of interaction and control over views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the automotive sector, panel fitting operations represent a delicate phase of the assembly process, during which car bodywork components are manually aligned attempting to comply with spacing tolerances. Digital technologies currently promoted by the Industry 4.0 approach, such as collaborative robots and augmented reality (AR), could assist workers for reducing execution times of this "trial and error" procedure. On the one hand, human-robot collaboration (HRC) can enhance assembly process efficiency, by combining human dexterity and cognitive capabilities with robot repetitiveness and support in heavy load handling; on the other, AR can provide interactive instructions to guide workers during the process. In this regard, the present paper is focused on the development of a novel assembly workstation using HRC and AR to support workers during car panel fitting operations. The system is based on the implementation of an algorithm able to convert the values on panel spacing, which are measured by laser gauge positioned on the collaborative robot, in the instructions for the worker to correctly carry out the panel fitting operation. The paper finally presents the application of the system to a real assembly example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote support tools offer great savings potential for maintenance work and simplify communication between on-site workers and remote experts in the back-office. Despite the predicted benefits and the existence of an increasing number of commercial augmented reality (AR) remote support tools, the technology still struggles with various challenges, mainly caused by technical limitations, safety concerns or industry-specific constraints. In this paper, we describe the implementation of an open source AR remote support application with a strong industry focus. The software was developed based on the feedback of four industry partners with different needs in the field of maintenance work. Therefore, we set the focus on configurability to provide the right tools for each use case. The developed remote support tool was then compared with traditional support measures in a user study. This paper presents the lessons learned from the expert discussions with our company partners and the results of the user study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programming by Demonstration (PbD) is a method to program robots through the performance of a task by humans. Most implementations are online methods that use visual or force feedback of the demonstrator. However, we developed an offline programming approach for PbD with a special input device within an Augmented Reality Environment. Therefore, this paper aims to answer how the characteristics and functionality of the end effector of a jointed-arm robot can be represented by a haptic input device in order to perform PbD. The PbD process is first carried out on a digital twin of the robot, visualized to the user in real physical space by means of augmented reality technology. The programming of the digital twin can later be transferred to the real robot. The haptic input device in this context is the main part of the Cyber-Physical-System (CPS), which enables the user to interact with the virtual robot. Therefore, the specification of the mechanical and software components of the CPS is of main importance. Within this paper, strategies for the implementation of shape and function abstraction, as well as for ensuring communication, have been worked out. The physical shape of the CPS is kept generic and is only subject to ergonomic restrictions. However, Augmented Reality overlays the physical shape with an exact digital image of the end effector used later in the process. Nevertheless, the physical characteristics of the real robot should be represented as real as possible by the CPS. Therefore, the CPS is equipped with various sensors and actuators. With the CPS it is possible to determine contact forces and to manipulate objects to a certain extent in order to teach gripping strategies to the digital twin. An operating system was developed for communication and control of the electronic components. For the validation of the functionality of the CPS an exemplary PbD process was developed, the results were analyzed and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The railway industry is moving towards a complex socio-technological system that relies on computer control and human-machine interfaces. Digitization and convergence of information technology (IT) with operational technology (OT) becomes increasingly important. Therefore, enabling innovations, lowering costs, increasing safety systems, enhancing performance, and increasing flexibility gains. In this scenario, opportunities arise for Augmented Reality (AR) capabilities to enhance maintenance operations of digitized trains. Initial research and tests have enabled training technicians and assistance of train drivers during specific activities by facilitating interactions with machines that go beyond traditional training manuals. Despite the positive results AR has shown, there are no specific indications available regarding the 'deployability' of the technology related to maintenance tasks. This position paper presents arguable boundaries and challenges for a structural appraisal of AR on maintenance operations of IT/OT converged trains. Potential AR solutions and specifications were based on current maintenance operations. Semi-structured interviews and surveys were conducted with maintenance providers to determine existing challenges. Moreover, the paper comprises an analysis to reveal the potential application AR has in maintenance procedures of digitized trains. Finally, this paper provides future research directions of AR technologies related to maintenance procedures of trains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programming by Demonstration (PbD) is a method to program robots through the performance of a task by humans. Most implementations are online methods that use visual or force feedback of the demonstrator. However, we developed an offline programming approach for PbD with a special input device within an Augmented Reality Environment. Therefore, this paper aims to answer how the characteristics and functionality of the end effector of a jointed-arm robot can be represented by a haptic input device in order to perform PbD. The PbD process is first carried out on a digital twin of the robot, visualized to the user in real physical space by means of augmented reality technology. The programming of the digital twin can later be transferred to the real robot. The haptic input device in this context is the main part of the Cyber-Physical-System (CPS), which enables the user to interact with the virtual robot. Therefore, the specification of the mechanical and software components of the CPS is of main importance. Within this paper, strategies for the implementation of shape and function abstraction, as well as for ensuring communication, have been worked out. The physical shape of the CPS is kept generic and is only subject to ergonomic restrictions. However, Augmented Reality overlays the physical shape with an exact digital image of the end effector used later in the process. Nevertheless, the physical characteristics of the real robot should be represented as real as possible by the CPS. Therefore, the CPS is equipped with various sensors and actuators. With the CPS it is possible to determine contact forces and to manipulate objects to a certain extent in order to teach gripping strategies to the digital twin. An operating system was developed for communication and control of the electronic components. For the validation of the functionality of the CPS an exemplary PbD process was developed, the results were analyzed and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The railway industry is moving towards a complex socio-technological system that relies on computer control and human-machine interfaces. Digitization and convergence of information technology (IT) with operational technology (OT) becomes increasingly important. Therefore, enabling innovations, lowering costs, increasing safety systems, enhancing performance, and increasing flexibility gains. In this scenario, opportunities arise for Augmented Reality (AR) capabilities to enhance maintenance operations of digitized trains. Initial research and tests have enabled training technicians and assistance of train drivers during specific activities by facilitating interactions with machines that go beyond traditional training manuals. Despite the positive results AR has shown, there are no specific indications available regarding the 'deployability' of the technology related to maintenance tasks. This position paper presents arguable boundaries and challenges for a structural appraisal of AR on maintenance operations of IT/OT converged trains. Potential AR solutions and specifications were based on current maintenance operations. Semi-structured interviews and surveys were conducted with maintenance providers to determine existing challenges. Moreover, the paper comprises an analysis to reveal the potential application AR has in maintenance procedures of digitized trains. Finally, this paper provides future research directions of AR technologies related to maintenance procedures of trains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thousands of bursty and concurrent flows persistently overwhelm the bottleneck bandwidth. The quality of experience of low-latency applications (e.g. Web, AR/VR, IoT, VoIP, etc.) is inevitably influenced by the background applications (e.g. file-sharing, system updates) which tend to overfill the buffer of bottleneck links. To solve the above issues, Less-than-Best-Effort (LBE) protocols were proposed to support the data transmission of background applications. Therein, Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) is one of the most widely deployed LBE protocols. To achieve the low-priority feature, LEDBAT senders saturate the residual bandwidth of bottleneck links while keeping the low queuing delay. However, through the simulation, we observed that LEDBAT performs a severe throughput degradation in high-speed and lossy networks. To resolve this issue, an enhanced LEDBAT, named NLPC, is presented in this paper. NLPC introduces a variable gain value, which can dynamically adapt to the network congestion degree, to update the sending rate. Extensive simulations in NS-2 and some small-scale real-world experiments indicate that in high-speed and lossy networks, NLPC increases throughput up to 40% in comparison with LEDBAT, and maintains the low-priority feature as the other LBE protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thousands of bursty and concurrent flows persistently overwhelm the bottleneck bandwidth. The quality of experience of low-latency applications (e.g. Web, AR/VR, IoT, VoIP, etc.) is inevitably influenced by the background applications (e.g. file-sharing, system updates) which tend to overfill the buffer of bottleneck links. To solve the above issues, Less-than-Best-Effort (LBE) protocols were proposed to support the data transmission of background applications. Therein, Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) is one of the most widely deployed LBE protocols. To achieve the low-priority feature, LEDBAT senders saturate the residual bandwidth of bottleneck links while keeping the low queuing delay. However, through the simulation, we observed that LEDBAT performs a severe throughput degradation in high-speed and lossy networks. To resolve this issue, an enhanced LEDBAT, named NLPC, is presented in this paper. NLPC introduces a variable gain value, which can dynamically adapt to the network congestion degree, to update the sending rate. Extensive simulations in NS-2 and some small-scale real-world experiments indicate that in high-speed and lossy networks, NLPC increases throughput up to 40% in comparison with LEDBAT, and maintains the low-priority feature as the other LBE protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) has been applied in many applications. The key for the AR implementation is the devices or AR glasses. Currently, many companies have published their AR glasses, which could not be directly used in coal mine underground environments. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an improved design of AR glass especially for the coal mine situation. The novel device improves the light projection according to the low illumination in coal mine. Meanwhile, the overall electricity system is enhanced to prevent the fire or explosion. The devices has been applied in the coal mine and the effects are analyzed. Also, the feedback from the users to the new AR glass on the decision support in coal mine is collected for the future improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) has been applied in many situation as the development of visualization and communication technologies. In coal mine industry, it is essential to improve the decision making process in the underground front line with the assistance of AR. In this paper, we propose a framework to implement an AR based decision support system, which includes knowledge support, real time expert connection and AR communication platform. The proposed framework has been applied in a coal mine in China and the user feedback indicate that the proposed framework can improve the communication and knowledge access efficiency in the coal mine industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a development study for mobile based Augmented Reality (AR) application prototype for simple remote collaboration scenario. The AR technology is implemented by using ARCore with cloud anchor into two different mobile devices as the host and client. A host is a user device that able to create and share a session of a camera viewpoint that could be connected with another client device remotely through the internet. For testing purposes of remote collaboration scenario in this application prototype, both users are able to add and manipulate location of virtual objects that overlay on each screen from their own device. Based on the functionality test, before placing the virtual object on the screen, a calibration of cloud anchor is required with minimum success performance in 250 to 1200 lumens of lights. The result for cloud anchor is being hosted with average delay up to 700+ milliseconds. In this paper, the result of the experiment shows an early stage of the utilization of AR technology in simple remote collaboration scenario. However, it shows the potential of mobile based AR technology for future remote collaboration scenario development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rapid technical advancements and the increasing diffusion of information and communications technologies, Augmented Reality (AR) has left its fledgling stages and is now on the verge of a breakthrough. Especially in industrial applications, AR holds great potentials for performance improvements: By enriching real world environments with context-specific virtual information, manual operations can be carried out more efficiently, costly mistakes can be avoided and the mental effort for transferring information from an abstract representation (e.g. monitor) to the physical world can be significantly reduced. However, a lack of transparency regarding the equally numerous and manifold applications and benefits makes it difficult for companies to weigh the impact of AR for their business. Existing classification approaches in scientific literature mainly focus on technical aspects of AR, neglecting information essential for the strategic planning of AR. The current paper aims at filling this gap by providing a classification of industrial AR use cases. The basis is a classification scheme consisting of eight classification criteria, each with several predefined characteristics, specifically tailored to the industrial use of AR. In a comprehensive literature research, 75 industrial application examples for AR were determined and described using the classification scheme. By performing a cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling, the AR application examples were grouped according to their similarity, resulting in 16 clusters, each representing a generic use case for AR. Further information was researched for each use case (e.g. benefits, opportunities, risks) and summarized in a profile. Thus, the paper provides two core results: (1) A classification scheme for describing industrial AR applications, extending the state of the art with an use-case-related classification approach. (2) A catalogue with 16 AR use case profiles, providing transparency on industrial applications and potential benefits of AR and inspiring companies on how to utilize AR for their own business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current day scenario, teaching takes place either on the blackboard or on a power point presentation projected on the wall. Traditional methods of teaching are going to become a thing of the past. Instead, imagine students focusing their mobile screens in the middle of the classroom and they will be all viewing holographic 3D objects surfacing from a table and the teacher explaining the visuals. This is going to be a reality in the near future and this technological innovation will transform the teaching-learning process. The objective of this paper is to propose a framework for using Augmented Reality in mobile phones for engineering education. Use of mobile devices in education provide a new educational paradigm, called M-Learning, It offers many opportunities for students to work on their creativity, while at same time it becomes an element of motivation and collaboration. This paper proposes the modern way of AR technology in engineering education, a handy tool to make teaching and learning effective and also proposes a experimental setup to convert a topic to an Android App. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the barriers to automating high-mix, variable-volume production is the process of installing the workpiece in the machine tool. In this paper, we propose a new principle for position and orientation measurements involving the use of 3-dimensional shape markers with shadows. We prototyped a marker system and demonstrated position and orientation measurements with a position precision of about 3 µm and an orientation precision of about 0.02 deg. We also proposed a method for transferring the position and orientation of workpieces between machine tools as an example of its application to a high-mix, variable-volume production system. [Display omitted] • The aim of the research was to apply position and orientation marker functions used in AR to manufacturing system. • New measurement principle was improved involving 3D shape markers and their projected shadows. • Precision of the developed marker was about 3 µm (position) and 0.02 deg (attitude). • A method of transferring workpiece for high-mix, variable-volume production was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaverse refers to the virtual world in which user's altered ego or avatar acts. With recent advancement in information technologies - IoT, wearable sensors, 3D-modeling, and AI, metaverse has created new research opportunities in various domains. Healthcare is one of the most important and attractive domains. During the pandemic, we have limited access to healthcare systems, which created serious health problems to many. In this paper, we are introducing an overview of the technology and concepts about metaverse based healthcare that can help us maintaining our health as well as extending the access to healthcare system. In a metaverse, health related technologies may include augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and digital twin, where our focus is given to digital twin. In our approach, we proposed to use digital twins for the assessment and maintenance of personal health. Personalized risk factors such as behavioral, vital signs, or observed symptoms are used to determine potential diseases to monitor. The quality of digital twin may be determined by the completeness, frequency of update, and accuracy of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In consequence of an ongoing change in manufacturing towards cyber-physical production systems (Industry 4.0), there is pressure for industry innovation to maintain and improve competitiveness. One aspect of this process is the digitalisation of work instructions, for example, in assembly or maintenance to use optimization potentials and counteract the increasing complexity and variety of products. A 1:1 transformation of paper-based instructions into a digitalised version often can not assess the full potential of digitalisation and does not fit the underlying hardware. Therefore, the present work deals with a presentation and analysis of existing procedures and possibilities for the digitalisation of work instructions and relates them methodically to the industry's environmental, work and process-related conditions and requirements. Here, we distinguish between (1) different digitalisation options (text-based, image-based, video/animation-based and Augmented Reality (AR)-based) and (2) different industrial requirements (task and process requirements, user requirements, environmental conditions). A special emphasis is put on AR-based approaches. As a result, we provide design guidance for practitioners' when chosing digitalisation options for work instructions with respect to present industrial requirements and create a basis for further research work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]